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<document id="652DE6033C5717DD38C05F7CDE71818D" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703414" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725581356715" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Negaresh, Kazem &amp; Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza" docDate="2018" docId="03E887F4DF7BFFA719D43916F335F9B6" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.363.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 363 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Centaurea solitaria Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 2014" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="450" masterDocId="FFD1FF8CDF12FFCC195C3E3CF14EFF83" masterDocTitle="A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)" masterLastPageNumber="450" masterPageNumber="448" pageNumber="448" updateTime="1725593506943" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="CCADCF3B76EED9DD01888CEB337F261C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="E0BC2EE4855B4AF50AA1C7FC11C5AF6E">
<mods:title id="F3BAEF12D190964EE5D695D3F3BF5F53">A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="15D61AD70E0BABC976A0E647BB8AA785" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DB80B98D1D1CB2DA31E6772DA5F50B07">
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<mods:namePart id="A4ABFBC7236C246F454EA7A43B8AC945">Negaresh, Kazem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EFB7CE6B9A39783B8535446FAF1F0F59">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9B3CE7355188EF79730A21422B09BD47" type="email">negaresh@ramin.ac.ir</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="DB97B3C5BC801997FF6C5765FB3D0072">Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9032A0065C35D50C0B07F962CB5336AD">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir) &amp; Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746 - 73441, Iran. &amp; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BFF5430025EE9ADB34FB0A8E8CA83C0F" type="email">negaresh@ramin.ac.ir</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="A94F329E91067868BB91F7F4713EF084">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5C19CF4C3E171C32426F49039697CBBB">
<mods:date id="2F4C9C1396CAC25A2F8C9E7F2F3F07F7">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="36F5298C9259938FAC6A88F4679E934B" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="E13B48FD0A03A6B2F2AE94284EAE4130">2018-08-02</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2385E79714067B96497EC09F409D3E35">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="4F5FAE29319DC03464D1C42BDBE13714">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5A8D3FEE6A575559364735CD6106EFD6" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8A82C7410B37B6CE7BB8C9094B96585F" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7982A6F8E31179F1496E8C6672174DE8" type="Zenodo-Dep">13703414</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E887F4DF7BFFA719D43916F335F9B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703814" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703814" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF7BFFA719D43916F335F9B6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887F4DF7BFFA719D43916F335F9B6" lastPageId="107" pageId="105">
<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF7BFFA519D43916F407F8E4" pageId="105" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF7BFFA519D43916F407F8E4" blockId="105.[136,1451,1832,1895]" pageId="105">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA519D43916F1E5F8C0" bold="true" box="[136,171,1834,1859]" pageId="105">33.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF7BFFA519E83914F258F8C0" ID-CoL="S7GH" authority="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh (2014 a: 53)" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityPageNumber="53" authorityYear="2014" box="[180,790,1832,1859]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solitaria">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA519E83914F0DBF8C0" bold="true" box="[180,405,1832,1859]" italics="true" pageId="105">Centaurea solitaria</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF7BFFA518C13916F258F8C0" box="[413,790,1834,1859]" collectingDate="2012-06-14" collectionCode="BASU" collectorName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" country="Iran" elevation="1380" location="Ravansar" municipality="Type" pageId="105" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Kermanshah" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF7BFFA518C13916F258F8C0" author="Ranjbar, M. &amp; Negaresh, K." box="[413,790,1834,1859]" pageId="105" pagination="51 - 56" refId="ref68791" refString="Ranjbar, M. &amp; Negaresh, K. (2014 a) The genus Centaurea (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Iran: two new species and a lectotypification. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 71 (1): 51 - 56." type="journal article" year="2014">Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh (2014a: 53)</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9AAC98DF7BFFA51A7E3916F213F8C0" box="[802,861,1834,1859]" pageId="105">Type</collectingMunicipality>
:—
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF7BFFA51A223916F288F8C0" box="[894,966,1834,1859]" name="Iran" pageId="105">IRAN</collectingCountry>
. Prov.
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF7BFFA51D493916F5E9F8C0" box="[1045,1191,1834,1859]" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="105">Kermanshah</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="8E9E6039DF7BFFA51DEE3916F452F8C0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF7BFFA719D43916F335F9B6:8E9E6039DF7BFFA51DEE3916F452F8C0" box="[1202,1308,1834,1859]" country="Iran" municipality="Type" name="Ravansar" pageId="105" stateProvince="Kermanshah">Ravansar</location>
,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51C753916F4CCF8C0" box="[1321,1410,1834,1859]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" pageId="105" unit="m" value="1380.0">
<elevation id="006CD1D1DF7BFFA51C753916F4CCF8C0" box="[1321,1410,1834,1859]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" pageId="105" unit="m" value="1380.0">1380 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFFF1022DF7BFFA51CD33916F1B3F8E4" pageId="105" value="2012-06-14">
<collectingDate id="EFBBE9CADF7BFFA51CD33916F1B3F8E4" pageId="105" value="2012-06-14">14 June 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA518543972F371F8E4" box="[264,575,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="105">
<collectorName id="26B45334DF7BFFA518543972F02AF8E4" box="[264,356,1870,1895]" pageId="105">Ranjbar</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26B45334DF7BFFA518D43972F0BCF8E4" box="[392,498,1870,1895]" pageId="105">Negaresh</collectorName>
28821
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF7BFFA51B123972F3FCF8E4" box="[590,690,1870,1895]" pageId="105" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
BASU!,
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF7BFFA51A473972F239F8E4" box="[795,887,1870,1895]" pageId="105" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
BASU!, photo herb. Negaresh). (
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF7BFFA51DB33972F40FF8E4" box="[1263,1345,1870,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="106.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[214,1372,198,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-17@106.[214,1373,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="FIGURE 73. Centaurea solitaria Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh (Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 28821, BASU). A. habit. B. outer phyllaries. C and D. median phyllaries. E–G. inner phyllaries. H. indumentum of median part of stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703614/files/figure.png" pageId="105">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF7BFFA719D439AAF327FA26" lastPageId="107" pageId="105" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF7BFFA719D439AAF59FFC52" blockId="105.[136,1452,1942,2075]" lastBlockId="107.[136,1452,160,1589]" lastPageId="107" pageId="105">
Biennial plants, whole plant usually pale green,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51BFF39AAF25CF82C" box="[675,786,1942,1967]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="105" unit="cm" value="72.5" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="65.0">65–80 cm</quantity>
tall; collar of fibrous petiolar remains present at stem base. Stem erect, always simple, yellowish,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51B663986F3D6F850" box="[570,664,1978,2003]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6–8 mm</quantity>
in diam. at base, cylindrical, with thin white striations, sparsely leafy throughout, lower part subglabrous to sparsely short hirsute-articulate hairy, median part sparsely covered with hirsute-articulate hairs, up to
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51825363EF080F798" box="[377,462,2050,2075]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
long and sessile glands, upper part sparsely arachnoid, sometimes with scattered hirsute-articulate hairs and sessile glands. Leaves rigid, papyraceous (on drying), smallish, rather densely covered with short hirsute-articulate hairs, up to
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA718913EF8F36CFF5E" box="[461,546,196,221]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
long, especially along midrib and veins, and sessile glands, margins subscabrous. Basal leaves withered at anthesis, petiolate (up to
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71BFB3ED4F3A7FE82" box="[679,745,232,257]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="107" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
long), lyrate; terminal segment much larger, ovate or lanceolate, 10–13 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA719B53F30F070FEA6" box="[233,318,268,293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="107" unit="cm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6–8 cm</quantity>
, narrowed toward base, cartilaginously denticulate, acute at apex; lateral segments smaller, or as lobes, 1 pairs, shortly lanceolate or shortly triangular. Lower cauline leaves simple, sometimes withered at anthesis, with a
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA719D43F68F05BFEEE" box="[136,277,340,365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="11.5" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="107" unit="cm" value="9.0" valueMax="11.5" valueMin="6.5">6.5–11.5 cm</quantity>
petiole, rhombic or rhombic-lanceolate, 18–23.5 × ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71ACF3F68F55BFEEE" box="[915,1045,340,365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="107" unit="cm" value="4.35" valueMax="4.4" valueMin="4.3">4.3–4.4 cm</quantity>
, narrowed at each end, denticulate, acuminate at apex. Median cauline leaves sessile, oblong, 7.7–14 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71AD63F44F545FE12" box="[906,1035,376,401]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="107" unit="cm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.8 cm</quantity>
, decurrent, up to
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71D8E3F44F46CFE12" box="[1234,1314,376,401]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
along stem, entire, rarely denticulate, acuminate at apex. Upper cauline leaves successively smaller, sessile, linear or bract-like, 2.7–3 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA719BA3FFCF03BFE5A" box="[230,373,448,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="107" unit="cm" value="0.475" valueMax="0.65" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.65 cm</quantity>
, densely covered with hirsute-articulate and sparsely arachnoid hairs, narrowly decurrent, up to
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA719D43FD8F184FE7E" box="[136,202,484,509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
along stem. Capitula solitary or 3–5, arranged in a raceme, upper peduncles
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71D723FD8F5DEFE7E" box="[1070,1168,484,509]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="107" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3–10 cm</quantity>
long. Involucres broadly ovoid, 35–45 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA718153C34F084FDA2" box="[329,458,520,545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="32.0">32–38 mm</quantity>
. Phyllaries multiseriate, green or reddish above, imbricate, coriaceous, with densely tomentose hairs. Appendages medium-sized, concealing a major part of phyllaries, chartaceous, not decurrent; cilia narrowly triangular, subreflexed, numerous, 4–8 on each side, (1.5–)
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71ACF3C6CF54EFDEA" box="[915,1024,592,617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3–10 mm</quantity>
long; spines narrowly triangular,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71CDD3C6CF1FAFD0E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5–9 mm</quantity>
long, longer than or ± equal to adjacent cilia. Outer phyllaries oblong, 3.5–5 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71D733C48F5EAFD0E" box="[1071,1188,628,653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="5.75" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="5.0">5–6.5 mm</quantity>
; appendages triangular, 13–14 × ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA718453CA4F024FD32" box="[281,362,664,689]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
(including cilia and spine), straw-coloured. Median phyllaries oblong-lanceolate, 7–11 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71C313CA4F1F9FD56" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="8.75" valueMax="9.5" valueMin="8.0">8–9.5 mm</quantity>
; appendages triangular, 16–18 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71B643C80F3FAFD56" box="[568,692,700,725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="13.0">13–16 mm</quantity>
(including cilia and spine), brownish. Inner phyllaries lanceolate, 15–20 × ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA7184F3CDCF028FD7A" box="[275,358,736,761]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
; appendages narrowly lanceolate, 15–18 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71A173CDCF2F8FD7A" box="[843,950,736,761]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="9.0">9–14 mm</quantity>
(including cilia and spine), brown to purple. Flowers purple-pink; central florets hermaphroditic,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71B8F3D38F205FC9E" box="[723,843,772,797]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="49.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="48.0">48–50 mm</quantity>
long, corolla ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71D573D38F5CDFC9E" box="[1035,1155,772,797]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="16.0">16–17 mm</quantity>
long, 5-lobed, lobes
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71C313D38F1FAFCC2" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.2" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="7.6" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.2">7.2–8 mm</quantity>
long, with yellow nerves, style longer than corolla, stigma exserted from corolla, up to
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71DC53D14F590FCC2" box="[1177,1246,808,833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
; peripheral florets sterile, equal to or slightly longer than central ones, numerous (ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71ACA3D70F29CFCE6" box="[918,978,844,869]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="107" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
each capitulum) and conspicuous, finely dissected, not radiant, 4-lobed, limb lobes linear, ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71B8D3D4CF25CFC0A" box="[721,786,880,905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
long. Achenes oblong,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71D4B3D4CF5D3FC0A" box="[1047,1181,880,905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="6.3" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="6.8" valueMax="7.3" valueMin="6.3">6.3–7.3 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71DBE3D4CF426FC0A" box="[1250,1384,880,905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="3.2">3.2–3.8 mm</quantity>
wide, smooth and shiny, yellowish, rounded at apex, glabrescent; insertion areole lateral,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71D763DA8F5D2FC2E" box="[1066,1180,916,941]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1 mm</quantity>
long. Pappus persistent, multiseriate, scabrous, whitish,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA718B73D84F32AFC52" box="[491,612,952,977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="13.0">13–14 mm</quantity>
long, bristles of inner rows slightly shorter than others.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3E666ADF78FFA619D4399DF2D4F859" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703614" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703614/files/figure.png" pageId="106" startId="106.[136,229,1953,1974]" targetBox="[214,1372,198,1915]" targetPageId="106" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF78FFA619D4399DF2D4F859" blockId="106.[136,1452,1953,2010]" pageId="106">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF78FFA619D4399DF042F835" bold="true" box="[136,268,1953,1974]" pageId="106">FIGURE 73.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF78FFA61848399DF3EBF835" authority="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2014" box="[276,677,1953,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solitaria">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF78FFA61848399DF09CF835" box="[276,466,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="106">Centaurea solitaria</emphasis>
Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF78FFA61BE9399DF289F835" box="[693,967,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="106">Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 28821</emphasis>
, BASU).
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF78FFA61D70399DF50AF835" bold="true" box="[1068,1092,1953,1974]" pageId="106">A.</emphasis>
habit.
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF78FFA61DD6399DF5EEF835" bold="true" box="[1162,1184,1953,1974]" pageId="106">B.</emphasis>
outer phyllaries.
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF78FFA61C13399DF42EF835" bold="true" box="[1359,1376,1953,1974]" pageId="106">C</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF78FFA61CC8399DF4E2F835" bold="true" box="[1428,1452,1953,1974]" pageId="106">D.</emphasis>
median phyllaries.
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF78FFA6186339F9F03AF859" bold="true" box="[319,372,1989,2010]" pageId="106">E–G.</emphasis>
inner phyllaries.
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF78FFA61B4039F9F361F859" bold="true" box="[540,559,1989,2010]" pageId="106">H</emphasis>
. indumentum of median part of stem.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF79FFA719E13DE0F5E9FA02" blockId="107.[136,1452,160,1589]" pageId="107">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA719E13DE0F3CFFC76" bold="true" box="[189,641,988,1013]" pageId="107">Taxonomic and distribution remarks:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF79FFA71BC13DE0F237FC76" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2014" box="[669,889,988,1013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solitaria">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA71BC13DE0F237FC76" box="[669,889,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="107">Centaurea solitaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a narrow endemic to
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF79FFA71DD63DE0F4C8FC76" box="[1162,1414,988,1013]" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="107">Kermanshah Province</collectingRegion>
, W
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF79FFA719D43A3CF1FBFB9A" box="[136,181,1024,1049]" name="Iran" pageId="107">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF79FFA719983A3CF057FB9A" box="[196,281,1024,1049]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="105.[136,229,973,994]" captionTargetBox="[165,1436,213,928]" captionTargetId="figure-14@105.[151,1436,190,948]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 72. Distribution of Centaurea shehbazii (circles), C. solitaria (squares), and C. spicata (triangles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703612/files/figure.png" pageId="107">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
). It is an Irano-Turanian element, and grows on stony slopes, along river, green hills and fallow fields, at elevations of
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA7187E3A18F08FFBBE" box="[290,449,1060,1085]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.45" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="107" unit="m" value="1400.0" valueMax="1450.0" valueMin="1350.0">1350–1450 m</quantity>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF79FFA718913A18F3E4FBBE" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2014" box="[461,682,1060,1085]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solitaria">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA718913A18F3E4FBBE" box="[461,682,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="107">Centaurea solitaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows some affinity with
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF79FFA71A853A18F45AFBBE" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Wagenitz" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[985,1300,1060,1085]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="regia" variety="cynarocephala">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA71A853A18F57BFBBE" box="[985,1077,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="107">C. regia</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA71D333A18F45AFBBE" box="[1135,1300,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="107">cynarocephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its texture of appendages, length of spine and cilia, and somewhat color of appendages. However, it differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF79FFA71C413A74F063FB06" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Wagenitz" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="regia" variety="cynarocephala">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA71C413A74F437FBE2" box="[1309,1401,1096,1121]" italics="true" pageId="107">C. regia</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA719D43A50F063FB06" box="[136,301,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="107">cynarocephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its lower cauline leaves rhombic or rhombic-lanceolate, ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71D483A50F5DAFB06" box="[1044,1172,1132,1157]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="107" unit="cm" value="4.35" valueMax="4.4" valueMin="4.3">4.3–4.4 cm</quantity>
wide, narrowed at each end, denticulate (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA718153AACF02EFB2A" box="[329,352,1168,1193]" italics="true" pageId="107">vs</emphasis>
. broadly lanceolate,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71B173AACF3F7FB2A" box="[587,697,1168,1193]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="107" unit="cm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 cm</quantity>
wide, sometimes narrowed toward base or broadly decurrent along petiole, undivided or basally pinnatilobed), upper peduncles
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71A6E3A88F2DAFB4E" box="[818,916,1204,1229]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="107" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3–10 cm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA71AF93A88F2F2FB4E" box="[933,956,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="107">vs</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71A973A88F572FB4E" box="[971,1084,1204,1229]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="107" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 cm</quantity>
) long, involucres broadly ovoid, 35–45 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA719AD3AE4F023FB72" box="[241,365,1240,1265]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="32.0">32–38 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA718233AE4F0D8FB72" box="[383,406,1240,1265]" italics="true" pageId="107">vs</emphasis>
. subglobose or globose, 40–55 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71A7C3AE4F2EEFB72" box="[800,928,1240,1265]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="50.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="40.0">40–60 mm</quantity>
), phyllaries densely tomentose (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA71C4F3AE4F464FB72" box="[1299,1322,1240,1265]" italics="true" pageId="107">vs</emphasis>
. glabrous), appendages medium-sized, concealing a major part of phyllaries, triangular or narrowly lanceolate (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA71DAB3AC0F440FA96" box="[1271,1294,1276,1301]" italics="true" pageId="107">vs</emphasis>
. large, totally concealing phyllaries, ovate or broadly triangular), median appendages 16–18 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71D7D3B1CF5D2FABA" box="[1057,1180,1312,1337]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="13.0">13–16 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA71DF23B1CF58BFABA" box="[1198,1221,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="107">vs</emphasis>
. ca. 20–25 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71C393B1CF1F6FADE" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 mm</quantity>
), cilia subreflexed, 4–8 on each side (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA71B023B78F33BFADE" box="[606,629,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="107">vs</emphasis>
. erect, 10–17 on each side), and also in the pappus: bristles of inner rows slightly shorter than others (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA718983B54F095FA02" box="[452,475,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="107">vs</emphasis>
. bristles of inner rows much shorter than others,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71D5D3B54F510FA02" box="[1025,1118,1384,1409]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="107" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 mm</quantity>
long).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF79FFA719E13BB0F327FA26" blockId="107.[136,1452,160,1589]" box="[189,617,1420,1445]" pageId="107">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA719E13BB0F099FA26" bold="true" box="[189,471,1420,1445]" pageId="107">Chromosome numbers:</emphasis>
—Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF79FFA719E13B8CF335F9B6" pageId="107" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF79FFA719E13B8CF335F9B6" blockId="107.[136,1452,160,1589]" pageId="107">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA719E13B8CF3C8FA4A" bold="true" box="[189,646,1456,1481]" pageId="107">
Selected specimens examined:—
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF79FFA71B623B8CF3C8FA4A" box="[574,646,1456,1481]" name="Iran" pageId="107">IRAN</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. Prov.
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF79FFA71B8F3B8CF22BFA4A" box="[723,869,1456,1481]" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="107">Kermanshah</collectingRegion>
:
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71A333B8CF2FBFA4A" box="[879,949,1456,1481]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="107" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
to Ravansar,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71D103B8CF5EDFA4A" box="[1100,1187,1456,1481]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="107" unit="m" value="1450.0">1450 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFFF1022DF79FFA71DF23B8CF40BFA4A" box="[1198,1349,1456,1481]" pageId="107" value="2012-06-25">25 June 2012</date>
,
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA71C0C3B8CF028FA6E" italics="true" pageId="107">Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 28848</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED50AE27DF79FFA718273BE8F080FA6E" box="[379,462,1492,1517]" country="Iran" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15764" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15764" name="Bu-Ali Sina University" pageId="107" type="Herbarium">BASU</collectionCode>
!) (
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF79FFA718B13BE8F301FA6E" box="[493,591,1492,1517]" pageId="107" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF79FFA71B233BE8F211FA6E" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2014" box="[639,863,1492,1517]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solitaria">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA71B233BE8F211FA6E" box="[639,863,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="107">Centaurea solitaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA71A203BE8F58DFA6E" box="[892,1219,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="107">Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 28842</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED50AE27DF79FFA71D8B3BE8F464FA6E" box="[1239,1322,1492,1517]" country="Iran" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15764" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15764" name="Bu-Ali Sina University" pageId="107" type="Herbarium">BASU</collectionCode>
!) (
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF79FFA71C153BE8F4E5FA6E" box="[1353,1451,1492,1517]" pageId="107" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF79FFA719F63BC4F0C6F992" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2014" box="[170,392,1528,1553]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solitaria">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA719F63BC4F0C6F992" box="[170,392,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="107">Centaurea solitaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Ravansar toward Kamyaran,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71BAF3BC4F205F992" box="[755,843,1528,1553]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="107" unit="km" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 km</quantity>
after Ravansar,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF79FFA71D573BC4F52BF992" box="[1035,1125,1528,1553]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.375" pageId="107" unit="m" value="1375.0">1375 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFFF1022DF79FFA71D283BC4F45DF992" box="[1140,1299,1528,1553]" pageId="107" value="2014-05-29">29 May 2014</date>
,
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF79FFA71C7D3BC4F010F9B6" italics="true" pageId="107">Negaresh &amp; Kamalnejad 20135</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED50AE27DF79FFA718323820F0E6F9B6" box="[366,424,1564,1589]" pageId="107">HUI</collectionCode>
!, herb. Negaresh!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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