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<document id="2CCCF36ABCD76EB883B8D6F381F76DCA" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh &amp; Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FFFA392892DA94DE37A8DAED" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="104" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="104" updateTime="1734100605626" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1C9F4D8F339B674FB86104426E9790A4">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5DE78B205B52343A34A0579CDF8F913B">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F2E6182CA5C4374B5E6CDEEF37128E16">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AA8C60480C9F27E57477023AB4656986">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A5B72534BCBE4D1CDEC02C56243E9FBC" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="56FF2AFDF3C2EB293C86597E10872F9C">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E42F31519E18C022686CEBE7FCE0004E" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="F40A596857F325A0C097B0C7EA785195">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="44AE046881587BEA79B3FC9F1302A50B">2024-11-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ED3A4F9BE65DB3F3FFF920BEB9FD6DE9">5542</mods:number>
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<treatment id="981B8798FFFA392892DA94DE37A8DAED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14445303" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14445303" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FFFA392892DA94DE37A8DAED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FFFA392892DA94DE37A8DAED" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFFA392892DA94DE371FDEE7" box="[151,558,906,932]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFFA392892DA94DE371FDEE7" blockId="103.[151,558,906,969]" box="[151,558,906,932]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<heading id="4B4581E2FFFA392892DA94DE371FDEE7" bold="true" box="[151,558,906,932]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFA392892DA94DE371FDEE7" ID-CoL="ZWNL" authority="Lindinger" authorityName="Lindinger" box="[151,558,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Cryptococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fagisuga">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA392892DA94DE371FDEE7" bold="true" box="[151,558,906,932]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA392892DA94DE3498DEE7" bold="true" box="[151,425,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Cryptococcus fagisuga</emphasis>
Lindinger
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFFA392892DA94FA371BDE8B" box="[151,554,942,969]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFFA392892DA94FA371BDE8B" blockId="103.[151,558,906,969]" box="[151,554,942,969]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFFA392892D294FA35C3DE8A" box="[159,242,942,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="104.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-22@104.[158,1430,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 45. Adult female of Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger, modified from Miller &amp; Miller (1993a), page 69, fig. 30, with kind permission from the authors and the publisher of The American Entomological Institute. A, antenna; B, hind leg represented by cluster pore plate; C, spiracle; D, trilocular pore; E, quinquelocular disc-pores; F, macrotubular duct; G, anal ring; H, microtubular duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385548/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFFA392893F094FA3713DE8B" box="[445,546,942,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 89" captionStartId="179.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[210,1380,190,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-17@179.[197,1391,181,1482]" captionTargetPageId="179" captionText="FIGURE 89. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Asterodiaspis minor (Russell); B, Asterodiaspis quercicola (Bouché); C, Bambusaspis bambusae (Boisduval); D, Bodenheimera rachelae (Bodenheimer); E, Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock; F, Ceroplastes rubens Maskell; G, Ceroplastes rusci (Linnaeus); H, Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio; I, Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus; J, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana); K, Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger; L, Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskaya)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385711/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 89K</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFFA392892DA94A73422D9D5" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFFA392892DA94A734F4D969" blockId="103.[151,1437,1011,1066]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FFFA392892DA94A734F4D969" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFFA392892DA94A7373CD948" author="Barensprung, F. V." box="[151,525,1011,1035]" page="174" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="1849">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFA392892DA94A7373CD948" authority="Barensprung, 1849: 174" authorityName="Barensprung" authorityPageNumber="174" authorityYear="1849" box="[151,525,1011,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fagi">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA392892DA94A7343ED948" box="[151,271,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Coccus fagi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFFA3928935B94A7373CD948" author="Barensprung, F. V." box="[278,525,1011,1035]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="165 - 170" refId="ref97862" refString="Barensprung, F. V. (1849) [Observations of some native species from the family of Coccidae]. Zeitung fur Zoologie, Zootomie und Palaeozoologie, 1, 165 - 170 + 173 - 176. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1849">Bärensprung, 1849: 174</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFA3928905A94A7361AD948" authority="(Barensprung)" baseAuthorityName="Barensprung" box="[535,811,1011,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fagi">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA3928905A94A737BED948" box="[535,655,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Coccus fagi</emphasis>
(Bärensprung)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFFA3928917894A736CBD948" author="Walker, F." box="[821,1018,1011,1035]" page="1086" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="1852">
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFFA3928917894A736CBD948" author="Walker, F." box="[821,1018,1011,1035]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref110380" refString="Walker, F. (1852) List of the specimens of homopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, Part IV. British Museum (Natural History), London, 1188 pp." type="book" year="1852">Walker 1852: 1086</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFFA3928964994A735DCD96A" author="Lindinger, L." page="444" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="1936">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFA3928964994A735DCD96A" ID-CoL="ZWNL" authority="Lindinger, 1936: 444" authorityName="Lindinger" authorityPageNumber="444" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Cryptococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fagisuga">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA3928964994A731DDD948" box="[1028,1260,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Cryptococcus fagisuga</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFFA392896BE94A735DCD96A" author="Lindinger, L." pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref104639" refString="Lindinger, L. (1936) [New contributions to the knowledge of scale insects (Coccidae)]. Entomologische Zeitschrift, 49, 444. [in German]" type="journal volume" year="1936">Lindinger, 1936: 444</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(replacement name).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFFA392892DA93033422D9D5" blockId="103.[151,1437,1111,1966]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA392892DA93033452D931" bold="true" box="[151,355,1111,1138]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Field characters:</emphasis>
Live adult female bright yellow, nearly hemispherical, enclosed in felted, filamentous ovisac of white wax.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFFA3928928A93CB35D7D8BE" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFFA3928928A93CB34B0D865" blockId="103.[151,1437,1111,1966]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA3928928A93CB34ECD9FA" bold="true" box="[199,477,1183,1209]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female subcircular or broadly oval, 0.5-1.0 mm long; derm remaining membranous throughout life. Antennae stub-like, each 1‒3 segmented. Pro- and mesothoracic legs absent; each hind leg reduced to an oval cluster pore plate. Anal ring bearing 4 setae and small pores and surrounded by 6 or 8 large setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFFA3928928A926434C2D82E" blockId="103.[151,1437,1111,1966]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA3928928A92643418D80A" box="[199,297,1328,1353]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Dorsum.</emphasis>
Setae conical, scattered. Macrotubular ducts of 1 size, and microtubular ducts present throughout. Multilocular disc-pores absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFFA3928928A922C35D7D8BE" blockId="103.[151,1437,1111,1966]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA3928928A922C3422D8D2" box="[199,275,1400,1425]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Venter.</emphasis>
Setae hair-like. Spiracles heavily sclerotized, each with 3–6 associated quinquelocular disc-pores. Quinquelocular pores present as group in area of anal ring; others present mostly in marginal areas of venter. Macrotubular ducts of 1 size present throughout, and microtubular ducts present along margin. Cruciform pores absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFFA3928928A915337B2DB29" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFFA3928928A915337B2DB29" blockId="103.[151,1437,1111,1966]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA3928928A91533452DB62" bold="true" box="[199,355,1543,1569]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFA39289322915C3744DB61" box="[367,629,1544,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Cryptococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fagisuga">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA39289322915C3744DB61" box="[367,629,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Cryptococcus fagisuga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species of Palaearctic origin, now known from 40 countries in the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFFA3928900A917836B5DB06" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[583,900,1579,1606]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA3928914F91783606DB06" box="[770,823,1579,1605]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFFA392891F6917836DADB05" box="[955,1003,1580,1606]" name="Iran" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it has been recorded from
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFFA39289761917F305BDB06" box="[1324,1386,1579,1605]" country="Iran" name="Gilan" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Gilan</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFFA392892DA911B3410DB2A" box="[151,289,1615,1641]" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Mazandaran</collectingRegion>
provinces (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFFA392893E9911B3746DB29" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[420,631,1615,1642]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref105743" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2009) Insects of Iran: the list of Coccoidea in the Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (2). Hemiptera: Coccoidea. Publications, Plant Pests &amp; Diseases Research Institute, Insect Taxonomy Research Department, No. 16, 1 - 45." type="book chapter" year="2009">Moghaddam 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFFA3928928A91203731DBB9" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFFA3928928A91203731DBB9" blockId="103.[151,1437,1111,1966]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA3928928A9120346ADBCD" bold="true" box="[199,347,1652,1678]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The scale is oligophagous, having been recorded on host-plants in two genera belonging to the families
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFA392892B691CC3452DBF1" baseAuthorityName="Miller &amp; Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[251,355,1688,1714]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFA3928933891CC34C4DBF1" box="[373,501,1688,1714]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA3928933891CC348ADBF2" box="[373,443,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fagus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
), and possibly
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFA392890E991C33639DBF2" box="[676,776,1687,1713]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFA3928915791CC36FADBF2" box="[794,971,1687,1713]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA3928915791CC36FADBF2" box="[794,971,1687,1713]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Pinus sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFFA392891AB91CC3010DBF2" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[998,1313,1687,1714]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA392896ED91CC31E5DBF2" box="[1184,1236,1687,1713]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
); however,
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFFA392892DA91EF348CDB95" author="Kosztarab, M. P. &amp; Kozar, F." box="[151,445,1723,1750]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref104040" refString="Kosztarab, M. P. &amp; Kozar, F. (1988) Scale Insects of Central Europe. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 456 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 009 - 4045 - 1" type="book" year="1988">Kosztarab &amp; Kozar (1988)</bibRefCitation>
regarded the latter as a very doubtful record. In
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFFA3928918691E836CADB95" box="[971,1019,1724,1750]" name="Iran" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it has been found on
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFA392896AB91E830ADDB96" box="[1254,1436,1723,1749]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA392896AB91E830ADDB96" box="[1254,1436,1723,1749]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fagus orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFA392892D291B4343ADBB9" baseAuthorityName="Miller &amp; Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[159,267,1760,1786]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFFA3928936D918B34C5DBB9" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[288,500,1759,1786]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref105743" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2009) Insects of Iran: the list of Coccoidea in the Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (2). Hemiptera: Coccoidea. Publications, Plant Pests &amp; Diseases Research Institute, Insect Taxonomy Research Department, No. 16, 1 - 45." type="book chapter" year="2009">Moghaddam 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFFA3928928A905737A8DAED" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFFA3928928A905735FDDAC9" blockId="103.[151,1437,1111,1966]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA3928928A905734EDDA5E" bold="true" box="[199,476,1795,1821]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Economic importance:</emphasis>
In association with canker fungi,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFA3928913B9050311CDA5D" box="[886,1069,1796,1822]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Nectriaceae" genus="Neonectria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA3928913B905036C3DA5E" box="[886,1010,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Neonectria</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
(Ascomycota,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFA392896AC9057305ADA5E" box="[1249,1387,1795,1821]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Nectriaceae" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="family">Nectriaceae</taxonomicName>
);
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFA392897CE905035C6DA01" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Cryptococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fagisuga">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA392897CE905035C6DA01" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">C. fagisuga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
causes extensive damage to native beech trees in the northeastern
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFFA392891AE9073314BDA01" box="[995,1146,1831,1858]" name="United States of America" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">United States</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFFA392896C5907330BEDA01" author="Miller, D. R. &amp; Miller, G. L." box="[1160,1423,1831,1858]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref105517" refString="Miller, D. R. &amp; Miller, G. L. (1993 a) Eriococcidae of the Eastern United States (Homoptera). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 27 (4), 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="1993">Miller &amp; Miller, 1993a</bibRefCitation>
), whereas in its natural range the beech trees are tolerant of the fungi. The scale is of no economic importance in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFFA392892DA902435F9DAC9" box="[151,200,1904,1930]" name="Iran" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFFA3928928A90C037A8DAED" blockId="103.[151,1437,1111,1966]" box="[199,665,1939,1966]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA3928928A90C034A5DAEE" bold="true" box="[199,404,1939,1966]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFFA3928902990C037A4DAED" box="[612,661,1940,1966]" name="Iran" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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