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<document id="3636D97EF0FDB8158DDDA4E7BC6D9936" ID-CLB-Dataset="32747" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4293.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dc2674e2-e260-4b6e-ad3a-731d610bccc5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="828475" ID-ZooBank="6FF96B5C-1F80-47ED-9962-19603DCBF550" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1500108894142" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="ÁLVARO L. PEÑA CANTERO" docDate="2017" docId="C84B87CACC09FFAAE8DD00DF0BEEF024" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4293.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4293 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Staurotheca gracilis CANTERO, 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="20" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="3472FFB2CC16FFB5E84A00470F1FF553" masterDocTitle="Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Ross Sea (Antarctica) collected by the New Zealand Antarctic expedition BioRoss 2004 with RV Tangaroa" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1698465181473" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0CF1794CB6A93F2D467315E97A9BDFD9">Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Ross Sea (Antarctica) collected by the New Zealand Antarctic expedition BioRoss 2004 with RV Tangaroa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="B40AE0D6DA49470D1A5B22872054616E">ÁLVARO L. PEÑA CANTERO</mods:namePart>
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<mods:part id="CD0D103FD0E46152FFCA526000DC96E9">
<mods:date id="B5D93DBD293CD72D6C6FBEB053F0193F">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="5340C3C0CD8B4FC75ED33C5EA4C230F0" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="F28C839FCC864BDC560BB302CCB06A16">2017-07-14</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="8E45F74C51B50E05F2F564E93672D0C4" type="volume">
<mods:number id="320F19C4093F0B1724101343E9F18407">4293</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="005ABEF4DD3EAD9487C9142A59E606CA">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="B4E6C30281F9B9F771F55C401E7CEAD1">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5BDA769C7FB37B67D3B491C8B79F1663" type="CLB-Dataset">32747</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9CB7BDF67C5BD3D8A869BFFA45BE528C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4293.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F936F5AD2C393C3A48AD7EDBFE84C24C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1AE46500B1700E141B6825EA13A71913" type="Zenodo-Dep">828475</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7A5352100028663E5FC4CF123BE4319A" type="ZooBank">6FF96B5C-1F80-47ED-9962-19603DCBF550</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="C84B87CACC09FFAAE8DD00DF0BEEF024" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4386826" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132548887" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4386826" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C84B87CACC09FFAAE8DD00DF0BEEF024" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C84B87CACC09FFAAE8DD00DF0BEEF024" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<subSubSection id="08F86557CC09FFAAE8DD00DF0E7DF580" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="405D36DCCC09FFAAE8DD00DF0EF2F5E1" blockId="31.[151,493,152,211]" box="[151,493,152,178]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<heading id="1B1581B0CC09FFAAE8DD00DF0EF2F5E1" bold="true" box="[151,493,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAE8DD00DF0EF2F5E1" bold="true" box="[151,493,152,178]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAE8DD00DF0E97F5E1" box="[151,392,152,178]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAE8DD00DF0E97F5E1" bold="true" box="[151,392,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Staurotheca gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69A557B5CC09FFAAE9DA00DF0EF2F5E1" box="[400,493,152,178]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="405D36DCCC09FFAAE8DD00FD0E7DF580" blockId="31.[151,493,152,211]" box="[151,354,186,211]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
(
<figureCitation id="D8D92A59CC09FFAAE8D500FD0FFAF580" box="[159,229,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[476,1111,471,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[459,1123,459,1933]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Monocoryne antarctica sp. nov.: A, general view of polyp (holotype). Staurotheca gracilis sp. nov.: B, colony general appearance (holotype). C, Symplectoscyphus densus sp. nov.: C, colony general appearance (holotype). Scale bar: 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828481/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs 3</figureCitation>
B, 10D–H)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08F86557CC09FFAAE8DD01450DA2F46C" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="405D36DCCC09FFAAE8DD01450DA2F46C" blockId="31.[151,1437,258,1399]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAE8DD01450E9DF448" bold="true" box="[151,386,258,283]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Material examined.</emphasis>
Stn 53, one stem
<quantity id="871A9B39CC09FFAAEA1C01450DB8F449" box="[598,679,258,283]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
high (holotype, NIWA 115614); Stn 139, one monosiphonic stem fragment
<quantity id="871A9B39CC09FFAAE94901610E4DF46D" box="[259,338,294,319]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
long (paratype, NIWA 115615).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08F86557CC09FFAAE88D010D0E9FF798" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="405D36DCCC09FFAAE88D010D0C03F768" blockId="31.[151,1437,258,1399]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAE88D010D0EF6F430" bold="true" box="[199,489,330,355]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Description (
<typeStatus id="9F59887ECC09FFAAE920010D0EC3F430" box="[362,476,330,355]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
).
</emphasis>
Stem
<quantity id="871A9B39CC09FFAAEA0F010D0D80F431" box="[581,671,330,355]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
high (
<figureCitation id="D8D92A59CC09FFAAEAB1010D0C57F430" box="[763,840,330,355]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[476,1111,471,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[459,1123,459,1933]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Monocoryne antarctica sp. nov.: A, general view of polyp (holotype). Staurotheca gracilis sp. nov.: B, colony general appearance (holotype). C, Symplectoscyphus densus sp. nov.: C, colony general appearance (holotype). Scale bar: 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828481/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B), basally polysiphonic, irregularly branched in approximately one plane. Branches narrow at origin (
<figureCitation id="D8D92A59CC09FFAAEAA301290C25F4D4" box="[745,826,366,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[229,1355,216,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[206,1384,193,1868]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 10. Staurotheca compressa Briggs, 1938: A, hydrotheca. Staurotheca densa Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2003: B, hydrotheca. Staurotheca dichotoma Allman, 1888: C, hydrotheca. Staurotheca gracilis sp. nov.: D, basal part of a branch with hydrothecal arrangement; E – G, hydrothecae. Staurotheca nonscripta Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997: I, hydrotheca. (A, from Stn 178; B from Stn 67; C, from Stn 140; D – E, G – H from the holotype; F from the paratype; I from Stn 148). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – C, E – H), 500 µm (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828495/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
D), basally more or less perpendicular to previous one, strongly curving upwards later. Branches repeatedly branched (up to sixth order present) (
<figureCitation id="D8D92A59CC09FFAAECA701D50A27F4F8" box="[1261,1336,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[476,1111,471,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[459,1123,459,1933]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Monocoryne antarctica sp. nov.: A, general view of polyp (holotype). Staurotheca gracilis sp. nov.: B, colony general appearance (holotype). C, Symplectoscyphus densus sp. nov.: C, colony general appearance (holotype). Scale bar: 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828481/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B), with anastomose. A few perisarc constrictions irregularly distributed along stem and branches. Hydrothecae typically arranged in decussate verticils of three, resulting in six longitudinal rows of hydrothecae. Decussate pairs also present in some parts (
<figureCitation id="D8D92A59CC09FFAAE9E301B90EE0F744" box="[425,511,510,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[229,1355,216,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[206,1384,193,1868]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 10. Staurotheca compressa Briggs, 1938: A, hydrotheca. Staurotheca densa Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2003: B, hydrotheca. Staurotheca dichotoma Allman, 1888: C, hydrotheca. Staurotheca gracilis sp. nov.: D, basal part of a branch with hydrothecal arrangement; E – G, hydrothecae. Staurotheca nonscripta Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997: I, hydrotheca. (A, from Stn 178; B from Stn 67; C, from Stn 140; D – E, G – H from the holotype; F from the paratype; I from Stn 148). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – C, E – H), 500 µm (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828495/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
D). Hydrotheca elongate (
<figureCitation id="D8D92A59CC09FFAAEB7B01B90C99F744" box="[817,902,510,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[229,1355,216,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[206,1384,193,1868]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 10. Staurotheca compressa Briggs, 1938: A, hydrotheca. Staurotheca densa Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2003: B, hydrotheca. Staurotheca dichotoma Allman, 1888: C, hydrotheca. Staurotheca gracilis sp. nov.: D, basal part of a branch with hydrothecal arrangement; E – G, hydrothecae. Staurotheca nonscripta Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997: I, hydrotheca. (A, from Stn 178; B from Stn 67; C, from Stn 140; D – E, G – H from the holotype; F from the paratype; I from Stn 148). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – C, E – H), 500 µm (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828495/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
D–H), roughly cylindrical, almost completely adnate to branch, and with mushroom-shaped diaphragm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="405D36DCCC09FFAAE88D02010E9FF798" blockId="31.[151,1437,258,1399]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAE88D02010EC2F70C" bold="true" box="[199,477,582,607]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Measurements (in µm).</emphasis>
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAE9AE02010D6CF70C" box="[484,627,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hydrothecae</emphasis>
: abcauline wall 700–800, free part of adcauline wall 30–60, adnate part of adcauline wall 800–930, adcauline wall 830–980, diameter at aperture 230–260, maximum diameter 330–350, diameter at diaphragm 300–310.
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEA5402C90D9CF7F4" box="[542,643,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Cnidome</emphasis>
: larger microbasic mastigophores
<date id="345C101CCC09FFAAEC5002C80B65F7F5" box="[1050,1146,655,679]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="1922-10-24">22–24 x</date>
5–6, smaller microbasic mastigophores
<date id="345C101CCC09FFAAE90B02F40E7BF799" box="[321,356,691,715]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">9 x</date>
2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08F86557CC09FFAAE88D02910FFCF000" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="405D36DCCC09FFAAE88D02910EA0F058" blockId="31.[151,1437,258,1399]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAE88D02910E24F7BC" bold="true" box="[199,315,726,751]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species is easily distinguishable from other species of
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAEB9002910B40F7BC" box="[986,1119,726,751]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEB9002910B40F7BC" box="[986,1119,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Staurotheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the shape and size of the hydrotheca, which is relatively high and thin. Among the known species of
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEBAA02BD0B72F640" box="[992,1133,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAEBAA02BD0B77F640" box="[992,1128,762,787]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Staurotheca</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
only six species (
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAED7902BC0A8AF640" box="[1331,1429,763,787]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAED7902BC0A8AF640" box="[1331,1429,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAE8DD03580E31F664" box="[151,302,798,823]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAE8DD03580E31F664" box="[151,302,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAE90803580EB0F665" box="[322,431,799,822]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="juncea">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAE90803580EB0F665" box="[322,431,799,822]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. juncea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAE98803580D71F664" box="[450,622,798,823]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multifurcata">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAE98803580D71F664" box="[450,622,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. multifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAEACB03580C4CF664" box="[641,851,798,823]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undosiparietina">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEACB03580C4CF664" box="[641,851,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. undosiparietina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAEBD603580B5EF664" box="[924,1089,798,823]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vanhoeffeni">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEBD603580B5EF664" box="[924,1089,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. vanhoeffeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are characterized by having mushroom-shaped diaphragm and hydrothecae arranged in decussate verticils and almost completely immersed into the branches.
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAE92E03210D5AF62C" box="[356,581,870,895]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAE92E03210D5AF62C" box="[356,581,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Staurotheca gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69A557B5CC09FFAAEA0603210DB9F62C" box="[588,678,870,895]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEA0603210DB9F62C" bold="true" box="[588,678,870,895]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
also clearly differs from
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAEB8A03200B3DF62C" box="[960,1058,871,895]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEB8A03200B3DF62C" box="[960,1058,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAEC7A03200B88F62D" box="[1072,1175,871,894]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="juncea">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEC7A03200B88F62D" box="[1072,1175,871,894]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. juncea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAECEE03200A56F62C" box="[1188,1353,870,895]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multifurcata">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAECEE03200A56F62C" box="[1188,1353,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. multifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAEDCD03200E56F6F0" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undosiparietina">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEDCD03200E56F6F0" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. undosiparietina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of anastomoses among the branches. In this character, however,
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAED5C03CD0FF2F694" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAED5C03CD0FF2F694" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Staurotheca gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69A557B5CC09FFAAE8BE03E90E52F694" box="[244,333,942,967]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAE8BE03E90E52F694" bold="true" box="[244,333,942,967]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAE9AB03E80D6BF694" box="[481,628,942,967]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAE9AB03E80D6BF694" box="[481,628,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAEAE103E80C55F694" box="[683,842,942,967]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vanhoeffeni">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEAE103E80C55F694" box="[683,842,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. vanhoeffeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAEB1203E90B25F694" box="[856,1082,942,967]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEB1203E90B25F694" box="[856,1082,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Staurotheca gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69A557B5CC09FFAAEC0803E90B83F694" box="[1090,1180,942,967]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEC0803E90B83F694" bold="true" box="[1090,1180,942,967]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from these two species by the shape of the hydrotheca, which has, in frontal view, a more or less constant diameter along its length, and is distinctly thinner (the hydrotheca is more robust in
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAEB0203B00CC1F15C" box="[840,990,1014,1039]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEB0203B00CC1F15C" box="[840,990,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAEC5603B00BA0F15C" box="[1052,1215,1014,1039]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vanhoeffeni">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEC5603B00BA0F15C" box="[1052,1215,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. vanhoeffeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), having a smaller diameter at the aperture (e.g., diameter at the aperture is 273–332 µm in
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAEBBE045C0B95F160" box="[1012,1162,1050,1075]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEBBE045C0B95F160" box="[1012,1162,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 273–312 µm in
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAEDCD045C0E05F104" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vanhoeffeni">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEDCD045C0E05F104" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. vanhoeffeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, cf.
<bibRefCitation id="24734B2DCC09FFAAE90604780D6DF104" author="Pena" box="[332,626,1086,1111]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L., Svoboda, A. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1997 b) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from recent Antarctic expeditions with R. V. &quot; Polarstern &quot;, with the description of eight new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 119, 339 - 388." type="journal article" year="1997" yearSuffix="b">
Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAE9A304780D3EF104" box="[489,545,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
1997b
</bibRefCitation>
). Concerning the number of longitudinal rows of hydrothecae,
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAED7F04780A83F105" box="[1333,1436,1087,1110]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="juncea">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAED7F04780A83F105" box="[1333,1436,1087,1110]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. juncea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAE88C04240E74F128" box="[198,363,1122,1147]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multifurcata">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAE88C04240E74F128" box="[198,363,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. multifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have up to 12,
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAEA5204240DF9F128" box="[536,742,1122,1147]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undosiparietina">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEA5204240DF9F128" box="[536,742,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. undosiparietina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
up to ten and
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAEBCE04240CF9F128" box="[900,998,1123,1147]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEBCE04240CF9F128" box="[900,998,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAEC5704240BA3F128" box="[1053,1212,1122,1147]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vanhoeffeni">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEC5704240BA3F128" box="[1053,1212,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. vanhoeffeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
up to eight. Only
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAEDCD04240E12F1CC" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEDCD04240E12F1CC" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been described having up to six longitudinal rows; it is characterized by having verticils of three hydrothecae or decussate pairs. Even when a few decussate pairs have been observed in the material of
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAED6004EC0A84F190" box="[1322,1435,1194,1219]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAED6004EC0A84F190" box="[1322,1435,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69A557B5CC09FFAAE8DD04890FEDF1B4" box="[151,242,1230,1255]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAE8DD04890FEDF1B4" bold="true" box="[151,242,1230,1255]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, they cannot be considered as characteristic as in
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAEB7804880CD9F1B4" box="[818,966,1230,1255]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEB7804880CD9F1B4" box="[818,966,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which whole colonies with decussate pairs have been described.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="405D36DCCC09FFAAE88D05510FFCF000" blockId="31.[151,1437,258,1399]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<materialsCitation id="F08A3C81CC09FFAAE88D05510FFCF000" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572325120" elevation="236" location="Moubray Bay" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAE88D05510EE6F07C" bold="true" box="[199,505,1302,1327]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
Material collected at depths between 197 and
<elevation id="CBCFD1EFCC09FFAAEC5B05510B45F07D" box="[1041,1114,1302,1327]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="236.0">
<quantity id="871A9B39CC09FFAAEC5B05510B45F07D" box="[1041,1114,1302,1327]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="236.0">236 m</quantity>
</elevation>
off
<location id="453D6007CC09FFAAECC605510A37F07C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C84B87CACC09FFAAE8DD00DF0BEEF024:453D6007CC09FFAAECC605510A37F07C" box="[1164,1320,1302,1327]" name="Moubray Bay" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Cape">Moubray Bay</location>
and
<collectingRegion id="8226F83ECC09FFAAED2805500A83F07C" box="[1378,1436,1303,1327]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Cape</collectingRegion>
Hallet.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08F86557CC09FFAAE88D05190BEEF024" box="[199,1265,1374,1399]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="405D36DCCC09FFAAE88D05190BEEF024" blockId="31.[151,1437,258,1399]" box="[199,1265,1374,1399]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAE88D05190E51F024" bold="true" box="[199,334,1374,1399]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name
<taxonomicName id="87E24D5FCC09FFAAEA6305190D61F024" box="[553,638,1374,1399]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="7296EACECC09FFAAEA6305190D61F024" box="[553,638,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the gracile, elongate shape of the hydrothecae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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