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140 KiB
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505 lines
140 KiB
XML
<document id="A1FB38463231F4D2246B8DBA6291BDA3" ID-CLB-Dataset="307690" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.jcz.2024.10.003" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bf4754af-6364-48c0-9123-d89b4227ac98" ID-ISSN="1873-2674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14701192" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1737348030813" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Adrianov, A. V. & Maiorova, A. S." docDate="2024" docId="03DC0F257C27483DFC8EF9E2BFF75E26" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolAnz.313.161-174.pdf" docOrigin="Zoologischer Anzeiger 313" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2024.10.003" docStyle="DocumentStyle:32483D6D135DE2FF927BA3F1400E0FFD.1:ZoolAnz.2022-.journal_article" docStyleId="32483D6D135DE2FF927BA3F1400E0FFD" docStyleName="ZoolAnz.2022-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Sphenoderes japonicus Adrianov & Maiorova, 2024, sp. nov" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="169" masterDocId="FFE5775D7C264835FFDFFFACBE5A5808" masterDocTitle="Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. - The first deep water representative of the family Semnoderidae (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) in the sea of Japan" masterLastPageNumber="174" masterPageNumber="161" pageNumber="162" updateTime="1737385196270" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B5D74815A0608DAC8AAE57FE319A8ED1">
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<mods:title id="2310AE8E98A6C096EA2FEAE9CA999D69">Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. - The first deep water representative of the family Semnoderidae (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) in the sea of Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C7C0BF7F8578F223A08CBF3C14015A22">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7C80324162B9046861A7F3FD96649F82">Adrianov, A. V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="1C6DC5C09199EAAE5602CE33AD562D89" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="700BB2C2D0DCD4B97CEDEC400518AA5E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A66AD90D08D629A98FBCD4084B834B4E">Maiorova, A. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4954EA2E8EB2834CD95923988F97CAD2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9D0E64FC5A93C1CAB06E19C9D99E09E2">Zoologischer Anzeiger</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="225B76D6AAC0DB35F20E35187374C828">
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<mods:date id="C6A641C26BC8C985FD4096EFCA6957D8">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B26886C0953E6C0F8D03F829A2ED4EE7" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="576DB8A229A7E69D258E07CB4EC71463">2024-11-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="3401A9770AEF57F286C15129A84C2C6F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="42640CE1738E20436F572ACC7D737F27">313</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="4A2831220AD4B0794220A25E2A0783C8">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2024.10.003</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="E6124B27D0DE71FC063231123DEF302A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0E8C0F4B5D780764FB70DF7CCAD1EC10" type="CLB-Dataset">307690</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="42A6D49B5664ADBF4250BC8C3CCE0E0C" type="DOI">10.1016/j.jcz.2024.10.003</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DC0F257C27483DFC8EF9E2BFF75E26" ID-GBIF-Taxon="252606880" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC0F257C27483DFC8EF9E2BFF75E26" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC0F257C27483DFC8EF9E2BFF75E26" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" scope_class="Cyclorhagida" scope_family="Semnoderidae" scope_genus="Sphenoderes" scope_phylum="Kinorhyncha">
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<subSubSection id="C36FEDB87C274834FC8EF9E2BAD95E69" box="[849,1155,1614,1633]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCABE337C274834FC8EF9E2BAD95E69" blockId="1.[849,1164,1585,1633]" box="[849,1155,1614,1633]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
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<taxonomicName id="4C75C5B07C274834FC8EF9E2BDE65E69" ID-CoL="CPSMR" authorityName="Adrianov & Maiorova" authorityYear="2024" box="[849,956,1614,1633]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Semnoderidae" genus="Sphenoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Kentrorhagata" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="japonicus" status="sp. nov">
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<emphasis id="B90162217C274834FC8EF9E2BDE65E69" bold="true" box="[849,956,1614,1633]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">S. japonicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232DF5A7C274834FC1CF9E2BA5C5E69" box="[963,1030,1614,1633]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C274834FBCBF9E2BA085E69" box="[1044,1106,1614,1633]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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–12).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36FEDB87C274831FCEDF929BC205DE2" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCABE337C274834FCEDF929BD925E90" blockId="1.[818,1487,1669,1968]" box="[818,968,1669,1688]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
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<emphasis id="B90162217C274834FCEDF929BD925E90" bold="true" box="[818,968,1669,1688]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">3.1.1. Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCABE337C274831FC8EF90DBF045D72" blockId="1.[818,1487,1669,1968]" lastBlockId="4.[100,769,1355,1403]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
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Adult with trunk Segment 1 with smooth cuticle; trunk segments 2–11 with minute scale-like cuticular elements in between anterior margin and free flap; free flap wide, with distinct longitudinal lines; acicular middorsal spines on trunk segments 1–11; acicular lateroventral spines on trunk segments 3–9; additional pair of cuspidate spines in lateroventral position on trunk segment 5; trunk segment 9 with a pair of large ventromedial papillae in females; trunk segment 10 with a pair of acicular (in female) or crenulated (in male) spines in laterodorsal/ midlateral position; trunk segment 11 with very long midterminal spine (93–95 % of trunk length), pair of lateral terminal spines and additional pair of long acicular spines in laterodorsal position, with three pairs of large sensory spots
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<typeStatus id="54CE00917C224831FEC2FAC4BF1C5D73" box="[285,326,1384,1403]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">type</typeStatus>
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3.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF0AEEBB7C244837FF7EFDDABBC95A8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701194" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14701194" box="[161,1427,630,647]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701194/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" startId="2.[161,191,630,647]" targetBox="[339,1247,149,600]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BCABE337C244837FF7EFDDABBC95A8F" blockId="2.[161,1427,630,647]" box="[161,1427,630,647]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">
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<emphasis id="B90162217C244837FF7EFDDABE805A8F" bold="true" box="[161,218,630,647]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
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A-B, bottom surface in the sampling area. A, 515 m depth. B, 1530 m depth (from Fig. 4, Cruise Report SoJaBio 2010;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE4C3C27C244837FB3AFDDABBDC5A8F" author="Brandt, A. & Malyutina, M. & Majorova, N. & Bashmanov, A. & Brenke, N. & Chizhova, T. & Elsner, N. & Golovan, O. C. G. & Kaplunenko, D. & Karnaukhov, A. & Kharlamenko, V. A. & Koptev, E. K. & Kudryavtsev, A. & Lejzerowicz, F. & Miljutin, D. & Minin, K. O. P. & Schwabe, L." box="[1253,1414,630,647]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" refId="ref8446" refString="Brandt, A., Malyutina, M., Majorova, N., Bashmanov, A., Brenke, N., Chizhova, T., Elsner, N., Golovan, O. C. G., Kaplunenko, D., Karnaukhov, A., Kharlamenko, V. A., Koptev, E. K., Kudryavtsev, A., Lejzerowicz, F., Miljutin, D., Minin, K. O. P., Schwabe, L., 2010. The Russian-German deep-sea expedition (SoJaBio) to the Sea of Japan onboard of the R / V akademik lavrentyev (51 st cruise, August 11 th - september 5 th, 2010). The Cruise Report. https: // doi. org / 10.13140 / RG. 2.1.1818. 2809." type="book" year="2010">Brandt et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF0AEEBB7C244837FFBBF95BBB6F5F66" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" startId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" targetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BCABE337C244837FFBBF95BBB6F5F66" blockId="2.[100,1489,1782,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">
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<emphasis id="B90162217C244837FFBBF95BBF0D5F00" bold="true" box="[100,343,1783,1800]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">
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Fig. 2.
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<taxonomicName id="4C75C5B07C244837FF7AF95BBF0D5F00" authorityName="Adrianov & Maiorova" authorityYear="2024" box="[165,343,1783,1800]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Semnoderidae" genus="Sphenoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Kentrorhagata" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="japonicus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90162217C244837FF7AF95BBF0D5F00" bold="true" box="[165,343,1783,1800]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Sphenoderes japonicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232DF5A7C244837FE83F954BFC45F00" box="[348,414,1784,1800]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF0AEEBB7C254836FFBBFA01BA8B5E35" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701200" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14701200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701200/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" startId="3.[100,130,1453,1470]" targetBox="[207,1379,508,1424]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BCABE337C254836FFBBFA01BA8B5E35" blockId="3.[100,1488,1453,1598]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">
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<emphasis id="B90162217C254836FFBBFA01BEC75DB6" bold="true" box="[100,157,1453,1470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
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Light micrographs of
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<taxonomicName id="4C75C5B07C254836FE81FA01BC4B5DB6" authorityName="Adrianov & Maiorova" authorityYear="2024" box="[350,529,1453,1470]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Semnoderidae" genus="Sphenoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Kentrorhagata" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="japonicus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90162217C254836FE81FA01BC4B5DB6" bold="true" box="[350,529,1453,1470]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Sphenoderes japonicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232DF5A7C254836FDC8FA01BC065DB5" box="[535,604,1453,1469]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, holotype female (MIMB49932). A-B, venral view. C-F, dorsal view. A, neck and trunk segments 1–6; B, trunk segments 8–11; C, neck and trunk segments 1–7; D, neck and trunk segment 1; E-F, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 100 μm; D-F 20 μm. Abbreviations: gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; lvss(3), lateroventral sensory spot type 3; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted circles indicate glandular cell outlets; white pecked circles indicate female papillae; white arrowhead indicates midventral placid; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment; black pecked arrow indicates paraventral fissures of first trunk segment.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF0AEEBB7C224831FFBBFB69BCAB5D2A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701204" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14701204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701204/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" startId="4.[100,130,1221,1238]" targetBox="[107,765,149,1192]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BCABE337C224831FFBBFB69BCAB5D2A" blockId="4.[100,771,1220,1314]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">
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<emphasis id="B90162217C224831FFBBFB69BEFB5CDE" bold="true" box="[100,161,1221,1238]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
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Light micrograph of
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<taxonomicName id="4C75C5B07C224831FEBCFB68BC435CDE" authorityName="Adrianov & Maiorova" authorityYear="2024" box="[355,537,1220,1238]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Semnoderidae" genus="Sphenoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Kentrorhagata" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="japonicus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90162217C224831FEBCFB68BC435CDE" bold="true" box="[355,537,1220,1238]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Sphenoderes japonicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232DF5A7C224831FDFDFB69BC315CDD" box="[546,619,1221,1237]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, holotype female (MIMB49932). Ventral view of segments 8–11. Bar 100 μm. Abbreviations; ldac10, laterodorsal acicular spine of trunk segment 10; ooc, oocytes; rs, seminal receptacle; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BCABE337C224831FFBBFA33BF595DBA" blockId="4.[100,769,1439,1514]" box="[100,259,1439,1458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">
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<emphasis id="B90162217C224831FFBBFA33BF595DBA" bold="true" box="[100,259,1439,1458]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">3.1.2. Etymology</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCABE337C224831FF5BFA17BC205DE2" blockId="4.[100,769,1439,1514]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">
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The species name refers to the Russian-speaking name of the Sea of
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<collectingCountry id="F362FEA37C224831FFBBFA7BBEC65DE2" box="[100,156,1495,1514]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Japan</collectingCountry>
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(“Japanese Sea”) where this species is discovered.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36FEDB87C22483DFFBBF9A2BFF75E26" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCABE337C224831FFBBF9A2BF145E29" blockId="4.[100,771,1550,1961]" box="[100,334,1550,1569]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">
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<emphasis id="B90162217C224831FFBBF9A2BF145E29" bold="true" box="[100,334,1550,1569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">3.1.3. Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCABE337C224831FF5BF987BEFD5F30" blockId="4.[100,771,1550,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">
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<emphasis id="B90162217C224831FF5BF987BF5C5E35" bold="true" box="[132,262,1578,1598]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B1DB46E7C224831FED3F986BEBC5EC1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="5029140302" collectingDate="2010-08-14" collectionCode="RV, NSCMB, FEB" collectorName="Akademik M. A. Lavrentyev" country="Japan" elevation="1530" latitude="44.79422" location="Sea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="137.25504" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" specimenCode="MIMB 49932" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54CE00917C224831FED3F986BF3F5E35" box="[268,357,1578,1597]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, adult female, collected in the
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<location id="8EAAE8E87C224831FD55F987BCF05E36" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC0F257C27483DFC8EF9E2BFF75E26:8EAAE8E87C224831FD55F987BCF05E36" box="[650,682,1579,1598]" country="Japan" latitude="44.79422" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="137.25504" name="Sea" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Sea</location>
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of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362FEA37C224831FD15F987BD585E36" box="[714,770,1579,1598]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE41D8F47C224831FFB4F9EABF5A5E52" box="[107,256,1603,1626]" degrees="44" direction="north" minutes="47.6533" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" precision="1" value="44.79422">
|
||
44
|
||
<superScript id="7C00137B7C224831FF5BF9EFBED15E58" attach="left" box="[132,139,1603,1616]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">◦</superScript>
|
||
47.6533’ N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE41D8F47C224831FED5F9EABFC45E51" box="[266,414,1603,1625]" degrees="137" direction="east" minutes="15.3019" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" precision="1" value="137.25504">
|
||
137
|
||
<superScript id="7C00137B7C224831FEF1F9EFBF6F5E58" attach="left" box="[302,309,1603,1616]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">◦</superScript>
|
||
15.3019 E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) at
|
||
<elevation id="005859007C224831FE1CF9EABC125E51" box="[451,584,1606,1626]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.53" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="1530.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D13D67C224831FE1CF9EABC515E52" box="[451,523,1606,1626]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.53" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="1530.0">1530 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
in
|
||
<date id="FFCB98F37C224831FDB9F9EABD585E51" box="[614,770,1606,1625]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" value="2010-08-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8F611B7C224831FDB9F9EABD585E51" box="[614,770,1606,1625]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" value="2010-08-14">August 14, 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6426F67C224831FF7CF9CFBEE55E7E" box="[163,191,1635,1654]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">RV</collectionCode>
|
||
“
|
||
<collectorName id="2680DBE57C224831FF11F9CEBF965E7E" box="[206,460,1634,1654]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev</collectorName>
|
||
”; sample of oxidized brown clay; mounted in VECTASHIELD® on Higgins-Shirayama plastic slide frames deposited at the Museum of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6426F67C224831FEAEF936BFBE5EA5" box="[369,484,1690,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">NSCMB FEB</collectionCode>
|
||
RAS under accession number:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD316487C224831FFBBF91ABEBC5EC1" box="[100,230,1718,1737]" collectionCode="MIMB" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">MIMB 49932</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1DB46E7C224831FF2DF91ABEF95F30" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="5029140303" collectingDate="2010-08-14" collectionCode="NSCMB, FEB" collectorName="Akademik M. A. Lavrentyev" country="Japan" elevation="1530" latitude="44.79422" location="Sea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="137.25504" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" specimenCode="MIMB 49933, 49934" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE00917C224831FF2DF91ABF0A5EC1" box="[242,336,1718,1737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, adult female and two pre-adult stages with same sampling data as for the holotype; mounted in VECTASHIELD® on Higgins-Shirayama plastic slide frames; deposited at the Museum of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6426F67C224831FFBBF8A6BE835F15" box="[100,217,1802,1821]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">NSCMB FEB</collectionCode>
|
||
RAS under accession numbers:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD316487C224831FDD0F8A6BCD55F15" box="[527,655,1802,1821]" collectionCode="MIMB" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">MIMB 49933</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD316487C224831FD44F8A6BC8D5F15" box="[667,727,1802,1821]" collectionCode="MIMB" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">49934</specimenCode>
|
||
and 49935
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C224831FF5BF8EDBAC258CB" blockId="4.[100,771,1550,1961]" lastBlockId="4.[818,1487,148,195]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90162217C224831FF5BF8EDBF505F5C" bold="true" box="[132,266,1857,1876]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE00917C224831FF5BF8EDBF505F5C" box="[132,266,1857,1876]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Other material</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7375BA7C224831FEC4F8EEBF215F5C" box="[283,379,1857,1877]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" type="adult">One adult</specimenCount>
|
||
male and
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1DB46E7C224831FE33F8EEBC175F78" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="5029140301" collectingDate="2010-08-14" collectionCode="RV, NSCMB, FEB" collectorName="Akademik M. A. Lavrentyev" country="Japan" elevation="1530" latitude="44.79422" location="Sea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="137.25504" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7375BA7C224831FE33F8EEBC125F5C" box="[492,584,1857,1877]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" type="adult">one adult</specimenCount>
|
||
female with same sampling data as for the holotype, mounted for SEM
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1DB46E7C224831FD89F8F2BDFF58CB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="5029140304" collectionCode="NSCMB, IMB" country="Japan" elevation="515" latitude="44.943996" location="Sea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="137.20177" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7375BA7C224831FD89F8F2BCF55F78" box="[598,687,1885,1905]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" type="adult">two adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females, collected from brown clay in the
|
||
<location id="8EAAE8E87C224831FE75F8D5BF905F84" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC0F257C27483DFC8EF9E2BFF75E26:8EAAE8E87C224831FE75F8D5BF905F84" box="[426,458,1913,1932]" country="Japan" latitude="44.943996" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="137.20177" name="Sea" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Sea</location>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362FEA37C224831FE32F8D6BC7F5F85" box="[493,549,1914,1933]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE41D8F47C224831FDEBF8D5BC905F85" box="[564,714,1910,1934]" degrees="44" direction="north" minutes="56.6397" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" precision="1" value="44.943996">
|
||
44
|
||
<superScript id="7C00137B7C224831FD92F8DABC0E5F8B" attach="left" box="[589,596,1910,1923]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">◦</superScript>
|
||
56.6397′ N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE41D8F47C224831FD0AF8D5BE885FA0" degrees="137" direction="east" minutes="12.1063" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" precision="1" value="137.20177">
|
||
137
|
||
<superScript id="7C00137B7C224831FD26F8DABD5A5F8B" attach="none" box="[761,768,1910,1923]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">◦</superScript>
|
||
12.1063’ E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) at
|
||
<elevation id="005859007C224831FF20F839BFDA5FA0" box="[255,384,1941,1961]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="515.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D13D67C224831FF20F839BF655FA1" box="[255,319,1941,1961]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="515.0">515 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
in August
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D13D67C224831FE2CF839BC7D5FA0" box="[499,551,1941,1960]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" unit="in" value="13.0">13 in</quantity>
|
||
the same cruise, also mounted for SEM. This material is also deposited at the Museum of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6426F67C224831FCEDFF1CBDFF58CB" box="[818,933,176,195]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">NSCMB IMB</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1DB46E7C224831FC73FF1CBACE58CB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="5029140305" box="[940,1172,176,195]" collectionCode="MIMB" country="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" specimenCode="MIMB 50052" specimenCount="1">
|
||
FER RAS (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD316487C224831FBD4FF1CBAD758CB" box="[1035,1165,176,195]" collectionCode="MIMB" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">MIMB 50052</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C224831FCEDFF4BBD8D58F2" blockId="4.[818,1488,231,1980]" box="[818,983,231,250]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90162217C224831FCEDFF4BBD8D58F2" bold="true" box="[818,983,231,250]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">3.1.4. Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C224831FC8EFEAFBB635B20" blockId="4.[818,1488,231,1980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">
|
||
The body in adults is stout, triangular in cross-section, with very long midterminal spine (about 95 % of trunk length in average). Primary scalids consist of a basal sheath and a long, flexible distal portion with a blunt tip, without external pseudosegmentation and any internal septa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FCE5FEDFBDC0598E" box="[826,922,371,390]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[100,130,1456,1473]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,560,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[206,1381,559,1428]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Light micrographs of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., paratype female (MIMB49933). A-B, dorsal view. C-D, ventral view. E, lateral view, right side. A, total view; B, head, neck and trunk segment 1; C, head, neck and trunk segments 1–5; D, trunk segments 10–11; E, trunk segment 11. Bar A, 100 μm; B-E, 50 μm. Abbreviations: gc, hypodermal gland; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdp, middorsal placid; mts, midterminal spime; mvp, midventral placid; pdp, paradorsal placid; ss1, first spinoscalids; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spots type 3; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701208/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Fig. 5A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Number and arrangement of scalids, at least in the well visible dorsal and ventral sectors (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FBB1FE23BA9159AA" box="[1134,1227,399,418]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[100,130,1456,1473]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,560,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[206,1381,559,1428]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Light micrographs of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., paratype female (MIMB49933). A-B, dorsal view. C-D, ventral view. E, lateral view, right side. A, total view; B, head, neck and trunk segment 1; C, head, neck and trunk segments 1–5; D, trunk segments 10–11; E, trunk segment 11. Bar A, 100 μm; B-E, 50 μm. Abbreviations: gc, hypodermal gland; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdp, middorsal placid; mts, midterminal spime; mvp, midventral placid; pdp, paradorsal placid; ss1, first spinoscalids; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spots type 3; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701208/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Fig. 5A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
), seem to be congruent with those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C5B07C224831FC4FFE06BBC559B6" authority="Sorensen et Landers, 2018" authorityName="Sorensen et Landers" authorityYear="2018" box="[912,1439,426,446]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Semnoderidae" genus="Sphenoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Kentrorhagata" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="aspidochelone">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90162217C224831FC4FFE06BADD59B5" bold="true" box="[912,1159,426,445]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Sphenoderes aspidochelone</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4C3C27C224831FB4CFE07BBC559B6" author="Sorensen, M. V. & Landers, S. C." box="[1171,1439,427,446]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" pagination="327 - 355" refId="ref9346" refString="Sorensen, M. V., Landers, S. C., 2018. New species of Semnoderidae (kinorhyncha: cyclorhagida: kentrorhagata) from the gulf of Mexico. Mar. Biodivers. 48, 327 - 355. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 017 - 0728 - x." type="journal article" year="2018">Sørensen et Landers, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C5B07C224831FCEDFE6ABAAA59D2" authority="Sorensen et Herranz, 2022" authorityName="Sorensen et Herranz" authorityYear="2022" box="[818,1264,454,474]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Semnoderidae" genus="Sphenoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Kentrorhagata" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="neptunus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90162217C224831FCEDFE6ABDA959D2" bold="true" box="[818,1011,454,474]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Sphenoderes neptunus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4C3C27C224831FC27FE6BBAAA59D2" author="Sorensen, M. V. & Herranz, M." box="[1016,1264,455,474]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" pagination="150 - 166" refId="ref9287" refString="Sorensen, M. V., Herranz, M., 2022. Adult moulting and dimorphism in a new species of Sphenoderes (Kinorhyncha: kentrorhagata) - is the exception becoming the rule? Acta Zool. 103, 150 - 166. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / azo. 12361." type="journal article" year="2022">Sørensen et Herranz, 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nevertheless, complete information about the introvert morphology could not be obtained from the only specimen with not completely everted head. The neck has 16 placids; midventral and middorsal ones, located in deep midventral and middorsal incisions of first trunk segment, are largest and conical or nearly triangular in shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FB9FFDFEBADB5A6D" box="[1088,1153,594,613]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FB69FDFEBAA35A6D" box="[1206,1273,594,613]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1453,1470]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,508,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[206,1381,506,1425]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Light micrographs of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., holotype female (MIMB49932). A-B, venral view. C-F, dorsal view. A, neck and trunk segments 1–6; B, trunk segments 8–11; C, neck and trunk segments 1–7; D, neck and trunk segment 1; E-F, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 100 μm; D-F 20 μm. Abbreviations: gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; lvss(3), lateroventral sensory spot type 3; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted circles indicate glandular cell outlets; white pecked circles indicate female papillae; white arrowhead indicates midventral placid; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment; black pecked arrow indicates paraventral fissures of first trunk segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701200/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">3 A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FAD9FDFEBB785A6D" box="[1286,1314,594,613]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[100,130,1456,1473]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,560,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[206,1381,559,1428]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Light micrographs of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., paratype female (MIMB49933). A-B, dorsal view. C-D, ventral view. E, lateral view, right side. A, total view; B, head, neck and trunk segment 1; C, head, neck and trunk segments 1–5; D, trunk segments 10–11; E, trunk segment 11. Bar A, 100 μm; B-E, 50 μm. Abbreviations: gc, hypodermal gland; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdp, middorsal placid; mts, midterminal spime; mvp, midventral placid; pdp, paradorsal placid; ss1, first spinoscalids; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spots type 3; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701208/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paraventral and paradorsal placids are also elongated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FB45FDC2BA955A89" box="[1178,1231,622,641]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Trunk segment 1 consists of a complete cuticular ring, but with intracuticular fissures, thus giving impression of trapesoid midventral plate, which is also externally marked by short grooves/splits at its anterior portion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FA97FD6EBBCB5ADD" box="[1352,1425,706,725]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1453,1470]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,508,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[206,1381,506,1425]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Light micrographs of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., holotype female (MIMB49932). A-B, venral view. C-F, dorsal view. A, neck and trunk segments 1–6; B, trunk segments 8–11; C, neck and trunk segments 1–7; D, neck and trunk segment 1; E-F, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 100 μm; D-F 20 μm. Abbreviations: gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; lvss(3), lateroventral sensory spot type 3; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted circles indicate glandular cell outlets; white pecked circles indicate female papillae; white arrowhead indicates midventral placid; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment; black pecked arrow indicates paraventral fissures of first trunk segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701200/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FA43FD6EBB9E5ADD" box="[1436,1476,706,725]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[100,130,1470,1487]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,445,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[339,1249,444,1442]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 11. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A, trunk segments 1–5, ventrolateral view from right side. B, trunk segments 1–4, ventral view. C-D, back view. C, trunk segments 10–11. D, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 10 μm; D, 2 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; pft, pectinate fringe; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot type 3; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white arrows indicate paraventral fissures of first trunk segment; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701226/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">11B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Trunk segments 2–11 consist of a single tergal plate and two sternal plates; tergosternal junctions are marked by intracuticular fissures only (visible with
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6426F67C224831FC71FCB9BD8C5B20" box="[942,982,789,808]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">DIC</collectionCode>
|
||
), without any external cuticular split.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C224831FC8EFC9DBAB05B90" blockId="4.[818,1488,231,1980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">
|
||
Sexual dimorphism is expressed in the presence of ventromedial female papillae on trunk segment 9 and large round gonopores on trunk segment
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D13D67C224831FC56FCC5BDE65B74" box="[905,956,873,892]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
|
||
female; in the presence of gantlet-like appendages on trunk segment
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D13D67C224831FC60FC29BDB55B90" box="[959,1007,901,920]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
|
||
male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FBEDFC29BA2D5B90" box="[1074,1143,901,920]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1453,1470]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,508,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[206,1381,506,1425]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Light micrographs of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., holotype female (MIMB49932). A-B, venral view. C-F, dorsal view. A, neck and trunk segments 1–6; B, trunk segments 8–11; C, neck and trunk segments 1–7; D, neck and trunk segment 1; E-F, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 100 μm; D-F 20 μm. Abbreviations: gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; lvss(3), lateroventral sensory spot type 3; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted circles indicate glandular cell outlets; white pecked circles indicate female papillae; white arrowhead indicates midventral placid; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment; black pecked arrow indicates paraventral fissures of first trunk segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701200/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FB5EFC29BAD55B90" box="[1153,1167,901,920]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[100,130,1221,1238]" captionTargetBox="[107,765,149,1192]" captionTargetId="figure-920@4.[106,767,148,1193]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Light micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., holotype female (MIMB49932). Ventral view of segments 8–11. Bar 100 μm. Abbreviations; ldac10, laterodorsal acicular spine of trunk segment 10; ooc, oocytes; rs, seminal receptacle; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701204/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">4</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FB46FC29BAEB5B90" box="[1177,1201,901,920]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[100,130,1470,1487]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,445,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[339,1249,444,1442]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 11. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A, trunk segments 1–5, ventrolateral view from right side. B, trunk segments 1–4, ventral view. C-D, back view. C, trunk segments 10–11. D, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 10 μm; D, 2 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; pft, pectinate fringe; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot type 3; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white arrows indicate paraventral fissures of first trunk segment; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701226/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">11</figureCitation>
|
||
C-D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C224831FC8EFC0DBAC05D16" blockId="4.[818,1488,231,1980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">
|
||
Trunk segment 1 is clamshell-like in frontal view, consists of a complete cuticular ring with deep and wide middorsal and midventral incisions, with two paraventral fissures thus giving appearance of incomplete midsternal plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FB8DFC58BACC5C00" box="[1106,1174,1012,1032]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FB7BFC59BAE45C00" box="[1188,1214,1013,1032]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1453,1470]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,508,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[206,1381,506,1425]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Light micrographs of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., holotype female (MIMB49932). A-B, venral view. C-F, dorsal view. A, neck and trunk segments 1–6; B, trunk segments 8–11; C, neck and trunk segments 1–7; D, neck and trunk segment 1; E-F, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 100 μm; D-F 20 μm. Abbreviations: gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; lvss(3), lateroventral sensory spot type 3; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted circles indicate glandular cell outlets; white pecked circles indicate female papillae; white arrowhead indicates midventral placid; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment; black pecked arrow indicates paraventral fissures of first trunk segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701200/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FB2AFC59BB485C00" box="[1269,1298,1013,1032]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,894,911]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,149,866]" captionTargetId="figure-694@9.[339,1249,148,867]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A-B, ventrolateral view from right side. C, sensory spot of first trunk segment. A, trunk segments 1–7; B, trunk segments 8–11. Bar A, 10 μm; B, 20 μm; C, 1 μm. Abbreviations: ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mts, midterminal spine; sf, secondary fringe; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701222/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FAC0FC59BB6F5C00" box="[1311,1333,1013,1032]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[100,130,1445,1462]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,568,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[206,1381,567,1418]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 10. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A, first trunk segment, frontal view. B, trunk segments 1–4, ventrolateral view from right side. C, trunk segments 1–9, dorsolateral view from right side. D, trunk segments 5–8, dorsolateral view from left side. Bar A-B, 10 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm. Abbreviations: ff, free flap; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdp, middorsal placid; mva, midventral cuticular apron; mvp, midventral plscid; sf, secondary fringe; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicates sensory spots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701224/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">10</figureCitation>
|
||
A-B). Middorsal acicular spine is stout, with conspicuous longitudinal row of minute cuticular hairs on the exterior surface. Four pairs of sensory spots are present in paradorsal, subdorsal, laterodorsal and ventromedial position (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FCE5FBC8BD355C7F" box="[826,879,1124,1143]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FCA3FBC8BDE95C7F" box="[892,947,1124,1143]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1453,1470]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,508,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[206,1381,506,1425]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Light micrographs of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., holotype female (MIMB49932). A-B, venral view. C-F, dorsal view. A, neck and trunk segments 1–6; B, trunk segments 8–11; C, neck and trunk segments 1–7; D, neck and trunk segment 1; E-F, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 100 μm; D-F 20 μm. Abbreviations: gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; lvss(3), lateroventral sensory spot type 3; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted circles indicate glandular cell outlets; white pecked circles indicate female papillae; white arrowhead indicates midventral placid; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment; black pecked arrow indicates paraventral fissures of first trunk segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701200/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">3A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FC62FBC8BD805C7F" box="[957,986,1124,1143]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,894,911]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,149,866]" captionTargetId="figure-694@9.[339,1249,148,867]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A-B, ventrolateral view from right side. C, sensory spot of first trunk segment. A, trunk segments 1–7; B, trunk segments 8–11. Bar A, 10 μm; B, 20 μm; C, 1 μm. Abbreviations: ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mts, midterminal spine; sf, secondary fringe; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701222/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FC3BFBC8BA565C7F" box="[996,1036,1124,1143]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[100,130,1445,1462]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,568,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[206,1381,567,1418]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 10. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A, first trunk segment, frontal view. B, trunk segments 1–4, ventrolateral view from right side. C, trunk segments 1–9, dorsolateral view from right side. D, trunk segments 5–8, dorsolateral view from left side. Bar A-B, 10 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm. Abbreviations: ff, free flap; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdp, middorsal placid; mva, midventral cuticular apron; mvp, midventral plscid; sf, secondary fringe; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicates sensory spots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701224/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">10B</figureCitation>
|
||
). All sensory spots on trunk segments 1–10 and ventromedial sensory spots on trunk segment 11 are rounded in shape and belong to
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE00917C224831FC1BFB30BDB75CA7" box="[964,1005,1180,1199]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">type</typeStatus>
|
||
2 (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4C3C27C224831FB8DFB30BAB65CA7" author="Nebelsick, M." box="[1106,1260,1180,1199]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" pagination="335 - 345" refId="ref9113" refString="Nebelsick, M., 1992. Ultrastructural investigations of three taxonomic characters in the trunk region of Echinoderes capitatus (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida). Zool. Scripta 21, 335 - 345." type="journal article" year="1992">Nebelsick, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Cuticle is completely smooth, free flap with distinct longitudinal lines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FAC6FB14BB385CC3" box="[1305,1378,1208,1227]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,894,911]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,149,866]" captionTargetId="figure-694@9.[339,1249,148,867]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A-B, ventrolateral view from right side. C, sensory spot of first trunk segment. A, trunk segments 1–7; B, trunk segments 8–11. Bar A, 10 μm; B, 20 μm; C, 1 μm. Abbreviations: ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mts, midterminal spine; sf, secondary fringe; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701222/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Long and wide midventral cuticular apron covers midventral area of following segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FC4EFB5CBDBC5D0B" box="[913,998,1264,1283]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[100,130,1445,1462]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,568,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[206,1381,567,1418]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 10. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A, first trunk segment, frontal view. B, trunk segments 1–4, ventrolateral view from right side. C, trunk segments 1–9, dorsolateral view from right side. D, trunk segments 5–8, dorsolateral view from left side. Bar A-B, 10 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm. Abbreviations: ff, free flap; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdp, middorsal placid; mva, midventral cuticular apron; mvp, midventral plscid; sf, secondary fringe; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicates sensory spots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701224/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Posterior segment margin with middorsal notch posterior to middorsal spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FB96FAA7BAD55D16" box="[1097,1167,1291,1310]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C224831FC8EFA8BBAEB5DF6" blockId="4.[818,1488,231,1980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">
|
||
Trunk segment 2 with middorsal acicular spine. Sensory spots are present in paradorsal, subdorsal, laterodorsal and ventromedial position (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FCE5FAF3BD275D7A" box="[826,893,1375,1394]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FC55FAF3BDFE5D7A" box="[906,932,1375,1394]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,894,911]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,149,866]" captionTargetId="figure-694@9.[339,1249,148,867]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A-B, ventrolateral view from right side. C, sensory spot of first trunk segment. A, trunk segments 1–7; B, trunk segments 8–11. Bar A, 10 μm; B, 20 μm; C, 1 μm. Abbreviations: ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mts, midterminal spine; sf, secondary fringe; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701222/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FC05FAF3BA5E5D7A" box="[986,1028,1375,1394]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[100,130,1470,1487]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,445,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[339,1249,444,1442]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 11. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A, trunk segments 1–5, ventrolateral view from right side. B, trunk segments 1–4, ventral view. C-D, back view. C, trunk segments 10–11. D, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 10 μm; D, 2 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; pft, pectinate fringe; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot type 3; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white arrows indicate paraventral fissures of first trunk segment; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701226/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
). A pair of glandular cell outlets in paradorsal position (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FC55FAD7BD955D86" box="[906,975,1403,1422]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Secondary fringe is present on the anterior half of the segment. The segment is covered with minute scale-like hairs between anterior margin and the free flap. The posterior margin with the same substructure forming longitudinal lines as on preceding segment and with middorsal notch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FBD5FA46BA165DF6" box="[1034,1100,1514,1534]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FBA3FA47BAFC5DF6" box="[1148,1190,1515,1534]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[100,130,1470,1487]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,445,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[339,1249,444,1442]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 11. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A, trunk segments 1–5, ventrolateral view from right side. B, trunk segments 1–4, ventral view. C-D, back view. C, trunk segments 10–11. D, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 10 μm; D, 2 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; pft, pectinate fringe; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot type 3; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white arrows indicate paraventral fissures of first trunk segment; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701226/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C224831FC8EF9AABA055EC9" blockId="4.[818,1488,231,1980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">
|
||
Trunk segment 3 with middorsal and lateroventral acicular spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FCE5F98EBD2D5E3D" box="[826,887,1570,1589]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FC78F98EBD9F5E3D" box="[935,965,1570,1589]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,894,911]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,149,866]" captionTargetId="figure-694@9.[339,1249,148,867]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A-B, ventrolateral view from right side. C, sensory spot of first trunk segment. A, trunk segments 1–7; B, trunk segments 8–11. Bar A, 10 μm; B, 20 μm; C, 1 μm. Abbreviations: ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mts, midterminal spine; sf, secondary fringe; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701222/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Basements of lateroventral spines split longitudinally, with hirsute distal portions. Sensory spots are present in paradorsal, laterodorsal, midlateral and ventromedial position (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FACAF9F6BB0E5E65" box="[1301,1364,1626,1645]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FA82F9F6BB2D5E65" box="[1373,1399,1626,1645]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,894,911]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,149,866]" captionTargetId="figure-694@9.[339,1249,148,867]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A-B, ventrolateral view from right side. C, sensory spot of first trunk segment. A, trunk segments 1–7; B, trunk segments 8–11. Bar A, 10 μm; B, 20 μm; C, 1 μm. Abbreviations: ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mts, midterminal spine; sf, secondary fringe; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701222/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FA7BF9F6BB915E65" box="[1444,1483,1626,1645]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[100,130,1445,1462]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,568,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[206,1381,567,1418]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 10. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A, first trunk segment, frontal view. B, trunk segments 1–4, ventrolateral view from right side. C, trunk segments 1–9, dorsolateral view from right side. D, trunk segments 5–8, dorsolateral view from left side. Bar A-B, 10 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm. Abbreviations: ff, free flap; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdp, middorsal placid; mva, midventral cuticular apron; mvp, midventral plscid; sf, secondary fringe; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicates sensory spots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701224/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">10C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FCEDF9DABD1C5E81" box="[818,838,1654,1673]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[100,130,1470,1487]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,445,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[339,1249,444,1442]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 11. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A, trunk segments 1–5, ventrolateral view from right side. B, trunk segments 1–4, ventral view. C-D, back view. C, trunk segments 10–11. D, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 10 μm; D, 2 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; pft, pectinate fringe; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot type 3; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white arrows indicate paraventral fissures of first trunk segment; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701226/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">11</figureCitation>
|
||
A-B). Posterior segment margin with notches posterior to middorsal and lateroventral spine attachments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FB4CF93EBAA65EAD" box="[1171,1276,1682,1701]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[100,130,1445,1462]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,568,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[206,1381,567,1418]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 10. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A, first trunk segment, frontal view. B, trunk segments 1–4, ventrolateral view from right side. C, trunk segments 1–9, dorsolateral view from right side. D, trunk segments 5–8, dorsolateral view from left side. Bar A-B, 10 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm. Abbreviations: ff, free flap; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdp, middorsal placid; mva, midventral cuticular apron; mvp, midventral plscid; sf, secondary fringe; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicates sensory spots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701224/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Fig. 10B–C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FADAF93EBB765EAD" box="[1285,1324,1682,1701]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[100,130,1470,1487]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,445,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[339,1249,444,1442]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 11. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A, trunk segments 1–5, ventrolateral view from right side. B, trunk segments 1–4, ventral view. C-D, back view. C, trunk segments 10–11. D, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 10 μm; D, 2 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; pft, pectinate fringe; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot type 3; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white arrows indicate paraventral fissures of first trunk segment; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701226/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">11B</figureCitation>
|
||
, 12). Other characters as on preceding segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C224831FC8EF966BAAE5EF1" blockId="4.[818,1488,231,1980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Trunk segment 4 similar to preceding segment, except for the absence of paradorsal outlets of glandular cells.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C224833FC8EF8ADBF5E5D71" blockId="4.[818,1488,231,1980]" lastBlockId="6.[100,770,1382,1959]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">
|
||
Trunk segment 5 with middorsal and lateroventral acicular spines; with a pair of cuspidate spines also in lateroventral position, but slightly more ventral than acicular ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FBB5F895BAF05F44" box="[1130,1194,1849,1868]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FB6BF895BA945F44" box="[1204,1230,1849,1868]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1453,1470]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,508,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[206,1381,506,1425]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Light micrographs of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., holotype female (MIMB49932). A-B, venral view. C-F, dorsal view. A, neck and trunk segments 1–6; B, trunk segments 8–11; C, neck and trunk segments 1–7; D, neck and trunk segment 1; E-F, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 100 μm; D-F 20 μm. Abbreviations: gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; lvss(3), lateroventral sensory spot type 3; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted circles indicate glandular cell outlets; white pecked circles indicate female papillae; white arrowhead indicates midventral placid; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment; black pecked arrow indicates paraventral fissures of first trunk segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701200/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FB22F895BB425F44" box="[1277,1304,1849,1868]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[100,130,1456,1473]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,560,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[206,1381,559,1428]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Light micrographs of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., paratype female (MIMB49933). A-B, dorsal view. C-D, ventral view. E, lateral view, right side. A, total view; B, head, neck and trunk segment 1; C, head, neck and trunk segments 1–5; D, trunk segments 10–11; E, trunk segment 11. Bar A, 100 μm; B-E, 50 μm. Abbreviations: gc, hypodermal gland; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdp, middorsal placid; mts, midterminal spime; mvp, midventral placid; pdp, paradorsal placid; ss1, first spinoscalids; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spots type 3; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701208/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FAFDF895BB1A5F44" box="[1314,1344,1849,1868]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,894,911]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,149,866]" captionTargetId="figure-694@9.[339,1249,148,867]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A-B, ventrolateral view from right side. C, sensory spot of first trunk segment. A, trunk segments 1–7; B, trunk segments 8–11. Bar A, 10 μm; B, 20 μm; C, 1 μm. Abbreviations: ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mts, midterminal spine; sf, secondary fringe; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701222/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sensory spots are present in paradorsal, laterodorsal and ventromedial position (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FCE5F8DDBD2D5F8C" box="[826,887,1905,1924]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FC5FF8DDBDC05F8C" box="[896,922,1905,1924]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1453,1470]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,508,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[206,1381,506,1425]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Light micrographs of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., holotype female (MIMB49932). A-B, venral view. C-F, dorsal view. A, neck and trunk segments 1–6; B, trunk segments 8–11; C, neck and trunk segments 1–7; D, neck and trunk segment 1; E-F, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 100 μm; D-F 20 μm. Abbreviations: gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; lvss(3), lateroventral sensory spot type 3; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted circles indicate glandular cell outlets; white pecked circles indicate female papillae; white arrowhead indicates midventral placid; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment; black pecked arrow indicates paraventral fissures of first trunk segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701200/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FC1AF8DDBDB85F8C" box="[965,994,1905,1924]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,894,911]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,149,866]" captionTargetId="figure-694@9.[339,1249,148,867]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A-B, ventrolateral view from right side. C, sensory spot of first trunk segment. A, trunk segments 1–7; B, trunk segments 8–11. Bar A, 10 μm; B, 20 μm; C, 1 μm. Abbreviations: ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mts, midterminal spine; sf, secondary fringe; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701222/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FC35F8DDBA495F8C" box="[1002,1043,1905,1924]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[100,130,1445,1462]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,568,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[206,1381,567,1418]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 10. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A, first trunk segment, frontal view. B, trunk segments 1–4, ventrolateral view from right side. C, trunk segments 1–9, dorsolateral view from right side. D, trunk segments 5–8, dorsolateral view from left side. Bar A-B, 10 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm. Abbreviations: ff, free flap; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdp, middorsal placid; mva, midventral cuticular apron; mvp, midventral plscid; sf, secondary fringe; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicates sensory spots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701224/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">10C</figureCitation>
|
||
). A pair of glandular cell outlets in ventromedial position, shifted to the anterior border of sternal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C224831FA84F821BBC85FA8" box="[1371,1426,1933,1952]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Secondary fringe, cuticle hairs, and shape of posterior segment margin as on trunk segment 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0AEEBB7C234830FFBBFA1CBB285E2E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701208" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14701208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701208/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" startId="5.[100,130,1456,1473]" targetBox="[207,1379,560,1427]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C234830FFBBFA1CBB285E2E" blockId="5.[100,1488,1456,1575]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90162217C234830FFBBFA1CBEC45DC8" bold="true" box="[100,158,1456,1473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Light micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C5B07C234830FE81FA1CBC485DC9" authorityName="Adrianov & Maiorova" authorityYear="2024" box="[350,530,1456,1473]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Semnoderidae" genus="Sphenoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Kentrorhagata" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="japonicus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90162217C234830FE81FA1CBC485DC9" bold="true" box="[350,530,1456,1473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Sphenoderes japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232DF5A7C234830FDC7FA1CBC075DC8" box="[536,605,1456,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype female (MIMB49933). A-B, dorsal view. C-D, ventral view. E, lateral view, right side. A, total view; B, head, neck and trunk segment 1; C, head, neck and trunk segments 1–5; D, trunk segments 10–11; E, trunk segment 11. Bar A, 100 μm; B-E, 50 μm. Abbreviations: gc, hypodermal gland; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdp, middorsal placid; mts, midterminal spime; mvp, midventral placid; pdp, paradorsal placid; ss1, first spinoscalids; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spots type 3; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0AEEBB7C204833FFBBFB73BCC75D34" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701214" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14701214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701214/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" startId="6.[100,130,1247,1264]" targetBox="[207,1379,149,1218]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C204833FFBBFB73BCC75D34" blockId="6.[100,1488,1247,1341]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90162217C204833FFBBFB73BEC65CF8" bold="true" box="[100,156,1247,1264]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Light micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C5B07C204833FE85FB73BC565CF8" authorityName="Adrianov & Maiorova" authorityYear="2024" box="[346,524,1247,1264]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Semnoderidae" genus="Sphenoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Kentrorhagata" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="japonicus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90162217C204833FE85FB73BC565CF8" bold="true" box="[346,524,1247,1264]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Sphenoderes japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232DF5A7C204833FDCEFB4CBC0C5CF8" box="[529,598,1248,1264]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, juvenile (pre-adult) stage (MIMB49934). A-C, dorsal view. D-E, ventral view. A, D, total view; B, E, head, neck and trunk segments 1–7; C, trunk segments 5–11. Bar A, D, 100 μm; B-C, E, 50 μm. Abbreviation: mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mvp, midventral placid; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvs, lateroventral additional spine; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment; black arrows indicate sensory spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C204833FF5BFA2EBCAC5DB9" blockId="6.[100,770,1382,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Trunk segment 6 similar to trunk segment 3 except for the glandular cell outlets absent in paradorsal but present in ventromedial position.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C204833FF5BFA15BC185DC5" blockId="6.[100,770,1382,1959]" box="[132,578,1465,1485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Trunk segment 7 similar to preceding segment.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C204833FF5BFA79BEA45E50" blockId="6.[100,770,1382,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
|
||
Trunk segment 8 with paradorsal, laterodorsal and midlateral sensory spots on the tergal plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FEA0FA5DBFE45E0C" box="[383,446,1521,1540]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FE18FA5DBFBA5E0C" box="[455,480,1521,1540]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,894,911]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,149,866]" captionTargetId="figure-694@9.[339,1249,148,867]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A-B, ventrolateral view from right side. C, sensory spot of first trunk segment. A, trunk segments 1–7; B, trunk segments 8–11. Bar A, 10 μm; B, 20 μm; C, 1 μm. Abbreviations: ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mts, midterminal spine; sf, secondary fringe; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701222/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">9B</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FDD1FA5DBC7E5E0C" box="[526,548,1521,1540]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[100,130,1445,1462]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,568,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[206,1381,567,1418]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 10. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A, first trunk segment, frontal view. B, trunk segments 1–4, ventrolateral view from right side. C, trunk segments 1–9, dorsolateral view from right side. D, trunk segments 5–8, dorsolateral view from left side. Bar A-B, 10 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm. Abbreviations: ff, free flap; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdp, middorsal placid; mva, midventral cuticular apron; mvp, midventral plscid; sf, secondary fringe; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicates sensory spots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701224/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">10</figureCitation>
|
||
C-D). Additional pair of sensory spots are present in ventromedial position in female and in ventrolateral position in male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FE52F985BFB55E34" box="[397,495,1577,1597]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Fig. 2A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Other characters as on preceding segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C204833FF5BF9CDBEE35EA4" blockId="6.[100,770,1382,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
|
||
Trunk segment 9 with a pair of large papillae in ventromedial position in female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FEDBF9D1BF175E98" box="[260,333,1661,1680]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FE59F9D1BFF85E98" box="[390,418,1661,1680]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1453,1470]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,508,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[206,1381,506,1425]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Light micrographs of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., holotype female (MIMB49932). A-B, venral view. C-F, dorsal view. A, neck and trunk segments 1–6; B, trunk segments 8–11; C, neck and trunk segments 1–7; D, neck and trunk segment 1; E-F, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 100 μm; D-F 20 μm. Abbreviations: gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; lvss(3), lateroventral sensory spot type 3; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted circles indicate glandular cell outlets; white pecked circles indicate female papillae; white arrowhead indicates midventral placid; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment; black pecked arrow indicates paraventral fissures of first trunk segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701200/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Other characters as on preceding segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C204833FF5BF918BF5C5F83" blockId="6.[100,770,1382,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
|
||
Trunk segment 10 with middorsal and laterodorsal/midlateral spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FFB3F97CBE935EEC" box="[108,201,1744,1764]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Fig. 2B–C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FF0CF97DBEB45EEC" box="[211,238,1745,1764]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1453,1470]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,508,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[206,1381,506,1425]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Light micrographs of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., holotype female (MIMB49932). A-B, venral view. C-F, dorsal view. A, neck and trunk segments 1–6; B, trunk segments 8–11; C, neck and trunk segments 1–7; D, neck and trunk segment 1; E-F, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 100 μm; D-F 20 μm. Abbreviations: gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; lvss(3), lateroventral sensory spot type 3; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted circles indicate glandular cell outlets; white pecked circles indicate female papillae; white arrowhead indicates midventral placid; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment; black pecked arrow indicates paraventral fissures of first trunk segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701200/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">3E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FF27F97DBF5C5EEC" box="[248,262,1745,1764]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[100,130,1221,1238]" captionTargetBox="[107,765,149,1192]" captionTargetId="figure-920@4.[106,767,148,1193]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Light micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., holotype female (MIMB49932). Ventral view of segments 8–11. Bar 100 μm. Abbreviations; ldac10, laterodorsal acicular spine of trunk segment 10; ooc, oocytes; rs, seminal receptacle; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701204/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FECFF97DBF475EEC" box="[272,285,1745,1764]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[100,130,1040,1057]" captionTargetBox="[107,765,149,1012]" captionTargetId="figure-961@8.[106,767,148,1013]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 8. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult female, ventrolateral view from right side. Bar 20 μm. Abbreviations: ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mts, midterminal spine; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701220/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FEF7F97DBF195EEC" box="[296,323,1745,1764]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,894,911]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,149,866]" captionTargetId="figure-694@9.[339,1249,148,867]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A-B, ventrolateral view from right side. C, sensory spot of first trunk segment. A, trunk segments 1–7; B, trunk segments 8–11. Bar A, 10 μm; B, 20 μm; C, 1 μm. Abbreviations: ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mts, midterminal spine; sf, secondary fringe; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701222/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">9B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FE91F97DBF2C5EEC" box="[334,374,1745,1764]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[100,130,1470,1487]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,445,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[339,1249,444,1442]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 11. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A, trunk segments 1–5, ventrolateral view from right side. B, trunk segments 1–4, ventral view. C-D, back view. C, trunk segments 10–11. D, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 10 μm; D, 2 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; pft, pectinate fringe; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot type 3; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white arrows indicate paraventral fissures of first trunk segment; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701226/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">11C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spines in females are acicular, but more slender than those on preceding segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FE36F940BC475EF7" box="[489,541,1772,1791]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[100,130,1040,1057]" captionTargetBox="[107,765,149,1012]" captionTargetId="figure-961@8.[106,767,148,1013]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 8. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult female, ventrolateral view from right side. Bar 20 μm. Abbreviations: ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mts, midterminal spine; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701220/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spines in males are not acicular, crenulated and flexible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FE6BF8A4BFA05F13" box="[436,506,1800,1819]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,894,911]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,149,866]" captionTargetId="figure-694@9.[339,1249,148,867]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A-B, ventrolateral view from right side. C, sensory spot of first trunk segment. A, trunk segments 1–7; B, trunk segments 8–11. Bar A, 10 μm; B, 20 μm; C, 1 μm. Abbreviations: ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mts, midterminal spine; sf, secondary fringe; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701222/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FDECF8A4BC075F13" box="[563,605,1800,1819]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[100,130,1470,1487]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,445,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[339,1249,444,1442]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 11. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A, trunk segments 1–5, ventrolateral view from right side. B, trunk segments 1–4, ventral view. C-D, back view. C, trunk segments 10–11. D, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 10 μm; D, 2 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; pft, pectinate fringe; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot type 3; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white arrows indicate paraventral fissures of first trunk segment; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701226/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both sexes are without lateroventral acicular spines and corresponding notches on the posteror margin. Sensory spots are present in paradorsal, subdorsal, laterodorsal, midlateral/sublateral and ventrolateral position (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FD63F8F0BCA45F67" box="[700,766,1884,1903]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FFBBF8D4BE275F83" box="[100,125,1912,1931]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1453,1470]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,508,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[206,1381,506,1425]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Light micrographs of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., holotype female (MIMB49932). A-B, venral view. C-F, dorsal view. A, neck and trunk segments 1–6; B, trunk segments 8–11; C, neck and trunk segments 1–7; D, neck and trunk segment 1; E-F, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 100 μm; D-F 20 μm. Abbreviations: gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; lvss(3), lateroventral sensory spot type 3; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted circles indicate glandular cell outlets; white pecked circles indicate female papillae; white arrowhead indicates midventral placid; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment; black pecked arrow indicates paraventral fissures of first trunk segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701200/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FF72F8D4BE9D5F83" box="[173,199,1912,1931]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,894,911]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,149,866]" captionTargetId="figure-694@9.[339,1249,148,867]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A-B, ventrolateral view from right side. C, sensory spot of first trunk segment. A, trunk segments 1–7; B, trunk segments 8–11. Bar A, 10 μm; B, 20 μm; C, 1 μm. Abbreviations: ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mts, midterminal spine; sf, secondary fringe; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701222/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">9B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FF0DF8D4BEA15F83" box="[210,251,1912,1931]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[100,130,1470,1487]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,445,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[339,1249,444,1442]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 11. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A, trunk segments 1–5, ventrolateral view from right side. B, trunk segments 1–4, ventral view. C-D, back view. C, trunk segments 10–11. D, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 10 μm; D, 2 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; pft, pectinate fringe; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot type 3; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white arrows indicate paraventral fissures of first trunk segment; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701226/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">11C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C204833FF5BF838BB1B5EEB" blockId="6.[100,770,1382,1959]" lastBlockId="6.[818,1487,1382,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
|
||
Trunk segment 11 with middorsal, midterminal, laterodorsal and lateral terminal spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FBC8FACABA145D71" box="[1047,1102,1382,1401]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). One pair of conical-shaped extensions with terminal sensory spots
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE00917C204833FB95FA2EBA295D9D" box="[1098,1139,1410,1429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">type</typeStatus>
|
||
3 is present in paradorsal position (flanking the midterminal spine) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FBADFA32BAEC5DB8" box="[1138,1206,1437,1457]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[100,130,1456,1473]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,560,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[206,1381,559,1428]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Light micrographs of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., paratype female (MIMB49933). A-B, dorsal view. C-D, ventral view. E, lateral view, right side. A, total view; B, head, neck and trunk segment 1; C, head, neck and trunk segments 1–5; D, trunk segments 10–11; E, trunk segment 11. Bar A, 100 μm; B-E, 50 μm. Abbreviations: gc, hypodermal gland; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdp, middorsal placid; mts, midterminal spime; mvp, midventral placid; pdp, paradorsal placid; ss1, first spinoscalids; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spots type 3; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701208/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FB60FA32BA825DB9" box="[1215,1240,1438,1457]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,894,911]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,149,866]" captionTargetId="figure-694@9.[339,1249,148,867]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A-B, ventrolateral view from right side. C, sensory spot of first trunk segment. A, trunk segments 1–7; B, trunk segments 8–11. Bar A, 10 μm; B, 20 μm; C, 1 μm. Abbreviations: ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mts, midterminal spine; sf, secondary fringe; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701222/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">9B</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FAD8FA32BB6A5DB9" box="[1287,1328,1438,1457]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[100,130,1470,1487]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,445,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[339,1249,444,1442]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 11. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A, trunk segments 1–5, ventrolateral view from right side. B, trunk segments 1–4, ventral view. C-D, back view. C, trunk segments 10–11. D, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 10 μm; D, 2 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; pft, pectinate fringe; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot type 3; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white arrows indicate paraventral fissures of first trunk segment; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701226/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">11C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two additional pairs of sensory spots
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE00917C204833FBDDFA16BA715DC5" box="[1026,1067,1466,1485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">type</typeStatus>
|
||
3 are present in subdorsal and ventrolateral position. These sensory spots are associated with very large hypodermal glands (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FCA2FA5DBD985E0C" box="[893,962,1521,1540]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[100,130,1456,1473]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,560,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[206,1381,559,1428]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Light micrographs of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., paratype female (MIMB49933). A-B, dorsal view. C-D, ventral view. E, lateral view, right side. A, total view; B, head, neck and trunk segment 1; C, head, neck and trunk segments 1–5; D, trunk segments 10–11; E, trunk segment 11. Bar A, 100 μm; B-E, 50 μm. Abbreviations: gc, hypodermal gland; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdp, middorsal placid; mts, midterminal spime; mvp, midventral placid; pdp, paradorsal placid; ss1, first spinoscalids; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spots type 3; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701208/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
). A pair of sensory spots is also present in ventromedial position (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FC4EF9A1BDAD5E28" box="[913,1015,1549,1569]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Fig. 2A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). A pair of glandular cell outlets is present in ventromedial position, shifted to the anterior border of sternal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FCE5F9E9BDC35E50" box="[826,921,1605,1624]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1783,1800]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,704,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-35@2.[206,1381,703,1756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. A-B, female, whole animal; C-D, male, posterior trunk segments. A, D, ventral view. B, C, dorsal view. Bar 50 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); fp, female papilla; gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pdgo, paradorsal glandular cell outlet; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pvp, paraventral placid; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgo, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701198/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Fig. 2A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Large paired gonopores are located in ventrolateral position in females (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FC7EF9CDBDBC5E7C" box="[929,998,1633,1652]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1453,1470]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,508,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[206,1381,506,1425]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Light micrographs of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., holotype female (MIMB49932). A-B, venral view. C-F, dorsal view. A, neck and trunk segments 1–6; B, trunk segments 8–11; C, neck and trunk segments 1–7; D, neck and trunk segment 1; E-F, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 100 μm; D-F 20 μm. Abbreviations: gon, female gonopore; ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvcu, lateroventral cuspidate spine; lvss(3), lateroventral sensory spot type 3; mts, midterminal spine; mvp, midventral placid; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white dotted circles indicate glandular cell outlets; white pecked circles indicate female papillae; white arrowhead indicates midventral placid; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment; black pecked arrow indicates paraventral fissures of first trunk segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701200/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Males with a pair of gantlet-like appendages (presumably, copulatory structures) in laterodorsal/midlateral position (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FCE5F935BDFE5EA4" box="[826,932,1689,1708]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[100,130,1470,1487]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,445,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[339,1249,444,1442]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 11. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A, trunk segments 1–5, ventrolateral view from right side. B, trunk segments 1–4, ventral view. C-D, back view. C, trunk segments 10–11. D, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 10 μm; D, 2 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; pft, pectinate fringe; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot type 3; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white arrows indicate paraventral fissures of first trunk segment; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701226/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Fig. 11C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergal plate bears prominent pectinate fringe with dagger-like cuticular tips, more prominent in males; also with secondary fringe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FCE5F97CBDFC5EEC" box="[826,934,1744,1764]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[100,130,1470,1487]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,445,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[339,1249,444,1442]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 11. Scanning electron micrograph of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., adult male. A, trunk segments 1–5, ventrolateral view from right side. B, trunk segments 1–4, ventral view. C-D, back view. C, trunk segments 10–11. D, trunk segment 11. Bar A-C, 10 μm; D, 2 μm. Abbreviations: cp, gantlet-like appendage (copulatory papilla); ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mdcr, middorsal crenulated spine; mlcr, midlateral crenulated spine; pft, pectinate fringe; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot type 3; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white continuous circles indicate sensory spots; white arrows indicate paraventral fissures of first trunk segment; white dotted arrow indicates paradorsal sensory spot type 3; white pecked arrow indicates ventrolateral sensory spot type 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701226/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Fig. 11C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Free flap is present only on sternal plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C204833FC8EF940BBCC5F3F" blockId="6.[818,1487,1382,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
|
||
Both,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE00917C204833FC55F940BD865EF7" box="[906,988,1772,1791]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE00917C204833FBD2F941BA3A5F08" box="[1037,1120,1773,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
adult females, possess well sclerotized cuticle and well developed cuspidate spines, thus being tentatively identified as stage-2 of adults (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4C3C27C204833FB50F888BBD35F3F" author="Sorensen, M. V. & Herranz, M." box="[1167,1417,1828,1847]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" pagination="150 - 166" refId="ref9287" refString="Sorensen, M. V., Herranz, M., 2022. Adult moulting and dimorphism in a new species of Sphenoderes (Kinorhyncha: kentrorhagata) - is the exception becoming the rule? Acta Zool. 103, 150 - 166. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / azo. 12361." type="journal article" year="2022">Sørensen et Herranz, 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C20483DFC8EF8ECBE915D3B" blockId="6.[818,1487,1382,1959]" lastBlockId="8.[100,771,1200,1582]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
|
||
Juvenile stage (TL 371 μm), collected at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE00917C204833FAD3F8ECBB6F5F5B" box="[1292,1333,1856,1875]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, is also assigned to the new species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C204833FB91F8F0BADC5F67" box="[1102,1158,1884,1903]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[100,130,1247,1264]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,149,1218]" captionTargetId="figure-460@6.[206,1381,148,1220]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 6. Light micrographs of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., juvenile (pre-adult) stage (MIMB49934). A-C, dorsal view. D-E, ventral view. A, D, total view; B, E, head, neck and trunk segments 1–7; C, trunk segments 5–11. Bar A, D, 100 μm; B-C, E, 50 μm. Abbreviation: mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mvp, midventral placid; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvs, lateroventral additional spine; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment; black arrows indicate sensory spots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701214/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). This stage is characterized by a clamshell-like closing apparatus with enlarged middorsal and midventral placids, and by nearly the same set of spines as it was noted for the adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C5B07C2E483DFF3BFB1CBF155CCB" authorityName="Adrianov & Maiorova" authorityYear="2024" box="[228,335,1200,1219]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Semnoderidae" genus="Sphenoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Kentrorhagata" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="japonicus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90162217C2E483DFF3BFB1CBF155CCB" bold="true" box="[228,335,1200,1219]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">S. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232DF5A7C2E483DFE89FB1DBFF85CCC" box="[342,418,1201,1220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Midventral articulations are still underdeveloped. All spines seem to be acicular. Dorsal spines are elongated, dagger-like, with slightly alternating arrangement. Lateroventral spines are relatively short and stout, including additional pair on trunk segment 5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0AEEBB7C214832FFBBF9F3BB5F5EDE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701216" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14701216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701216/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" startId="7.[100,130,1631,1648]" targetBox="[207,1379,421,1602]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C214832FFBBF9F3BB5F5EDE" blockId="7.[100,1489,1631,1750]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90162217C214832FFBBF9F3BEC65E67" bold="true" box="[100,156,1631,1648]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Light micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C5B07C214832FE86F9F3BC515E78" authorityName="Adrianov & Maiorova" authorityYear="2024" box="[345,523,1631,1648]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Semnoderidae" genus="Sphenoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Kentrorhagata" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="japonicus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90162217C214832FE86F9F3BC515E78" bold="true" box="[345,523,1631,1648]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Sphenoderes japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232DF5A7C214832FDCFF9CCBC0E5E78" box="[528,596,1632,1648]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, young female (MIMB49935). A, C, F, G, dorsal view. B, E, ventral view. A-D, total view; C, neck and trunk segments 1–6; D, trunk segments 9–11; E, neck and trunk segments 1–5; F, trunk segments 10–11; G, trunk segment 11. Bar A-B, 100 μm; C-G, 50 μm. Abbreviations: ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lva, lateroventral articulation; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvs, lateroventral additional spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mva, midventral articulation; mvp, midventral placid; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white dotted arrow indicates sensory spot type 3; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment; black pecked arrow indicates paraventral fissures of first trunk segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0AEEBB7C2E483DFFBBFBBCBC7B5C8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701220" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14701220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701220/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" startId="8.[100,130,1040,1057]" targetBox="[107,765,149,1012]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C2E483DFFBBFBBCBC7B5C8F" blockId="8.[100,771,1040,1159]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90162217C2E483DFFBBFBBCBEC55C29" bold="true" box="[100,159,1040,1057]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrograph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C5B07C2E483DFE15FBBCBC245C29" authorityName="Adrianov & Maiorova" authorityYear="2024" box="[458,638,1040,1057]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Semnoderidae" genus="Sphenoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Kentrorhagata" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="japonicus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90162217C2E483DFE15FBBCBC245C29" bold="true" box="[458,638,1040,1057]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Sphenoderes japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232DF5A7C2E483DFD59FBBDBC975C29" box="[646,717,1041,1057]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, adult female, ventrolateral view from right side. Bar 20 μm. Abbreviations: ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mts, midterminal spine; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCABE337C2E483DFF5BFA90BFF75E26" blockId="8.[100,771,1200,1582]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
|
||
Young specimen (TL 423 μm), also collected at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE00917C2E483DFDBCFA90BCD65D47" box="[611,652,1340,1359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, has well distinguished closing apparatus, including distinct intracuticular fissures of midventral plate, with elongated midventral and middorsal placids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA2B67C2E483DFF6BFA23BEB35DAB" box="[180,233,1423,1443]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[100,130,1631,1648]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,421,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[206,1381,419,1603]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 7. Light micrographs of Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov., young female (MIMB49935). A, C, F, G, dorsal view. B, E, ventral view. A-D, total view; C, neck and trunk segments 1–6; D, trunk segments 9–11; E, neck and trunk segments 1–5; F, trunk segments 10–11; G, trunk segment 11. Bar A-B, 100 μm; C-G, 50 μm. Abbreviations: ldac, laterodorsal acicular spine; lva, lateroventral articulation; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvs, lateroventral additional spine; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mva, midventral articulation; mvp, midventral placid; number after abbreviation indicates corresponding segment; white dotted arrow indicates sensory spot type 3; black arrowhead indicates anterior border of first trunk segment; black pecked arrow indicates paraventral fissures of first trunk segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14701216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14701216/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Set of spines is nearly congruent to this of adult stages. All spines are acicular, including additional lateroventral spines on trunk segment 5. Dorsal spines did not show any alternating in their arrangement. Cuticle seems to be very thin, parchment-like. Gonads are not visible. Probably, this stage could be assigned to stage 1 of adults (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4C3C27C2E483DFF79F9B7BFFA5E26" author="Sorensen, M. V. & Herranz, M." box="[166,416,1563,1582]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" pagination="150 - 166" refId="ref9287" refString="Sorensen, M. V., Herranz, M., 2022. Adult moulting and dimorphism in a new species of Sphenoderes (Kinorhyncha: kentrorhagata) - is the exception becoming the rule? Acta Zool. 103, 150 - 166. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / azo. 12361." type="journal article" year="2022">Sørensen et Herranz, 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |