148 lines
14 KiB
XML
148 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4725626" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107707" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4725626" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E206157FF5ED83FFB7218B9" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica polyctenaxrufa" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="155" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" updateTime="1643400285664" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>133</mods:start>
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<mods:end>179</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4725626" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107707" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4725626" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E206157FF5ED83FFB7218B9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E206157FF5ED83FFB7218B9" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
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<heading bold="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" reason="0">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
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<subSubSection box="[151,543,638,666]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[151,760,638,695]" box="[151,543,638,666]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
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<taxonomicName box="[151,543,638,666]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctenaxrufa">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,440,638,666]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
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×
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[476,543,638,666]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">rufa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[151,760,638,695]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">– hybrids and backcrosses</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[151,772,721,2023]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
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All material examined. The full set of numeric phenotypical data was recorded in 55 nest samples with
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<specimenCount box="[151,288,784,807]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="worker">345 workers</specimenCount>
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and 16 gynes; for details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3. The total number of mounted samples stored in SMN Görlitz and investigated either subjectively or by partial or complete numeric recording of the phenotypical characters used here was 68. These included
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<specimenCount box="[545,684,912,935]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="worker">453 workers</specimenCount>
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and 18 gynes and originated from
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<collectingCountry box="[443,525,945,967]" name="Austria" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Austria</collectingCountry>
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(one sample),
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<collectingCountry box="[677,771,945,967]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
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(three),
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<collectingCountry box="[236,321,977,999]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Czechia</collectingCountry>
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(one),
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<collectingCountry box="[391,477,977,999]" name="Finland" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Finland</collectingCountry>
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(two),
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<collectingCountry box="[549,651,977,998]" name="Germany" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Germany</collectingCountry>
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(29),
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<collectingCountry name="United Kingdom" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
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(20),
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<collectingCountry box="[287,363,1009,1031]" name="Poland" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Poland</collectingCountry>
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(two),
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<collectingCountry box="[433,506,1009,1031]" name="Russia" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Russia</collectingCountry>
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(two),
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<collectingCountry box="[576,660,1009,1031]" name="Sweden" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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(one), and
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<collectingCountry box="[151,282,1041,1063]" name="Switzerland" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
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(six). Character recording in ethanol-stored material according to the former investigation protocol of
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<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[178,341,1105,1127]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 27" part="65" refId="ref46529" refString="SEIFERT, B. 1991: The phenotypes of the Formica rufa complex in East Germany. - Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz 65: 1 - 27." title="The phenotypes of the Formica rufa complex in East Germany" type="journal article" year="1991">SEIFERT (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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was done until the year
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<quantity box="[604,686,1105,1127]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.06222" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" unit="in" value="1993.0">1993 in</quantity>
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further 98 nest samples with about 2700 workers largely from
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<collectingCountry box="[151,253,1169,1190]" name="Germany" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Germany</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[307,384,1169,1191]" name="Russia" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Russia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[151,772,721,2023]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
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Geographic range. Hybrids are expected to occur wherever the parental species are in contact and hybrid frequency is estimated over the whole range as 6 - 8%. However, there are big regional differences in hybrid frequency. In Britain, where the typical
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[307,451,1361,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
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<emphasis box="[307,451,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica rufa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are absent, 95% of all samples are phenotypically intermediate and the whole population is supposed to consist of hybrids. The British hybrids are on average smaller and have longer gular setae than the continental hybrids (
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<tableCitation box="[391,457,1488,1510]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="11.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,282,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-49@11.[151,1436,275,2018]" captionText="Tab.1: Workers of species and hybrids close to Formica rufa; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3D614AFF5EDAF0FEEE1839" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" tableUuid="29FD66685E3D614AFF5EDAF0FEEE1839">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
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). Yet, describing them as a separate hybridogenous species is not justified as they cannot be separated from continental hybrids by any form of exploratory or hypothesis-driven data analysis. Anyway, it would be interesting to study their nuclear genome for genetic divergence during the time after the formation of the English Channel 7500 b.p.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[151,772,721,2023]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
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Diagnosis of worker (
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<tableCitation box="[523,609,1712,1734]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="11.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,282,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-49@11.[151,1436,275,2018]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Tab.1: Workers of species and hybrids close to Formica rufa; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3D614AFF5EDAF0FEEE1839" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
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, key). Both the continental and the British population are in nearly all characters intermediate between the parental species (
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<tableCitation box="[159,224,1808,1830]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="11.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,282,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-49@11.[151,1436,275,2018]" captionText="Tab.1: Workers of species and hybrids close to Formica rufa; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3D614AFF5EDAF0FEEE1839" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" tableUuid="29FD66685E3D614AFF5EDAF0FEEE1839">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
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). Identification is in most cases possible by dis- criminant functions if sufficiently large nest samples are considered.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[151,772,721,2023]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
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Diagnosis of gyne (
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<tableCitation box="[500,588,1905,1927]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="16.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,256,2005]" captionTargetId="graphics-28@16.[151,1437,249,2018]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Tab.6: Gynes of species and hybrids with sparse pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E266151FF5EDAF0FDB119D9" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Tab. 6</tableCitation>
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). Number and length of setae on average lower than in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[583,730,1937,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
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<emphasis box="[583,730,1937,1958]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica rufa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but on individual level often inseparable from either parental species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[816,1436,177,391]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
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Taxonomic comments and clustering results. This issue was thoroughly discussed in section “
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<treatmentCitation box="[826,1152,241,263]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
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<taxonomicName authority="LINNAEUS, 1761" authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[826,1152,241,263]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
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<emphasis box="[826,973,241,262]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica rufa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="LINNAEUS" bookContentInfo="578 pp." box="[979,1152,241,263]" firstAuthor="LINNAEUS" journalOrPublisher="L. Salvii, Stockholmiae" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" refId="ref46105" refString="LINNAEUS, C. 1761: Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Editio altera, auctior. - L. Salvii, Stockholmiae [= Stockholm], 48 + 578 pp." title="Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Editio altera, auctior" type="book" year="1761">LINNAEUS, 1761</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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” (p. 152).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[816,1436,177,391]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
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Biology. A brief report on the relations between the hybrid and the parental genotypes as well as on the biological properties and the probable adaptive advantage of the hybrid is given in
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<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." box="[1079,1247,369,391]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">SEIFERT (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |