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<document id="57E93FFABC42960E0174C7F164C346B6" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.202788" ID-GBIF-Dataset="37c1b93e-9c92-45e1-a140-5fe4810c5b16" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="202788" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460345280563" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mlíkovský, Jiří" docDate="2011" docId="705B333B33671B40FF38A5ACFCA4F8AF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03005p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3005" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Poecile cincta subsp. alascensis Prazak" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="8C624B4333691B4EFFAFA53BFFC2FFC6" masterDocTitle="Nomenclatural and taxonomic status of bird taxa (Aves) described by an ornithological swindler, Josef Prokop Pražák (1870 1904)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1698261997212" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0D18B7A2E4C2C49D5B34CBF80BAA248D">Nomenclatural and taxonomic status of bird taxa (Aves) described by an ornithological swindler, Josef Prokop Pražák (1870 1904)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="705B333B33671B40FF38A5ACFCA4F8AF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6184169" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119407155" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6184169" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:705B333B33671B40FF38A5ACFCA4F8AF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/705B333B33671B40FF38A5ACFCA4F8AF" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">
<subSubSection id="B0E8D1A633671B40FF38A5ACFDE3FF77" box="[151,545,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F84D822D33671B40FF38A5ACFDE3FF77" blockId="14.[151,545,151,177]" box="[151,545,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">
<heading id="A305354133671B40FF38A5ACFDE3FF77" bold="true" box="[151,545,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FF38A5ACFDE3FF77" authority="Prazak" authorityName="Prazak" box="[151,545,151,177]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Poecile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cincta" subSpecies="alascensis">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FF38A5ACFDE3FF77" bold="true" box="[151,545,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FF38A5ACFE02FF77" bold="true" box="[151,448,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">Poecile cincta alascensis</emphasis>
Pražák
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0E8D1A633671B40FF38A5E4FE42FD03" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F84D822D33671B40FF38A5E4FD98FF32" blockId="14.[151,602,222,245]" box="[151,602,222,245]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D8E2A50333671B40FF38A5E4FD98FF32" box="[151,602,222,245]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FF38A5E4FD95FF32" authority="Prazak, 1895b: 92" authorityName="Prazak" authorityPageNumber="92" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,599,222,245]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Poecile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cincta" subSpecies="alascensis">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FF38A5E4FE57FF33" box="[151,405,223,245]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">Poecile cincta alascensis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="7953A43C33671B40FE33A5E5FD95FF32" author="Prazak" box="[412,599,222,244]" page="92" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" year="1895">
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FE33A5E5FDF3FF32" author="Prazak" box="[412,561,222,244]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1895 b) Versuch einer Monographie der palaarktischen Sumpfmeisen (Poecile Kaup). Ornithologisches Jahrbuch, 6, 8 - 59, 65 - 99." type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="b">Pražák, 1895b</bibRefCitation>
: 92
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F84D822D33671B40FF38A41BFEE0FE9B" blockId="14.[151,1437,288,1897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FF38A41BFF1AFEFF" bold="true" box="[151,216,288,313]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">NOW.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FF70A419FDBFFEFF" authority="Stephens, 1817" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1817" box="[223,637,289,313]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cintus" subSpecies="lathami">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FF70A419FE0AFEFF" box="[223,456,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">Parus cintus lathami</emphasis>
Stephens, 1817
</taxonomicName>
. See
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FD18A41AFC04FEFF" author="Stresemann" box="[695,966,289,313]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Stresemann, E. (1949) Birds collected in the North Pacific area during Capt. James Cook's last voyage (1778 and 1779). Ibis, 91, 244 - 255." type="journal article" year="1949">Stresemann (1949: 252)</bibRefCitation>
, AOU Committee (1952: 311),
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FA86A41AFEDFFE9B" author="Dickinson" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Dickinson, E. C. (2003) The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 3 rd rev. ed. Christopher Helm, London, 1039 pp." type="book" year="2003">Dickinson (2003: 528)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F84D822D33671B40FF6AA452FD0FFE2B" blockId="14.[151,1437,288,1897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FF6AA452FEF9FE47" bold="true" box="[197,315,361,385]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33671B40FF6AA452FEF9FE47" box="[197,315,361,385]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(designated by
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FE44A452FD5AFE47" author="Hellmayr" box="[491,664,361,385]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Hellmayr, C. E. (1934) Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands. Part VII. Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series, 13, i - vi, 1 - 531." type="journal article" year="1934">Hellmayr 1934</bibRefCitation>
: 77, footnote): specimen collected by Lucien M. Turner (
<date id="8C4CA4ED33671B40FABCA452FA56FE47" box="[1299,1428,361,385]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" value="1848" valueMax="1909">18481909</date>
) in
<date id="8C4CA4ED33671B40FF17A4B6FEA2FE63" box="[184,352,397,421]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" value="1876-02">February 1876</date>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FEDDA4B6FD82FE63" author="Turner" box="[370,576,397,421]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Turner, L. M. (1886) Contributions to the Natural History of Alaska. [US] Senate, Washington, DC, 225 pp." type="book" year="1886">Turner 1886: 182</bibRefCitation>
) at “St. Michaels, Norton Sound, Alaska” [= St. Michael, Alaska,
<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33671B40FAF3A4B6FA5AFE63" box="[1372,1432,397,421]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">USA</collectingCountry>
;
<geoCoordinate id="9DC6E4EA33671B40FF38A48AFF3AFE0F" box="[151,248,433,457]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" precision="555" value="63.48">63.48°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9DC6E4EA33671B40FEA9A48AFEB9FE0F" box="[262,379,433,457]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" precision="555" value="-162.04">162.04°W</geoCoordinate>
] and figured by
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FD91A489FCF1FE0F" author="Turner" box="[574,819,433,457]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Turner, L. M. (1886) Contributions to the Natural History of Alaska. [US] Senate, Washington, DC, 225 pp." type="book" year="1886">Turner (1886, pl. 10)</bibRefCitation>
. This specimen was not mentioned among specimens USNM received from Turner (
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FE43A4EEFD02FE2B" author="Ridgway" box="[492,704,469,493]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Ridgway, R. (1878) Three additions to the avifauna of North America. Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, 3, 37 - 38." type="journal article" year="1878">Ridgway 1878: 37</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F84D822D33671B40FF6AA4C2FE42FD03" blockId="14.[151,1437,288,1897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FF6AA4C2FEB3FDD7" bold="true" box="[197,369,505,529]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33671B40FF6AA4C2FEAEFDD7" box="[197,364,505,529]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
NHMW 65141 (formerly NHMW 1839.XIV.23), unsexed, collected by an unknown person [= Friedrich Heinrich von Kittlitz (
<date id="8C4CA4ED33671B40FE53A726FDBFFDF3" box="[508,637,541,565]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" value="1799" valueMax="1874">17991874</date>
) see
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FD64A726FC98FDF3" author="Brandt" box="[715,858,541,565]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Brandt, J. F. von (1891) Ueber die Vogelfauna der Aleuten, Kurilen und der russisch-amerikanischen Colonien. Journal fur Ornithologie, 39, 235 - 271. [From bequested notes edited by H. Schalow.]" type="journal article" year="1891">Brandt 1891</bibRefCitation>
: 255] on an unknown date [=
<date id="8C4CA4ED33671B40FB08A726FA5EFDF3" box="[1191,1436,541,565]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" value="1827-06-24" valueMax="1827-07-31" valueMin="1827-06-24">24 June31 July 1827</date>
see Kittlitz 1836: 266] on “Sitcha” [= Sitka, Baranof Island, Alaska,
<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33671B40FC67A77AFBC6FD9F" box="[968,1028,577,601]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">USA</collectingCountry>
;
<geoCoordinate id="9DC6E4EA33671B40FBBEA77AFBB0FD9F" box="[1041,1138,577,601]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" precision="555" value="57.05">57.05°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9DC6E4EA33671B40FBD0A77AFB3AFD9F" box="[1151,1272,577,601]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" precision="555" value="-135.32">135.32°W</geoCoordinate>
]. The NHMW received this specimen from the ZIN in 1839. This specimen was originally identified as
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FBDBA75DFAE0FDBB" ID-CoL="6J9Z" authority="Sibiricus" authorityName="Sibiricus" box="[1140,1314,613,637]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FBDBA75DFAE0FDBB" box="[1140,1314,613,637]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">Parus Sibiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
? var. (ZIN label), being later re-identified as
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FD89A7B1FCFFFD67" ID-CoL="76587" authority="Towns." authorityName="Towns." box="[550,829,649,673]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FD89A7B1FD1CFD67" box="[550,734,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">Parus rufescens</emphasis>
Towns.
</taxonomicName>
, and still later as
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FBBCA7B1FA59FD67" ID-CoL="76587" authority="Towns." authorityName="Towns." box="[1043,1435,649,673]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="rufescens" subSpecies="rufescens">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FBBCA7B1FA82FD67" box="[1043,1344,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">Parus rufescens rufescens</emphasis>
Towns.
</taxonomicName>
(NHMW label data).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0E8D1A633671B40FF6AA7E9FCA4F8AF" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F84D822D33671B40FF6AA7E9FE31FBEB" blockId="14.[151,1437,288,1897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FF6AA7E9FEFBFD2C" bold="true" box="[197,313,722,746]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FEEFA7EAFDDAFD2F" author="Prazak" box="[320,536,721,745]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1895 b) Versuch einer Monographie der palaarktischen Sumpfmeisen (Poecile Kaup). Ornithologisches Jahrbuch, 6, 8 - 59, 65 - 99." type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="b">Pražák (1895b: 92)</bibRefCitation>
described this form as a “
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FC91A7EAFC6EFD2F" box="[830,940,721,745]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" rank="variety" variety="nova">var. nova</taxonomicName>
”, stating on p. 93 that “Ich wage es mit diesem geringen Materiale nicht, eine neue Subspecies aufzustellen, glaube aber, dass die von Ochotsk und Kamtschatka angeführten
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FE24A621FDD1FCF7" box="[395,531,793,817]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FE24A621FDD1FCF7" box="[395,531,793,817]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">P. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
eigentlich die hier erwähnten Vögel sein dürften”. (“I hesitate to create a new subspecies on the basis of such a meager material, but I believe that specimens from Ohotsk and Kamchatka listed as
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FF1AA659FEF8FCBF" box="[181,314,865,889]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FF1AA659FEF8FCBF" box="[181,314,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">P. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may represent the form mentioned here.”) Herewith Pražák explicitly stated that he created
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FA92A65AFF77FC5B" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">alascensis</emphasis>
as an infrasubspecific name, which has no standing in zoological nomenclature (Art. 10.2 of the Code; see also
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FF38A692FE50FC07" author="Dickinson" box="[151,402,937,961]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Dickinson, E. C., Loskot, V. M., Morioka, H., Somadikarta, S. &amp; van den Elzen, R. (2006) Systematic notes on Asian birds. 50. Types of the Aegithalidae, Remizidae and Paridae. Zoologische Mededelingen, 80 - 5, 60 - 111." type="journal article" year="2006">
Dickinson
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FEBCA691FE84FC07" box="[275,326,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
: 73, footnote). However,
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FD17A692FC54FC07" author="Grinnell" box="[696,918,937,961]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Grinnell, J. (1900) Birds of the Kotzebue Sound region. Pacific Coast Avifauna, 1, 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="1900">Grinnell (1900: 59)</bibRefCitation>
used Pražáks infrasubspecific name for a tit subspecies, being followed e.g. by
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FD87A6F6FCDFFC23" author="Ridgway" box="[552,797,973,997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Ridgway, R. (1904) The birds of North and Middle America. Part 3. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 50 (3): iii - xx, 1 - 801." type="journal article" year="1904">Ridgway (1904: 411)</bibRefCitation>
, AOU Committee (1910: 351) and
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FB1AA6F6FAAFFC23" author="Hellmayr" box="[1205,1389,973,997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Hellmayr, C. E. (1911) Fam. Paridae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed), Genera avium. Part 16. V. Verteneuil &amp; L. Desmet, Brussels." type="book" year="1911">Hellmayr (1911</bibRefCitation>
: 37, 1934: 77). Due to Grinnells (1900) action, and following the provisions of Art. 45.6.4.1 of the Code,
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FAA0A6CAFA40FBCF" box="[1295,1410,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">alascensis</emphasis>
is available from
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FEEFA12EFE2DFBEB" author="Prazak" box="[320,495,1045,1069]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1895 b) Versuch einer Monographie der palaarktischen Sumpfmeisen (Poecile Kaup). Ornithologisches Jahrbuch, 6, 8 - 59, 65 - 99." type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="b">Pražák (1895b)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F84D822D33671B40FF6AA102FAB9F957" blockId="14.[151,1437,288,1897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FF6AA102FDD4FB97" author="Hellmayr" box="[197,534,1081,1105]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Hellmayr, C. E. (1934) Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands. Part VII. Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series, 13, i - vi, 1 - 531." type="journal article" year="1934">Hellmayr (1934: 77, footnote)</bibRefCitation>
believed that Pražák “probably never examined a specimen himself” and that he based his account solely on the figure in
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FDC0A165FCA0FBB3" author="Turner" box="[623,866,1117,1141]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Turner, L. M. (1886) Contributions to the Natural History of Alaska. [US] Senate, Washington, DC, 225 pp." type="book" year="1886">Turner (1886, pl. 10)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FCC0A166FB8BFBB3" author="Prazak" box="[879,1097,1117,1141]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1895 b) Versuch einer Monographie der palaarktischen Sumpfmeisen (Poecile Kaup). Ornithologisches Jahrbuch, 6, 8 - 59, 65 - 99." type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="b">Pražák (1895b: 92)</bibRefCitation>
indeed referred to a figure in Turners
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FF53A1BAFE5AFB5F" box="[252,408,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">Contributions</emphasis>
[=
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FE10A1B9FD8EFB5F" author="Turner" box="[447,588,1153,1177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Turner, L. M. (1886) Contributions to the Natural History of Alaska. [US] Senate, Washington, DC, 225 pp." type="book" year="1886">Turner 1886</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 10], but also presented measurements of a specimen from “Alaska” and a specimen from “Ochotsk”, adding (p. 93) that also a bird or birds from “Kamtschatka” listed as
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FABBA19DFA5EFB7B" box="[1300,1436,1189,1213]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FABBA19DFA5EFB7B" box="[1300,1436,1189,1213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">P. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belong in his
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FE81A1F2FE63FB27" box="[302,417,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">alascensis</emphasis>
. I was not able to find any specimens or references mentioning
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FBC4A1F1FAC1FB27" box="[1131,1283,1226,1249]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinctus">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FBC4A1F1FAC1FB27" box="[1131,1283,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">Parus cinctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and/or
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FAF6A1F1FEC3FAC3" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FAF6A1F1FEC3FAC3" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">Parus rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Kamchatka (see also
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FD95A1D6FD2AFAC3" author="Hellmayr" box="[570,744,1261,1285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Hellmayr, C. E. (1934) Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands. Part VII. Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series, 13, i - vi, 1 - 531." type="journal article" year="1934">Hellmayr 1934</bibRefCitation>
: 77, footnote), but in reporting that
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FB2DA1D5FAECFAC3" box="[1154,1326,1261,1285]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Poecile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cincta" subSpecies="alascensis">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FB2DA1D5FAECFAC3" box="[1154,1326,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">P. c. alascensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs at Ohotsk
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FF40A02AFE33FAEF" author="Prazak" box="[239,497,1297,1321]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1895 b) Versuch einer Monographie der palaarktischen Sumpfmeisen (Poecile Kaup). Ornithologisches Jahrbuch, 6, 8 - 59, 65 - 99." type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="b">Pražák (1895b: 9293)</bibRefCitation>
may have been inspired by
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FC81A02AFBD8FAEF" author="Lundahl" box="[814,1050,1297,1321]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Lundahl, C. (1848) Anmarkningar om tvenne med Parus sibiricus Gmel. forvexlade mes-arter [Remarks on two tit species confused with Parus sibiricus Gmel.]. Notiser ur Sallskapets pro Fauna et Flora Fennica Forhandlingar, 1, 1 - 6. [In Swedish.]" type="journal article" year="1848">Lundahl (1848: 56)</bibRefCitation>
, who described
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FB7FA029FA5EFAEF" box="[1232,1436,1297,1321]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FB7FA029FA5EFAEF" box="[1232,1436,1297,1321]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">Parus ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of some
<specimenCount id="EEF449A433671B40FE29A00EFDDDFA8B" box="[390,543,1333,1357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" type="generic">30 specimens</specimenCount>
collected by Reinhold Ferdinand Sahlberg (
<date id="8C4CA4ED33671B40FBBEA00EFB52FA8B" box="[1041,1168,1333,1357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" value="1811" valueMax="1874">18111874</date>
) at Ohotsk and Sitka in
<date id="8C4CA4ED33671B40FF38A062FF3BFAB7" box="[151,249,1369,1393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" value="1839" valueMax="1841">183941</date>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FE95A062FE15FAB7" author="Renvall" box="[314,471,1369,1393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Renvall, R. A. (1869) Biografiska anteckningar ofver det Finska Universitetets larare, embets- och tjansteman, fran det flyttning till Helsigfors ar 1828 till nuvarande tid [Biographical notes on the teachers, directors and employees of the Finish University from its moving to Helsinki till the present time]. Finska Litteratursalskapets Tryckeri, Helsigfors [= Helsinki], xxiv + 248 pp. [In Swedish.]" type="book" year="1869">Renvall 1869</bibRefCitation>
: 175176). Their current deposition is unknown.
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FBBAA062FAD9FAB7" author="Prazak" box="[1045,1307,1369,1393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1895 b) Versuch einer Monographie der palaarktischen Sumpfmeisen (Poecile Kaup). Ornithologisches Jahrbuch, 6, 8 - 59, 65 - 99." type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="b">Pražák (1895b: 8889)</bibRefCitation>
cited Lundahl's (1848) paper in connection with
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FDE3A045FC7CFA53" authority="Lundahl, 1848" authorityName="Lundahl" authorityYear="1848" box="[588,958,1405,1429]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lapponicus">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FDE3A045FCD3FA53" box="[588,785,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">Parus lapponicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FCB7A046FC7CFA53" author="Lundahl" box="[792,958,1405,1429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Lundahl, C. (1848) Anmarkningar om tvenne med Parus sibiricus Gmel. forvexlade mes-arter [Remarks on two tit species confused with Parus sibiricus Gmel.]. Notiser ur Sallskapets pro Fauna et Flora Fennica Forhandlingar, 1, 1 - 6. [In Swedish.]" type="journal article" year="1848">Lundahl, 1848</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but omitted (intentionally?) any reference to
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FF1BA09AFEA1FA7F" author="Lundahl" box="[180,355,1441,1465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Lundahl, C. (1848) Anmarkningar om tvenne med Parus sibiricus Gmel. forvexlade mes-arter [Remarks on two tit species confused with Parus sibiricus Gmel.]. Notiser ur Sallskapets pro Fauna et Flora Fennica Forhandlingar, 1, 1 - 6. [In Swedish.]" type="journal article" year="1848">Lundahl (1848)</bibRefCitation>
when he described his
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FDC5A09AFC41FA7F" box="[618,899,1441,1465]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Poecile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cincta" subSpecies="alascensis">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FDC5A09AFC41FA7F" box="[618,899,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">Poecile cincta alascensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FC3DA09AFB45FA7F" author="Prazak" box="[914,1159,1441,1465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1895 b) Versuch einer Monographie der palaarktischen Sumpfmeisen (Poecile Kaup). Ornithologisches Jahrbuch, 6, 8 - 59, 65 - 99." type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="b">Pražák 1895b: 9293</bibRefCitation>
). The absence of a reference prevents Lundahls specimens from being parts of the
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33671B40FC95A0FDFCA8FA18" box="[826,874,1478,1502]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">type</typeStatus>
series upon which
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FBE8A0FEFB31FA1B" author="Prazak" box="[1095,1267,1477,1501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1895 b) Versuch einer Monographie der palaarktischen Sumpfmeisen (Poecile Kaup). Ornithologisches Jahrbuch, 6, 8 - 59, 65 - 99." type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="b">Pražák (1895b)</bibRefCitation>
based his
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FAC3A0FDFEC8F9C7" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Poecile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cincta" subSpecies="alascensis">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FAC3A0FDFEC8F9C7" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">P. c. alascensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Nevertheless, the NHMW possessed a specimen of
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FCD5A0D1FBF0F9C7" box="[890,1074,1513,1537]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FCD5A0D1FBF0F9C7" box="[890,1074,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">Parus rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Alaska at the time when Pražák studied its tit collections (NHMW 65141) and it is likely that he examined it. Pražáks
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FB69A336FF24F98F" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Poecile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cincta" subSpecies="alascensis">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FB69A336FF24F98F" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">Poecile cincta alascensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was thus based on two
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33671B40FE5CA309FD97F98C" box="[499,597,1586,1610]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
listed above. Hellmayrs (1934: 77, footnote) opinion that
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FB40A30AFA5EF98F" author="Prazak" box="[1263,1436,1585,1609]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1895 b) Versuch einer Monographie der palaarktischen Sumpfmeisen (Poecile Kaup). Ornithologisches Jahrbuch, 6, 8 - 59, 65 - 99." type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="b">Pražák (1895b)</bibRefCitation>
based
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FF72A36DFE45F9AB" box="[221,391,1621,1645]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Poecile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cincta" subSpecies="alascensis">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FF72A36DFE45F9AB" box="[221,391,1621,1645]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">P. c. alascensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
solely on the figure in
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FD24A36DFCEAF9AB" author="Turner" box="[651,808,1621,1645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Turner, L. M. (1886) Contributions to the Natural History of Alaska. [US] Senate, Washington, DC, 225 pp." type="book" year="1886">Turner (1886)</bibRefCitation>
has the power of designating the bird figured by
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33671B40FAFFA36DFF23F957" author="Turner" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" refString="Turner, L. M. (1886) Contributions to the Natural History of Alaska. [US] Senate, Washington, DC, 225 pp." type="book" year="1886">Turner (1886)</bibRefCitation>
as the
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33671B40FE9FA342FE55F957" box="[304,407,1657,1681]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(Art. 74.6 of the Code). Herewith, the specimen NHMW 65141 became a
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33671B40FB73A342FAB5F957" box="[1244,1399,1657,1681]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F84D822D33671B40FF6AA3A6FF21F93B" blockId="14.[151,1437,288,1897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">
Hellmayrs (1934: 77, footnote) lectotypification of the Turner bird solved the taxonomic identity of
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FA97A3A5FF24F91F" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Poecile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cincta" subSpecies="alascensis">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FA97A3A5FF24F91F" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">P. c. alascensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and automatically restricted its
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33671B40FDCDA3F9FD50F91C" box="[610,658,1730,1754]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">type</typeStatus>
locality to “St. Michael, Norton Sound, Alaska” (Art. 76.2 of the Code).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F84D822D33671B40FF6AA232FCA4F8AF" blockId="14.[151,1437,288,1897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">
Kittlitz (1836: 268, 1858: 200) named the chickadee of Sitka
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33671B40FC2AA231FBFCF8E7" box="[901,1086,1801,1825]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sitchensis">
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FC2AA231FBFCF8E7" box="[901,1086,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">Parus sitchensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this is a nomen nudum in both cases (no description or indication). Accordingly, the specimen NHMW 65141, although collected by Kittlitz, has no name-bearing function with respect to Kittlitzs
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33671B40FCAFA26AFC9DF8AF" box="[768,863,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">sitkensis</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>