280 lines
34 KiB
XML
280 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="5174928F93034A1DBDC287C5A36DF40D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh & Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FFC8391892DA953E363CDDBA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Pulvinaria vitis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="88" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="86" updateTime="1734100605626" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="9A5E115CCB1D5A6A3687546959301D5D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="10750A99EC48B6B7D80CE776733DD66D">
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<mods:title id="ECFF7CB8A5B2DFF6ACEF98F2CE428245">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="AFA0EE30E4E1C5057D7D4473BF4CA85D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E0E21E25C66101F1FF08AA425C4EF32E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="518A01B9D6D13FF0DBECC537C4A72C9F">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9551CC9B049F4784E77653005C5568AB">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="4F30958B1ABF4161B2B53754C4D41985" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1AE11313D12E3FBF86D8CA7175A2AEA3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="633D9BCB85B70724F8A3E9F668461B2E">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="97D64C44E847B7C361BE3575996E973B" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="3F89C58628A8A0BE81CB966914135C04">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EFF7151996072F4E82431999562CF5BA" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="8A9BE283D9274FDC03DED8537BEF0AB4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="61314B9C5667CF6249E13105B0C52A17">
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<mods:date id="E0306D32002BF6A18476862A0BE8B736">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8724273724EFF4D17B4DDE4EBF6B2645">2024-11-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2AC2E724908851678FE0BCBC8F8F673F">5542</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="D11DE0F319BF5E6E3B24E653F3734661">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:url>
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<treatment id="981B8798FFC8391892DA953E363CDDBA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14445162" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14445162" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FFC8391892DA953E363CDDBA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FFC8391892DA953E363CDDBA" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFC8391A92DA953E34EEDFC7" box="[151,479,618,645]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFC8391A92DA953E34EEDFC7" blockId="85.[151,552,618,681]" box="[151,479,618,645]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<heading id="4B4581E2FFC8391A92DA953E34EEDFC7" bold="true" box="[151,479,618,645]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFC8391A92DA953E34EEDFC7" ID-CoL="4QHG5" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,479,618,645]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitis">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A92DA953E34EEDFC7" bold="true" box="[151,479,618,645]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A92DA953E3461DFC6" bold="true" box="[151,336,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pulvinaria vitis</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFC8391A92DA95DB3719DFEA" box="[151,552,655,681]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="description">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFC8391A92DA95DB3719DFEA" blockId="85.[151,552,618,681]" box="[151,552,655,681]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFC8391A92D295DB35C3DFEA" box="[159,242,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[173,1419,182,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-22@86.[164,1424,181,1632]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 36. Adult female of Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus); tubular ducts of types (i), (ii) and (iii) shown; for details of their respective distributions, see also the diagnosis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385524/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
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, distribution map
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFC8391A93F095DB3710DFEA" box="[445,545,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="183.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[217,1381,216,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-17@183.[206,1381,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="183" captionText="FIGURE 93. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Pulvinaria urbicola Cockerell; B, Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus); C, Rhizococcus asperulae Moghaddam; D, Rhizococcus avicennae Moghaddam; E, Rhizococcus borchsenii Danzig; F, Rhizococcus istresianus (Goux); G, Rhizococcus reynei (Schmutterer); H, Rhizococcus saxidesertus (Borchsenius); I, Rhizopulvinaria artemisiae (Signoret); J, Rhizopulvinaria turkestanica (Archangelskaya); K, Saissetia coffeae (Walker); L, Saissetia miranda (Cockerell & Parrott); M, Saissetia oleae (Olivier); N, Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe); O, Stotzia ephedrae (Newstead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385725/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 93B</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFC8391A92DA958036D8DEFC" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFC8391A92DA9580379FDE49" blockId="85.[151,1437,723,778]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FFC8391A92DA9580379FDE49" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFC8391A92DA958034C7DFA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3917537" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3917537" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:17D1D972-971B-4977-9DE2-CE44C41B8AE9" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[151,502,723,747]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/87C9576144B168689296EA40903F58D2" page="456" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" year="1758">
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFC8391A92DA958034C7DFA8" ID-CoL="WMRQ" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 456" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="456" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,502,723,747]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitis">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A92DA95803424DFA8" box="[151,277,724,747]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Coccus vitis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFC8391A9353958734C7DFA8" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[286,502,723,747]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref104704" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, (4) + 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758: 456</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFC8391A904E958736AADFA8" author="Signoret, V." box="[515,923,723,747]" page="31" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" year="1873">
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFC8391A904E958736AADFA8" ID-CoL="4QH7K" authority="Signoret, 1873 a: 31" authorityName="Signoret" authorityPageNumber="31" authorityYear="1873" box="[515,923,723,747]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betulae">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A904E958737F2DFA8" box="[515,707,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pulvinaria betulae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFC8391A9081958736AADFA8" author="Signoret, V." box="[716,923,723,747]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="395 - 448" refId="ref108651" refString="Signoret, V. (1873 a) Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homopteres - Coccides), 11 e partie. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, Serie 5, 3, 395 - 448." type="journal article" year="1873">Signoret, 1873a: 31</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFC8391A91E5958731F0DFA8" ID-CoL="4QHG5" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[936,1217,723,747]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitis">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A91E595873176DFA8" box="[936,1095,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pulvinaria vitis</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFC8391A9683958730A8DFA8" author="Signoret, V." box="[1230,1433,723,747]" page="45" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" year="1873">
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFC8391A9683958730A8DFA8" author="Signoret, V." box="[1230,1433,723,747]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="27 - 48" refId="ref108692" refString="Signoret, V. (1873 b) Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homopteres - Coccides), 10 e partie. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, Serie 5, 3, 27 - 48." type="journal article" year="1873">Signoret 1873b: 45</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFC8391A928A95A634EADE49" ID-CoL="4QHG5" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[199,475,754,778]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitis">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A928A95A63455DE4A" box="[199,356,754,778]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pulvinaria vitis</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFC8391A93AB95A6379BDE49" author="Malumphy, C. P." box="[486,682,754,778]" page="5" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" year="1991">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFC8391A93AB95A6379BDE49" author="Malumphy, C. P." box="[486,682,754,778]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref105071" refString="Malumphy, C. P. (1991) A morphological and experimental investigation of the Pulvinaria vitis complex in Europe. Ph. D. thesis, University of London, London, 270 pp." type="book" year="1991">Malumphy 1991: 5</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFC8391A92DA946C36D8DEFC" blockId="85.[151,1437,824,2002]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A92DA946C34A0DE11" bold="true" box="[151,401,824,850]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
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Appearance of live adult female varies with age, host-plant and position on host. Young adult female yellow / reddish brown / dark brown with a variable brown mottle, occasionally with yellow longitudinal median stripe or with black stripes radiating from mid-dorsum to margin; body becoming uniform dark brown, wrinkled and sclerotized with age. Ovisac white, large and strongly convex.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFC8391A928A949C3479DA91" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFC8391A928A949C37F8D945" blockId="85.[151,1437,824,2002]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A928A949C34EBDEA1" bold="true" box="[199,474,968,994]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Slide-mounted adult female body broadly oval, widest at abdomen. Stigmatic clefts shallow but distinct. Anal cleft of moderate depth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFC8391A928A9345341AD99C" blockId="85.[151,1437,824,2002]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A928A93453410D969" box="[199,289,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Dorsum</emphasis>
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. Derm membranous in young female, becoming heavily sclerotized with maturity, with sparse areolations. Setae each spinose, sharply pointed, sometimes slightly curved, present throughout. Pores present throughout. Preopercular pores each oval with granular surface, present in an elongate group between anal plates anteriorly to about third abdominal segment. Duct tubercles present on submargin. Tubular ducts small and sparsely distributed. Anal plates together quadrate; each plate with 3 small apical setae. Anal ring bearing 6 large and 2 shorter setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFC8391A928A93BD34CFD82D" blockId="85.[151,1437,824,2002]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A928A93BD342BD841" box="[199,282,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Margin</emphasis>
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. Marginal setae spinose, fine, often curved, pointed; distributed more-or-less in 2 rows, with 8‒19 setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts on each side; those on either side of anal cleft rather longer than elsewhere. Stigmatic clefts distinct but shallow, each containing 3 stigmatic setae, with median seta longest, often slightly curved, bluntly pointed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFC8391A928A922D3479DA91" blockId="85.[151,1437,824,2002]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A928A922D343ED8D1" box="[199,271,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Venter</emphasis>
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. Derm membranous. Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 10 loculi, numerous around anogenital fold, less frequent across all preceding abdominal segments and metathorax; also present laterad to each meso- and metacoxae. Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in a broad band between each spiracle and margin and extending a short distance medially. Microducts each with a circular orifice, abundant in a submarginal band (not shown in
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFC8391A9370915C34BEDB61" box="[317,399,1544,1570]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[173,1419,182,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-22@86.[164,1424,181,1632]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 36. Adult female of Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus); tubular ducts of types (i), (ii) and (iii) shown; for details of their respective distributions, see also the diagnosis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385524/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
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) and scattered throughout. Tubular ducts of
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<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFC8391A91C6915C36ECDB60" box="[907,989,1544,1571]" count="3" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="generic" typeStatus="types">3 types</specimenCount>
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(
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFC8391A91A3915C3172DB61" box="[1006,1091,1544,1570]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[173,1419,182,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-22@86.[164,1424,181,1632]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 36. Adult female of Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus); tubular ducts of types (i), (ii) and (iii) shown; for details of their respective distributions, see also the diagnosis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385524/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||
), abundant throughout, except medially on head and anterior to antennae; (i) a duct consisting of a fairly short outer ductule, a shallow cup-shaped invagination, a filamentous inner ductule and a minute terminal gland; present in a broad submarginal band extending from anal cleft to near antennae; (ii) a duct rather similar to (i) but with inner ductule fairly broad and often much longer than outer ductule, with a large terminal gland; present medially in more posterior abdominal segments and laterally interspersed with
|
||
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFC8391A902691E937AADB94" box="[619,667,1725,1751]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(i) ducts; and (iii) a slightly larger duct, with a deeper cup-shaped invagination and an inner ductule even broader than in (ii); only duct present medially on head, thorax and more anterior abdominal segments; extending laterally to band of
|
||
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFC8391A910990513645DA5C" box="[836,884,1797,1823]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(i) and (ii) ducts, where they become infrequent or absent. Three pregenital segments each with a pair of long setae; also with 3 or 4 pairs of long and 1 or 2 pairs of short setae between antennal bases; smaller setae frequent in submarginal row; other setae as normal. Legs well developed, each with free tibio-tarsal articulation and an articulatory sclerosis; claw with a small denticle; claw digitules both broad and marginally shorter than tarsal digitules. Antennae each with 8 segments, third segment usually longest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="44CD6606FFCB391992DA91233743DBF7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385524" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385524/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" startId="86.[151,250,1655,1679]" targetBox="[173,1419,182,1632]" targetPageId="86" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCB391992DA91233743DBF7" blockId="86.[151,1436,1655,1716]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCB391992DA91233413DBCC" bold="true" box="[151,290,1655,1679]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">FIGURE 36.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCB3919939A912C37DEDBD3" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[471,751,1656,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitis">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCB3919939A912C3747DBCC" box="[471,630,1656,1680]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pulvinaria vitis</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; tubular ducts of types (i), (ii) and (iii) shown; for details of their respective distributions, see also the diagnosis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFCB3918928A9052363CDDBA" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCB3919928A90523622DA2B" blockId="86.[151,1436,1798,2040]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCB3919928A90523452DA63" bold="true" box="[199,355,1798,1824]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCB3919932790523729DA63" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[362,536,1798,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitis">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCB3919932790523729DA63" box="[362,536,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pulvinaria vitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a cosmopolitan species found in 53 countries in four zoogeographical regions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCB391992D2907E34EEDA07" author="Garcia Morales M. & Denno B. D. & Miller D. R. & Miller G. L. & Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B." box="[159,479,1834,1860]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
|
||
García Morales
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCB39199311907F34A0DA07" box="[348,401,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFCB3919905B907E3777DA07" box="[534,582,1834,1860]" name="Iran" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it is found in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFCB391990B5907E3664DA07" box="[760,853,1834,1860]" country="Iran" name="Esfahan" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Esfahan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFCB39199129907E36A6DA07" box="[868,919,1834,1860]" country="Iran" name="Fars" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fars</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFCB391991EB907E3120DA07" box="[934,1041,1834,1860]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Khorasan</collectingRegion>
|
||
-e Razavi,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFCB391996D6907E3019DA07" box="[1179,1320,1834,1860]" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Mazandaran</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Sistan & Balouchestan and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFCB39199329901A3480DA2B" box="[356,433,1870,1896]" country="Iran" name="Tehran" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Tehran</collectingRegion>
|
||
provinces (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCB39199079901A3636DA2B" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[564,775,1870,1896]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCB3919928A9026367BDABB" blockId="86.[151,1436,1798,2040]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCB3919928A9026346ADACF" bold="true" box="[199,347,1906,1932]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Host-plants:</emphasis>
|
||
The species is fairly polyphagous, having been recorded on host-plants in belonging to 15 families (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCB391992D290C234E1DAF3" author="Garcia Morales M. & Denno B. D. & Miller D. R. & Miller G. L. & Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B." box="[159,464,1942,1968]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
|
||
García Morales
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCB3919931990C334B4DAF3" box="[340,389,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFCB3919904D90C23701DAF3" box="[512,560,1942,1968]" name="Iran" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it has been recorded on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCB3919910E90C23698DAF3" box="[835,937,1942,1968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCB3919910E90C236B2DAF3" box="[835,899,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Alnus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCB391991F590C2310BDAF3" authorityName="S.F.Gray" authorityYear="1822" box="[952,1082,1942,1968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Betulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCB3919960190C231FADAF3" box="[1100,1227,1942,1968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Robinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCB3919960190C23194DAF3" box="[1100,1189,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Robinia</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCB3919969490C23079DAF3" box="[1241,1352,1942,1968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCB3919971690C23586DA97" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Melia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCB3919971690C230ADDAF3" box="[1371,1436,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Melia</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCB3919928890EE340EDA97" box="[197,319,1978,2004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Meliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCB3919931C90EF34EFDA97" baseAuthorityName="Bodenheimer" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[337,478,1979,2004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carica">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCB3919931C90EF34EFDA97" box="[337,478,1979,2004]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ficus carica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCB391993A190EE3750DA97" box="[492,609,1978,2004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCB3919903E90EF361CDA97" box="[627,813,1979,2004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Pyrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCB3919903E90EF361CDA97" box="[627,813,1979,2004]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pyrus communis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCB3919917690EE369ADA97" box="[827,939,1978,2004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCB391991F090EE312DDA97" box="[957,1052,1978,2004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCB391991F090EE36C4DA97" box="[957,1013,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Salix</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCB3919966790EE3196DA97" box="[1066,1191,1978,2004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Salicaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCB391996F490EE30ADDA97" box="[1209,1436,1978,2004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Zelkova" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carpinifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCB391996F490EE30ADDA97" box="[1209,1436,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Zelkova carpinifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCB391992D2908A3427DABB" box="[159,278,2014,2040]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ulmaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCB39199315908B34D3DABB" box="[344,482,2015,2040]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCB39199315908B34B8DABB" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[344,393,2015,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitis">Vitis</taxonomicName>
|
||
persica
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCB391993BC908A3764DABB" box="[497,597,2014,2040]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Vitales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Vitaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCB39199026908A360FDABB" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[619,830,2014,2040]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCA3918928A97C23696DDF2" blockId="87.[151,1436,150,249]" box="[199,935,150,177]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCA3918928A97C234E6DDF3" bold="true" box="[199,471,150,176]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Economic importance:</emphasis>
|
||
Not of any economic importance in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFCA3918913F97C33692DDF2" box="[882,931,151,177]" name="Iran" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCA3918928A97EF363CDDBA" blockId="87.[151,1436,150,249]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCA3918928A97EF34A9DD97" bold="true" box="[199,408,186,213]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
|
||
The parasitoid wasp
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCA391890DB97EF312CDD96" authority="(Dalman)" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[662,1053,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Coccophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insidiator">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCA391890DB97EF3697DD96" box="[662,934,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Coccophagus insidiator</emphasis>
|
||
(Dalman)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCA3918966297EF31FFDD96" box="[1071,1230,187,213]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCA3918969797EF3054DD96" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" box="[1242,1381,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphelinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) has been recorded attacking
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCA391893E7978B34C5DDBB" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[426,500,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitis">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCA391893E7978B34C5DDBB" box="[426,500,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">P. vitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFCA39189055978B3774DDBA" box="[536,581,223,249]" name="Iran" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCA3918901E978B3630DDBA" author="Ebrahimi, E." box="[595,769,223,249]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="73 - 83" refId="ref100912" refString="Ebrahimi, E. (2014) Parasitoid and hyperparasitoid wasps of scale insects in Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum, Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 34 (1), 73 - 83." type="journal article" year="2014">Ebrahimi 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |