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<document id="0167F33B7A4F1C53E7CBEB74E8B0657A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.202788" ID-GBIF-Dataset="37c1b93e-9c92-45e1-a140-5fe4810c5b16" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="202788" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460345280563" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mlíkovský, Jiří" docDate="2011" docId="705B333B33791B5EFF38A726FF36F86C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03005p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3005" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Sturnus vulgaris subsp. intermedius Prazak" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="8C624B4333691B4EFFAFA53BFFC2FFC6" masterDocTitle="Nomenclatural and taxonomic status of bird taxa (Aves) described by an ornithological swindler, Josef Prokop Pražák (1870 1904)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1698261997212" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3AA50D538AAB5300BC50883FBD51F2FC">Nomenclatural and taxonomic status of bird taxa (Aves) described by an ornithological swindler, Josef Prokop Pražák (1870 1904)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="705B333B33791B5EFF38A726FF36F86C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6184177" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119407137" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6184177" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:705B333B33791B5EFF38A726FF36F86C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/705B333B33791B5EFF38A726FF36F86C" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<subSubSection id="B0E8D1A633791B5EFF38A726FD94FDF1" box="[151,598,541,567]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F84D822D33791B5EFF38A726FD94FDF1" blockId="16.[151,598,541,567]" box="[151,598,541,567]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<heading id="A305354133791B5EFF38A726FD94FDF1" bold="true" box="[151,598,541,567]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33791B5EFF38A726FD94FDF1" authority="Prazak" authorityName="Prazak" box="[151,598,541,567]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subSpecies="intermedius">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFF38A726FD94FDF1" bold="true" box="[151,598,541,567]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFF38A726FE37FDF1" bold="true" box="[151,501,541,567]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Sturnus vulgaris intermedius</emphasis>
Pražák
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0E8D1A633791B5EFF38A75FFB6CFB8C" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F84D822D33791B5EFF38A75FFD48FDBF" blockId="16.[151,650,611,634]" box="[151,650,611,634]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D8E2A50333791B5EFF38A75FFD48FDBF" box="[151,650,611,634]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33791B5EFF38A75FFD44FDBF" authority="Prazak, 1895c: 144" authorityName="Prazak" authorityPageNumber="144" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,646,611,634]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subSpecies="intermedius">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFF38A75FFE79FDBC" box="[151,443,612,634]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Sturnus vulgaris intermedius</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="7953A43C33791B5EFE6FA758FD44FDBF" author="Prazak" box="[448,646,611,633]" page="144" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" year="1895">
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33791B5EFE6FA758FD91FDBF" author="Prazak" box="[448,595,611,633]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1895 c) Ornithologische Notizen. I. (Systematisches). Ornithologische Monatsberichte, 3, 143 - 144." type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="c">Pražák, 1895c</bibRefCitation>
: 144
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F84D822D33791B5EFF38A79DFB9DFD78" blockId="16.[151,1437,678,1962]" box="[151,1119,678,703]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFF38A79DFF1AFD79" bold="true" box="[151,216,678,703]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">NOW.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33791B5EFF70A79CFD72FD78" ID-CoL="5LC6Q" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[223,688,678,702]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subSpecies="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFF70A79CFE3BFD78" box="[223,505,678,702]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
. See
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33791B5EFD44A79CFC7BFD78" author="Hartert" box="[747,953,678,702]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" refString="Hartert, E. (1903) Die Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna. Vol. 1 (Heft 1). R. Friedlander &amp; Sohn, Berlin, pp. i - xi, 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="1903">Hartert (1903: 41)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33791B5EFC6BA79DFB99FD78" author="Pateff" box="[964,1115,678,702]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" refString="Pateff, P. (1947) On the systematic position of the starlings inhabiting Bulgaria and the neighbouring countries. Ibis, 89, 494 - 507." type="journal article" year="1947">Pateff (1947)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F84D822D33791B5EFF6AA7F1FDC1FCEC" blockId="16.[151,1437,678,1962]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFF6AA7F1FEEEFD25" bold="true" box="[197,300,714,739]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33791B5EFF6AA7F1FEEAFD25" box="[197,296,714,739]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
NHMW uncatalogued (Tschusi 2938), 3, collected on
<date id="8C4CA4ED33791B5EFC31A7F1FBFEFD24" box="[926,1084,714,738]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" value="1883-03-03">3 March 1883</date>
at Hallein. Note that this is the only specimen (of those available in the NHMW), in which colors described by Pražák (violet head and kin vs. greenish ear coverts) are visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F84D822D33791B5EFF6AA60DFB62FC88" blockId="16.[151,1437,678,1962]" box="[197,1184,822,847]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFF6AA60DFEEEFC89" bold="true" box="[197,300,822,847]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33791B5EFF6AA60DFEEAFC89" box="[197,296,822,847]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
NHMW 63671 (Tschusi 2943), 3, collected on
<date id="8C4CA4ED33791B5EFCE5A60DFBE1FC88" box="[842,1059,822,846]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" value="1893-09-16">16 September 1893</date>
at Hallein.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F84D822D33791B5EFF6AA661FBA1FCB4" blockId="16.[151,1437,678,1962]" box="[197,1123,858,883]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFF6AA661FEEEFCB5" bold="true" box="[197,300,858,883]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33791B5EFF6AA661FEEAFCB5" box="[197,296,858,883]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
NHMW 63674 (Tschusi 2944), Ƥ, collected on
<date id="8C4CA4ED33791B5EFCE5A661FC25FCB4" box="[842,999,858,882]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" value="1883-03-03">3 March 1883</date>
at Hallein.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F84D822D33791B5EFF6AA645FBA1FC50" blockId="16.[151,1437,678,1962]" box="[197,1123,894,919]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFF6AA645FEEEFC51" bold="true" box="[197,300,894,919]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33791B5EFF6AA645FEEAFC51" box="[197,296,894,919]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
NHMW 63677 (Tschusi 2939), 3, collected on
<date id="8C4CA4ED33791B5EFCE5A645FC25FC50" box="[842,999,894,918]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" value="1883-03-03">3 March 1883</date>
at Hallein.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F84D822D33791B5EFF6AA699FB76FC7C" blockId="16.[151,1437,678,1962]" box="[197,1204,930,955]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFF6AA699FEEEFC7D" bold="true" box="[197,300,930,955]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33791B5EFF6AA699FEEAFC7D" box="[197,296,930,955]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
NHMW 63685 (Tschusi 2949), juv., collected on
<date id="8C4CA4ED33791B5EFCF1A699FBF5FC7C" box="[862,1079,930,954]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" value="1893-09-13">13 September 1893</date>
at Hallein.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F84D822D33791B5EFF6AA6FDFBB3FC18" blockId="16.[151,1437,678,1962]" box="[197,1137,966,991]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFF6AA6FDFEEEFC19" bold="true" box="[197,300,966,991]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33791B5EFF6AA6FDFEEAFC19" box="[197,296,966,991]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
NHMW 63688 (Tschusi 2945), Ƥ, collected on
<date id="8C4CA4ED33791B5EFCE5A6FDFC37FC18" box="[842,1013,966,990]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" value="1887-03-16">16 March 1887</date>
at Hallein.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F84D822D33791B5EFF6AA6D1FE89FBE0" blockId="16.[151,1437,678,1962]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFF6AA6D1FEEEFBC5" bold="true" box="[197,300,1002,1027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33791B5EFF6AA6D1FEEAFBC5" box="[197,296,1002,1027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
NHMW 63689 (Tschusi 2947), 3, collected on
<date id="8C4CA4ED33791B5EFCF8A6D1FC75FBC4" box="[855,951,1002,1026]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">3 March</date>
(not
<date id="8C4CA4ED33791B5EFC5AA6D1FB97FBC4" box="[1013,1109,1002,1026]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">8 March</date>
as written on a newer label) 1883 at Hallein.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F84D822D33791B5EFF6AA109FB6CFB8C" blockId="16.[151,1437,678,1962]" box="[197,1198,1074,1099]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFF6AA109FEEEFB8D" bold="true" box="[197,300,1074,1099]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33791B5EFF6AA109FEEAFB8D" box="[197,296,1074,1099]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
NHMW 63695 (Tschusi 2940), juv., collected on
<date id="8C4CA4ED33791B5EFCF1A109FBF0FB8C" box="[862,1074,1074,1098]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" value="1883-12-11">11 December 1883</date>
at Hallein.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0E8D1A633791B5EFF6AA16CFF36F86C" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F84D822D33791B5EFF6AA16CFC30F9D9" blockId="16.[151,1437,678,1962]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFF6AA16CFE8CFBA9" bold="true" box="[197,334,1110,1135]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33791B5EFF6AA16CFF3CFBA9" box="[197,254,1111,1135]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Type</typeStatus>
series.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33791B5EFEF7A16DFDB1FBA8" author="Prazak" box="[344,627,1110,1134]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1895 c) Ornithologische Notizen. I. (Systematisches). Ornithologische Monatsberichte, 3, 143 - 144." type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="c">Pražák (1895c: 143144)</bibRefCitation>
created his
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFD55A16DFCBCFBA8" box="[762,894,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">intermedius</emphasis>
“an Hand eines reichen Materials” ... “für unseren mittel-europäischen, in der Mitte zwischen
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33791B5EFD06A140FCC7FB55" box="[681,773,1147,1171]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFD06A140FCC7FB55" box="[681,773,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
und
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFC92A140FC69FB55" box="[829,939,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">menzbieri</emphasis>
stehenden Star” (“on the basis of rich material ... “for our Central European Starlings, which are intermediate between [
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33791B5EFC57A1A4FB72FB70" box="[1016,1200,1182,1206]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFC57A1A4FB72FB70" box="[1016,1200,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Sturnus vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33791B5EFB6DA1A5FADCFB70" box="[1218,1310,1182,1206]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFB6DA1A5FADCFB70" box="[1218,1310,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[Linnaeus, 1758] and [
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33791B5EFEB4A1F8FE16FB1D" box="[283,468,1219,1243]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFEB4A1F8FE16FB1D" box="[283,468,1219,1243]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Sturnus vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFE4AA1F8FD96FB1D" box="[485,596,1219,1243]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">menzbieri</emphasis>
[Sharpe, 1888]”). The
<collectionCode id="9EE31AE833791B5EFCF1A1F8FC78FB1C" box="[862,954,1219,1242]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">NHMW</collectionCode>
possesses eight specimens of
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33791B5EFABCA1F8FF13FB38" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFABCA1F8FF13FB38" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Sturnus vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
received from the VTH, all collected during
<date id="8C4CA4ED33791B5EFD66A1DDFC85FB38" box="[713,839,1254,1278]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" value="1883" valueMax="1893">18831893</date>
at Hallein,
<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33791B5EFC65A1DDFBDDFB38" box="[970,1055,1254,1278]" name="Austria" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Austria</collectingCountry>
, which are labeled as
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33791B5EFABAA1DCFE9FFAE5" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subSpecies="intermedius">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFABAA1DCFE9FFAE5" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Sturnus vulgaris intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on Tschusis old labels. I consider them as
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33791B5EFCFEA030FC71FAE5" box="[849,947,1291,1315]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33791B5EFC74A030FB55FAE5" box="[987,1175,1291,1315]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subSpecies="intermedius">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFC74A030FB55FAE5" box="[987,1175,1291,1315]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">S. v. intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The
<collectionCode id="9EE31AE833791B5EFB75A030FAF4FAE4" box="[1242,1334,1291,1314]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">NHMW</collectionCode>
contains also three juvenile starlings (in unspotted brown spring-summer plumage) collected during
<date id="8C4CA4ED33791B5EFB09A015FAE6FA80" box="[1190,1316,1326,1350]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" value="1885" valueMax="1893">18851893</date>
at Hallein (
<collectionCode id="9EE31AE833791B5EFF31A069FF3EFAAC" box="[158,252,1362,1386]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">NHMW</collectionCode>
63687, 63692 and 63693). They were originally labeled only as
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33791B5EFC47A068FB63FAAD" box="[1000,1185,1363,1387]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFC47A068FB63FAAD" box="[1000,1185,1363,1387]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Sturnus vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while the subspecies name
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFF73A04DFEA2FA48" box="[220,352,1398,1422]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">intermedius</emphasis>
was added only later (in red ink). These specimens were probably available to Pražák, but I do not consider them
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33791B5EFEC8A0A0FE0BFA75" box="[359,457,1435,1459]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33791B5EFE40A0A0FD6BFA75" box="[495,681,1435,1459]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subSpecies="intermedius">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFE40A0A0FD6BFA75" box="[495,681,1435,1459]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">S. v. intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, because Pražák made no mention of juvenile birds in their springsummer plumage in the description of the species (
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33791B5EFD46A085FC45FA10" author="Prazak" box="[745,903,1470,1494]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1895 c) Ornithologische Notizen. I. (Systematisches). Ornithologische Monatsberichte, 3, 143 - 144." type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="c">Pražák 1895c</bibRefCitation>
) and the original lack of
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFB1BA085FAFBFA10" box="[1204,1337,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">intermedius</emphasis>
on their labels indicates that he did not identify them as
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33791B5EFD1BA0D8FCAFFA3D" box="[692,877,1507,1531]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subSpecies="intermedius">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFD1BA0D8FCAFFA3D" box="[692,877,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">S. v. intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There is no evidence that
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33791B5EFB0FA0D9FA89FA3C" author="Prazak" box="[1184,1355,1506,1530]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1895 c) Ornithologische Notizen. I. (Systematisches). Ornithologische Monatsberichte, 3, 143 - 144." type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="c">Pražák (1895c)</bibRefCitation>
identified as
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33791B5EFF47A33CFE63F9D8" box="[232,417,1542,1567]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subSpecies="intermedius">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFF47A33CFE63F9D8" box="[232,417,1542,1567]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">S. v. intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
more specimens than those listed above as
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33791B5EFC27A33CFC2CF9D9" box="[904,1006,1543,1567]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F84D822D33791B5EFF6AA311FB6AF930" blockId="16.[151,1437,678,1962]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33791B5EFF6AA311FE6AF984" author="Prazak" box="[197,424,1578,1602]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1895 c) Ornithologische Notizen. I. (Systematisches). Ornithologische Monatsberichte, 3, 143 - 144." type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="c">Pražák (1895c: 144)</bibRefCitation>
described the occurrence of his
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33791B5EFCBAA310FC0CF985" box="[789,974,1579,1603]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subSpecies="intermedius">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFCBAA310FC0CF985" box="[789,974,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">S. v. intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as follows: “Diese Form [....] ist die einzige, die in
<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33791B5EFEB3A375FEB9F9A0" box="[284,379,1614,1638]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Böhmen</collectingCountry>
vorkommt; ähnliche Vögel sah ich auch aus Mähren, Oest.-Schlesien, Nieder-Österreich und Galizien.” (“This form [...] is the only one which occurs in
<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33791B5EFC9EA349FC58F94C" box="[817,922,1650,1674]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Bohemia</collectingCountry>
; I saw similar birds also in Moravia, Austrian Silesia, Lower
<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33791B5EFEEEA3ADFE56F968" box="[321,404,1686,1710]" name="Austria" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Austria</collectingCountry>
and [Austrian] Galicia.”). However, all known
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33791B5EFC01A3ACFBD2F969" box="[942,1040,1687,1711]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33791B5EFB98A3ACFB33F968" box="[1079,1265,1686,1711]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subSpecies="intermedius">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFB98A3ACFB33F968" box="[1079,1265,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">S. v. intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected at Hallein, Salzburg State,
<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33791B5EFE6DA381FDD7F914" box="[450,533,1722,1746]" name="Austria" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Austria</collectingCountry>
[
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,
<geoCoordinate id="9DC6E4EA33791B5EFD3EA381FD31F914" box="[657,755,1722,1746]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" precision="555" value="13.1">13.10°E</geoCoordinate>
]. I thus restrict here the
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33791B5EFC50A380FBEDF915" box="[1023,1071,1723,1747]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">type</typeStatus>
locality of this form to the latter place.
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33791B5EFF4FA3E5FE6FF930" author="Pateff" box="[224,429,1758,1782]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" refString="Pateff, P. (1947) On the systematic position of the starlings inhabiting Bulgaria and the neighbouring countries. Ibis, 89, 494 - 507." type="journal article" year="1947">Pateff (1947: 496)</bibRefCitation>
incorrectly said that
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33791B5EFD36A3E4FC93F930" box="[665,849,1758,1783]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subSpecies="intermedius">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFD36A3E4FC93F930" box="[665,849,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">S. v. intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from
<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33791B5EFB94A3E5FB66F930" box="[1083,1188,1758,1782]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Bohemia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F84D822D33791B5EFF6AA238FF36F86C" blockId="16.[151,1437,678,1962]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33791B5EFF6AA238FE59F8DC" author="Harms" box="[197,411,1794,1818]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" refString="Harms, M. (1897) [Review and partial translation of Bianki 1896]. Ornithologische Monatsberichte, 5, 162 - 169. [In German.]" type="journal article" year="1897">Härms (1897: 166)</bibRefCitation>
argued that
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33791B5EFD86A238FC43F8DC" authority="Prazak, 1896" authorityName="Prazak" authorityYear="1896" box="[553,897,1794,1819]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subSpecies="intermedius">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFD86A238FD21F8DD" box="[553,739,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">S. v. intermedius</emphasis>
Pražák, 1896
</taxonomicName>
, represents a valid taxon and synonymized
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33791B5EFAC1A238FE4AF8F8" authority="Bianki, 1896" authorityName="Bianki" authorityYear="1896" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" variety="sophiae">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFAC1A238FF2CF8F8" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">S. v. sophiae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33791B5EFF5AA21DFE4AF8F8" author="Bianki" box="[245,392,1830,1854]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" refString="Bianki, V. (1896) O dvuh &quot; novyh &quot; dla russkoj fauny vidah &quot; ptic &quot; [On two bird species new for the Russian fauna]. Ezegodnik &quot; Zoologi c eskago Muzea Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk', 1, 126 - 136. [In Russian.]" type="journal article" year="1896">Bianki, 1896</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, with it. Also
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33791B5EFD8AA21DFCCEF8F8" author="Buturlin" box="[549,780,1830,1854]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" refString="Buturlin, S. A. (1904) Uber neue Formen der echten Stare. Ornithologisches Jahrbuch, 15, 205 - 213." type="journal article" year="1904">Buturlin (1904: 207)</bibRefCitation>
accepted Pražáks
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFC4EA21DFBA7F8F8" box="[993,1125,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">intermedius</emphasis>
as valid.
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33791B5EFB7EA21CFA5EF8F8" author="Hartert" box="[1233,1436,1830,1854]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" refString="Hartert, E. (1903) Die Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna. Vol. 1 (Heft 1). R. Friedlander &amp; Sohn, Berlin, pp. i - xi, 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="1903">Hartert (1903: 42)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33791B5EFF63A271FEA7F8A4" author="Pateff" box="[204,357,1866,1890]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" refString="Pateff, P. (1947) On the systematic position of the starlings inhabiting Bulgaria and the neighbouring countries. Ibis, 89, 494 - 507." type="journal article" year="1947">Pateff (1947)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33791B5EFDBCA270FC7AF8A4" authority="Prazak" authorityName="Prazak" box="[531,952,1866,1891]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subSpecies="intermedius">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFDBCA270FCA2F8A5" box="[531,864,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Sturnus vulgaris intermedius</emphasis>
Pražák
</taxonomicName>
with the nominotypical
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33791B5EFB70A270FE6FF840" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subSpecies="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFB70A270FF31F840" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
(see also
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33791B5EFD8AA255FD26F840" author="Folk" box="[549,740,1902,1927]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" refString="Folk, C., Havlin, J. &amp; Hudec, K. (1965) Rozmery, vaha a zbarveni spacka obecneho stredoevropskeho, Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris L., 1758, z Ceskoslovenska [Dimensions, weight and coloration of European Starling, Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris L., 1758, from Czechoslovakia]. Zoologicke Listy, 14, 143 - 150. [In Czech.]" type="journal article" year="1965">
Folk
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33791B5EFDCCA24BFD55F840" box="[611,663,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
. 1965
</bibRefCitation>
). My re-examination of the
<collectionCode id="9EE31AE833791B5EFB82A254FB4BF840" box="[1069,1161,1903,1926]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">NHMW</collectionCode>
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33791B5EFB3CA254FB37F841" box="[1171,1269,1903,1927]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
supports their opinion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>