322 lines
31 KiB
XML
322 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587861" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710754" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587861" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E206156FC9FD9AEFF751F39" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica minor GoSSWALD 1951" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="156" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>133</mods:start>
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<mods:end>179</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587861" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710754" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587861" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E206156FC9FD9AEFF751F39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E206156FC9FD9AEFF751F39" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
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<subSubSection box="[854,1265,1007,1030]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[816,1437,465,2023]" box="[854,1265,1007,1030]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
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<taxonomicName authority="GoSSWALD, 1951" authorityName="GoSSWALD" authorityYear="1951" box="[854,1265,1007,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1265,1007,1030]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1050,1007,1030]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica minor</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="GoSSWALD" box="[1056,1265,1008,1030]" firstAuthor="GoSSWALD" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" pagination="433 - 457" part="32" refId="ref45716" refString="GOSSWALD, K. 1951: Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides. - Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie 32: 433 - 457." title="Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides" type="journal article" year="1951">GÖSSWALD, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[816,1317,1040,1064]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[816,1437,465,2023]" box="[816,1317,1040,1064]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
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<treatmentCitation box="[816,1172,1040,1064]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
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<taxonomicName authority="GOSSWALD, 1951" authorityName="GoSSWALD" authorityYear="1951" box="[816,1172,1040,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis box="[816,984,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica minor</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="GOSSWALD" box="[990,1172,1040,1064]" firstAuthor="GOSSWALD" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" pagination="433 - 457" part="32" refId="ref45716" refString="GOSSWALD, K. 1951: Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides. - Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie 32: 433 - 457." title="Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides" type="journal article" year="1951">GÖSSWALD, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[description]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[816,1437,465,2023]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E206156FC9FD9AEFF751F39:785D603B5E206157FC9FDE70FC171D79" box="[854,902,1073,1095]" country="Germany" municipality="Wurzburg" name="This" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">This</location>
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taxon was described from near
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<collectingMunicipality box="[1252,1363,1073,1095]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Würzburg</collectingMunicipality>
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/
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<collectingCountry name="Germany" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Germany</collectingCountry>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="GOSSWALD" box="[892,1086,1104,1128]" firstAuthor="GOSSWALD" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" pagination="433 - 457" part="32" refId="ref45716" refString="GOSSWALD, K. 1951: Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides. - Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie 32: 433 - 457." title="Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides" type="journal article" year="1951">GÖSSWALD (1951)</bibRefCitation>
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apparently did not define
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<typeStatus box="[1387,1434,1105,1126]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">type</typeStatus>
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specimens but everything he reported in his lengthy treatise makes clear that he meant
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<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1155,1364,1169,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
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<emphasis box="[1155,1364,1169,1190]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[816,1437,465,2023]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
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All material examined. The full set of numeric phenotypical data was recorded in 58 nest samples with
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<specimenCount box="[816,950,1265,1287]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="worker">314 workers</specimenCount>
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and 33 gynes; for details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3. The total number of mounted samples stored in SMN Görlitz and investigated either subjectively or by partial or complete numeric recording of the phenotypical characters used here was 69. These included
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<specimenCount box="[1255,1389,1393,1415]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="worker">329 workers</specimenCount>
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and 32 gynes and originated from
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<collectingCountry box="[1137,1228,1425,1447]" name="Belgium" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Belgium</collectingCountry>
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(one),
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<collectingCountry box="[1297,1383,1425,1447]" name="Finland" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Finland</collectingCountry>
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(10),
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<collectingCountry box="[816,892,1457,1478]" name="France" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">France</collectingCountry>
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(one),
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<collectingCountry box="[968,1070,1457,1478]" name="Germany" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Germany</collectingCountry>
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(45),
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<collectingCountry box="[1136,1212,1457,1479]" name="Poland" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Poland</collectingCountry>
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(one),
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<collectingCountry box="[1288,1361,1457,1479]" name="Russia" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Russia</collectingCountry>
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(four), and
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<collectingCountry box="[867,1002,1489,1511]" name="Switzerland" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
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(seven).
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E206156FC9FD9AEFF751F39:785D603B5E206157FB9ADF90FB531CD9" box="[1107,1218,1489,1511]" country="Belgium" municipality="Moscow region" name="Character" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Character</location>
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recording in ethanol-stored material according to the former investigation protocol of
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<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[937,1099,1553,1575]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 27" part="65" refId="ref46529" refString="SEIFERT, B. 1991: The phenotypes of the Formica rufa complex in East Germany. - Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz 65: 1 - 27." title="The phenotypes of the Formica rufa complex in East Germany" type="journal article" year="1991">SEIFERT (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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was done until the year
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<quantity box="[1356,1436,1553,1575]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.06222" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" unit="in" value="1993.0">1993 in</quantity>
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further 176 nest samples with about 1800 workers largely from
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<collectingCountry box="[876,978,1617,1638]" name="Germany" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Germany</collectingCountry>
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and the
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<collectingMunicipality box="[1072,1241,1617,1639]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Moscow region</collectingMunicipality>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[816,1437,465,2023]" lastBlockId="23.[151,773,177,1543]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
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Geographic range. Whole range apparently similar to that of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1000,1146,1681,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
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<emphasis box="[1000,1146,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica rufa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<collectingCountry box="[1158,1224,1681,1703]" name="Georgia" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Iberia</collectingCountry>
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to Lake Baikal. The clearly confirmed occurrence in Europe extends between
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<geoCoordinate box="[816,881,1745,1766]" degrees="42" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" precision="55555" value="42.0">42° N</geoCoordinate>
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und
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<geoCoordinate box="[941,1006,1745,1767]" degrees="61" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" precision="55555" value="61.0">61° N</geoCoordinate>
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; absent from British Isles,
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<collectingCountry box="[1311,1436,1745,1767]" name="Turkey" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
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and Caucasus. The northern distributional border in Fennoscandia and Siberia and the upper altitudinal limit in Central European mountains are not exactly known because of frequent confusion with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[1182,1389,1873,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
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<emphasis box="[1182,1389,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and occurrence of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[965,1093,1905,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
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<emphasis box="[965,1093,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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×
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<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1117,1224,1905,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
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<emphasis box="[1117,1224,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">polyctena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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hybrid populations. The putative northern limit in
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<collectingCountry box="[1144,1230,1937,1959]" name="Finland" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Finland</collectingCountry>
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is at
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<geoCoordinate box="[1282,1344,1937,1959]" degrees="63" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" precision="55555" value="63.0">63° N</geoCoordinate>
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or along the -10 °C January isotherm. Natural distribution in the Giant Mountains (
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<collectingCountry box="[1018,1105,2001,2023]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Czechia</collectingCountry>
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) up to
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<quantity box="[1183,1251,2001,2022]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
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(here artificially introduced at
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<quantity box="[309,387,177,198]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="m" value="1020.0">1020 m</quantity>
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), in the Alps ascending to
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<quantity box="[690,773,177,198]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
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at least.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="156" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[151,773,177,1543]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
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Diagnosis of worker (
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<tableCitation box="[509,594,241,263]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="11.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,282,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-49@11.[151,1436,275,2018]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Tab.1: Workers of species and hybrids close to Formica rufa; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3D614AFF5EDAF0FEEE1839" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
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, key). Clearly smaller than
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<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[295,443,273,294]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
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<emphasis box="[295,443,273,294]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica rufa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, mean and maximum
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<collectionCode box="[688,718,273,294]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">CS</collectionCode>
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||
over all social
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||
<typeStatus box="[254,314,305,326]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">types</typeStatus>
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1669 and
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||
<quantity box="[427,523,305,327]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0669999999999997" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="2067.0">2067µm</quantity>
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||
. Scape rather long and slender, SL /
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||
<collectionCode box="[302,331,337,358]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">CS</collectionCode>
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||
<subScript attach="left" box="[331,369,346,360]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
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||
0.932, SL / Smax
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<subScript attach="left" box="[571,609,346,360]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
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9.97. Setae on eyes short, EyeHL
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[347,385,378,392]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
|
||
<quantity box="[391,459,369,390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="17.0">17µm</quantity>
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||
; on posterior margin of head nearly always missing and, if present, usually of minute size; gular, pronotal, mesopleural and propodeal setae sparse and rather short, nGu
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||
<subScript attach="left" box="[476,514,474,488]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
|
||
1.46, GuHL
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[652,690,474,488]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
|
||
<quantity box="[698,767,465,487]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="51.0">51 µm</quantity>
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||
, nPn
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||
<subScript attach="left" box="[196,234,506,520]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
|
||
2.5, mPnHL
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[374,412,506,520]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
|
||
<quantity box="[418,487,497,518]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 µm</quantity>
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||
, nMes
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[557,595,506,520]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
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||
5.9, nPr
|
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<subScript attach="left" box="[685,723,506,520]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
|
||
2.3; setae on metapleuron usually absent. Pigmentation as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[151,224,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
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||
<emphasis box="[151,224,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">F. rufa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but percentage of dark pigmentation on mesosoma on average slightly higher due to smaller size and positive allometry of reddish pigmentation.
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||
</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582255" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5582255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582255/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" startId="23.[816,852,625,647]" targetBox="[847,1414,173,604]" targetPageId="23">
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||
<paragraph blockId="23.[816,1438,625,903]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
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||
Fig. 24: Position of the type samples of
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1849" box="[1232,1391,625,646]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
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<emphasis box="[1232,1391,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica major</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
NY-
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<bibRefCitation box="[816,957,657,678]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">LANDER, 1849</bibRefCitation>
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(MA) and
|
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<treatmentCitation box="[1062,1438,657,678]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="KARAVAJEV, 1929" authorityName="KARAVAJEV" authorityYear="1929" box="[1062,1438,657,678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constricta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1062,1258,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica constricta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation box="[1263,1438,657,678]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">KARAVAJEV, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(CO) in a principal component analysis considering 58 nest samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[936,1136,721,742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
|
||
<emphasis box="[936,1136,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(black squares) and 27 nest samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[938,1137,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[938,1137,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
×
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1168,1272,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1168,1272,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">polyctena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or backcrosses (white dots). The
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1001,1130,785,806]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1001,1130,785,806]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">F. polyctena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sample deeply placed within the hybrid cluster is aberrant and cannot be a hybrid for zoogeographical reasons. Seven phenotypic characters were considered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,773,177,1543]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
|
||
Diagnosis of gyne (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[476,561,657,679]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="16.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,256,2005]" captionTargetId="graphics-28@16.[151,1437,249,2018]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Tab.6: Gynes of species and hybrids with sparse pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E266151FF5EDAF0FDB119D9" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Tab. 6</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[585,665,657,679]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,187,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[151,771,801,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[151,771,801,1301]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig.2: Formica polyctena, gyne; paramedian surface of the dorsum of first gaster tergite. There is some trend to show stronger transverse microripples and a more dilute pubescence than Formica rufa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582228" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582228/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rather small; mean and maximum
|
||
<collectionCode box="[459,489,689,710]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">CS</collectionCode>
|
||
2037 and
|
||
<quantity box="[604,700,688,710]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.165" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="2165.0">2165 µm</quantity>
|
||
; scape rather long and slender, SL /
|
||
<collectionCode box="[481,511,721,742]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">CS</collectionCode>
|
||
0.864, SL / Smax 9.17. Setae on eyes short, EyeHL
|
||
<quantity box="[477,549,753,774]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 µm</quantity>
|
||
; setae on posterior margin of head and gula always missing; pronotum bare, exceptionally without single short setae of up to
|
||
<quantity box="[704,771,817,838]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="42.0">42 µm</quantity>
|
||
length; meso- and metapleuron and frontal face of first gaster tergite without setae, if single setae are present these may have
|
||
<quantity box="[324,440,912,934]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="60.0">60 - 80 µm</quantity>
|
||
length; ventral surface of first gaster sternite with fewer setae than in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[610,764,945,966]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[610,764,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica rufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, nSt 6.2, StHL
|
||
<quantity box="[306,389,977,998]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="122.0">122 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Pubescence distance and distance of foveolae on paramedian dorsum of first gaster tergite high, sqPDG 12.2, FodG
|
||
<quantity box="[412,482,1040,1062]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="58.0">58µm</quantity>
|
||
. Shiny surface of scutellum usually restricted to a small median stripe. Dorsum of gaster viewed at lower magnification shiny but usually less than in
|
||
<emphasis box="[239,321,1137,1158]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[239,317,1137,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">F. rufa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which is caused by very faint transverse microripples. In some specimens the microripples may be stronger developed somewhat reminiscent of the situation in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[179,383,1233,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[179,383,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Colouration as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[589,663,1233,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[589,663,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">F. rufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="156" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,773,177,1543]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
|
||
Taxonomic comments and clustering results. For separation from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[492,638,1297,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[492,638,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica rufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and hybrids / backcrosses
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[302,508,1328,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
|
||
<emphasis box="[302,508,1328,1350]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
×
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[533,581,1328,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[533,581,1328,1349]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">rufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see section “
|
||
<treatmentCitation pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="LINNAEUS, 1761" authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica rufa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="LINNAEUS" bookContentInfo="578 pp." box="[273,451,1361,1383]" firstAuthor="LINNAEUS" journalOrPublisher="L. Salvii, Stockholmiae" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" refId="ref46105" refString="LINNAEUS, C. 1761: Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Editio altera, auctior. - L. Salvii, Stockholmiae [= Stockholm], 48 + 578 pp." title="Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Editio altera, auctior" type="book" year="1761">LINNAEUS, 1761</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
” (p. 152) and for separation from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[215,431,1393,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[215,431,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and hybrids / backcrosses
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
×
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[286,395,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
|
||
<emphasis box="[286,395,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">polyctena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see section “
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[543,749,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[543,749,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
×
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,260,1457,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,260,1457,1478]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">polyctena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– hybrids and backcrosses” (p. 156).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="156" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,773,177,1543]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
|
||
Biology. See the condensed information in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">SEIFERT (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |