297 lines
36 KiB
XML
297 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="ED4D546C5692C45A9F61BA1048937F4D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh & Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FFDD390E92DA97C334A7D83A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Eulecanium tiliae" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="66" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1734100605626" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5F9D6A954490435DAAFE04CC286D5810">
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<mods:title id="5C70BA65ED337AFE3B3AE2BF960260DF">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0EAF7BACE23147CDA80FC744D81905B8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="589EBDAB773E5D8E0CCFD204EEE06C56">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B3571A5C8CD33680D92CE4D527CC5811">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6A29E3DDD0BD45AC200009056DBFBC40">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="1AEB8308A4A9B3F135979295A1A7F7E4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F7B9C2B8378AC9A8F67ACF0E08CC177E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F9302B16A7D2ABEEE4FA13845DA7B8F0">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AB14C1CCA9A8622CAE6FAAA6DF939352" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="288F9E94D4A8BFF579F817B61E6647CF">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="19F42ABD6B509AE843528597545690F9" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AC7E94B509AE57C7B913F2BF73425A88">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="10D694B860E011AE11E88D8B5126A54F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6B832B2D3838746C1DD562369F10F311">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3198EC0591F40C7BFB8681A2D9C7A1F9">2024-11-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="82752D44C7137E38BA7E718C64107106">5542</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="F823816B5C41643A02427B9E4BE27FB5">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:url>
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<treatment id="981B8798FFDD390E92DA97C334A7D83A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14444954" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14444954" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FFDD390E92DA97C334A7D83A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FFDD390E92DA97C334A7D83A" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFDD390F92DA97C334CFDDF2" box="[151,510,151,178]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFDD390F92DA97C334CFDDF2" blockId="64.[151,661,151,214]" box="[151,510,151,178]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<heading id="4B4581E2FFDD390F92DA97C334CFDDF2" bold="true" box="[151,510,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDD390F92DA97C334CFDDF2" ID-CoL="6GW2L" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,510,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiliae">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDD390F92DA97C334CFDDF2" bold="true" box="[151,510,151,178]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDD390F92DA97C3345EDDF1" bold="true" box="[151,367,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Eulecanium tiliae</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFDD390F92DA97EF37A4DD96" box="[151,661,187,214]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="description">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFDD390F92DA97EF37A4DD96" blockId="64.[151,661,151,214]" box="[151,661,187,214]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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(
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFDD390F92D297EF35C3DD95" box="[159,242,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1982,2006]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,514,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-88@64.[151,1436,514,1958]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 25. Adult female of Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus), reproduced from Gill (1988) page 49, fig. 17, with permission from the author and California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California, USA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385484/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFDD390F92B397EF3450DD96" box="[254,353,187,213]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,234,1620,1644]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[189,1398,181,1597]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="PLATE 2. Coccidae continued: A, Ceroplastes rubens Maskell; B, Coccus hesperidum (Linnaeus); C-1 and C-2, Ceroplastes rusci (Linnaeus); D, Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskaya); E, Ericerus farsicus Moghaddam & Faghih; F, Eriopeltis festucae (Boyer de Fonscolombe); G, Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385392/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Plate 2G</figureCitation>
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, distribution map
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFDD390F906197EF37BCDD96" box="[556,653,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="180.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[211,1377,190,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-22@180.[202,1386,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="180" captionText="FIGURE 90. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Drosicha turkestanica Archangelskaya; B, Ericerus farsicus Moghaddam & Faghih; C, Eriopeltis festucae (Boyer de Fonscolombe); D, Eulecanium ficiphilum Borchsenius; E, Eulecanium rugulosum (Archangelskaya); F, Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus); G, Exaeretopus tritici Williams; H, Gossyparia spuria (Modeer); I, Gueriniella serratulae (Fabricius); J, Hadzibejliaspis stipae (Hadzibejli); K, Icerya aegyptiaca (Douglas); L, Icerya purchasi Maskell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385713/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 90F</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFDD390F92DA96543796DC75" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFDD390F92DA96543796DC75" blockId="64.[151,1437,255,310]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FFDD390F92DA96543796DC75" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFDD390F92DA965434CCDC54" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3921443" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3921443" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:163E807C-86F4-43BF-9F09-4FC9EFE29A79" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[151,509,255,280]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FFCE8166FF81201789C2829301264790" page="456" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1758">
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDD390F92DA965434CCDC54" ID-CoL="WMR3" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 456" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="456" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,509,255,280]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiliae">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDD390F92DA9654342FDC5B" box="[151,286,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Coccus tiliae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFDD390F936A965434CCDC54" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[295,509,255,280]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refId="ref104704" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, (4) + 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758: 456</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDD390F90449654378FDC5B" ID-CoL="6GW2L" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[521,702,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiliae">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDD390F90449654378FDC5B" box="[521,702,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Eulecanium tiliae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(L.);
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFDD390F9148965436F7DC5B" author="Fernald, M. E." box="[773,966,256,280]" page="197" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1903">
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFDD390F9148965436F7DC5B" author="Fernald, M. E." box="[773,966,256,280]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref101196" refString="Fernald, M. E. (1903) A catalogue of the Coccidae of the world. Bulletin of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, 88, 1 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8533" type="journal article" year="1903">Fernald 1903: 197</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFDD390F919F965430A8DC54" author="Hadzibejli, Z. K." box="[978,1433,255,280]" page="316" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1960">
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDD390F919F965430A8DC54" ID-CoL="6GVR7" authority="Hadzibejli, 1960: 316" authorityName="Hadzibejli" authorityPageNumber="316" authorityYear="1960" box="[978,1433,255,280]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ibericum">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDD390F919F9654319CDC5B" box="[978,1197,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Eulecanium ibericum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFDD390F96FB965430A8DC54" author="Hadzibejli, Z. K." box="[1206,1433,255,280]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="299 - 321" refId="ref102257" refString="Hadzibejli, Z. K. (1960) [New species of coccids (Homoptera, Coccoidea) from Georgia]. Trudy Akademii Nauk Gruzinskoy, Instituta Zashchitii Rastenii, 13, 299 - 321. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1960">Hadzibejli, 1960: 316</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFDD390F928A964A3792DC75" author="Hadzibejli, Z. K." box="[199,675,286,310]" page="719" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1967">
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDD390F928A964A3792DC75" ID-CoL="6GVQV" authority="Hadzibejli, 1967: 719" authorityName="Hadzibejli" authorityPageNumber="719" authorityYear="1967" box="[199,675,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gyrcanicum">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDD390F928A964A348FDC75" box="[199,446,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Eulecanium gyrcanicum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFDD390F9389964A3792DC75" author="Hadzibejli, Z. K." box="[452,675,286,310]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="715 - 720" refId="ref102299" refString="Hadzibejli, Z. K. (1967) [Two new coccid species (Insecta, Homoptera, Coccoidea) of the fauna of Eastern Transcaucasia]. Soobshcheniya Akademii Nauk Gruzinskoy, Tbilisi, 46 (3), 715 - 720. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1967">Hadzibejli, 1967: 719</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFDD390F92DA96303458DCE1" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFDD390F92DA96303458DCE1" blockId="64.[151,1436,356,490]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDD390F92DA963034A2DC3D" bold="true" box="[151,403,356,382]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
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Adult female body short, broadly oval, strongly convex; dead female dark brown. Does not produce an ovisac.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFDD390E928A96F834F3DEE6" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFDD390F928A96F83454DCA9" blockId="64.[151,1436,356,490]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDD390F928A96F834EADC85" bold="true" box="[199,475,428,454]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Slide-mounted adult female body broadly oval; without stigmatic clefts; anal cleft relatively shallow.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="44CD6606FFDD390F92DA90EA310ADAB8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385484" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385484/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" startId="64.[151,250,1982,2006]" targetBox="[155,1432,514,1956]" targetPageId="64" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFDD390F92DA90EA310ADAB8" blockId="64.[151,1436,1982,2043]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDD390F92DA90EA342EDA95" bold="true" box="[151,287,1982,2006]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 25.</emphasis>
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Adult female of
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDD390F938A90EB37DEDA94" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[455,751,1983,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiliae">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDD390F938A90EB3748DA94" box="[455,633,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Eulecanium tiliae</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus)
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</taxonomicName>
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, reproduced from
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFDD390F91EA90EB3126DA94" author="Gill, R. J." box="[935,1047,1983,2007]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refId="ref101648" refString="Gill, R. J. (1988) The Scale Insects of California: Part 1. The Soft Scales (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, 132 pp." type="book" year="1988">Gill (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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page 49, fig. 17, with permission from the author and California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California, USA.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFDC390E928A97C331E3DC26" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E928A97C33410DDF3" box="[199,289,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Dorsum</emphasis>
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. Derm entirely membranous in young female, but becoming highly sclerotized at maturity. Setae finely spinose, scattered throughout. Pores of
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<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFDC390E901897EF37ACDD96" box="[597,669,187,213]" count="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="generic" typeStatus="type">1 type</specimenCount>
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, circular, with a granulate surface, present throughout. Preopercular pores and duct tubercles absent. Tubular ducts present throughout, each with a short, broad outer ductule, a thin inner ductule and a small terminal gland. Anal plates together quadrate, each plate with posterolateral margin distinctly convex on some specimens; each plate with 3 or 4 apical or subapical setae and 1 or 2 setae along inner margin (not illustrated). Anal opening surrounded by a strongly sclerotized area. Anal ring bearing 6–8 setae.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFDC390E928A963B3684DCB6" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E928A963B342BDCCB" box="[199,282,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Margin</emphasis>
|
||
. Marginal setae of
|
||
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFDC390E93BE963B3779DCCA" box="[499,584,367,393]" count="2" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
|
||
: (i) stout, straight, bluntly spinose setae on lateral margins, numbering 5–11 on each side between anterior and posterior stigmatic areas; and (ii) long flagellate setae fewer, present at anterior and posterior ends of body and occasionally elsewhere, not extending onto anal cleft margins. Spiracular setae numbering 2 or
|
||
<quantity id="D74A9B6BFFDC390E9306968F3447DCB6" box="[331,374,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
each stigmatic area, all subequal in size and shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFDC390E928A96AB34F3DEE6" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E928A96AB343EDF5B" box="[199,271,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Venter</emphasis>
|
||
. Derm completely membranous. Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 10 loculi; abundant around anogenital fold and extending posteriorly to margin of anal cleft; and across all preceding abdominal segments and meso- and metathorax; a large group also present mesad to each procoxa and usually with 1–3 mesad to each antenna. Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in a narrow band between margin and spiracle. Ventral microducts restricted to a narrow band mesad of submarginal band of tubular ducts. Ventral tubular ducts of
|
||
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFDC390E970895DB30A9DFEA" box="[1349,1432,655,681]" count="2" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
|
||
: (i) a duct with a long outer ductule, present in a broad marginal band round entire margin; (ii) a smaller duct, present medially on all abdominal and thoracic segments. Three pregenital segments each with a pair of long setae; smaller setae present on other abdominal segments; and with a pair of small and a pair of larger setae between antennae. Legs rather variable, sometimes poorly developed, with tibia and tarsus fused, sometimes more developed with tibia and tarsus separate but without a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFDC390E965D94173155DE1E" box="[1040,1124,834,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1982,2006]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,514,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-88@64.[151,1436,514,1958]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 25. Adult female of Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus), reproduced from Gill (1988) page 49, fig. 17, with permission from the author and California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California, USA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385484/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
); each claw usually bent at approximately right-angles to tarsus; tarsal and claw digitules well developed with small swollen apices. Antennae each with 5 or 6 segments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFDC390E928A94FA363ED952" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFDC390E928A94FA363ED952" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E928A94FA3452DE8B" bold="true" box="[199,355,942,968]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDC390E932694FB3702DE8A" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[363,563,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E932694FB3702DE8A" box="[363,563,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Eulecanium tiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from 45 countries in the Nearctic, Oriental and Palaearctic regions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFDC390E92D2948734E1DEAE" author="Garcia Morales M. & Denno B. D. & Miller D. R. & Miller G. L. & Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B." box="[159,464,979,1005]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
|
||
García Morales
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E9318948734B7DEAE" box="[341,390,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFDC390E904D94873701DEAE" box="[512,560,979,1005]" name="Iran" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it is found in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFDC390E909D9487361CDEAE" box="[720,813,979,1005]" country="Iran" name="Esfahan" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Esfahan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFDC390E91759487365ADEAE" box="[824,875,979,1005]" country="Iran" name="Fars" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fars</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFDC390E913B948736E2DEAE" box="[886,979,979,1005]" country="Iran" name="Kerman" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Kerman</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFDC390E91939487315FDEAE" box="[990,1134,979,1005]" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Kermanshah</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFDC390E9637948731D4DEAE" box="[1146,1253,979,1005]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Khorasan</collectingRegion>
|
||
–e Jounobi, and Sistan & Balouchestan provinces (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFDC390E905594A33632D952" author="Bodenheimer, F. S." box="[536,771,1015,1041]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref98321" refString="Bodenheimer, F. S. (1944 b) Note on the Coccoidea of Iran, with description of new species. Bulletin de la Societe Fouad 1 er d'Entomologie, 28, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1944">Bodenheimer 1944b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFDC390E928A934F368ED93E" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFDC390E928A934F368ED93E" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E928A934F346AD976" bold="true" box="[199,347,1051,1077]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Host-plants:</emphasis>
|
||
The species has been recorded on host-plants in 35 genera belonging to 17 families, but likes Rosaceous hosts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFDC390E932C936B37ABD91A" author="Garcia Morales M. & Denno B. D. & Miller D. R. & Miller G. L. & Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B." box="[353,666,1087,1113]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
|
||
García Morales
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E9056936B377FD91A" box="[539,590,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFDC390E9083936B37CFD91A" box="[718,766,1087,1113]" name="Iran" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it has been recorded on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDC390E9653936B31E4D91A" box="[1054,1237,1087,1113]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Pistacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="khinjuk">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E9653936B31E4D91A" box="[1054,1237,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Pistacia khinjuk</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDC390E96A8936B30A1D91A" box="[1253,1424,1087,1113]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDC390E92DA93373468D93E" box="[151,345,1123,1149]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Cydonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblonga">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E92DA93373468D93E" box="[151,345,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Cydonia oblonga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDC390E93C29337377FD93E" box="[399,590,1123,1149]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Malus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domestica">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E93C29337377FD93E" box="[399,590,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Malus domestica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDC390E9011933737F8D93E" box="[604,713,1123,1149]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFDC390E90AD93373682D93E" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[736,947,1123,1149]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFDC390E928A93D234A7D83A" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFDC390E928A93D237A3D986" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E928A93D234E6D9E3" bold="true" box="[199,471,1158,1184]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Economic importance:</emphasis>
|
||
The species is widely distributed in most parts of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFDC390E964493D33108D9E2" box="[1033,1081,1159,1185]" name="Iran" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including western areas, and is a potential threat to many kinds of fruit trees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFDC390E928A939B34A7D83A" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E928A939B34A2D9AB" bold="true" box="[199,403,1230,1257]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
|
||
Numerous natural enemies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDC390E90A8939B360CD9AA" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[741,829,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E90A8939B360CD9AA" box="[741,829,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">E. tiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFDC390E9611939B31BDD9AA" box="[1116,1164,1231,1257]" name="Iran" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including the parasitoid wasps (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDC390E92A693A734BAD84E" box="[235,395,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDC390E93D393A7363BD84E" authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[414,778,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Coccophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycimnia">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E93D393A737AED84E" box="[414,671,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Coccophagus lycimnia</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDC390E910F93A736C7D84E" authority="Erdos" authorityName="Erdos" box="[834,1014,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Coccophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceae">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E910F93A7369CD84F" box="[834,941,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">C. piceae</emphasis>
|
||
Erdos
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDC390E964B93A731A7D84E" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" box="[1030,1174,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphelinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDC390E96E493A735D8D872" authority="Girault" authorityName="Girault" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Blastothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brittanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E96E493A730ADD84E" box="[1193,1436,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Blastothrix brittanica</emphasis>
|
||
Girault
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDC390E92BE924334F4D872" authority="Mercet" authorityName="Mercet" baseAuthorityName="Targioni Tozzetti" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[243,453,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Asterodiaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilicicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E92BE9243345CD872" box="[243,365,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">B. ilicicola</emphasis>
|
||
Mercet
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDC390E938292433783D872" authority="(Dalman)" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[463,690,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Blastothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericea">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E93829243370FD873" box="[463,574,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">B. sericea</emphasis>
|
||
(Dalman)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDC390E90F192433114D872" authority="(Dalman)" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[700,1061,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E90F192433685D873" box="[700,948,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Metaphycus punctipes</emphasis>
|
||
(Dalman)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDC390E9614924330ACD872" authority="(Dalman)" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[1113,1437,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Microterys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E96149243301AD872" box="[1113,1323,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Microterys lunatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Dalman)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDC390E92D2926F342ED816" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[159,287,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDC390E9329926F37D0D816" authority="(Forster)" baseAuthorityName="Forster" box="[356,737,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pachyneuron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muscarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E9329926F3747D817" box="[356,630,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Pachyneuron muscarum</emphasis>
|
||
(Förster)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDC390E90BD926F36B9D816" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" box="[752,904,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFDC390E91D2926F31B9D816" author="Davoodi, A. & Talebi, A. A. & Rajabi, G. R. & Fathipour, Y. & Moharramipour, S." box="[927,1160,1339,1365]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref100432" refString="Davoodi, A., Talebi, A. A., Rajabi, G. R., Fathipour, Y. & Moharramipour, S. (2004) [Report of Metaphycus claviger (Hym.: Encyrtidae) from Iran]. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 23 (2), Pe 129 - Pe 130. [in Persian]" type="journal volume" year="2004">
|
||
Davoodi
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDC390E9647926F310DD816" box="[1034,1084,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFDC390E96D9926F35E3D83A" author="Lotfalizadeh, H. & Gharali, B." pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="93 - 120" refId="ref104799" refString="Lotfalizadeh, H. & Gharali, B. (2008) Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Iran: new records and a preliminary checklist. Entomofauna, 29 (6), 93 - 120." type="journal article" year="2008">Lotfalizadeh & Gharali 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFDC390E9293920B34BBD83A" author="Ebrahimi, E." box="[222,394,1375,1401]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="73 - 83" refId="ref100912" refString="Ebrahimi, E. (2014) Parasitoid and hyperparasitoid wasps of scale insects in Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum, Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 34 (1), 73 - 83." type="journal article" year="2014">Ebrahimi 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |