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<mods:title id="8327CB22FA6807F14C2DD341FEFD8916">Early Coal Swamp Vegetation From The Serpukhovian Lower Clackmannan Group Of Scotland</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="C86663FF8376C25A9038568168712710">Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS 8 1 TQ, United Kingdom; email: christopher. cleal @ bristol. ac. uk.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="84B8ADA050FA92F6D2AE8415058E8912">Strullu-Derrien, Christine</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7EB8735B5ABB3224366AB62E8257B2B2">Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (UMR 7205), Muséum National dHistoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France. &amp; Science Group, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B004C2324653995277B52F591D620F45">Spencer, Alan R. T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8846BA93D4A0FB2B39A5B8CFD20EA425">Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom. &amp; Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D29B031FFA87498FA4A52A7FA76" authority="(GOPP.) GOPP." authorityName="GOPP." baseAuthorityName="GOPP." box="[901,1256,1436,1461]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Stigmaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellata">
<emphasis id="B97CEAB8B031FFA87498FA4A5208FA77" bold="true" box="[901,1095,1436,1461]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Stigmaria stellata</emphasis>
(
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.)
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.
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in
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B5BB031FFA87216FA4A53C0FA76" author="Bronn, H. G." box="[1291,1423,1437,1461]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" refId="ref16291" refString="Bronn, H. G. (1848): Index palaeontologicus: oder Ubersicht der bis jetzt bekannten fossilen Organismen. Erste Abtheilung. A. Nomenciator palaeontologicus, in alphabetischer Ordnung. - E. Schweitzerbart, Stuttgart, 1381 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 102095" type="book" year="1848">Bronn 1848</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BB736AAB031FFA87350FA6A5288FA16" blockId="8.[1101,1223,1469,1493]" box="[1101,1223,1469,1493]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<figureCitation id="13332A2FB031FFA87350FA6A5288FA16" box="[1101,1223,1469,1493]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[125,206,1966,1987]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[123,783,624,1098]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 5. a: Lepidostrobophyllum veltheimianum (GEINITZ) STRULLU-DERRIEN, CLEAL, DUCASSOU, A.R.T.SPENCER, STOLLE et LESHYK; New Braidbar Quarry, Giffnock, East Renfrewshire; below Orchard Limestone, Upper Limestone Formation; BGS Kidst.2625. b: Lepidophloios grangeri B.A.THOMAS; Craw Coal, No. 4 Mine, Grange, Boness, Linlithgowshire; Limestone Coal Formation; BGS Kidst.1828. c: Stigmaria stellata (GÖPP.) GÖPP.; above Steam Coal, Stripeside Pit, Herbertshire Colliery, Denny, Stirlingshire;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14722401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14722401/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Text-fig. 5c</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB736AAB031FFA87456FA3C538AF9C3" blockId="8.[843,1482,1515,1625]" box="[843,1477,1515,1537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
1841
<taxonomicName id="4C084D29B031FFA8748BFA3C52B8F9C2" authority="GOPP." authorityName="GOPP." box="[918,1271,1515,1537]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Stigmaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ficoides" variety="stellata">
<emphasis id="B97CEAB8B031FFA8748BFA3C520BF9C3" box="[918,1092,1515,1536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Stigmaria ficoides</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B97CEAB8B031FFA87369FA3C52F4F9C3" box="[1140,1211,1515,1536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">stellata</emphasis>
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.
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, p. 19, pl. 10, fig. 12.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB736AAB031FFA87456F9DE53CFF9DD" blockId="8.[843,1482,1515,1625]" box="[843,1408,1544,1566]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
1848
<taxonomicName id="4C084D29B031FFA8748BF9DE5285F9DD" authority="(GOPP.) GOPP." authorityName="GOPP." baseAuthorityName="GOPP." box="[918,1226,1544,1566]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Stigmaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellata">
<emphasis id="B97CEAB8B031FFA8748BF9DE520DF9DE" box="[918,1090,1544,1566]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Stigmaria stellata</emphasis>
(
<smallCapsWord id="8D51A076B031FFA8734DF9DE52CFF9DD" baselines="1561,1562" box="[1104,1152,1545,1566]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Gopp" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">GÖPP</smallCapsWord>
.)
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.
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in Bronn, p. 1201.
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1966
<taxonomicName id="4C084D29B031FFA8748BF9F15284F9F8" authority="(GOPP.) GOPP." authorityName="GOPP." baseAuthorityName="GOPP." box="[918,1227,1574,1595]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Stigmaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellata">
<emphasis id="B97CEAB8B031FFA8748BF9F1520DF9F8" box="[918,1090,1574,1595]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Stigmaria stellata</emphasis>
(
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.)
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.
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; Crookall, p. 558, pl. 104, fig. 5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB736AAB031FFA8746CF9A6532FF8CB" blockId="8.[843,1482,1648,1800]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
D e s c r i p t i o n. Casts and compressions of axes up to
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wide, surfaces covered with circular to oval scars
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in size; scars have a slightly raised rim and a prominent raised vascular cicatrix. Each scar surrounded by
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long radiating ridges giving a stellate-appearance.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB736AAB031FFA8746CF8F75386F894" blockId="8.[843,1481,1823,1879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">R e m a r k s. This distinctive fossil-species only seems to occur in lower Carboniferous macrofloras and can be</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B97CEAB8B031FFA8779CF8795367F7D8" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
Limestone Coal Formation; BGS Kidst.4290. d:
<taxonomicName id="4C084D29B031FFA87561F87955B8F801" authority="(STUR) HIRMER" authorityName="HIRMER" baseAuthorityName="STUR" box="[636,1015,1966,1987]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Calamitaceae" genus="Mesocalamites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Equisetales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haueri">
<emphasis id="B97CEAB8B031FFA87561F8795517F800" bold="true" box="[636,856,1966,1987]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Mesocalamites haueri</emphasis>
(
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)
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; left bank of stream, lower side of old stone bridge, Bilston Burn, near Polton,
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; Bed underlying No. 6 Limestone, Upper Limestone Formation; BGS Kidst.4426. e:
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<emphasis id="B97CEAB8B031FFA87787F83E57C4F83D" bold="true" box="[154,395,2025,2046]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Mesocalamites taitianus</emphasis>
(
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. et
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.)
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; left bank of stream, lower side of old stone bridge, Bilston Burn, near Polton,
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; Bed underlying No. 6 Limestone, Upper Limestone Formation; BGS Kidst.4428. All scale bars =
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.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB736AAB030FFA97777FF40572DFE13" blockId="9.[106,745,151,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
distinguished from the more widespread
<taxonomicName id="4C084D29B030FFA9753BFF4F577CFF0C" authority="(STERNB.) BRONGN." authorityName="BRONGN." baseAuthorityName="STERNB." class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Stigmaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ficoides">
<emphasis id="B97CEAB8B030FFA9753BFF4F54A7FF6C" box="[550,744,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Stigmaria ficoides</emphasis>
(
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.)
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.
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by the stallate surface markings on the axes between the root scars.
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B5BB030FFA976A2FF0F543DFF33" author="Crookall, R." box="[447,626,216,240]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" pagination="355 - 572" refId="ref17444" refString="Crookall, R. (1966): Fossil plants of the Carboniferous rocks of Great Britain (Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, Palaeontology, vol. IV, part 4). - Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London, pp. 355 - 572." type="book chapter" year="1966">Crookall (1966)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that they were the rhizophores of
<taxonomicName id="4C084D29B030FFA976CBFF2F56F2FEEC" authority="STERNB." authorityName="STERNB." class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Lepidodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="veltheimii">
<emphasis id="B97CEAB8B030FFA976CBFF2F54A7FED3" box="[470,744,248,272]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Lepidodendron veltheimii</emphasis>
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.
</taxonomicName>
(see also
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B5BB030FFA9762AFECF5795FEF3" author="Jennings, J. R." box="[311,474,280,304]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" pagination="414 - 425" refId="ref20425" refString="Jennings, J. R. (1973): The morphology of Stigmaria stellata. - American Journal of Botany, 60: 414 - 425. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / j. 1537 - 2197.1973. tb 05942. x" type="journal article" year="1973">Jennings 1973</bibRefCitation>
). At one locality in the Limestone Coal Formation (Stripeside Pit, Herbertshire Colliery),
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B5BB030FFA977FFFE8F57D6FEB3" author="Crookall, R." box="[226,409,344,368]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" pagination="355 - 572" refId="ref17444" refString="Crookall, R. (1966): Fossil plants of the Carboniferous rocks of Great Britain (Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, Palaeontology, vol. IV, part 4). - Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London, pp. 355 - 572." type="book chapter" year="1966">Crookall (1966)</bibRefCitation>
also reported specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C084D29B030FFA97777FEAF5763FE53" box="[106,300,376,400]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Stigmaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ficoides">
<emphasis id="B97CEAB8B030FFA97777FEAF5763FE53" box="[106,300,376,400]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Stigmaria ficoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in association with
<taxonomicName id="4C084D29B030FFA97515FEAF543CFE53" box="[520,627,376,400]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Stigmaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellata">
<emphasis id="B97CEAB8B030FFA97515FEAF543CFE53" box="[520,627,376,400]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">S. stellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, these Stripeside Pit specimens are merely poorly preserved examples of
<taxonomicName id="4C084D29B030FFA977EFFE6E5713FE13" box="[242,348,440,464]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Stigmaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellata">
<emphasis id="B97CEAB8B030FFA977EFFE6E5713FE13" box="[242,348,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">S. stellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB736AAB030FFA9778DFE3F5465FDA3" blockId="9.[106,745,487,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">O c c u r r e n c e s. Limestone Coal Formation, between the Johnstone Shell Bed and the coal-bearing interval above the Black Metals Band; also, from below the Orchard Limestone (Upper Limestone Formation).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>