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<document id="03A8DCDF76151B71C7ACE53D2BD04C4E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh &amp; Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FFDF390C92DA97C337A8D976" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Exaeretopus tritici Williams" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1734100605626" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="075803230CE48DB6B47569F006DB0D14">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="61E3E95A3D011C82B8378912DDFC9A31">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D47930EC24E60718B43BC48A0C89F3F9">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="85194EC7819F722657278FCCD8EB73BE">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8B123CED66ADA928720446E65FD25CBE">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFDF390D92DA97C334DEDDF2" box="[151,495,151,177]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFDF390D92DA97C334DEDDF2" blockId="66.[151,554,151,214]" box="[151,495,151,177]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<heading id="4B4581E2FFDF390D92DA97C334DEDDF2" bold="true" box="[151,495,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDF390D92DA97C334DEDDF2" ID-CoL="3DJHY" authority="Williams" authorityName="Williams" box="[151,495,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Exaeretopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tritici">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDF390D92DA97C334DEDDF2" bold="true" box="[151,495,151,177]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDF390D92DA97C33446DDF2" bold="true" box="[151,375,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Exaeretopus tritici</emphasis>
Williams
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFDF390D92DA97EF371BDD96" box="[151,554,187,214]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFDF390D92DA97EF371BDD96" blockId="66.[151,554,151,214]" box="[151,554,187,214]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFDF390D92D297EF35C3DD96" box="[159,242,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="66.[151,250,2007,2031]" captionTargetId="figure-65@66.[295,1292,412,1984]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 26. Adult female of Exaeretopus tritici Williams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14447096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14447096/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFDF390D93F097EF3712DD96" box="[445,547,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="180.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[211,1377,190,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-22@180.[202,1386,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="180" captionText="FIGURE 90. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Drosicha turkestanica Archangelskaya; B, Ericerus farsicus Moghaddam &amp; Faghih; C, Eriopeltis festucae (Boyer de Fonscolombe); D, Eulecanium ficiphilum Borchsenius; E, Eulecanium rugulosum (Archangelskaya); F, Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus); G, Exaeretopus tritici Williams; H, Gossyparia spuria (Modeer); I, Gueriniella serratulae (Fabricius); J, Hadzibejliaspis stipae (Hadzibejli); K, Icerya aegyptiaca (Douglas); L, Icerya purchasi Maskell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385713/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 90G</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFDF390D92DA9654371EDC5B" box="[151,559,256,280]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFDF390D92DA9654371EDC5B" blockId="66.[151,559,256,280]" box="[151,559,256,280]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FFDF390D92DA9654371EDC5B" box="[151,559,256,280]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFDF390D92DA9654371ADC5B" author="Williams, D. J." box="[151,555,256,280]" page="281" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" year="1977">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDF390D92DA9654371ADC5B" ID-CoL="3DJHY" authority="Williams, 1977: 281" authorityName="Williams" authorityPageNumber="281" authorityYear="1977" box="[151,555,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Exaeretopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tritici">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDF390D92DA96543462DC54" box="[151,339,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Exaeretopus tritici</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFDF390D93149654371ADC5B" author="Williams, D. J." box="[345,555,256,280]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="281 - 284" refId="ref110634" refString="Williams, D. J. (1977) A new species of Exaeretopus Newstead (Homoptera: Coccidae) attacking wheat in Iraq. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 67, 281 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300011093" type="journal article" year="1977">Williams, 1977: 281</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFDF390D92DA96113157DCC7" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFDF390D92DA96113157DCC7" blockId="66.[151,1437,325,388]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDF390D92DA961134A0DC1C" bold="true" box="[151,401,325,351]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Live adult female living on stems and adaxial leaf surfaces; body very elongate oval, yellowbrown to dark brown, almost hemispherical in transverse section. Ovisac not observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="44CD6606FFDF390D92DA908337C0DAAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14447096" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14447096" box="[151,753,2007,2031]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14447096/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" startId="66.[151,250,2007,2031]" targetBox="[307,1284,417,1984]" targetPageId="66" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFDF390D92DA908337C0DAAC" blockId="66.[151,753,2007,2031]" box="[151,753,2007,2031]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDF390D92DA90833411DAAC" bold="true" box="[151,288,2007,2031]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 26.</emphasis>
Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDF390D9386908C37C0DAAC" authority="Williams." authorityName="Williams." box="[459,753,2007,2031]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Exaeretopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tritici">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDF390D9386908C37B6DAAC" box="[459,647,2008,2031]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Exaeretopus tritici</emphasis>
Williams.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFDE390C928A97C2374ADE7A" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFDE390C928A97C2304ADD97" blockId="67.[151,1436,150,1077]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDE390C928A97C234EBDDF3" bold="true" box="[199,474,150,176]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female body very elongate oval. Derm often membranous but some specimens, even young adults, becoming lightly sclerotized. Stigmatic clefts absent. Anal cleft very short.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFDE390C928A978B3061DCEE" blockId="67.[151,1436,150,1077]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDE390C928A978B3410DDBB" box="[199,289,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Dorsum</emphasis>
. With numerous spinose setae, slender and pointed. Minute pores numerous and scattered (not illustrated). Preopercular pores present in a median group of about 4045, extending forward from anal plates to first abdominal segment. Tubular ducts of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFDE390C903B967237FADC02" box="[630,715,294,321]" count="2" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
: (i) ducts with a short inner filament and no terminal gland, and (ii) ducts with a long, narrow inner filament and a terminal gland; both
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFDE390C91E8961F36D1DC26" box="[933,992,331,357]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">types</typeStatus>
numerous almost throughout, except on head and intersegmental membranes. Anal plates together quadrate, with right-angled outer angles; each plate with a subdiscal seta and 3 apical setae, sometimes longer than subdiscal seta. Anal ring bearing 810 long setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFDE390C928A96E330A3DCB7" blockId="67.[151,1436,150,1077]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDE390C928A96E3342BDC93" box="[199,282,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Margin</emphasis>
. Marginal setae slender but stiff, those on head sometimes present in a double row. With a single stigmatic seta opposite each anterior spiracle, slightly shorter than a marginal seta and curved, pointing anteriorly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFDE390C928A96AB374ADE7A" blockId="67.[151,1436,150,1077]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDE390C928A96AB343EDF5B" box="[199,271,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Venter</emphasis>
. Derm completely membranous. Setae numerous and scattered, usually much shorter than marginal setae, except for 3 pregenital segments anterior to anogenital fold each with a pair of long setae. Pregenital disc-pores each with 68 loculi, present around anogenital fold and anteriorly on preceding 3 abdominal segments. Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, slightly smaller than a multilocular disc-pore, present in a band between each spiracle and margin. Tubular ducts of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFDE390C93E295DA3730DFEA" box="[431,513,654,681]" count="2" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
, same as those on dorsum, present on all segments. Legs well developed, each with a distinct tibio-tarsal articulation and articulatory sclerosis; tarsus strongly curved and with a marked constriction, looking like a pseudoarticulation; claw digitules slender, slightly expanded at tip; tarsal digitules sharply pointed (in Iranian specimens). Antennae each with 7 segments (in Iranian specimens); apical segment with apical tuft of about 1012 pointed setae and some fleshy setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFDE390C928A94163160DEC3" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFDE390C928A94163160DEC3" blockId="67.[151,1436,150,1077]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDE390C928A94163452DE1F" bold="true" box="[199,355,834,860]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDE390C93219417370CDE1F" box="[364,573,835,860]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Exaeretopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tritici">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDE390C93219417370CDE1F" box="[364,573,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Exaeretopus tritici</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFDE390C917D941636B8DE1F" box="[816,905,834,860]" name="Turkey" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFDE390C91D4941636DEDE1F" box="[921,1007,834,860]" name="Turkey" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Turkey</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFDE390C964994173100DE1E" box="[1028,1073,835,861]" name="Iraq" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Iraq</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFDE390C9626941731A9DE1E" box="[1131,1176,835,861]" name="Iran" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFDE390C96E4941635E2DEC3" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDE390C972F941730A4DE1F" box="[1378,1429,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
), where it is found in
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFDE390C938A943337A3DEC3" box="[455,658,870,897]" country="Iran" name="Lorestan" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Lorestan province</collectingRegion>
(Moghaddam &amp; Azad-Bakht, A. 2006).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFDE390C928A94DE35D1DEAF" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFDE390C928A94DE35D1DEAF" blockId="67.[151,1436,150,1077]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDE390C928A94DE346ADEE7" bold="true" box="[199,347,906,932]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The species has been recorded on grasses (
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDE390C917794DE36A8DEE7" baseAuthorityName="Bodenheimer" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[826,921,906,932]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
) in the genera
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDE390C967194DF31A3DEE7" box="[1084,1170,907,932]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDE390C967194DF31A3DEE7" box="[1084,1170,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Bromus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDE390C96ED94DE3038DEE7" box="[1184,1289,906,932]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Hordeum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDE390C96ED94DE3038DEE7" box="[1184,1289,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Hordeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDE390C977094DF34EEDE8B" authority="(Garcia Morales et al. 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Garcia Morales" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Triticum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDE390C977094DF30ADDEE7" box="[1341,1436,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Triticum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFDE390C92D294FA34E9DE8B" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[159,472,942,969]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDE390C931594FB34BADE8B" box="[344,395,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFDE390C904194FB370DDE8A" box="[524,572,943,969]" name="Iran" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it has been recorded on
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDE390C911694FB35EDDEAF" authority="(Moghaddam &amp; Azad-Bakht, A. 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Moghaddam &amp; Azad-Bakht, A." baseAuthorityYear="2006" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Triticum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aestivum">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDE390C911694FB3116DE8B" box="[859,1063,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Triticum aestivum</emphasis>
(Moghaddam &amp; Azad-Bakht, A. 2006)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFDE390C928A94A237A8D976" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFDE390C928A94A23696D952" blockId="67.[151,1436,150,1077]" box="[199,935,1014,1041]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDE390C928A94A234E6D953" bold="true" box="[199,471,1014,1040]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Economic importance:</emphasis>
Not of any economic importance in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFDE390C913F94A33692D952" box="[882,931,1015,1041]" name="Iran" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFDE390C928A934E37A8D976" blockId="67.[151,1436,150,1077]" box="[199,665,1050,1077]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDE390C928A934E34A5D977" bold="true" box="[199,404,1050,1076]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFDE390C9029934F37A4D976" box="[612,661,1051,1077]" name="Iran" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>