244 lines
31 KiB
XML
244 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="963BCE6AA17951D30530F07FBA42B53D" ID-CLB-Dataset="32747" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4293.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dc2674e2-e260-4b6e-ad3a-731d610bccc5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="828475" ID-ZooBank="6FF96B5C-1F80-47ED-9962-19603DCBF550" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1500108894142" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="ÁLVARO L. PEÑA CANTERO" docDate="2017" docId="C84B87CACC36FF97E8DD032F0C4AF76E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4293.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4293 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Staurotheca pachyclada Jaderholm 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="3472FFB2CC16FFB5E84A00470F1FF553" masterDocTitle="Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Ross Sea (Antarctica) collected by the New Zealand Antarctic expedition BioRoss 2004 with RV Tangaroa" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1698465181473" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3DF4E67F14B677A218D1788A43DA720C">Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Ross Sea (Antarctica) collected by the New Zealand Antarctic expedition BioRoss 2004 with RV Tangaroa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8855D957302E69B8E00BE68527674985">ÁLVARO L. PEÑA CANTERO</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C7DA9A992590FB30565D1CCF6D8E20AF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A6EF77D58E8F1430AA4A21E6024D9739">
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<mods:date id="9915A0437A94069FF66F181E98DF1FC4">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1DDC3E7871CD4BB77F4C4BFAB6B34AD1">2017-07-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="48AB8F9FA310EFCCAE5CF1B1FE6DC99D">4293</mods:number>
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<treatment id="C84B87CACC36FF97E8DD032F0C4AF76E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4386830" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132548855" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4386830" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C84B87CACC36FF97E8DD032F0C4AF76E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C84B87CACC36FF97E8DD032F0C4AF76E" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection id="08F86557CC36FF95E8DD032F0E33F6F0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="405D36DCCC36FF95E8DD032F0DBDF6D1" blockId="32.[151,674,872,931]" box="[151,674,872,898]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<heading id="1B1581B0CC36FF95E8DD032F0DBDF6D1" bold="true" box="[151,674,872,898]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC36FF95E8DD032F0DBDF6D1" authority="Jaderholm, 1904" authorityName="Jaderholm" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,674,872,898]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pachyclada">
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<emphasis id="7296EACECC36FF95E8DD032F0DBDF6D1" bold="true" box="[151,674,872,898]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="7296EACECC36FF95E8DD032F0EA7F6D1" bold="true" box="[151,440,872,898]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Staurotheca pachyclada</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="24734B2DCC36FF95E98D032F0D85F6D1" author="Jaderholm" box="[455,666,872,898]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1904) Mitteilungen ueber einige von der Schwedischen Antarctic-Expedition 1901 - 1903 eingesammelte Hydroiden. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, Series 4, 3 (Notes et revue 1), 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1904">Jäderholm, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="405D36DCCC36FF95E8DD03CD0E33F6F0" blockId="32.[151,674,872,931]" box="[151,300,906,931]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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(
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<figureCitation id="D8D92A59CC36FF95E8D503CD0FF2F6F0" box="[159,237,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[220,1388,206,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[187,1399,195,1923]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 11. Staurotheca pachyclada (Jäderholm, 1904): A – B, hydrothecae. Staurotheca polarsterni Peña Cantero, Svoboda & Vervoort, 1997: C – E, hydrothecae. Staurotheca sp.: F – I hydrothecae. (A from Stn 124; B from Stn 17; C – E from Stn 19; F – H from Stn 53; I from Stn 67). Scale bar: 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828497/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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A–B)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08F86557CC36FF95E8DD03950D4CF154" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
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<paragraph id="405D36DCCC36FF95E8DD03950D4CF154" blockId="32.[151,1437,978,1031]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="60F211F2CC36FF95E8DD03950D4CF154" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC36FF95E8DD03950E95F6BB" box="[151,394,978,1000]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pachyclada">
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<emphasis id="7296EACECC36FF95E8DD03950E95F6BB" box="[151,394,978,1000]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Staurotheca pachyclada</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="C14310CDCC36FF95E9EE03940C37F6BB" author="Pena" box="[420,808,978,1000]" page="2698" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="2003">
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<bibRefCitation id="24734B2DCC36FF95E9EE03940DF5F6BB" author="Pena" box="[420,746,978,1000]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Vervoort, W. (2003) Species of Staurotheca Allman, 1888 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Sertulariidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 37, 2653 - 2722. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930210155701" type="journal article" year="2003">Peña Cantero & Vervoort, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<date id="345C101CCC36FF95EABF03950C37F6BB" box="[757,808,978,1000]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2698" valueMax="2702">2698</date>
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</treatmentCitation>
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–2702, figs 14, 15 (synonymy); Peña Cantero, 2006: 942, fig. 4D; 2008: 460; 2009: 1749; 2013: 131.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08F86557CC36FF95E8DD04730E70F01B" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="405D36DCCC36FF95E8DD04730E70F01B" blockId="32.[151,1437,1076,2037]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="7296EACECC36FF95E8DD04730E9EF11E" bold="true" box="[151,385,1076,1101]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Stn 15, one stem
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<quantity id="871A9B39CC36FF95EA0604730DB6F11F" box="[588,681,1076,1100]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="180.0">180 mm</quantity>
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high (NIWA 117537); Stn 17, eight fragments up to
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<quantity id="871A9B39CC36FF95ECB504730A43F11F" box="[1279,1372,1076,1100]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
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long, perhaps belonging to six stems (NIWA 117538); Stn 18, one stem
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<quantity id="871A9B39CC36FF95EB32041F0CD8F13C" box="[888,967,1112,1136]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="83.0">83 mm</quantity>
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high (MNCN 2.03/611); Stn 72, one stem
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<quantity id="871A9B39CC36FF95E8DD043B0FECF1C7" box="[151,243,1148,1172]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="140.0">140 mm</quantity>
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high (NIWA 117539); Stn 78, one fragmented stem
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<quantity id="871A9B39CC36FF95EB70043B0C88F1C7" box="[826,919,1148,1172]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="270.0">270 mm</quantity>
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long (NIWA 117540); Stn 96, two stems up to
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<quantity id="871A9B39CC36FF95E8DD04D80FEBF1E4" box="[151,244,1183,1208]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="115.0">115 mm</quantity>
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high (MNCN 2.03/612); Stn 101, one stem
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<quantity id="871A9B39CC36FF95EAA504D80C52F1E4" box="[751,845,1183,1208]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="175.0">175 mm</quantity>
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high, originating from an old stem lying on bottom (NIWA 117541); Stn 108, one stem
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<quantity id="871A9B39CC36FF95EA7804830D9CF18F" box="[562,643,1220,1245]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
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high on pebbles (MNCN 2.03/613); Stn 124, one stem
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<quantity id="871A9B39CC36FF95ECB704830A43F18F" box="[1277,1372,1220,1244]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="220.0">220 mm</quantity>
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high, basibiont of
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<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC36FF95E96904A00EE3F053" box="[291,508,1255,1280]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tangaroa" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="7296EACECC36FF95E96904A00EE3F053" box="[291,508,1255,1280]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Halecium tangaroa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="69A557B5CC36FF95EA4904A00D42F053" box="[515,605,1255,1280]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="7296EACECC36FF95EA4904A00D42F053" bold="true" box="[515,605,1255,1280]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC36FF95EAD904A00C4CF053" box="[659,851,1255,1280]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Billardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="subrufa">
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<emphasis id="7296EACECC36FF95EAD904A00C4CF053" box="[659,851,1255,1280]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Billardia subrufa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(MNCN 2.03/614); Stn 140, two stems, ca. 140 and
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<quantity id="871A9B39CC36FF95E8DD054B0FE7F077" box="[151,248,1292,1316]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
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high (NIWA 117542); Stn 143, one stem
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<quantity id="871A9B39CC36FF95EAA3054B0C55F077" box="[745,842,1292,1316]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="170.0">170 mm</quantity>
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high (NIWA 117543); Stn 160, one stem
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<quantity id="871A9B39CC36FF95ED76054B0A82F077" box="[1340,1437,1292,1317]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="250.0">250 mm</quantity>
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(MNCN 2.03/615).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08F86557CC36FF95E88D05130B88F3E3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
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<paragraph id="405D36DCCC36FF95E88D05130D47F0E7" blockId="32.[151,1437,1076,2037]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="7296EACECC36FF95E88D05130E46F03E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1364,1389]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Description.</emphasis>
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Stems up to
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<quantity id="871A9B39CC36FF95E9BE05130D4CF03F" box="[500,595,1364,1388]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="270.0">270 mm</quantity>
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high, sparsely branched, usually with long, roughly straight, unbranched pinnae (only occasionally with few secondary ones). Branching alternate in one plane in younger stems, but irregular in several planes in older ones.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="405D36DCCC36FF95E88D05F80D96F33B" blockId="32.[151,1437,1076,2037]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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Hydrothecae arranged in decussate verticils of four to six hydrothecae, forming eight to 12 longitudinal rows; sometimes spirally arranged. Hydrothecae immersed into the branches in most of their volume; adcauline wall almost completely adnate (
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<figureCitation id="D8D92A59CC36FF95E98206400D06F373" box="[456,537,1543,1568]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[220,1388,206,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[187,1399,195,1923]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 11. Staurotheca pachyclada (Jäderholm, 1904): A – B, hydrothecae. Staurotheca polarsterni Peña Cantero, Svoboda & Vervoort, 1997: C – E, hydrothecae. Staurotheca sp.: F – I hydrothecae. (A from Stn 124; B from Stn 17; C – E from Stn 19; F – H from Stn 53; I from Stn 67). Scale bar: 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828497/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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A). In frontal view, hydrotheca typically cylindrical at distal half, but distinctly widening basally (
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<figureCitation id="D8D92A59CC36FF95E930066B0ECAF317" box="[378,469,1580,1605]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[220,1388,206,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[187,1399,195,1923]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 11. Staurotheca pachyclada (Jäderholm, 1904): A – B, hydrothecae. Staurotheca polarsterni Peña Cantero, Svoboda & Vervoort, 1997: C – E, hydrothecae. Staurotheca sp.: F – I hydrothecae. (A from Stn 124; B from Stn 17; C – E from Stn 19; F – H from Stn 53; I from Stn 67). Scale bar: 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828497/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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B). Hydrothecal aperture circular and sloping downwards. Hydrotheca without mushroom-shaped diaphragm (
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<figureCitation id="D8D92A59CC36FF95E9BE06080D5DF33B" box="[500,578,1615,1640]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[220,1388,206,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[187,1399,195,1923]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 11. Staurotheca pachyclada (Jäderholm, 1904): A – B, hydrothecae. Staurotheca polarsterni Peña Cantero, Svoboda & Vervoort, 1997: C – E, hydrothecae. Staurotheca sp.: F – I hydrothecae. (A from Stn 124; B from Stn 17; C – E from Stn 19; F – H from Stn 53; I from Stn 67). Scale bar: 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828497/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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A–B).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="405D36DCCC36FF95E88D06330B88F3E3" blockId="32.[151,1437,1076,2037]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="7296EACECC36FF95E88D06330EF3F3DE" bold="true" box="[199,492,1652,1677]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Measurements (in µm).</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="7296EACECC36FF95E9B106330D7FF3DE" box="[507,608,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Cnidome</emphasis>
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: larger microbasic mastigophores [range 20.0–21.5 x 4.5–5.0, mean 20.8±0.6 x 5.0±0.2 (n=10); ratio, range 4.0–4.4, mean 4.2±0.1 (n=10)]; smaller (
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<date id="345C101CCC36FF95EC5706DF0B5EF3E3" box="[1053,1089,1688,1712]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">9 x</date>
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2.5–3).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08F86557CC36FF97E88D06FB0C4AF76E" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="405D36DCCC36FF95E88D06FB0A60F213" blockId="32.[151,1437,1076,2037]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="7296EACECC36FF95E88D06FB0E24F386" bold="true" box="[199,315,1724,1749]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Stems seem to start branching alternately in one plane. Nevertheless, branches are irregularly arranged in several planes in older colonies. For example, a
|
||
<quantity id="871A9B39CC36FF95EB7306980C97F3AB" box="[825,904,1759,1784]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
high stem from Stn 108 is alternately branched in one plane, a
|
||
<quantity id="871A9B39CC36FF95E90D07430EB9F24F" box="[327,422,1796,1820]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="170.0">170 mm</quantity>
|
||
high stem from Stn 143 is basally branched in one plane, but in several planes upwards, especially at distal part, and, finally, a
|
||
<quantity id="871A9B39CC36FF95EA0C076F0DBCF213" box="[582,675,1832,1856]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="220.0">220 mm</quantity>
|
||
high stem from Stn 124 is irregularly branched in several planes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="405D36DCCC36FF95E88D070B0EEAF2A7" blockId="32.[151,1437,1076,2037]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">This species has stems scarcely branched, usually just provided with long, roughly straight, unbranched pinnae. Sometimes, however, a few more-developed pinnae might give rise to a few secondary ones, as in colonies from Stn 108 and Stn 124. Although hydrothecae are typically deprived of mushroom-shaped diaphragm, I have observed it in some basal hydrothecae from Stn 96. The perisarc is usually smooth, but striated in material from stations 108, 124, 140 and 143.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="149D6654CC37FF94E8DD07DC0DB2F2BC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828497/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[220,1388,206,1913]" targetPageId="33">
|
||
<paragraph id="405D36DCCC37FF94E8DD07DC0DB2F2BC" blockId="33.[151,1436,1947,2031]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="7296EACECC37FF94E8DD07DC0E00F2E3" bold="true" box="[151,287,1947,1969]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC37FF94E96D07DC0DFDF2E2" authority="Jaderholm, 1904" authorityName="Jaderholm" authorityYear="1904" box="[295,738,1947,1969]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pachyclada">
|
||
<emphasis id="7296EACECC37FF94E96D07DC0D03F2E2" box="[295,540,1947,1969]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Staurotheca pachyclada</emphasis>
|
||
(Jäderholm, 1904)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: A–B, hydrothecae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC37FF94EBFE07DC0E4FF283" authority="Pena Cantero, Svoboda & Vervoort, 1997" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda & Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polarsterni">
|
||
<emphasis id="7296EACECC37FF94EBFE07DC0BBAF2E2" box="[948,1189,1947,1969]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Staurotheca polarsterni</emphasis>
|
||
Peña Cantero, Svoboda & Vervoort, 1997
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: C–E, hydrothecae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC37FF94EA6B07FD0D85F283" box="[545,666,1978,2000]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7296EACECC37FF94EA6B07FD0D85F283" box="[545,666,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Staurotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.: F–I hydrothecae. (A from Stn 124; B from Stn 17; C–E from Stn 19; F–H from Stn 53; I from Stn 67). Scale bar: 250 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="405D36DCCC34FF97E88D00DF0C69F586" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">In this species, the diameter of stem and branches is roughly constant, even if perisarc constrictions are present. In addition, the outline of stem and branches is distinctly straight.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="405D36DCCC34FF97E88D00980ECEF436" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="7296EACECC34FF97E88D00980EE7F5AB" bold="true" box="[199,504,223,248]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Reviewed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="24734B2DCC34FF97EAD700A70B0CF5AB" box="[669,1043,224,248]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Vervoort, W. (2003) Species of Staurotheca Allman, 1888 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Sertulariidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 37, 2653 - 2722. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930210155701" type="journal article">Peña Cantero & Vervoort (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Eurybathic species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="24734B2DCC34FF97ED4900A70E47F44F" author="Pena" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Vervoort, W. (2003) Species of Staurotheca Allman, 1888 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Sertulariidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 37, 2653 - 2722. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930210155701" type="journal article" year="2003">Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), found at depths from 42 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="24734B2DCC34FF97EACC01430C57F44F" author="Stepanjants" box="[646,840,260,285]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), 1 - 200, pls. 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to
|
||
<quantity id="871A9B39CC34FF97EB3E01430CD6F44F" box="[884,969,260,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.405" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="1405.0">1405 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="24734B2DCC34FF97EB9D01430A28F44F" author="Pena" box="[983,1335,260,284]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Vervoort, W. (2003) Species of Staurotheca Allman, 1888 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Sertulariidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 37, 2653 - 2722. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930210155701" type="journal article" year="2003">Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); present material at depths between 212 and
|
||
<quantity id="871A9B39CC34FF97EA6301600D6EF46C" box="[553,625,295,320]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.359999999999999" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="736.0">736 m</quantity>
|
||
, epilithic on pebbles, and basibiont for colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC34FF97ECE601600A72F413" box="[1196,1389,295,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Billardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="subrufa">
|
||
<emphasis id="7296EACECC34FF97ECE601600A72F413" box="[1196,1389,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Billardia subrufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC34FF97E8DD010B0E6EF437" box="[151,369,332,357]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tangaroa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7296EACECC34FF97E8DD010B0E6EF437" box="[151,369,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Halecium tangaroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69A557B5CC34FF97E93D010B0ECEF436" box="[375,465,332,357]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7296EACECC34FF97E93D010B0ECEF436" bold="true" box="[375,465,332,357]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="405D36DCCC34FF97E88D01280C4AF76E" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F08A3C81CC34FF97E88D01280C4AF76E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572325143" country="Antarctica" county="Livingston Island" location="Low Island" municipality="Trinity Island" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
Circum-Antarctic distribution (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="24734B2DCC34FF97EA1C01370CD8F4DB" author="Pena" box="[598,967,368,392]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Vervoort, W. (2003) Species of Staurotheca Allman, 1888 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Sertulariidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 37, 2653 - 2722. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930210155701" type="journal article" year="2003">Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Recently reported from off
|
||
<collectingCounty id="A93C4E50CC34FF97ED6901280FC4F4FE" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Livingston Island</collectingCounty>
|
||
(Peña Cantero 2006, 2008),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="A039ACA6CC34FF97EA6101D30DDAF4FE" box="[555,709,404,429]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Trinity Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="24734B2DCC34FF97EA9C01D30CA9F4FF" author="Pena" box="[726,950,404,428]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2008) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Spanish Antarctic expedition Bentart 95. Polar Biology, 31, 451 - 464." type="journal article" year="2008">Peña Cantero 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<location id="453D6007CC34FF97EBB401D20B60F4FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C84B87CACC36FF97E8DD032F0C4AF76E:453D6007CC34FF97EBB401D20B60F4FE" box="[1022,1151,404,429]" country="Antarctica" county="Livingston Island" municipality="Trinity Island" name="Low Island" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="Cape">Low Island</location>
|
||
(Peña Cantero 2013), in West
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC34FF97E89001F00E4DF483" box="[218,338,439,464]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="38F5764CCC34FF97E89001F00E4DF483" box="[218,338,439,464]" name="Antarctica" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and from the
|
||
<location id="453D6007CC34FF97EA4F01F00DA8F483" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C84B87CACC36FF97E8DD032F0C4AF76E:453D6007CC34FF97EA4F01F00DA8F483" box="[517,695,439,464]" country="Antarctica" county="Livingston Island" municipality="Trinity Island" name="Balleny Islands" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="Cape">Balleny Islands</location>
|
||
(Peña Cantero 2009), in East
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC34FF97EC6E01F00B83F483" box="[1060,1180,439,464]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="38F5764CCC34FF97EC6E01F00B83F483" box="[1060,1180,439,464]" name="Antarctica" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="24734B2DCC34FF97ECAA01FF0E54F4A7" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Vervoort, W. (2003) Species of Staurotheca Allman, 1888 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Sertulariidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 37, 2653 - 2722. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930210155701" type="journal article">Peña Cantero & Vervoort (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for previous records. In the Ross Sea, already known from the central basin, at Pennell Bank and off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8226F83ECC34FF97E88902470FE2F74B" box="[195,253,512,536]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Hallett and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8226F83ECC34FF97E9DD02470ECEF74B" box="[407,465,512,536]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Adare (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="24734B2DCC34FF97EA7C02470CB1F74B" author="Pena" box="[566,942,512,536]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Vervoort, W. (2003) Species of Staurotheca Allman, 1888 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Sertulariidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 37, 2653 - 2722. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930210155701" type="journal article" year="2003">Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Present material off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8226F83ECC34FF97ECF002470BECF74B" box="[1210,1267,512,536]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Adare, Adare Peninsula,
|
||
<location id="453D6007CC34FF97E95802630EFBF76E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C84B87CACC36FF97E8DD032F0C4AF76E:453D6007CC34FF97E95802630EFBF76E" box="[274,484,548,573]" country="Antarctica" county="Livingston Island" municipality="Trinity Island" name="Possession Islands" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="Cape">Possession Islands</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="453D6007CC34FF97E9A502630D95F76E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C84B87CACC36FF97E8DD032F0C4AF76E:453D6007CC34FF97E9A502630D95F76E" box="[495,650,548,573]" country="Antarctica" county="Livingston Island" municipality="Trinity Island" name="Moubray Bay" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="Cape">Moubray Bay</location>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8226F83ECC34FF97EA8A02630DE5F76F" box="[704,762,548,572]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Hallett.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |