169 lines
18 KiB
XML
169 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="188745A5405917FCCC5D9DF78A9129E1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.202788" ID-GBIF-Dataset="37c1b93e-9c92-45e1-a140-5fe4810c5b16" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="202788" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460345280563" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mlíkovský, Jiří" docDate="2011" docId="705B333B33641B43FF38A71FFC79FA8B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03005p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3005" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Parus major subsp. newtoni Prazak" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="8C624B4333691B4EFFAFA53BFFC2FFC6" masterDocTitle="Nomenclatural and taxonomic status of bird taxa (Aves) described by an ornithological swindler, Josef Prokop Pražák (1870 – 1904)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1698261997212" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="452073F34C9EA8CCB12BA45B282E2492">Nomenclatural and taxonomic status of bird taxa (Aves) described by an ornithological swindler, Josef Prokop Pražák (1870 – 1904)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="63272C078A02DE872CFC24F51677F4FA">Mlíkovský, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="59AC9FEA7071E893DCA6023D7A46E6FE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="30451ECBFC85563A34BB8FC3D38A0275">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="705B333B33641B43FF38A71FFC79FA8B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6184165" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119407161" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6184165" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:705B333B33641B43FF38A71FFC79FA8B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/705B333B33641B43FF38A71FFC79FA8B" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection id="B0E8D1A633641B43FF38A71FFE34FDFB" box="[151,502,547,574]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F84D822D33641B43FF38A71FFE34FDFB" blockId="13.[151,502,547,574]" box="[151,502,547,574]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">
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<heading id="A305354133641B43FF38A71FFE34FDFB" bold="true" box="[151,502,547,574]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33641B43FF38A71FFE34FDFB" ID-CoL="5K8L5" authority="Prazak" authorityName="Prazak" box="[151,502,547,574]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="major" subSpecies="newtoni">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33641B43FF38A71FFE34FDFB" bold="true" box="[151,502,547,574]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33641B43FF38A71FFE57FDF8" bold="true" box="[151,405,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">Parus major newtoni</emphasis>
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Pražák
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B0E8D1A633641B43FF38A750FC1AFD2F" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="F84D822D33641B43FF38A750FDF8FD46" blockId="13.[151,570,618,640]" box="[151,570,618,640]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="D8E2A50333641B43FF38A750FDF8FD46" box="[151,570,618,640]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33641B43FF38A750FDF4FD46" ID-CoL="5K8L5" authority="Prazak, 1894f: 239" authorityName="Prazak" authorityPageNumber="239" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,566,618,640]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="major" subSpecies="newtoni">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33641B43FF38A750FEAFFD46" box="[151,365,619,640]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">Parus major newtoni</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="7953A43C33641B43FEDCA751FDF4FD46" author="Prazak" box="[371,566,618,640]" page="239" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" year="1894">
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33641B43FEDCA751FDC1FD46" author="Prazak" box="[371,515,618,640]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1894 f) Einige Notizen uber die Kohl-, Hauben- und Blaumeisen. Ornithologisches Jahrbuch, 5, 233 - 253." type="journal article" year="1894" yearSuffix="f">Pražák, 1894f</bibRefCitation>
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: 239
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F84D822D33641B43FF38A796FC1AFD2F" blockId="13.[151,1437,685,1357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33641B43FF38A796FF1AFD03" bold="true" box="[151,216,685,710]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">NOW.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33641B43FF4DA795FDB4FD03" ID-CoL="5K8L5" authority="Prazak, 1894" authorityName="Prazak" authorityYear="1894" box="[226,630,685,709]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="major" subSpecies="newtoni">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33641B43FF4DA795FE16FD03" box="[226,468,686,709]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">Parus major newtoni</emphasis>
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Pražák, 1894
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</taxonomicName>
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. See
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33641B43FD19A795FC97FD03" author="Hartert" box="[694,853,685,709]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" refString="Hartert, E. (1905) Die Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna. Vol. 1 (Heft 3). R. Friedlander & Sohn, Berlin, pp. 241 - 384." type="journal article" year="1905">Hartert (1905</bibRefCitation>
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: 343, 1907b: 213),
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33641B43FB96A796FB33FD03" author="Harrison" box="[1081,1265,685,709]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" refString="Harrison, J. (1945) Some remarks upon Parus major newtoni Prazak and Parus major major L. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 66, 24 - 28." type="journal article" year="1945">Harrison (1945)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33641B43FAAFA796FF09FD2F" author="Vaurie" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" refString="Vaurie, C. (1959) The birds of the Palearctic fauna. Passeriformes. H. F. & G. Witherby, London, xii + 762 pp." type="book" year="1959">Vaurie (1959: 511)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33641B43FF78A7EAFEB7FD2F" author="Gosler" box="[215,373,721,745]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" refString="Gosler, A. G. (1999) A comment on the validity of Parus major newtoni (Prazak 1894). Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 119, 47 - 55." type="journal article" year="1999">Gosler (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33641B43FE2EA7EAFDBDFD2F" author="Dickinson" box="[385,639,721,745]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" refString="Dickinson, E. C. (2003) The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 3 rd rev. ed. Christopher Helm, London, 1039 pp." type="book" year="2003">Dickinson (2003: 524)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33641B43FD1AA7EAFC51FD2F" author="Dudley" box="[693,915,721,745]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" refString="Dudley, S. P., Gee, M., Kehoe, C., Melling, T. M. & The British Ornithologists' Union Records Committee (BOURC) (2006) The British List: a checklist of birds of Britain (7 th edition). Ibis, 148, 526 - 563." type="journal article" year="2006">
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Dudley
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33641B43FCA0A7E9FC82FD2F" box="[783,832,721,745]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
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. (2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 555).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B0E8D1A633641B43FF6AA7CEFC44FCF7" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="F84D822D33641B43FF6AA7CEFC44FCF7" blockId="13.[151,1437,685,1357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33641B43FF6AA7CEFEFBFCCB" bold="true" box="[197,313,757,781]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33641B43FF6AA7CEFEF6FCCB" box="[197,308,757,781]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="9EE31AE833641B43FEECA7CDFE5DFCCB" box="[323,415,758,781]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">NHMW</collectionCode>
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10664, collected by an unknown collector on an unknown date [= prior to 1892] at an unknown locality in
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<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33641B43FED1A622FE1DFCF7" box="[382,479,793,817]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">England</collectingCountry>
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. Obtained from R. B. Sharpe in 1891.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B0E8D1A633641B43FF6AA606FC79FA8B" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="F84D822D33641B43FF6AA606FA5FFB7B" blockId="13.[151,1437,685,1357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33641B43FF6AA606FEFBFC93" bold="true" box="[197,313,829,853]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33641B43FEEEA606FD9EFC93" author="Prazak" box="[321,604,829,853]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1894 f) Einige Notizen uber die Kohl-, Hauben- und Blaumeisen. Ornithologisches Jahrbuch, 5, 233 - 253." type="journal article" year="1894" yearSuffix="f">Pražák (1894f: 239–240)</bibRefCitation>
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called this bird “Britische Kohlmeise” (“British Great Tit”), listed specimen NHMW 10664 as the “
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33641B43FE72A65AFDDFFCBF" box="[477,541,865,889]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">typus</typeStatus>
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” (=
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33641B43FDFBA65AFD78FCBF" box="[596,698,865,889]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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), and stated that he examined
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<specimenCount id="EEF449A433641B43FBB5A65AFB76FCBF" box="[1050,1204,865,889]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" type="generic">19 specimens</specimenCount>
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of this form. All of these specimens, except the
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33641B43FE73A6BEFD83FC5B" box="[476,577,901,925]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, may have existed only in Pražák’s mind. Two specimens of British
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<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33641B43FAF6A6BDFF18FC07" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33641B43FAF6A6BDFF18FC07" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">Parus major</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were in the VTH in 1906 when the collection was purchased by the NHMW, including NMW 33646 (formerly Tschusi 2595), collected in “
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<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33641B43FDB0A6F6FD42FC23" box="[543,640,973,997]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">England</collectingCountry>
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” in “Winter” of an unknown year, and NMW 33648 (formerly Tschusi 4069), collected “near Brighton, Sussex” on
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<date id="8C4CA4ED33641B43FD24A6CAFC86FBCF" box="[651,836,1009,1033]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" value="1894-02-04">4 February 1894</date>
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and supplied to Tschusi by “Brazenor Bros., Naturalists, 39, Lewes Road, Brighton”. Pražák visited Tschusi at Hallein for the first time shortly prior to
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<date id="8C4CA4ED33641B43FAB3A12EFF0DFB97" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" value="1894-10-15">15 October 1894</date>
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according to one of Tschusi’s letters (
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33641B43FDD3A102FC59FB97" author="Schmuck" box="[636,923,1081,1105]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" refString="Schmuck, T. (2010) Between scientific truth, fraud and theft - the Austrian ornithologist Viktor von Tschusi in conflict with scientific swindle. In: Bauernfeind, E., Gamauf, A., Berg, H. - M. & Muraoka, Y. (Eds), Collections in context (Proceedings of the 5 th International Meeting of European Bird Curators). Natural History Museum Vienna, Wien, pp. 257 - 272." type="book chapter" year="2010">Schmuck 2010: 262–263</bibRefCitation>
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), i.e. too late for considering these specimens (even if they were already present in the VTH at that time, for which no evidence is available) in his paper on
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<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33641B43FF38A1B9FEE4FB5F" box="[151,294,1154,1177]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33641B43FF38A1B9FEE4FB5F" box="[151,294,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">Parus major</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which appeared in issue 6 of the
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33641B43FD13A1BAFC33FB5F" box="[700,1009,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">Ornithologisches Jahrbuch</emphasis>
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for
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<date id="8C4CA4ED33641B43FB8AA1B9FB14FB5F" box="[1061,1238,1153,1177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" value="1894-11" valueMax="1894-12-31" valueMin="1894-11-00">Nov–Dec 1894</date>
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. Moreover, these specimens were not labeled as
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33641B43FE42A19DFD84FB7B" box="[493,582,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">newtoni</emphasis>
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. I thus conclude that Pražák’s
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<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33641B43FC36A19DFBEDFB7B" box="[921,1071,1190,1213]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="major" subSpecies="newtoni">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33641B43FC36A19DFBEDFB7B" box="[921,1071,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">P. m. newtoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was based on a single specimen.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F84D822D33641B43FF6AA1F2FC79FA8B" blockId="13.[151,1437,685,1357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33641B43FF6AA1F2FE6EFB27" author="Prazak" box="[197,428,1225,1249]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1894 f) Einige Notizen uber die Kohl-, Hauben- und Blaumeisen. Ornithologisches Jahrbuch, 5, 233 - 253." type="journal article" year="1894" yearSuffix="f">Pražák (1894f: 239)</bibRefCitation>
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listed only “
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<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33641B43FDEBA1F2FD54FB27" box="[580,662,1225,1249]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">Britain</collectingCountry>
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” as the
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33641B43FD56A1F1FCEBFB24" box="[761,809,1226,1250]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
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locality, but the
|
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33641B43FC5CA1F2FB97FB27" box="[1011,1109,1225,1249]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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was collected in “
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<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33641B43FA9FA1F2FA50FB27" box="[1328,1426,1225,1249]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">England</collectingCountry>
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” according to the label data. I thus restrict the
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33641B43FD3CA1D5FD01FAC0" box="[659,707,1262,1286]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
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locality of
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33641B43FCEBA1D5FC15FAC3" box="[836,983,1262,1285]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">P. m. n e w t o n i</emphasis>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33641B43FC50A1D6FBA2FAC3" box="[1023,1120,1261,1285]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">England</collectingCountry>
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. Believing that the
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33641B43FA95A1D6FA5EFAC3" box="[1338,1436,1261,1285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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was lost,
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33641B43FF50A02AFE26FAEF" author="Clancey" box="[255,484,1297,1321]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" refString="Clancey, P. A. (1948) Type-localities of three British races of Paridae described by Prazak. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 68, 107 - 108." type="journal article" year="1948">Clancey (1948: 197)</bibRefCitation>
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restricted the
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33641B43FD2DA029FD70FAEC" box="[642,690,1298,1322]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
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locality of
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33641B43FC9EA029FC00FAEF" box="[817,962,1298,1321]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">P. m. n e w t o n i</emphasis>
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to the “Lake District,
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<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33641B43FB11A02AFAE3FAEF" box="[1214,1313,1297,1321]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
”. Since the
|
||
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33641B43FF38A00EFF3BFA8B" box="[151,249,1333,1357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is extant, Clancey’s restriction is invalid (Art. 76 of the Code).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |