309 lines
22 KiB
XML
309 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1111-43" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6E23DAFA45395554A61E23AD4B06AD68" ID-ZooBank="3FAAEA839E8141A99B868576F8A1F33A" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1111-43" checkinTime="1657577097621" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Blahnik, Roger & Andersen, Trond" docDate="2022" docId="D3930CE2CC1F58E7917CC21079DA1D26" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1111: 43-198" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1111" docPubDate="2022-07-11" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586" docTitle="Chimarra waensis Gibon 1985" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="6E23DAFA45395554A61E23AD4B06AD68" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="6E23DAFA45395554A61E23AD4B06AD68" masterDocTitle="New species of the genus Chimarra Stephens from Africa (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae) and characterization of the African groups and subgroups of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1657577401209" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New species of the genus Chimarra Stephens from Africa (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae) and characterization of the African groups and subgroups of the genus</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Blahnik, Roger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Ave., 219 Hodson Hall, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Andersen, Trond</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2201-1870</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, PO Box 7800, NO- 5020 Bergen, Norway</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">trond.andersen@uib.no</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-07-11</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1111</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>43</mods:start>
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<mods:end>198</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1111-43</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3FAAEA839E8141A99B868576F8A1F33A</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6E23DAFA45395554A61E23AD4B06AD68</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D3930CE2CC1F58E7917CC21079DA1D26" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D3930CE2CC1F58E7917CC21079DA1D26" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName LSID="D3930CE2-CC1F-58E7-917C-C21079DA1D26" authority="Gibon, 1985" authorityName="Gibon" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra waensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="waensis">Chimarra waensis Gibon, 1985</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 23. Chimarra waensis Gibon, ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D inferior appendage, dorsal E phallus, lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/711489" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Fig. 23A-E</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gibon" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra waensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="waensis">Chimarra waensis</taxonomicName>
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Gibon, 1985: 26, figs 9-10.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1990-11-24" collectingDateMax="1993-12-12" collectingDateMin="1990-11-24" collectingMethod="light trap, Malaise trap" collectorName="JS Amakye, J Kjaerandsen, T Andersen" country="Ghana" county="Asubende" latitude="5.25" location="Northern Reg." longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-2.6166668" municipality="River Pru" specimenCount="16" specimenCount-female="15" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Upper East">
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<collectingCountry name="Ghana">Ghana</collectingCountry>
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-
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Brong Ahafo Reg.</emphasis>
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●
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<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectingCounty>Asubende</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>River Pru</collectingMunicipality>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="8.021667">8°01'18"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="-1.0327778">1°01'58"W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="1990-11-24">24 Nov. 1990</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>JS Amakye</collectorName>
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leg.;
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<collectingMethod>light trap</collectingMethod>
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; ZMBN. -
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D3930CE2CC1F58E7917CC21079DA1D26:781AA946B63280B586286080567C7C00" country="Ghana" county="Asubende" latitude="5.25" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-2.6166668" municipality="River Pru" name="Northern Reg." stateProvince="Upper East">Northern Reg.</location>
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</emphasis>
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●
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<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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; Sabari,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D3930CE2CC1F58E7917CC21079DA1D26:876AC92A855CF0A5906F89329E88FA37" country="Ghana" county="Asubende" latitude="5.25" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-2.6166668" municipality="River Pru" name="Oti River" stateProvince="Upper East">Oti River</location>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="41" value="9.294723">9°17'41"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="43" value="0.24527778">0°14'43"E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="1991-11-22" valueMax="1991-11-24" valueMin="1991-11-22">22-24 Nov. 1991</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>JS Amakye</collectorName>
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leg.;
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<collectingMethod>Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
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; ZMBN. -
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<collectingRegion country="Ghana" name="Upper East">Upper East</collectingRegion>
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Reg.
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</emphasis>
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●
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<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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; Nangodi, Nangodi Bridge;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="48" value="10.863334">10°51'48"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-0.65999997">0°39'36"W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="1993-06-26">26 June 1993</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>JS Amakye</collectorName>
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leg.;
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<collectingMethod>light trap</collectingMethod>
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; ZMBN. -
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<collectingRegion country="Ghana" name="Volta">Volta</collectingRegion>
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Reg.
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</emphasis>
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●
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<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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; Wli, Agumatsa waterfall, station # 12;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="29" value="7.1247225">7°07'29"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="0.5919444">0°35'31"E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="1993-11-16">16 Nov. 1993</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>
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J
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kjærandsen">Kjaerandsen</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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leg.;
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<collectingMethod>light trap</collectingMethod>
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; ZMBN. -
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D3930CE2CC1F58E7917CC21079DA1D26:B63CAACCBCBCDA2692AAC160D16DC56A" country="Ghana" county="Asubende" latitude="5.25" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-2.6166668" municipality="River Pru" name="Western Reg." stateProvince="Upper East">Western Reg.</location>
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</emphasis>
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●
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<specimenCount type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
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;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D3930CE2CC1F58E7917CC21079DA1D26:AAD2E64F9AE3E4466FDCBD3AD36DC9F2" country="Ghana" county="Asubende" latitude="5.25" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-2.6166668" municipality="River Pru" name="Ankasa Game Production Reserve" stateProvince="Upper East">Ankasa Game Production Reserve</location>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.25">5°15'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-2.6166668">2°37'W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="1993-12-06" valueMax="1993-12-12" valueMin="1993-12-06">6-12 Dec. 1993</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>T Andersen</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName>
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J
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kjærandsen">Kjaerandsen</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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leg.;
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<collectingMethod>Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
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; ZMBN ●
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<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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; same collection data as for preceding except
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<collectingDate value="1993-12-09">9 Dec. 1993</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>
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J
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kjærandsen">Kjaerandsen</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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leg.;
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<collectingMethod>light trap</collectingMethod>
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; UMSP ●
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<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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; same collection data as for preceding except
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<collectingDate value="1993-03-31">31 Mar. 1993</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>
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J
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kjærandsen">Kjaerandsen</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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leg.;
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<collectingMethod>light trap</collectingMethod>
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; UMSP ●
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<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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; same collection data as for preceding; ZMBN ●
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<specimenCount type="female">7♀♀</specimenCount>
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; same collection data as for preceding except
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<collectingDate value="1993-12-08" valueMax="1993-12-10" valueMin="1993-12-08">8-10 Dec. 1993</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>T Andersen</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName>
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J
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kjærandsen">Kjaerandsen</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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leg.; ZMBN
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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Characters, in combination, that confirm the identification and can be used to distinguish
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<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. waensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="waensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. waensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from other species in the subgroup include: length and position of digitate process of tergum X; general shape and length of inferior appendage; subtriangular shape of ventral process of tergum X; the single, moderately elongate phallic spine; and the curved, projecting apex of the phallobase. The anterior margin of segment IX, in the original illustration of
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<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. waensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="waensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. waensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Gibon, F-M" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="23 - 30" refId="B23" refString="Gibon, F-M, 1985. Recherches sur les Trichopteres d'Afrique Occidentale. 3. Philopotamidae de Cote d'Ivoire. Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale 18 (1): 23 - 30" title="Recherches sur les Trichopteres d'Afrique Occidentale. 3. Philopotamidae de Cote d'Ivoire." volume="18" year="1985">Gibon 1985</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 10), is less sinuate than in our illustration. Particularly, the prominent dorsal apodeme is not featured. This is more likely a deficit in the illustration than a genuine difference, since the anterior contour of the segment, as illustrated in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 23. Chimarra waensis Gibon, ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D inferior appendage, dorsal E phallus, lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/711489" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">23A</figureCitation>
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, is not characteristic of any species of the
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<taxonomicName authority="Burmeister, 1839" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarrha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarrha kenyana" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kenyana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Chimarrha kenyana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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subgroup. We consider the matching features sufficient to justify the use of the name
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<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. waensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="waensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. waensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to identify our specimen.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/711489" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 23" startId="F22">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figure 23.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gibon" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra waensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="waensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Chimarra waensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Gibon, ♂ genitalia
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
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lateral
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
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dorsal, segments IX and X
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
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inferior appendage, ventral
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">D</emphasis>
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inferior appendage, dorsal
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">E</emphasis>
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phallus, lateral.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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Both
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<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. baculifera" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="baculifera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. baculifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Marlier and
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<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. camerunensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="camerunensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. camerunensis</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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Marlier are also very similar to
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<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. waensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="waensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. waensis</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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, particularly in the general shape of the inferior appendages, which are elongate and narrow, with a characteristic subtruncate apex. All of these species also have elongated, curved, sensilla-bearing processes on the lateral lobes of tergum X, and a similar, basally broad, subtriangular ventral process on segment IX. We initially considered synonymizing all of these species. Restraint in doing so was based on the very acutely angled anteroventral margin of segment IX in the original illustration of
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<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. baculifera" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="baculifera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. baculifera</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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, and the very elongate phallic spine featured in the original illustration of
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<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. camerunensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="camerunensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. camerunensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Since these kinds of differences are not usually attributable to intraspecific variation, a more critical evaluation, provided by comparison of holotype specimens, ideally in the context of a formal revision of the entire subgroup, should probably precede any synonymy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="redescription">
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Adult.</emphasis>
|
||
Overall color (in alcohol) pale yellowish brown. Head elongate (postocular parietal sclerite slightly shorter than diameter of eye). Palps elongate; maxillary palp with 1st segment very short (length subequal to width), 2nd segment elongate (slightly longer than 3rd), apex with cluster of stiff setae, 3rd segment moderately elongate (normal), 4th segment short (~ 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1st), 5th segment elongate (subequal to 3rd). Forewing length: male, 5.7 mm; female, 4.5-5.0 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R1 distinctly sinuous, stem of Rs inflected at past midlength, with node extending into cell below, discoidal cell short, length slightly greater than width, basal fork not enlarged, forks I and II sessile,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">r</emphasis>
|
||
crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at approximately midlength,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">r-m</emphasis>
|
||
crossvein of forewing diagonal, slightly proximal to
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">s</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">m</emphasis>
|
||
crossvein very faint, proximal to
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">r-m</emphasis>
|
||
, very near basal fork of M, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R1 fused to subcosta basally, both veins intersecting wing margin, discoidal cell short, forks I and II elongate, sessile. Foreleg with apical tibial spur short; male with foretarsi unmodified, claws small and symmetrical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Segment VIII short, sternum and tergum subequal in length. Segment IX, in lateral view, relatively short, anterior margin distinctly, subangularly, produced in ventral
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
, dorsolaterally with very prominent, broadly rounded apodeme, nearly as projecting as ventral production, margin concave between; tergum, in dorsal view, very short and narrowly sclerotized, but continuous dorsally, or nearly so, forming excavation between apodemes; posterior margin obliquely and somewhat convexly widened from preanal appendage to ventral process; ventral process prominent, subtriangular, wide basally, only weakly projecting. Segment IX, in dorsal or ventral views, with anteroventral margin moderately, concavely excavated mesally. Lateral lobes of tergum X elongate, subtruncately rounded apically, somewhat dorsally produced in basal half, basodorsally with elongate, posteriorly oriented, digitate, sensilla-bearing process; lateral lobes, in dorsal view, subparallel; mesal lobe of tergum X membranous, approximately as long as lateral lobes. Preanal appendages short, constricted basally, knob-like. Inferior appendage, in lateral view, elongate, narrow, nearly uniform in width, distinctly dorsally flexed near base, apex slightly narrowed, forming subtruncate, weakly notched or bifid process; appendage, in dorsal or ventral views, more or less uniformly mesally curved, curvature moderate. Phallic apparatus with phallobase relatively short and tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin distinctly projecting and deflexed, apex acute and even more strongly ventrally curved; endotheca with single, moderately elongate spine; phallotremal sclerite complex composed of short rod and ring structure, with small, indistinct apicolateral sclerites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Ghana, Ivory Coast.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |