139 lines
15 KiB
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139 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E6D99852F24B4A029A780EEEB23E5AF7">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9FBA0B03BF69D1C5A18FE167D3E68501">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D62582FDBB85855F1A17A0C849889F4F" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="31BA0513DF13F2CF173114D60D8D141A">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E06688AAC66D3504B9CA9539E2BAB5C3">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8E551FCC28794360752A388A4ECBBABB" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="A0A79CB3033C1418435898A1BC343F0A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D421E8DED39FD5ADF57223992072E5D0">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="23165740463D40AA5B9985138CF73F1B">2023-02-07</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B77FFCDFF56FCEAFEB3FA91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639750" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209290952" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639750" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B77FFCDFF56FCEAFEB3FA91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B77FFCDFF56FCEAFEB3FA91" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B77FFCDFF56FCEAFDAEFCE1" box="[151,592,787,814]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B77FFCDFF56FCEAFDAEFCE1" blockId="97.[151,592,787,814]" box="[151,592,787,814]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B77FFCDFF56FCEAFDAEFCE1" bold="true" box="[151,592,787,814]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B77FFCDFF56FCEAFDAEFCE1" ID-CoL="5B8K2" authority="Grasshoff, 1999" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,592,787,814]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cerasina">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B77FFCDFF56FCEAFDAEFCE1" bold="true" box="[151,592,787,814]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B77FFCDFF56FCEAFE7DFCE1" bold="true" box="[151,387,787,814]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Verrucella cerasina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B77FFCDFE4BFCEDFDAEFCE1" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[394,592,788,814]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B77FFCDFF56FCA1FC70FC7C" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B77FFCDFF56FCA1FC30FCBF" blockId="97.[151,974,856,881]" box="[151,974,856,881]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B77FFCDFF56FCA1FDCFFCBE" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[151,561,856,881]" page="82" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" year="1999">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B77FFCDFF56FCA1FDCFFCBE" ID-CoL="5B8K2" authority="Grasshoff, 1999: 82" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityPageNumber="82" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,561,856,881]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cerasina">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B77FFCDFF56FCA1FEA0FCBF" box="[151,350,856,880]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Verrucella cerasina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B77FFCDFEA4FCA1FDCFFCBE" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[357,561,856,881]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff, 1999: 82</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 137; pl. 10, fig. 2 (
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).
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B77FFCDFF56FC60FC70FC7C" blockId="97.[151,910,921,948]" box="[151,910,921,948]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Opinion: There is no evidence that this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B77FFCDFF56FC18FEB3FA91" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B77FFCDFF56FC18FED7FC34" blockId="97.[151,1437,993,1092]" box="[151,297,993,1019]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B77FFCDFF06FBFCFC1DFB8C" blockId="97.[151,1437,993,1092]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B77FFCDFF06FBFCFC4CFBD0" box="[199,946,1029,1055]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B77FFCDFC05FBFFFB2BFBD0" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[964,1237,1029,1056]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B77FFCDFBDDFBFFFBAEFBD0" box="[1052,1104,1029,1055]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014a: 34
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 14, fig. A–D (Andaman Is.);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B77FFCDFE89FBD0FD95FB8C" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[328,619,1065,1092]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B77FFCDFE79FBD3FE14FB8C" box="[440,490,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 260
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 121, fig. A–D (Andaman Is.).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B77FFCDFF06FB94FEB3FA91" blockId="97.[151,1436,1132,1374]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B77FFCDFF06FB94FE60FB49" box="[199,414,1132,1158]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: The publications of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B77FFCDFD5DFB94FC6CFB49" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[668,914,1132,1159]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B77FFCDFD34FB94FCCFFB49" box="[757,817,1132,1158]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">et al.</emphasis>
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(2014a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B77FFCDFC11FB95FB28FB49" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[976,1238,1132,1158]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B77FFCDFB85FB94FB7EFB49" box="[1092,1152,1132,1158]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">et al.</emphasis>
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(2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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present identical accounts, but it is not possible to assess all the true characters of the material because the text describing the sclerites is taken word-for-word from Grasshoff’s paper, even the dimensions. The copied statements “the polyps are little elevated and scattered” and “double heads with the girdle free of tubercles weakly developed” do not match their illustrations of a branch segment and of the sclerites. This species is probably endemic to
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B77FFCDFBBBFB04FAD4FAD9" box="[1146,1322,1276,1303]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B77FFCDFAF5FB04FEFBFAF4" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K." pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="15 - 33" refId="ref103709" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K. (2015) Abundance of shallow water octocorals in the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. In: Venkataraman, K. & Sivaperuman, C. (Eds.), Marine faunal diversity in India: taxonomy, ecology and conservation. London Academic Press, London, pp. 15 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 801948 - 1.00002 - 1" type="book chapter" year="2015">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B77FFCDFA49FB04FF53FAF5" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">et al</emphasis>
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. (2015)
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</bibRefCitation>
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just lists the species and illustrate the colony from the 2014 paper above, while
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B77FFCDFB42FAD8FA93FAF5" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Geetha, S. & Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R." box="[1155,1389,1312,1339]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="96 - 102" refId="ref103354" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Geetha, S., Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R. (2018 a) Diversity and distribution of gorgonians (Octocorallia) in the Long Island and it's adjacent areas in Middle Andaman, India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 47, 96 - 102." type="journal article" year="2018">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B77FFCDFB16FAD8FAF6FAF5" box="[1239,1288,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">et al</emphasis>
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. (2018a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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just lists the species.
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</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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