304 lines
26 KiB
XML
304 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="269780" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486" ID-GBIF-Dataset="56ab3090-85e3-4733-a5e9-08d0e6a52e93" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-234-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="175200BD8D535C96944C1AC7D5B29315" ModsDocID="1314-2003-234-1" checkinTime="1695979647631" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wessapak, Paweena, Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai & Duangjai, Suthee" docDate="2023" docId="0253DFD0353555489DBA3D85DAD0537C" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 234: 1-33" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 234" docPubDate="2023-09-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486" docTitle="Cenchrus ciliaris L., Mant. Pl. Altera 2: 302. 1771." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="175200BD8D535C96944C1AC7D5B29315" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="175200BD8D535C96944C1AC7D5B29315" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of Cenchrus L. (Poaceae) in Thailand, with lectotypification of Pennisetum macrostachyum Benth." masterLastPageNumber="33" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1695980269918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="175EBE23D294DC3ADE88ED0B3349F643">
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<mods:title id="1A1B8E14472ADC92466C44741C2E0B46">A taxonomic revision of Cenchrus L. (Poaceae) in Thailand, with lectotypification of Pennisetum macrostachyum Benth.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="886C438331B2B01AAF43BC41B9E53E7B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4F1541E59CC8047DFD7361E4A35B1AE1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1E09E1C2D12E8EF6AED0E5E7FC19D86C">Wessapak, Paweena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="363FE031B072E01CE4FFB1A58D77080F">Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5A9F28E93DBEE656EE336725F3A414F1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5BA68E3D83D7AF16BBDAACB255A59E0F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="09DC0344A906BD699717A569F5EDE2B9">Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0957C89F00A9F7D5C2BAF817F4315812">Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F83A0FD3A6114451348EAC6E16DD5EBD" type="email">fsciccn@ku.ac.th</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="4EB4AB07B9BA3AA8B218E1A20237FB4E" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9B44C0991096BDA1B56912A4DD4B1DB3">Duangjai, Suthee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FA609DBFF2F8D448086EF0946AF7F7A1" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1490-759X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="773FDB23EC8F59DF21AE397C5FFA7881">Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D50B28B446484933CCE4A44DD2AAA069">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="289F22D8A8669BC3FB9C02C91D1DD5C7">
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<mods:title id="2BD7B7BBAA7F40F1A189D94546F08449">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="EA0C036BBDBA4FFF3925CBEDA25CC511">
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<mods:date id="CA9C836FA0CD9D1B3D7BE6F21DDDFE14">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="02963B589FCBF3600ABACE47EF47A3A8" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="C81F3B48F81D613578FDE29C57B3ABCF">2023-09-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="D87BD62831F1A6F36DE4D16B4BB498C4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="128B20A7C8C5E48622E742F20295FA1C">234</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="D942A11DD4EE877A5652643A79ACE136">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="03A73A773720B3692FE8A5A7398E1C75">33</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="2953473685A62EE549BAADA370487003">
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<mods:url id="3B6356CB6C4A433C0F05781393F4C8A8">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="DEDEA84BA18054775D39F0EF4ACB8BA4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="586172A35D451F4EE0F99C83BFD986F2" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0253DFD0353555489DBA3D85DAD0537C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0253DFD0353555489DBA3D85DAD0537C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0253DFD0353555489DBA3D85DAD0537C" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="E878BBDBFD7757154B7AAC00D8871BD6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EE8451395A91F4D7DA1BAC1D8A4DDB5F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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2.
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<taxonomicName id="09F82D08B1A8A7FC59A8707524EC47AE" ID-CoL="S5F2" ID-ENA="35872" LSID="0253DFD0-3535-5548-9DBA-3D85DAD0537C" authority="L., Mant. Pl. Altera 2: 302. 1771." authorityName="L., Mant. Pl. Altera 2: 302. 1771." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus ciliaris" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliaris">Cenchrus ciliaris L., Mant. Pl. Altera 2: 302. 1771.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1B9062DF015E164EB8FEA93BC79076DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BD8FE57C64B720E387DA4B1AEED1BE63" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation id="152557EF293FE82C4E7AFCE7EBF33FE8" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cenchrus ciliaris L. A habit B ligule C spikelets with involucre D lower glumes E upper glumes F lower lemmas G lower paleas H upper lemmas I upper paleas J caryopsis. Drawn from P. Wessapak 376 by Paweena Wessapak." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/913560" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="3F28F4569014A4540C9385F7151EE51C" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Cenchrus ciliaris L. A habitat B inflorescence C, D spikelets with involucre. (Photographs: Paweena Wessapak)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/913561" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="FBA423588B78F47C3BB3EEEA09860B26" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="D9AD8574716EB17E6B3629FD780383B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="6CEE8CDD6D2A7421AB43B3FD17603CBF" authorityName="Link" authorityYear="1827" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pennisetum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pennisetum ciliare" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliare">≡ Pennisetum ciliare</taxonomicName>
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(L.) Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 213. 1827.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AFE583DD2B5553AEC115533152BD34E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="C456B03CCB26EE438064AD0846B70EC2" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pennisetum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pennisetum petraeum" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petraeum">= Pennisetum petraeum</taxonomicName>
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Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 106. 1854. Type: Iran, Mar 1842,
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<emphasis id="77A74A7A9E4EF07F61E428B6CDDBD726" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. G. T. Kotschy 170</emphasis>
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(lectotype, designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="778BAA7E46D930184806BFD4D5E9AE5A" author="Gutierrez, HF" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Sociedad Argentina de Botanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="263 - 269" refId="B16" refString="Gutierrez, HF, Morrone, O, 2012. Novedades nomenclaturales en Cenchrus s.l. (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Boletin de la Sociedad Argentina de Botanica 47 (1-2): 263 - 269" title="Novedades nomenclaturales en Cenchrus s. l. (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae)." volume="47" year="2012">
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<normalizedToken id="DD47C9270D478F75EBE7BD79D6606514" originalValue="Gutiérrez">Gutierrez</normalizedToken>
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and Morrone 2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 264: P [P00642074] seen on digital image; isolectotypes: K [K000244671!], P [P00642073] seen on digital image).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="320AB948F089A34BC8D18CCE643650A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="69F521DA00BD7F5BED12ECB6C25C8FD4" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus longifolius" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolius">= Cenchrus longifolius</taxonomicName>
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Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 109. 1854. Type: Sudan, Arasch-Cool, 16 Oct 1839,
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<emphasis id="0131E7E062B6C482EFC6A52DEB95AA1C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. G. T. Kotschy 190</emphasis>
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(holotype: P [P00442947!]; isotypes: BM [BM000923378!], E [E00200302] seen on digital image, G n.v., K [K000281252!], P [P00442951!, P00442948!]).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C949D81FF6C57CD6891DE2F57D34FA30" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="361EBA8B77E7F3F1158603F42E2B96D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus id="37E34E81EDBDCC479307F81BC5E1BE55">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="16309517D52EEB701A30A5484D29F6A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation id="AB2EC96A2BBAA7CA8C449A5B4D0342B3" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="Clayton" country="South Africa" location="Renvoize in Polhill" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<collectingCountry id="7E0F6F0E528CBCA8702684352328D4F2" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="44C0281E125694F612C908B7EB74CA9B" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape">Cape</collectingRegion>
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,
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<emphasis id="0375B80EB01992F3A967E85071A2887B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Koenig s.n</emphasis>
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. (
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<typeStatus id="5C8B7318E79905DC9049E31FB8DE2DA4">lectotype</typeStatus>
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, designated by
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<collectorName id="FFFE7680D0F9CFC7AF683478D0F9D02B">Clayton</collectorName>
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&
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<location id="797BF9D7F794ECA74F28BE2CD18528F7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0253DFD0353555489DBA3D85DAD0537C:797BF9D7F794ECA74F28BE2CD18528F7" country="South Africa" name="Renvoize in Polhill" stateProvince="Cape">Renvoize in Polhill</location>
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(ed.) (1982, pg. 691): LINN [LINN-1217.9] seen on digital image)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="18BA7AE7E8785FEADF366FA27CC180F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4A1D7503355EF6FDBA7A20339DBA92B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CE436D59B70B6EFB92ED4FBCE8F744A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Perennial, tufted,
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<emphasis id="3577DA574EEC9D464FBE4BCDC6D145B7" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Culms</emphasis>
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geniculate ascending, 45-75 cm high; nodes glabrous; internode subterete, 4-13 mm long, 1-2 mm in diam., glabrous.
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<emphasis id="1B72F419EAF6338916E24D6F91EF7124" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaf sheaths</emphasis>
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keeled conspicuous, 4-8 cm long, margins hairy, glabrous or hairy.
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<emphasis id="C14D58F67E49A4158F05B850F7ED5A31" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ligules</emphasis>
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a fringe of hairs, 1-1.5 mm long.
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<emphasis id="9A109B4E56C97E1D945CBF3C54A34E7D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Collar</emphasis>
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glabrous.
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<emphasis id="D3B874F4BDBC534D71D86420EF39BC5E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaf blades</emphasis>
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linear, 16-32 cm
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<normalizedToken id="05D64F5F5EACDDC6194A8B53B0CBCA78" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-7 mm, apex acute, base rounded, margins scabrous, chartaceous, both surfaces hairy or lower surface glabrous and upper surface pilose.
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<emphasis id="48179E9086EEE3A0DDB8E97E688039B2" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescence</emphasis>
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spiciform panicle, 17-33
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<normalizedToken id="FA2E13DB0126FD84D2812472A1B32033" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-2.2 cm (including bristles); central axis angular, 6-11 cm long, axis internode 0.5-1.5 mm long, scabrous and puberulose; peduncle terete, 8-25 cm long, scabrous; short raceme along central axis; raceme with (1-)2-3(-4) spikelets in cluster, all sessile, subtended by an involucre of bristles.
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<emphasis id="A66C83A6E9A030818617C6C4BC682234" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Involucre</emphasis>
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composed of outer and inner circles; outer circle usually shorter than inner circle; outer involucre of bristles, numerous and filamentous, free, 1-7 mm long, antrorsely scabrous; inner involucre of 8-13 slightly flattened bristles with 6-11 mm long, connate only at the base less than 1 mm long, one conspicuous longest bristle 0.9-1.4 cm long, hairy and antrorsely scabrous; involucre falling with spikelets; stipe (raceme-based) ca. 0.5 mm long, hairy.
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<emphasis id="6AA4443DC056D0271264A089C381B655" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spikelets</emphasis>
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dorsally compressed, lanceolate, 3-4.4
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<normalizedToken id="FC5051C0A9619FD5BDB4A60AB86670FB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-1.1 mm.
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<emphasis id="775DB5308C721A3EBED605A76198E39B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lower glume</emphasis>
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ovate, 1.7-2.4
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<normalizedToken id="6455FC9CD5B4EC35E3757A847DE04668" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.8-1.2 mm, apex acute, membranous, glabrous, 1-nerved.
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<emphasis id="67935020DAA406C9F6D3F244CE651F84" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Upper glume</emphasis>
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ovate, 2-3
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<normalizedToken id="23490C35D9D000849EF0616240CAC248" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-1.3 mm, apex acute, membranous, glabrous, 1-nerved.
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<emphasis id="ED074408E530D858934459B5A54CFDE6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Florets</emphasis>
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2.
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<emphasis id="D05217799106EA6FA1E9384AA9316BDE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lower floret</emphasis>
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sterile, rarely male.
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<emphasis id="67B88D7722B13D41DA96EE006966B83C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lower lemma</emphasis>
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lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 3-4
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<normalizedToken id="2DF8D82CC799134A0ACFA95FA21F37BC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-1.5 mm, apex acute or mucronate, membranous, glabrous, 5 or 7-nerved.
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<emphasis id="99A3BDFC481397A62767E30F34A3D273" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lower palea</emphasis>
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elliptic or oblong, 2-3
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<normalizedToken id="6806D6F18F868C737DC06688C8904B9C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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ca. 0.6 mm, apex obtuse or acute, margins folded with antrorsely scabrous, membranous, glabrous, 2-nerved or palea absent.
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<emphasis id="BFDB931D54005859E4EFB763071F6911" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Upper floret</emphasis>
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bisexual.
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<emphasis id="006C1BD3C8A24F75BF4F7DFB60B0D0B5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Upper lemma</emphasis>
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lanceolate, 3.2-4.3
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<normalizedToken id="A6CF41D3E420E1185CC3401EA5BD5FC1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-1.2 mm, apex acute or acuminate, margins hyaline, chartaceous or coriaceous, glabrous, 5-nerved.
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<emphasis id="F142656E8DB6393F514EC5223007DC92" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Upper palea</emphasis>
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lanceolate, 3-4
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<normalizedToken id="0AD9D61885843F3164AD4C6025DA1135" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.7-1.2 mm, apex acuminate, margins hyaline, chartaceous or coriaceous, glabrous 2-keeled, 2-nerved.
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<emphasis id="9B7CCCA06FA2B329EA566C953FFC116C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lodicules</emphasis>
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absent.
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<emphasis id="336EF73AC453C42520748A8BD3F5DC1E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stamens</emphasis>
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3; filament ca. 3 mm long; anther yellow 1.5-2.5 mm long.
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<emphasis id="1A5AE78152FB512D1345E09F6056B4A7" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pistil</emphasis>
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ovary elliptic, 0.4-0.8
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<normalizedToken id="3DF4297E9AF11E308F8A52B4F764DD7C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.2-0.5 mm; style 2; stigma plumose.
|
||
<emphasis id="FEDBDA2DDB99172084D2A19D8C0C56B3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caryopsis</emphasis>
|
||
ellipsoid, 1.4-1.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1B38CE88A9CD99EAE5C0B6BAD5F89758" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
ca. 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="968FDE85D20419D4E9B5AD4B49BE96BA" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/913560" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph id="3109E00EDB6002D62D6A8939E82F78AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F4A644E6AE5007DEF6D86A40AAEAA5F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30DA105F532D9B3AD0027B06F91843F7" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus ciliaris" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="0C931B6B4411FA48CE1A55E381060B17" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cenchrus ciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.
|
||
<emphasis id="3BCCF3F707CCC24565C3B15BDD716F4E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
habit
|
||
<emphasis id="CE2E6C0CEA4366FF4E9DD147D7389012" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
ligule
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBFA525297EF20FBA6828740200D00E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
spikelets with involucre
|
||
<emphasis id="77435C1B5E297D82CCEE4C1D66372048" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
lower glumes
|
||
<emphasis id="D857AED10CE5A13ED85832AD7202F49D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
upper glumes
|
||
<emphasis id="9345DC30AEDEFD2F4E8D880855C9359E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
lower lemmas
|
||
<emphasis id="7CD99A79760621E709A1D596314A344D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
lower paleas
|
||
<emphasis id="C13E5B3C400F35B22511C76A5BF08D01" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
upper lemmas
|
||
<emphasis id="5C2FBA6FB480A47A6CAAE218F0629AD1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||
upper paleas
|
||
<emphasis id="8005C469FB70E108594F0F360891193D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
||
caryopsis. Drawn from
|
||
<emphasis id="FC67B4C8D3DABE79AEFE8096C4ADD614" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. Wessapak 376</emphasis>
|
||
by Paweena Wessapak.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="44B24E7A118D30F612C58CA34CCBE1B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED59F376B42054FB5A90507E7A2A8013" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="56C730DCD97B74CFEBF516C9BA5A3985" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Native to Africa, Greece, Sicilia, Middle East, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. Introduced to America, Australia and Southeast Asia.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3938A87C7D863EB3A73BC300BBECDB2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="470CEF4E2C4FF07558BC8D21A8147870" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution in Thailand.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D068657D74475B119C0862500F1BEBA2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">South-Western: Kanchanaburi (Sai Yok); CENTRAL: Nakhon Pathom (Kamphaengsaen, Mueang Nakhon Pathom).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="161F2D38D96EBDA3838F13E5A8719DF0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C3ECCDC510A09D97197B57C2138923E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5FB9399B10B9D07A46BD6F59FF338816" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">In open areas by the roadside and the edge of rice fields. This species is cultivated for forage at elevations between 0 and 250 m a.m.s.l. Flowering and fruiting from May to September.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1FA6C4B4DF7C784E2696FEF70319A6CE" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/913561" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph id="E80B94CBC40A52E79B6A3367A05A997A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB0885E1B6BB2065DC4CD45140B895CA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C197D11A61B2521C3E8D93ED48ABC711" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus ciliaris" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="E572702F1D42F5C1718F197D98A954AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cenchrus ciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8818A45FACC4BCFA7DD3520080580D9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitat
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8D115BD84E9E4FCEF29E3B29A58101" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
inflorescence
|
||
<emphasis id="2A7F8EABB1A18090FB56150A63F06A0C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
spikelets with involucre. (Photographs: Paweena Wessapak).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D27635A785B17FF64E6478E875FB3947" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="vernacular name">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A138A073DFF1440A4262BD44AE2005F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vernacular name.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6B2AD878325314B53EF0E5BC6DF5B1BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ya khi khrok rayang phu (หญ้าขี้ครอกรยางค์พู่); African foxtail grass, Buffel grass (English).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B139135D829E077393C78E9AD3D4BEC5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="B6742BAA4BC8378AB8FC757930E3300A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="807A3C12BDA18718FBA41CD0EAE22B80" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="81D06EC654504344EB5C13F29334F0F3" collectingDate="2005-05-17" collectorName="P. Porkar" country="Thailand" location="Sai Yok" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kanchanaburi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1EEA3130135C2AA4BD8BECFF0917140" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76DD9F1E723E6314FEC807BD93F4CDC3" name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="68D17D1B993439186140B2C59399BC3F" country="Thailand" name="Kanchanaburi">Kanchanaburi</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="3A89F8259C2116490386C3F7B7AF39C2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0253DFD0353555489DBA3D85DAD0537C:3A89F8259C2116490386C3F7B7AF39C2" country="Thailand" name="Sai Yok" stateProvince="Kanchanaburi">Sai Yok</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="5D201124CF4770A14009F6ADBA95C058" value="2005-05-17">17 May 2005</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="9585769FB034D36982E79E8467A73388" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="B6B1C828A2B0F26780D1360702935F0D">P. Porkar</collectorName>
|
||
17
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BKF, CMUB)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D546BBCFB271C7F415D921B2191F07A0" collectingDate="2017-07-22" collectorName="P. Wessapak" country="Thailand" location="Kamphaengsaen" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nakhon Pathom">
|
||
<emphasis id="3E59926557328DFB01E434F52E8DD2D8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0C21D2F38BC96EEA76E932755B615A9A" country="Thailand" name="Nakhon Pathom">Nakhon Pathom</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="1FF85927BF3043140A64578BCF19AE0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0253DFD0353555489DBA3D85DAD0537C:1FF85927BF3043140A64578BCF19AE0B" country="Thailand" name="Kamphaengsaen" stateProvince="Nakhon Pathom">Kamphaengsaen</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EEBCF81845F2B92EBAED074DC02E6508" value="2017-07-22">22 Jul 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D87BDFF51DF3041BCA384B92A4A27379" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="DA8CE9926C62CFD97B1FBCDA34E5D162">P. Wessapak</collectorName>
|
||
373, 374
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BK); Mueang Nakhon Pathom, Thap Luang,
|
||
<collectingDate id="922F6E39AD6FEB3909E06E7DDD145D0C" value="2017-07-22">22 Jul 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C235E4A39FF2F41FD281FAB08F515C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="C401608516861D917B0FCD1557A3BBB0">P. Wessapak</collectorName>
|
||
376
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BK)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="14EFDC7B413282E0A272BCB504B6D708" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="D61C518ECB117520B16BD5A0A3DF449B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="439A39B6110A55189B50877F13BB37F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
This species has been planted as fodder and to prevent soil erosion. It is considered as invasive in some countries. In Thailand, this species commonly escapes planting, but is not widely naturalised like the other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9C3459176488DDDCF0606322F24E57D" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F6C677B66EED5D700AD9A3CFC5B8580" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cenchrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |