treatments-xml/data/5E/77/87/5E7787A9C212FFDF35CFF8EF8A0ADF75.xml

<document id="D2F4492F189185EAC14E5BD94BE97E8D" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.302.2.9" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725557931398" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Winterscheid, Heinrich &amp; Gossmann, Rolf" docDate="2017" docId="5E7787A9C212FFDF35CFF8EF8A0ADF75" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.302.2.9.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 302 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.302.2.9" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Cathaya vanderburghii Gossmann ex Winterscheid &amp; Gossmann 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="190" masterDocId="A24EFFD1C212FFDD3547FFAC880FD75D" masterDocTitle="Validation of Cathaya vanderburghii (Pinaceae) from European Neogene" masterLastPageNumber="192" masterPageNumber="188" pageNumber="188" updateTime="1725557990164" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="B7464DA0DD7F4979FD2510C963042487">Validation of Cathaya vanderburghii (Pinaceae) from European Neogene</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="D66136BFC212FFDD35CFF8EF8C4AD002" blockId="0.[136,1093,1859,1887]" box="[136,1093,1859,1887]" pageId="0" pageNumber="188">
<heading id="8D2981D3C212FFDD35CFF8EF8C4AD002" box="[136,1093,1859,1887]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="188" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC212FFDD35CFF8EF8B64D002" authority="Gossmann ex Winterscheid &amp; Gossmann" authorityName="Gossmann ex Winterscheid &amp; Gossmann" authorityYear="2017" box="[136,875,1859,1887]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanderburghii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC212FFDD35CFF8EF899AD003" bold="true" box="[136,405,1859,1886]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="188">Cathaya vanderburghii</emphasis>
Gossmann ex Winterscheid &amp; Gossmann
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC212FFDD3631F8EA8BC4D002" box="[886,971,1862,1887]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="188">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FF9957D6C212FFDD3631F8EA8BC4D002" box="[886,971,1862,1887]" pageId="0" pageNumber="188" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="4EE52A3AC212FFDD369EF8EA8C33D002" box="[985,1084,1862,1887]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="1.[136,229,1170,1191]" captionStartId-1="2.[136,229,1151,1172]" captionTargetBox-0="[312,1275,347,1141]" captionTargetBox-1="[361,1226,175,1127]" captionTargetId-0="figure-65@1.[312,1275,347,1141]" captionTargetId-1="figure-14@2.[361,1226,175,1127]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Cathaya vanderburghii Winterscheid &amp; Gossmann, Lower Rhine Basin (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), early Pliocene. A–D. Seed cones as seen from both sides. A. Holotype [UTR12003–1], B–D. Paratypes. B. [UTR12003–2], C. [UTR12003–3], D. [UTR12003–4]. Scale bars. A–D = 5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Cathaya vanderburghii Winterscheid &amp; Gossmann, Lower Rhine Basin (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), early Pliocene. A–E. Ovuliferous scale from adaxal (left) and abaxial (right) view, in C–E with seeds in situ in adaxal view [UTR12003–7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. F–I. Ovuliferous and bract scales. G.Abaxal view on ovoliferous scale from F [UTR12003–6, 45]. K–L.Two seeds from abaxial (left) and adaxial (right) view [UTR12003–12]. Scale bars. A–F, H–I = 4 mm; G, K–L = 2 mm." pageId="0" pageNumber="188">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EC46534C212FFDD35CFF8C08B0AD0F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="188" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D66136BFC212FFDD35CFF8C08AABD0DC" blockId="0.[136,1452,1900,2065]" box="[136,676,1900,1921]" pageId="0" pageNumber="188">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F6CE1191C212FFDD35CFF8C08AABD0DC" box="[136,676,1900,1921]" pageId="0" pageNumber="188">
<treatmentCitation id="577F10AEC212FFDD35CFF8C08A36D0DC" author="Gossmann, R." box="[136,569,1900,1921]" page=")" pageId="0" pageNumber="188" year="1991">
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC212FFDD35CFF8C08A36D0DC" authority="Gossmann (1991: 13)" authorityName="Gossmann" authorityPageNumber="13" authorityYear="1991" box="[136,569,1900,1921]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanderburghi">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC212FFDD35CFF8C0896ED0DC" box="[136,353,1900,1921]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="188">Cathaya vanderburghi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B24F4B4EC212FFDD3420F8C08A36D0DC" author="Gossmann, R." box="[359,569,1900,1921]" pageId="0" pageNumber="188" refId="ref2163" refString="Gossmann, R. (1991) Die Gattung Cathaya im rheinischen Jungtertiar. In: Kovar-Eder, J. (Ed.) Pan-European Palaeobotanical Conference, Vienna 1991, Abstracts: 13, Naturhist. Mus. Wien, Vienna, p. 13." type="journal volume" year="1991">Gossmann (1991: 13)</bibRefCitation>
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, 
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC212FFDD3704F8C08AABD0DC" box="[579,676,1900,1921]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="188">nom. nud.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D66136BFC212FFDD35CFF83C8B0AD0F8" blockId="0.[136,1452,1900,2065]" box="[136,773,1936,1957]" pageId="0" pageNumber="188">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F6CE1191C212FFDD35CFF83C8B0AD0F8" box="[136,773,1936,1957]" pageId="0" pageNumber="188">
<treatmentCitation id="577F10AEC212FFDD35CFF83C8A80D0F8" author="Mai, D. H." box="[136,655,1936,1957]" page=")" pageId="0" pageNumber="188" year="1994">
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC212FFDD35CFF83C8A80D0F8" authority="Gossmann ex Mai (1994: 208)" authorityName="Mai" authorityPageNumber="208" authorityYear="1994" box="[136,655,1936,1957]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanderburghi">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC212FFDD35CFF83C896ED0F8" box="[136,353,1936,1957]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="188">Cathaya vanderburghi</emphasis>
Gossmann ex 
<bibRefCitation id="B24F4B4EC212FFDD34A8F83C8A80D0F8" author="Mai, D. H." box="[495,655,1936,1957]" pageId="0" pageNumber="188" pagination="207 - 227" refId="ref2374" refString="Mai, D. H. (1994) Fossile Koniferenreste in der meridionalen Zone Europas. Feddes Repertorium 105: 207 - 227. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19941050315" type="journal article" year="1994">Mai (1994: 208)</bibRefCitation>
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, 
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC212FFDD37DFF83C8B0AD0F8" box="[664,773,1936,1957]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="188">nom. inval.</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="D66136BFC212FFDD35CFF8188931DF4C" blockId="0.[136,1452,1900,2065]" pageId="0" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC212FFDD35CFF81888E4D094" bold="true" box="[136,235,1972,1993]" pageId="0" pageNumber="188">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:—Seed-cones of 
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC212FFDD34D0F8188A78D094" authorityName="Gossmann ex Winterscheid &amp; Gossmann" authorityYear="2017" box="[407,631,1972,1993]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanderburghii">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC212FFDD34D0F8188A78D094" box="[407,631,1972,1993]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="188">Cathaya vanderburghii</emphasis>
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differ from extant 
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC212FFDD3669F8188BC8D094" authorityName="Chun &amp; Kuang" authorityYear="1962" box="[814,967,1972,1993]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="argyrophylla">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC212FFDD3669F8188BC8D094" box="[814,967,1972,1993]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="188">C. argyrophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and fossil 
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC212FFDD3168F8188C9DD094" authorityName="W. Schneider" authorityYear="1981" baseAuthorityName="Kirchheimer" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1071,1170,1972,1993]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bergeri">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC212FFDD3168F8188C9DD094" box="[1071,1170,1972,1993]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="188">C. bergeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by mainly smaller and ovoid to conical cones with acute apex; number of ovuliferous scales in 
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC212FFDD3674F8748BD8D0B0" authorityName="Gossmann ex Winterscheid &amp; Gossmann" authorityYear="2017" box="[819,983,2008,2029]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanderburghii">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC212FFDD3674F8748BD8D0B0" box="[819,983,2008,2029]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="188">C. vanderburghii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ca. 20, and 
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<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC212FFDD31E3F8748D33D0B0" authorityName="Chun &amp; Kuang" authorityYear="1962" box="[1188,1340,2008,2029]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="argyrophylla">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC212FFDD31E3F8748D33D0B0" box="[1188,1340,2008,2029]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="188">C. argyrophylla</emphasis>
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, and 
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<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC212FFDD3591F8508937DF4C" authorityName="W. Schneider" authorityYear="1981" baseAuthorityName="Kirchheimer" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[214,312,2044,2065]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bergeri">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC212FFDD3591F8508937DF4C" box="[214,312,2044,2065]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="188">C. bergeri</emphasis>
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.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC213FFDC35CFFF0C88B5D7E8" bold="true" box="[136,186,160,181]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">Type</emphasis>
:— 
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. 
<collectingRegion id="141AF85DC213FFDC341AFF0C8A44D7E8" box="[349,587,160,181]" country="Germany" name="Nordrhein-Westfalen" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">North Rhine-Westphalia</collectingRegion>
: former brown coal mine “Fortuna-Garsdorf” near Bergheim west of Cologne (
<typeStatus id="0965881DC213FFDC3011FF0C8DA3D7E8" box="[1366,1452,160,181]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
UTR12003–1), fig. 1 
<collectionCode id="B0CFAE7AC213FFDC34CDFF6889AFD784" box="[394,416,196,217]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
, collected by 
<collectionCode id="B0CFAE7AC213FFDC376BFF688A37D784" box="[556,568,196,217]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. van der Burgh in the 1980s, repository: palaeobotanical collections of the Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Utrecht, Netherlands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D66136BFC213FFDC35CFFEA08D37D67C" blockId="1.[136,1452,160,289]" box="[136,1336,268,289]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC213FFDC35CFFEA08903D67C" bold="true" box="[136,268,268,289]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">Stratigraphy</emphasis>
:—Early Pliocene, Zanclean; Kieseloolith Formation, Bergheim Subformation (“Rotton”); sandy drift deposits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="D66136BFC213FFDC35CFFB3E8A14D3B2" blockId="1.[136,1453,1170,1263]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC213FFDC35CFFB3E88F2D3FA" bold="true" box="[136,253,1170,1191]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC213FFDC3444FB3E8AE3D3FA" authority="Winterscheid &amp; Gossmann" authorityName="Gossmann ex Winterscheid &amp; Gossmann" authorityYear="2017" box="[259,748,1170,1191]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanderburghii">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC213FFDC3444FB3E89EED3FA" box="[259,481,1170,1191]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">Cathaya vanderburghii</emphasis>
Winterscheid &amp; Gossmann
</taxonomicName>
, Lower Rhine Basin (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), early Pliocene. A–D. Seed cones as seen from both sides. A. Holotype [UTR12003–1], B–D. Paratypes. B. [UTR12003–2], C. [UTR12003–3], D. [UTR12003–4]. Scale bars. A–D = 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="9EC46534C213FFDC35CFFAB38CB6D14D" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" type="description">
<paragraph id="D66136BFC213FFDC35CFFAB38CB6D14D" blockId="1.[136,1452,1311,2092]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC213FFDC35CFFAB3891DD265" bold="true" box="[136,274,1311,1336]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">Description</emphasis>
:—Megastrobili petiolate, symmetric, tapered, closed 
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long and 
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wide, base broad and rounded, apex acute, with ca. 20 imbricate cone-scales. Ovuliferous scales spirally arranged, abaxially convex, broad, semicircular at the upper margin, contracted into a small denticulate tip; basally small, laterally to the base with two wing-like extensions; median broader than long, 
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long, 
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wide; adaxially concave with smooth impressions of seeds and seed-wings visible. Bract scales short, ⅓ to ⅔ as long as seed scales, ligulate-spathulate, terminally triangular. Seeds winged, seed body obliquely ovate, 
<quantity id="11269B5AC213FFDC362CFA7F8BFBD2B1" box="[875,1012,1491,1516]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 mm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="11269B5AC213FFDC312DFA7F8CD0D2B1" box="[1130,1247,1491,1516]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="1.0">1–1.2 mm</quantity>
broad, seed wing membranous and striated, dorsally and ventrally convex, 
<quantity id="11269B5AC213FFDC364DFA5B8B85D14D" box="[778,906,1527,1552]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" unit="mm" value="9.25" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="4.5">4.5–14 mm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="11269B5AC213FFDC36BEFA5B8C64D14D" box="[1017,1131,1527,1552]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="2.0">2–4.5 mm</quantity>
broad.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EC46534C213FFDF35FAF9B78A0ADF75" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="D66136BFC213FFDC35FAF9B78C80D105" blockId="1.[136,1452,1311,2092]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC213FFDC35FAF9B78931D169" bold="true" box="[189,318,1563,1588]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">Etymology</emphasis>
:—The specific epithet is dedicated in honour of the Dutch palaeobotanist Johan van der Burgh, who worked on the Neogene floras from the Lower Rhine Basin and discovered the new species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D66136BFC213FFDC35FAF9CF8941D051" blockId="1.[136,1452,1311,2092]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC213FFDC35FAF9CF8947D121" bold="true" box="[189,328,1635,1660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">Occurrence</emphasis>
:—Lower Rhine Basin in western 
<collectingCountry id="AEC9762FC213FFDC378BF9CF8B3BD121" box="[716,820,1635,1660]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">Germany</collectingCountry>
from early to late Pliocene in open-cast mines Fortuna-Garsdorf, Bergheim, and Hambach. In the Mediterranean, in north and central 
<collectingCountry id="AEC9762FC213FFDC315EF92B8C43D1FD" box="[1049,1100,1671,1696]" name="Italy" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">Italy</collectingCountry>
from early to late Pliocene in terrestrial and marine sediments: Ca’Viettone, Candelo, Castellamonte, Castellengo, La Cassa, Sento/Val Chiusella, Meleto and Santa Barbara/Val d’Arno (
<bibRefCitation id="B24F4B4EC213FFDC370AF9638ACED1B5" author="Mai, D. H." box="[589,705,1743,1768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" pagination="207 - 227" refId="ref2374" refString="Mai, D. H. (1994) Fossile Koniferenreste in der meridionalen Zone Europas. Feddes Repertorium 105: 207 - 227. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19941050315" type="journal article" year="1994">
<date id="A260107FC213FFDC370AF9638ACED1B5" box="[589,705,1743,1768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" value="1994-05">Mai 1994</date>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="B24F4B4EC213FFDC3788F9638B98D1B5" author="Martinetto, E." box="[719,919,1743,1768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" pagination="299 - 319" refId="ref2487" refString="Martinetto, E. (2001 a) The role of central Italy as a centre of refuge for thermophilous plants in the late Cenozoic. Acta Palaeobotanica 41: 299 - 319." type="journal article" year="2001">Martinetto 2001a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="B24F4B4EC213FFDC36E3F9638BE1D1B5" author="Martinetto, E." box="[932,1006,1743,1768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" pagination="149 - 166" refId="ref2521" refString="Martinetto, E. (2001 b) Studies on some exotic elements of the Pliocene floras of Italy. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B 259: 149 - 166." type="journal article" year="2001">2001b</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="B24F4B4EC213FFDC36BBF9638D3ED1B5" author="Fischer, T. C. &amp; Butzmann, R." box="[1020,1329,1743,1768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" pagination="71 - 88" refId="ref2111" refString="Fischer, T. C. &amp; Butzmann, R. (2006) The Pliocene macro- and microflora of lacustrine sediments from Meleto (Valdarno, N. Italy) and its ecological, palaeobiogeographicaland climatic interpretation. Cainozoic Research 5 (1 - 2): 71 - 88." type="journal article" year="2006">Fischer &amp; Butzmann 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="B24F4B4EC213FFDC3079F963894DD051" author="Bertini, A. &amp; Martinetto, E." pageId="1" pageNumber="189" pagination="105 - 121" refId="ref1884" refString="Bertini, A. &amp; Martinetto, E. (2008) Messinian to Zanclean vegetation and climate of Northern and Central Italy. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 47: 105 - 121." type="journal article" year="2008">Bertini &amp; Martinetto 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D66136BFC213FFDC35FAF8BB8CE5D0C1" blockId="1.[136,1452,1311,2092]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC213FFDC35FAF8BB8916D06D" bold="true" box="[189,281,1815,1840]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">Habitat</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC213FFDC347AF8BB8A4CD06D" authorityName="Gossmann ex Winterscheid &amp; Gossmann" authorityYear="2017" box="[317,579,1815,1840]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanderburghii">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC213FFDC347AF8BB8A4CD06D" box="[317,579,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">Cathaya vanderburghii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in allochtonous carpological macrofossil accumulations of coniferous cones, and angiospermous fruits and seeds in fluviatile siliciclastic deposits. It was an element of mixed mesophytic and riparian forests, with the habitat on drier, well-drained sandy soils in the vicinity of the deposition environment. Associated taxa recorded with 
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC213FFDC34A6F82F8AE9D0C1" authorityName="Gossmann ex Winterscheid &amp; Gossmann" authorityYear="2017" box="[481,742,1923,1948]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanderburghii">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC213FFDC34A6F82F8AE9D0C1" box="[481,742,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">Cathaya vanderburghii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are described by 
<bibRefCitation id="B24F4B4EC213FFDC36EBF82F8C98D0C1" author="Van der Burgh, J." box="[940,1175,1923,1948]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" pagination="173 - 211" refId="ref2883" refString="Van der Burgh, J. (1978) The Pliocene Flora of Fortuna-Garsdorf I. Fruits and Seeds of Angiosperms. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 26: 173 - 211. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0034 - 6667 (78) 90011 - 8" type="journal article" year="1978">van der Burgh (1978</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="B24F4B4EC213FFDC31E5F82F8CD1D0C1" author="Van der Burgh, J." box="[1186,1246,1923,1948]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" pagination="33 - 90" refId="ref2936" refString="Van der Burgh, J. (1983) Allochthonous seed and fruit floras from the Pliocene of the Lower Rhine Basin. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 40: 33 - 90. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0034 - 6667 (83) 90004 - 0" type="journal article" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D66136BFC213FFDC35FAF80B8C75DF71" blockId="1.[136,1452,1311,2092]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC213FFDC35FAF80B890FD09D" bold="true" box="[189,256,1959,1984]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">Notes</emphasis>
:—For morphological comparisons between seed-cones of 
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC213FFDC36F6F80B8C79D09D" authorityName="Gossmann ex Winterscheid &amp; Gossmann" authorityYear="2017" box="[945,1142,1959,1984]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanderburghii">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC213FFDC36F6F80B8C79D09D" box="[945,1142,1959,1984]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">C. vanderburghii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the Miocene species 
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC213FFDC35CFF8678BCFD0B9" authority="(Kirchheimer 1940: 279 - 281) W. Schneider (1981: 892)" authorityName="W. Schneider" authorityPageNumber="892" authorityYear="1981" baseAuthorityName="Kirchheimer" baseAuthorityPageNumber="279 - 281" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[136,960,1995,2020]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bergeri">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC213FFDC35CFF867894FD0B9" box="[136,320,1995,2020]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">Cathaya bergeri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B24F4B4EC213FFDC3417F8678A9BD0B9" author="Kirchheimer, F." box="[336,660,1995,2020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" pagination="276 - 294" refId="ref2300" refString="Kirchheimer, F. (1940) Ein neuer Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Frucht- und Samenfossilien aus den Braunkohlenschichten Sachsens und Thuringens. Botanisches Archiv 41: 276 - 294." type="journal article" year="1940">Kirchheimer 1940: 279–281</bibRefCitation>
) W. 
<bibRefCitation id="B24F4B4EC213FFDC3785F8678BCFD0B9" author="Schneider, W." box="[706,960,1995,2020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" pagination="889 - 897" refId="ref2769" refString="Schneider, W. (1981) Nachweis der Pinaceen-Gattung Cathaya Chun &amp; Kuang im 2. Lausitzer Floz (Miozan). Zeitschrift fur Geologische Wissenschaften 9: 889 - 897." type="journal article" year="1981">Schneider (1981: 892)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and the extant 
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC213FFDC3136F8678D2CD0B9" authorityName="Chun &amp; Kuang" authorityYear="1962" box="[1137,1315,1995,2020]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="argyrophylla">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC213FFDC3136F8678D2CD0B9" box="[1137,1315,1995,2020]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">C. argyrophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see table 1. 
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC213FFDC35CFF8438A73DF55" authority="Sveshnikova (1964: 130" authorityName="Sveshnikova" authorityYear="1964" box="[136,636,2031,2056]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="europaea">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC213FFDC35CFF8438955DF55" box="[136,346,2031,2056]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">Cathaya europaea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B24F4B4EC213FFDC3424F8438A73DF55" author="Sveshnikova, I. N." box="[355,636,2031,2056]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" pagination="125 - 131" refId="ref2802" refString="Sveshnikova, I. N. (1964) Predstavitel' roda Сathaya (Pinacea) iz pliotsena Abkhazii [Representative of the genus Cathaya (Pinaceae) from the Pliocene of Abkhazia]. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 1964: 125 - 131 [in Russian]." type="journal article" year="1964">Sveshnikova (1964: 130</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; pl. 11, fig. 14) is homotypic synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC213FFDC312CF8438918DF71" authority="(Kirchh.) W. Schneider" authorityName="W. Schneider" baseAuthorityName="Kirchh." class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Keteleeria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bergeri">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC213FFDC312CF8438D35DF55" box="[1131,1338,2031,2056]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">Keteleeria bergeri</emphasis>
(Kirchh.) W.Schneider
</taxonomicName>
because it refers to the 
<typeStatus id="0965881DC213FFDC3766F7BF8A5EDF71" box="[545,593,2067,2092]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189">type</typeStatus>
material of 
<bibRefCitation id="B24F4B4EC213FFDC379EF7BF8C2CDF71" author="Kirchheimer, F." box="[729,1059,2067,2092]" pageId="1" pageNumber="189" pagination="276 - 294" refId="ref2300" refString="Kirchheimer, F. (1940) Ein neuer Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Frucht- und Samenfossilien aus den Braunkohlenschichten Sachsens und Thuringens. Botanisches Archiv 41: 276 - 294." type="journal article" year="1940">Kirchheimer (1940: 279–281</bibRefCitation>
; fig. 1).
</paragraph>
<caption id="82A16637C210FFDF35CFFBD38BB3D25D" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" startId="2.[136,229,1151,1172]" targetBox="[361,1226,175,1127]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="D66136BFC210FFDF35CFFBD38BB3D25D" blockId="2.[136,1453,1151,1280]" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC210FFDF35CFFBD388F2D3C9" bold="true" box="[136,253,1151,1172]" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC210FFDF3444FBD38AE3D3C9" authority="Winterscheid &amp; Gossmann" authorityName="Gossmann ex Winterscheid &amp; Gossmann" authorityYear="2017" box="[259,748,1151,1172]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanderburghii">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC210FFDF3444FBD389EED3C9" box="[259,481,1151,1172]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">Cathaya vanderburghii</emphasis>
Winterscheid &amp; Gossmann
</taxonomicName>
, Lower Rhine Basin (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), early Pliocene. A–E. Ovuliferous scale from adaxal (left) and abaxial (right) view, in C–E with seeds in situ in adaxal view [UTR12003–7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. F–I. Ovuliferous and bract scales. G. Abaxal view on ovoliferous scale from F [UTR12003–6, 45]. K–L. Two seeds from abaxial (left) and adaxial (right) view [UTR12003–12]. Scale bars. A–F, H–I = 4 mm; G, K–L = 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="82A16637C210FFDF35CFFA878A58D23B" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" startId="2.[136,224,1323,1346]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="D66136BFC210FFDF35CFFA878A58D23B" blockId="2.[136,1451,1321,1382]" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC210FFDF35CFFA8788FDD21F" bold="true" box="[136,242,1323,1346]" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">TABLE 1</emphasis>
. Morphological comparisons between seed-cones of 
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC210FFDF3659FA878BDCD21F" authorityName="Gossmann ex Winterscheid &amp; Gossmann" authorityYear="2017" box="[798,979,1323,1346]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanderburghii">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC210FFDF3659FA878BDCD21F" box="[798,979,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">C. vanderburghii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC210FFDF3699FA878C46D21F" box="[990,1097,1323,1346]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Keteleeria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bergeri">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC210FFDF3699FA878C46D21F" box="[990,1097,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">C. bergeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC210FFDF313FFA878D11D21F" authorityName="Chun &amp; Kuang" authorityYear="1962" box="[1144,1310,1323,1346]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="argyrophylla">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC210FFDF313FFA878D11D21F" box="[1144,1310,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">C. argyrophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<superScript id="21AB9BF7C210FFDF306BFA858D3BD26A" attach="right" box="[1324,1332,1321,1335]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">*</superScript>
<bibRefCitation id="B24F4B4EC210FFDF3071FA878939D23B" author="Kunzmann, L. &amp; Mai, D. H." pageId="2" pageNumber="190" pagination="67 - 135" refId="ref2331" refString="Kunzmann, L. &amp; Mai, D. H. (2005) Die Koniferen der Mastixioideen-Flora von Wiesa bei Kamenz (Sachsen, Miozan) unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Nadelblatter. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B 272: 67 - 135." type="journal article" year="2005">Kunzmann &amp; Mai 2005: 77</bibRefCitation>
, 
<superScript id="21AB9BF7C210FFDF3406FAE1895ED206" attach="right" box="[321,337,1357,1371]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">**</superScript>
<bibRefCitation id="B24F4B4EC210FFDF3411FAE38A45D23B" author="Wu, Z. Y. &amp; Raven, P. H." box="[342,586,1359,1382]" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" refId="ref2990" refString="Wu, Z. Y. &amp; Raven, P. H. (Eds.) (1999) Flora of China. Vol. 4. Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, 400 pp." type="book" year="1999">Wu &amp; Raven 1999: 37</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D66136BFC210FFDF35D7FAD98D66D1AC" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">
<table id="A4DEC41FC210002235D7FAD98D98D1AC" box="[144,1431,1397,1777]" gridcols="5" gridrows="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">
<tr id="68EE34FDC210002235D7FAD98D98D2D7" box="[144,1431,1397,1418]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">
<th id="2B3F5D81C210002235D7FAD9893AD2D7" box="[144,309,1397,1418]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">Species</th>
<th id="2B3F5D81C210002234C6FAD98A31D2D7" box="[385,574,1397,1418]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">Seed cones</th>
<th id="2B3F5D81C21000223736FAD98B75D2D7" box="[625,890,1397,1418]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">Ovuliferous scales</th>
<th id="2B3F5D81C210002236DBFAD98CABD2D7" box="[924,1188,1397,1418]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">Bracts</th>
<th id="2B3F5D81C21000223183FAD98D98D2D7" box="[1220,1431,1397,1418]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">Seeds</th>
</tr>
<tr id="68EE34FDC210002235D7FA388D98D2F4" box="[144,1431,1428,1449]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">
<th id="2B3F5D81C210002235D7FA38893AD2F4" box="[144,309,1428,1449]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC210FFDF35D7FA38893BD2F4" authorityName="Gossmann ex Winterscheid &amp; Gossmann" authorityYear="2017" box="[144,308,1428,1449]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanderburghii">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC210FFDF35D7FA38893BD2F4" box="[144,308,1428,1449]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">C. vanderburghii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="2B3F5D81C210002234C6FA388A31D2F4" box="[385,574,1428,1449]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">ovoid–conical,</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223736FA388B75D2F4" box="[625,890,1428,1449]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">Seed scales ca. 20, broad,</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C210002236DBFA388CABD2F4" box="[924,1188,1428,1449]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">ligulate-spathulate,</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223183FA388D98D2F4" box="[1220,1431,1428,1449]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">ellipsoidal,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="68EE34FDC210002235D7FA1E8D98D29A" box="[144,1431,1458,1479]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">
<th id="2B3F5D81C210002235D7FA1E893AD29A" box="[144,309,1458,1479]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">(fossil)</th>
<td id="2B3F5D81C210002234C6FA1E8A31D29A" box="[385,574,1458,1479]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">17–45 × 9–19 mm</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223736FA1E8B75D29A" box="[625,890,1458,1479]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">apically rounded without</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C210002236DBFA1E8CABD29A" box="[924,1188,1458,1479]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">terminal broad triangular,</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223183FA1E8D98D29A" box="[1220,1431,1458,1479]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">wing elliptic-ovate,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="68EE34FDC210002235D7FA618D98D2B9" box="[144,1431,1485,1508]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223736FA618B75D2B9" box="[625,890,1485,1508]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">stalks,</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C210002236DBFA618CABD2B9" box="[924,1188,1485,1508]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">ca. ⅓–⅔ as long as seed</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223183FA618D98D2B9" box="[1220,1431,1485,1508]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">4.5–14 × 2–4.5 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="68EE34FDC210002235D7FA408D98D15C" box="[144,1431,1516,1537]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223736FA408B75D15C" box="[625,890,1516,1537]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">5–12 × 7–18 mm</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C210002236DBFA408CABD15C" box="[924,1188,1516,1537]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">scales</td>
</tr>
<tr id="68EE34FDC210002235D7F9A78D98D17C" box="[144,1431,1547,1569]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">
<th id="2B3F5D81C210002235D7F9A7893AD17C" box="[144,309,1547,1569]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC210FFDF35D7F9A088FDD17C" box="[144,242,1548,1569]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Keteleeria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bergeri">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC210FFDF35D7F9A088FDD17C" box="[144,242,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">C. bergeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
*
</th>
<td id="2B3F5D81C210002234C6F9A78A31D17C" box="[385,574,1547,1569]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">ovoid–ellipsoid,</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223736F9A78B75D17C" box="[625,890,1547,1569]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">Seed scales 17–31,</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C210002236DBF9A78CABD17C" box="[924,1188,1547,1569]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">ligulate-spathulate,</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223183F9A78D98D17C" box="[1220,1431,1547,1569]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">obovoid–ellipsoidal,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="68EE34FDC210002235D7F9868D98D162" box="[144,1431,1578,1599]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">
<th id="2B3F5D81C210002235D7F986893AD162" box="[144,309,1578,1599]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">(fossil)</th>
<td id="2B3F5D81C210002234C6F9868A31D162" box="[385,574,1578,1599]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">(22–)29–62 mm ×</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223736F9868B75D162" box="[625,890,1578,1599]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">orbicular–suborbicular,</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C210002236DBF9868CABD162" box="[924,1188,1578,1599]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">terminal rounded with tip,</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223183F9868D98D162" box="[1220,1431,1578,1599]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">wing obovate–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="68EE34FDC210002235D7F9E98D98D101" box="[144,1431,1605,1628]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="2B3F5D81C210002234C6F9E98A31D101" box="[385,574,1605,1628]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">20–30 mm</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223736F9E98B75D101" box="[625,890,1605,1628]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">≤ 28 × ≤ 27 mm</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C210002236DBF9E98CABD101" box="[924,1188,1605,1628]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">ca. ⅓ as long as seed scales</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223183F9E98D98D101" box="[1220,1431,1605,1628]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">sphenoidal,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="68EE34FDC210002235D7F9C88D98D124" box="[144,1431,1636,1657]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223183F9C88D98D124" box="[1220,1431,1636,1657]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">6–6.5 × 3.5–4 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="68EE34FDC210002235D7F92E8D98D1C4" box="[144,1431,1666,1689]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">
<th id="2B3F5D81C210002235D7F92E893AD1C4" box="[144,309,1666,1689]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC210FFDF35D7F9288927D1C4" authorityName="Chun &amp; Kuang" authorityYear="1962" box="[144,296,1668,1689]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="argyrophylla">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC210FFDF35D7F9288927D1C4" box="[144,296,1668,1689]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">C. argyrophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
**
</th>
<td id="2B3F5D81C210002234C6F92E8A31D1C4" box="[385,574,1666,1689]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">ovoid or ellipsoid,</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223736F92E8B75D1C4" box="[625,890,1666,1689]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">Seed scales 13–16,</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C210002236DBF92E8CABD1C4" box="[924,1188,1666,1689]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">ca. ¼–⅓ as long as seed</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223183F92E8D98D1C4" box="[1220,1431,1666,1689]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">obliquely ovoid, wing</td>
</tr>
<tr id="68EE34FDC210002235D7F90D8D98D1EB" box="[144,1431,1697,1718]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">
<th id="2B3F5D81C210002235D7F90D893AD1EB" box="[144,309,1697,1718]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">(extant)</th>
<td id="2B3F5D81C210002234C6F90D8A31D1EB" box="[385,574,1697,1718]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">30–50 × 15–30 mm</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223736F90D8B75D1EB" box="[625,890,1697,1718]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">suborbicular or compressed</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C210002236DBF90D8CABD1EB" box="[924,1188,1697,1718]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">scales</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223183F90D8D98D1EB" box="[1220,1431,1697,1718]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">obliquely ovate or</td>
</tr>
<tr id="68EE34FDC210002235D7F9138D98D189" box="[144,1431,1727,1748]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223736F9138B75D189" box="[625,890,1727,1748]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">orbicular-ovate,</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223183F9138D98D189" box="[1220,1431,1727,1748]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">elliptic-ovate,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="68EE34FDC210002235D7F9708D98D1AC" box="[144,1431,1756,1777]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223736F9708B75D1AC" box="[625,890,1756,1777]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">15–25 × 10–25 mm</td>
<td id="2B3F5D81C21000223183F9708D98D1AC" box="[1220,1431,1756,1777]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">10–15 × 4–6 mm</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D66136BFC210FFDF35FAF8B48BCCD0C7" blockId="2.[136,1452,1816,2088]" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">
The species 
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC210FFDF3409F8B48BB4D06C" authority="(Unger 1843: 70 - 72) Schimper (1870" authorityName="Schimper" authorityYear="1870" baseAuthorityName="Unger" baseAuthorityPageNumber="70 - 72" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[334,955,1816,1841]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="austriaca">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC210FFDF3409F8B489F1D06C" box="[334,510,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">Larix austriaca</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B24F4B4EC210FFDF3748F8B48AFDD06C" author="Unger, F." box="[527,754,1816,1841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" refId="ref2848" refString="Unger, F. (1843) Chloris protogaea. Beitrage zur Flora der Vorwelt 4 - 5. W. Braumuller, Wien, pp. V - XXII + 45 - 92." type="book" year="1843">Unger 1843: 70–72</bibRefCitation>
) 
<bibRefCitation id="B24F4B4EC210FFDF3643F8B48BB4D06C" author="Schimper, W." box="[772,955,1816,1841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" refId="ref2725" refString="Schimper, W. (1870 - 1872) Traite de Paleontologie Vegetale 2. J. B. Bailliere et fils, Paris, 966 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24942" type="book" year="1870">Schimper (1870</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–1872: 298–299) is regarded by Martinetto (2001) as a possible older synonym of the here treated 
<taxonomicName id="11DE4D3CC210FFDF37BDF8978BB4D009" authorityName="Gossmann ex Winterscheid &amp; Gossmann" authorityYear="2017" box="[762,955,1851,1876]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cathaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanderburghii">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC210FFDF37BDF8978BB4D009" box="[762,955,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">C. vanderburghii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. After 
<bibRefCitation id="B24F4B4EC210FFDF314BF8978CEBD009" author="Martinetto, E." box="[1036,1252,1851,1876]" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" pagination="149 - 166" refId="ref2521" refString="Martinetto, E. (2001 b) Studies on some exotic elements of the Pliocene floras of Italy. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B 259: 149 - 166." type="journal article" year="2001">Martinetto (2001b)</bibRefCitation>
the type-material of 
<bibRefCitation id="B24F4B4EC210FFDF35E1F8F28932D02A" author="Unger, F." box="[166,317,1886,1911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" refId="ref2848" refString="Unger, F. (1843) Chloris protogaea. Beitrage zur Flora der Vorwelt 4 - 5. W. Braumuller, Wien, pp. V - XXII + 45 - 92." type="book" year="1843">Unger (1843)</bibRefCitation>
is lost, and the drawings of cones by 
<bibRefCitation id="B24F4B4EC210FFDF37A7F8F28B78D02A" author="Unger, F." box="[736,887,1886,1911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" refId="ref2848" refString="Unger, F. (1843) Chloris protogaea. Beitrage zur Flora der Vorwelt 4 - 5. W. Braumuller, Wien, pp. V - XXII + 45 - 92." type="book" year="1843">Unger (1843)</bibRefCitation>
are too badly preserved and provide no diagnostic morphological features because the drawings are based on abraded cones.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D66136BFC210FFDF35FAF8098A0ADF75" blockId="2.[136,1452,1816,2088]" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">
<materialsCitation id="66B63CE2C210FFDF35FAF8098AEAD0BC" country="Germany" location="Cologne" municipality="Bergheim" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Nordrhein-Westfalen">
<emphasis id="E4AAEAADC210FFDF35FAF8098AC9D0E3" bold="true" box="[189,710,1957,1982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">
<typeStatus id="0965881DC210FFDF35FAF8098A39D0E3" box="[189,566,1957,1982]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">Additional specimens examined</typeStatus>
(
<typeStatus id="0965881DC210FFDF3703F8098AB1D0E3" box="[580,702,1957,1982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
:— 
<collectingCountry id="AEC9762FC210FFDF37A1F8098B78D0E3" box="[742,887,1957,1982]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">GERMANY</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="141AF85DC210FFDF36C7F8098C9AD0E3" box="[896,1173,1957,1982]" country="Germany" name="Nordrhein-Westfalen" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">North Rhine-Westphalia</collectingRegion>
: former brown coal mine “Fortuna-Garsdorf” near 
<collectingMunicipality id="3605ACC5C210FFDF34EFF8648A16D0BC" box="[424,537,1992,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">Bergheim</collectingMunicipality>
, west of 
<location id="D3016064C210FFDF37C4F8648AEAD0BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5E7787A9C212FFDF35CFF8EF8A0ADF75:D3016064C210FFDF37C4F8648AEAD0BC" box="[643,741,1992,2017]" country="Germany" municipality="Bergheim" name="Cologne" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" stateProvince="Nordrhein-Westfalen">Cologne</location>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="66B63CE2C210FFDF37B4F8648A0EDF75" collectionCode="J" collectorName="van der Burgh &amp; Palynology &amp; Utrecht &amp; Netherlands" country="Germany" location="Laboratory of Palaeobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" specimenCount="1">
early Pliocene: [UTR12003–2] to [UTR12003–45], collected by 
<collectionCode id="B0CFAE7AC210FFDF35E8F84788B2DF59" box="[175,189,2027,2052]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="2" pageNumber="190" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="7B2B5369C210FFDF358BF847897ADF59" box="[204,373,2027,2052]" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">van der Burgh</collectorName>
in the 1980s, repository: palaeobotanical collections of the 
<location id="D3016064C210FFDF3170F8478D77DF59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5E7787A9C212FFDF35CFF8EF8A0ADF75:D3016064C210FFDF3170F8478D77DF59" box="[1079,1400,2027,2052]" country="Germany" name="Laboratory of Palaeobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">Laboratory of Palaeobotany</location>
and 
<collectorName id="7B2B5369C210FFDF35CFF7A38906DF75" box="[136,265,2063,2088]" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">Palynology</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="7B2B5369C210FFDF3453F7A38964DF75" box="[276,363,2063,2088]" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">Utrecht</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="7B2B5369C210FFDF3431F7A38A0EDF75" box="[374,513,2063,2088]" pageId="2" pageNumber="190">Netherlands</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>