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<document id="A5DF44BED116C865A281786AA59739C8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh &amp; Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FFB2397E92DA95AE35EEDC5F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Ceroplastes rusci" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1734100994114" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5CB6911A057A0A55E2E5DD31D467AF2A">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1E82E458159C936456330CE0C2AA0BA8">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4F04DA595B784F37A84C1EBE9B8D4E10">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F5C7C33E8077B5D041189820DC3FC35D">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DBA1A7E6C2E9E59C246CCBE99DC2A688" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="684CE3E936DBEE8068265A139033BA7C">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="E9068A17DB93CCF1DB4D8680ACA0B8D9">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB2396092DA95AE34C7DE57" box="[151,502,762,789]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB2396092DA95AE34C7DE57" blockId="47.[151,794,762,825]" box="[151,502,762,789]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<heading id="4B4581E2FFB2396092DA95AE34C7DE57" bold="true" box="[151,502,762,789]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB2396092DA95AE34C7DE57" ID-CoL="T456" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,502,762,789]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusci">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB2396092DA95AE34C7DE57" bold="true" box="[151,502,762,789]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB2396092DA95AE3456DE56" bold="true" box="[151,359,762,789]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ceroplastes rusci</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB2396092DA944B362BDE7A" box="[151,794,799,825]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB2396092DA944B362BDE7A" blockId="47.[151,794,762,825]" box="[151,794,799,825]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFB2396092D2944B35C3DE7A" box="[159,242,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[176,1408,181,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-22@48.[172,1415,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 16. Adult female of Ceroplastes rusci (Linnaeus), from Hodgson &amp; Peronti (2012) page 141, fig. 64. © Magnolia Press, www.mapress.com/j/zt, reproduced with permission from the authors and the copyright holder." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385448/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFB2396092B3944B3466DE7A" box="[254,343,799,825]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,234,1620,1644]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[189,1398,181,1597]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="PLATE 2. Coccidae continued: A, Ceroplastes rubens Maskell; B, Coccus hesperidum (Linnaeus); C-1 and C-2, Ceroplastes rusci (Linnaeus); D, Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskaya); E, Ericerus farsicus Moghaddam &amp; Faghih; F, Eriopeltis festucae (Boyer de Fonscolombe); G, Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385392/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Plates 2</figureCitation>
C-1 and C-2, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFB2396090E3944B3623DE7A" box="[686,786,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 89" captionStartId="179.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[210,1380,190,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-17@179.[197,1391,181,1482]" captionTargetPageId="179" captionText="FIGURE 89. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Asterodiaspis minor (Russell); B, Asterodiaspis quercicola (Bouché); C, Bambusaspis bambusae (Boisduval); D, Bodenheimera rachelae (Bodenheimer); E, Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock; F, Ceroplastes rubens Maskell; G, Ceroplastes rusci (Linnaeus); H, Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio; I, Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus; J, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana); K, Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger; L, Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskaya)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385711/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 89G</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB2396092DA9430304DD96C" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB2396092DA943036C9DE38" blockId="47.[151,1016,867,891]" box="[151,1016,867,891]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FFB2396092DA943036C9DE38" box="[151,1016,867,891]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFB2396092DA943034C5DE38" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3921729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3921729" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E692ADD2-1504-4955-B2B9-BB1E0B726D35" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[151,500,867,891]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C1A40F4B34EFF503BEFE5DE943569FF8" page="456" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" year="1758">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB2396092DA943034C5DE38" ID-CoL="5ZHML" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 456" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="456" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,500,867,891]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusci">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB2396092DA9430342ADE38" box="[151,283,868,891]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Coccus rusci</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB23960936C943734C5DE38" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[289,500,867,891]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref104704" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, (4) + 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758: 456</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB2396093B094373617DE38" ID-CoL="T456" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[509,806,867,891]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusci">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB2396093B09437379EDE38" box="[509,687,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ceroplastes rusci</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFB23960917D943736C2DE38" author="Signoret, V." box="[816,1011,867,891]" page="35" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" year="1872">
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB23960917D943736C2DE38" author="Signoret, V." box="[816,1011,867,891]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="33 - 46" refId="ref108569" refString="Signoret, V. (1872 a) Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homopteres - Coccides), 9 e partie. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, Serie 5, 2, 33 - 46." type="journal article" year="1872">Signoret 1872a: 35</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB2396092DA94FD304DD96C" blockId="47.[151,1437,937,2007]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB2396092DA94FD34A5DE80" bold="true" box="[151,404,937,963]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Live adult female body with a thick, broadly oval and quite hard wax test, marginal areas around body divided into a series of eight quadrate plates; test usually pale pink to almost white; ventral view with broad white strip of secretion between each spiracle and margin of test. Mature female smoothly globular, venter reddish brown, stigmatic clefts shallow but distinct; caudal process short and stout, extending dorso-posteriorly.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB23960928A936D31A6DA04" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB23960928A936D34AED93B" blockId="47.[151,1437,937,2007]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960928A936D34E9D910" bold="true" box="[199,472,1081,1107]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female body oval, convex, with shallow stigmatic clefts. Caudal process short and stout.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB23960928A93D63760D813" blockId="47.[151,1437,937,2007]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960928A93D63410D9D8" box="[199,289,1154,1179]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Dorsum</emphasis>
. Derm membranous on young females, except for sclerotized caudal process. Derm with 1 central and 7 marginal clear areas. Setae each bluntly spinose. Pores of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFB23960913793F136E1D983" box="[890,976,1189,1216]" count="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
: (i) loculate bilocular microducts, easily most abundant; and (ii) simple microducts of 2 sizes: larger ducts abundant near margin, but present rather sparsely throughout; and smaller ducts, sparsely present within clear areas. Preopercular pores present in a transverse band, numbering 5–13 (
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Iranian specimens). Anal plates each with 3 pairs of long setae dorsally and an unusually long apical seta. Anal ring with 8 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB23960928A920E36D4D89C" blockId="47.[151,1437,937,2007]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960928A920E342BD830" box="[199,282,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Margin</emphasis>
. Marginal setae strongly setose; each side with 1−8 setae present between anterior and posterior stigmatic areas; each anal lobe with 3 or 4 longer marginal setae. Stigmatic clefts shallow, each with a line of conical, bluntly pointed stigmatic setae, each slightly longer than broad; dorsal-most spinose setae in each cleft largest, other stigmatic setae becoming progressively smaller along margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB23960928A92BE31A6DA04" blockId="47.[151,1437,937,2007]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960928A92BE343EDB40" box="[199,271,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Venter</emphasis>
. Derm entirely membranous. Pregenital disc-pores each with 10 loculi, restricted to around anogenital fold, and across preceding segment; much less frequent on abdominal segment V, with 0–4 on segment IV and 0 or 1 on III; 1 or 2 occasionally found between antennal bases. Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in broad bands (each about 7 pores wide) between each spiracle and margin. Ventral tubular ducts each with a long, narrow inner ductule, often with an obvious terminal gland, present in a group of about
<quantity id="D74A9B6BFFB2396096C5912D31EFDBD0" box="[1160,1246,1657,1683]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" metricValueMax="4.826" metricValueMin="0.254" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="in" value="10.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="1.0">1–19 in</quantity>
cephalic region; frequency variable posteriorly on abdominal submargin, perhaps sometimes absent but some specimens with 1 or 2 mediolaterally on each side of all abdominal segments. Submarginal setae more than twice as frequent as widely spaced marginal setae. Antennae each with 6 segments, usually with 1 distinct pseudo-articulation in segment III. Legs well developed, each with a well-developed tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis; each claw with a distinct small denticle; claw digitules both broad and subequal to, or slightly shorter than, tarsal digitules.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB23960928A900531D2DACC" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB23960928A900531D2DACC" blockId="47.[151,1437,937,2007]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960928A90053452DA28" bold="true" box="[199,355,1873,1899]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Distribution:</emphasis>
C
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960933790053719DA28" box="[378,552,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
eroplastes
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB2396093BD90063719DA28" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[496,552,1874,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusci">rusci</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is a cosmopolitan species of New World origin; in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFB2396096009006314CDA2F" box="[1101,1149,1874,1900]" name="Iran" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it is found in
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFB23960975C900630A9DA2F" box="[1297,1432,1874,1900]" country="Iran" name="Hormozgan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Hormozgan</collectingRegion>
, Kohgilouyeh &amp; Boyerahmad,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFB2396093A79022377DDAD3" box="[490,588,1910,1936]" country="Iran" name="Lorestan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Lorestan</collectingRegion>
and Sistan &amp; Balouchestan provinces (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB239609649902131E9DACC" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[1028,1240,1909,1935]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB23960928A90CD37F6DA94" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB23960928A90CD37F6DA94" blockId="47.[151,1437,937,2007]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960928A90CD346ADAF0" bold="true" box="[199,347,1945,1971]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The scale is highly polyphagous on mostly woody hosts. In
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFB23960964190CE310DDAF7" box="[1036,1084,1946,1972]" name="Iran" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it has been recorded on edible fig,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB23960928990EA3463DA94" baseAuthorityName="Bodenheimer" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[196,338,1982,2007]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carica">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960928990EA3463DA94" box="[196,338,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ficus carica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB23960932D90E934E3DA94" box="[352,466,1981,2007]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB2396093AA90E9378ADA94" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[487,699,1981,2007]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="44CD6606FFAD397F92DA90C331AADA90" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385448" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385448/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" startId="48.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[176,1408,181,1913]" targetPageId="48" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFAD397F92DA90C331AADA90" blockId="48.[151,1436,1943,2003]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAD397F92DA90C33413DAEC" bold="true" box="[151,290,1943,1967]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAD397F939990C337CEDAEC" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[468,767,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusci">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAD397F939990C337B6DAEC" box="[468,647,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ceroplastes rusci</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
, from
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFAD397F910890C33168DAEC" author="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Peronti, A. L. B. G." box="[837,1113,1943,1967]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 265" refId="ref102895" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Peronti, A. L. B. G. (2012) A revision of the wax scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Ceroplastinae) of the Afrotropical Region. Zootaxa, 3372 (1), 1 - 265. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3372.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Hodgson &amp; Peronti (2012)</bibRefCitation>
page 141, fig. 64. © Magnolia Press, www.mapress.com/j/zt, reproduced with permission from the authors and the copyright holder.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFAC397E928A97C235EEDC5F" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E928A97C23039DDF3" blockId="49.[151,1436,150,284]" box="[199,1288,150,177]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E928A97C234E6DDF3" bold="true" box="[199,471,150,176]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Economic importance:</emphasis>
The species is a serious pest of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E917097C33690DDF3" baseAuthorityName="Bodenheimer" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[829,929,151,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carica">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E917097C33690DDF3" box="[829,929,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">F. carica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFAC397E918997C336C5DDF2" box="[964,1012,151,177]" country="Iran" name="Fars" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fars</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFAC397E966697C331BCDDF2" box="[1067,1165,151,177]" country="Iran" name="Lorestan" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Lorestan</collectingRegion>
provinces.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E928A97EE35EEDC5F" blockId="49.[151,1436,150,284]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E928A97EE34A2DD97" bold="true" box="[199,403,186,212]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
A complex of natural enemies of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E914697EF3655DD97" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[779,868,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusci">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E914697EF3655DD97" box="[779,868,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. rusci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been observed in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFAC397E961797EF31BBDD96" box="[1114,1162,187,213]" name="Iran" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Iran</collectingCountry>
, including the parasitoid wasps
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E92AE978B377ADDBB" authority="(Risbec)" baseAuthorityName="Risbec" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[227,587,222,249]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toddaliae">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E92AE978B34D4DDBB" box="[227,485,222,249]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Aprostocetus toddaliae</emphasis>
(Risbec)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E90CC978A36F6DDBB" authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[641,967,222,248]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Diglyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chabrias">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E90CC978A366CDDBB" box="[641,861,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diglyphus chabrias</emphasis>
(Walker)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E9198978A3145DDBB" box="[981,1140,222,248]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E9633978A31CEDDBB" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1150,1279,222,248]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFAC397E975B978A35E2DC5F" author="Talebi, A. A. &amp; Mohammadi Khoramabadei, A. &amp; Rakhshani, E." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="708 - 719" refId="ref109239" refString="Talebi, A. A., Mohammadi Khoramabadei, A. &amp; Rakhshani, E. (2011) Checklist of eulophid wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) of Iran. Check List, 7 (6), 708 - 719. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 11008" type="journal article" year="2011">
Talebi
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E9729978B30A4DDBB" box="[1380,1429,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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