313 lines
37 KiB
XML
313 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="10A398BED06F8552A099C9895FB61529" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh & Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FFB1396392DA96C63728DAED" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1734100994114" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="118FED92BC654E938C6804F95DE375E0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="80C9FA3AEF6A142F52719BF2DD42BE9C">
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<mods:title id="4E2A828587237E55FA3F24C3F237326E">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E2661BC83A991B0D413BEAE0B937D4DD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="134F8B97E3BF584F39754573063B8FBA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FDF43A568D7ACCBC9C177ED2B08C998E">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E5E9CBF7A57ED0A7209FAC94224CF485">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E3237633F9EF71BE0C360F87B3B7895A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9DA85F93D638BD1E14D68F4B29C93320">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C8F626B633FD39AB4745826EC4D9979D">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3A2313F346BFABE673D6B221DBCC55EB" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="0A99F0DAF4A9413E9F7EDC37D381FFB3">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="27E2148C4EC7FE820F168CFC3E14FD04" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="372B9524F4E5EF243D8B92E75E90A7F2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="763E289FF329509B8BD7A93E95229DD0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D7AE5CD5E4EF3675F27BAA9A2115D021">
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<mods:date id="1CD1578B6924CE37AE3323E0DFD376C9">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E3CDAEC5E2B9A65FFA0D451EFD1CD70D">2024-11-29</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="0BDCBDA419CA1D3473A42CA44B1D3B0D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="FD7EE23342DBC034BEFB6FA9340F39F4">5542</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E0C218ED81193ACE9374D9C0351DBDD0">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="16F81B0C465AC26CAF477A59B7B7E5F5">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="D7915698947495560923445D7F6E24CE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="981B8798FFB1396392DA96C63728DAED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14447592" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14447592" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FFB1396392DA96C63728DAED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FFB1396392DA96C63728DAED" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB1396392DA96C6371FDCEF" box="[151,558,402,429]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFB1396392DA96C6371FDCEF" blockId="44.[151,662,402,465]" box="[151,558,402,429]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="4B4581E2FFB1396392DA96C6371FDCEF" bold="true" box="[151,558,402,429]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396392DA96C6371FDCEF" ID-CoL="69MV7" authority="Comstock" authorityName="Comstock" box="[151,558,402,429]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB1396392DA96C6371FDCEF" bold="true" box="[151,558,402,429]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB1396392DA96C6349BDCEE" bold="true" box="[151,426,402,429]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ceroplastes floridensis</emphasis>
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Comstock
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB1396392DA96E237A7DC92" box="[151,662,438,465]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFB1396392DA96E237A7DC92" blockId="44.[151,662,402,465]" box="[151,662,438,465]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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(
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFB1396392D296E235C3DC92" box="[159,242,438,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1604,1628]" captionTargetBox="[193,1397,193,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-17@45.[177,1411,181,1580]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 14. Adult female of Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385444/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFB1396392B396E23451DC92" box="[254,352,438,465]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,242,1630,1656]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,196,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[189,1398,196,1604]" captionText="PLATE 1. Asterolecaniidae: A, Asterodiaspis quercicola (Bouché); B, Palmaspis phoenicis (Ramachandra Rao); Cerococcidae: C, Antecerococcus longipilosus (Archangelskaya); Coccidae: D, Acantholecanium haloxyloni (Hall); E, Acanthopulvinaria orientalis (Nasonov); F, Anapulvinaria pistaciae (Bodenheimer); G, Bodenheimera rachelae (Bodenheimer); H, Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14444715" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14444715/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Plate 1H</figureCitation>
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, distribution map
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFB13963906196E237BFDC92" box="[556,654,438,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 89" captionStartId="179.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[210,1380,190,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-17@179.[197,1391,181,1482]" captionTargetPageId="179" captionText="FIGURE 89. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Asterodiaspis minor (Russell); B, Asterodiaspis quercicola (Bouché); C, Bambusaspis bambusae (Boisduval); D, Bodenheimera rachelae (Bodenheimer); E, Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock; F, Ceroplastes rubens Maskell; G, Ceroplastes rusci (Linnaeus); H, Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio; I, Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus; J, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana); K, Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger; L, Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskaya)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385711/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 89E</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB1396392DA96AF346ADF81" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB1396392DA96AF3038DF71" blockId="44.[151,1436,507,562]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FFB1396392DA96AF3038DF71" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFB1396392DA96AF374DDF50" author="Comstock, J. H." box="[151,636,507,531]" page="331" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1881">
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396392DA96AF374DDF50" ID-CoL="69MV7" authority="Comstock, 1881: 331" authorityName="Comstock" authorityPageNumber="331" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,636,507,531]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB1396392DA96AF34B6DF50" box="[151,391,507,531]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ceroplastes floridensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB1396393DE96AF374DDF50" author="Comstock, J. H." box="[403,636,507,531]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="276 - 349" refId="ref99815" refString="Comstock, J. H. (1881) Report of the Entomologist. Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture, United States Department of Agriculture, 1880 / 1881, 276 - 349." type="journal article" year="1881">Comstock, 1881: 331</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396390C196AF36C8DF50" ID-CoL="T4HJ" authority="(Comstock)" baseAuthorityName="Comstock" box="[652,1017,507,531]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Cerostegia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB1396390C196AF3640DF50" box="[652,881,507,531]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Cerostegia floridensis</emphasis>
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(Comstock)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFB13963964496AF31C0DF50" author="De Lotto, G." box="[1033,1265,507,531]" page="211" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1969">
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB13963964496AF31C0DF50" author="De Lotto, G." box="[1033,1265,507,531]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="210 - 218" refId="ref100614" refString="De Lotto, G. (1969 b) A new genus of wax scales (Homoptera: Coccidae). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria ' Filippo Silvestri ', Portici, 27, 210 - 218." type="journal article" year="1969">De Lotto 1969b: 211</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB13963974C96A83482DF71" ID-CoL="4CP8D" authority="(Comstock)" baseAuthorityName="Comstock" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paracerostegia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB13963974C96A83403DF71" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Paracerostegia floridensis</emphasis>
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(Comstock)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFB1396393F0954E376EDF71" author="Tang, F. T." box="[445,607,538,562]" page="306" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1991">
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB1396393F0954E376EDF71" author="Tang, F. T." box="[445,607,538,562]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref109451" refString="Tang, F. T. (1991) [The Coccidae of China]. Shanxi United Universities Press, Taiyuan, 377 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1991">Tang 1991: 306</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB139639025954E36E2DF71" ID-CoL="69MV7" authority="(Comstock)" baseAuthorityName="Comstock" box="[616,979,538,562]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB139639025954E3663DF71" box="[616,850,538,562]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ceroplastes floridensis</emphasis>
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(Comstock)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFB139639190954E3035DF71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5255400" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5255400" author="Hodgson, C. J. & Peronti, A. L. B. G." box="[989,1284,538,562]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B168794FFB6F823FF1AFC8ABA65E62C" page="27" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="2012">
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB139639190954E3035DF71" author="Hodgson, C. J. & Peronti, A. L. B. G." box="[989,1284,538,562]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 265" refId="ref102895" refString="Hodgson, C. J. & Peronti, A. L. B. G. (2012) A revision of the wax scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Ceroplastinae) of the Afrotropical Region. Zootaxa, 3372 (1), 1 - 265. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3372.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Hodgson & Peronti 2012: 27</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFB1396392DA9534346ADF81" blockId="44.[151,1437,608,1966]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB1396392DA953434A5DF39" bold="true" box="[151,404,608,634]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
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Live adult female with thick, opaque greyish to pinkish-white test not divided into plates, convex, rectangular in young adult but almost hemispherical in older specimens; not forming a dorsal waxy horn in old specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB13963928A959836E1D8D1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFB13963928A9598319CDFA5" blockId="44.[151,1437,608,1966]" box="[199,1197,716,742]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB13963928A959834E9DFA5" bold="true" box="[199,472,716,742]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Slide-mounted adult female body oval. Stigmatic clefts shallow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFB13963928A95A537D0DEA1" blockId="44.[151,1437,608,1966]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB13963928A95A53410DE49" box="[199,289,753,778]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Dorsum</emphasis>
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. Derm membranous in young females, slightly sclerotized in older specimens; with 1 cephalic, 0 mediodorsal, and 6 lateral clear areas devoid of pores and setae. Setae very short, stout, bluntly pointed, scattered throughout. Pores of
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<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFB1396393CF946C34E4DE11" box="[386,469,824,850]" count="3" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="generic" typeStatus="types">3 types</specimenCount>
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: (i) trilocular pores; (ii) quadrilocular pores numerous, scattered throughout, except for 7 clear areas; and (iii) bilocular pores, scattered, most numerous in submarginal areas. Preopercular pores circular and rather strongly domed, each with a sclerotized basal ring, present in a compact group of 12−20 anterior to anal plates. Tubular ducts and duct tubercles absent. Anal plates twice as long as wide, each plate with 1 subapical and 3 apical setae. Anal ring with 6 long and 2 short setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFB13963928A94B9340CD90D" blockId="44.[151,1437,608,1966]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB13963928A94B9342BD945" box="[199,282,1005,1030]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Margin</emphasis>
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. Marginal setae bristle-shaped, each side with about 8−10 setae between each anterior and posterior stigmatic furrow; stigmatic setae lanceolate with pointed apices, numbering
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<quantity id="D74A9B6BFFB13963964293443146D969" box="[1039,1143,1040,1066]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.112" metricValueMax="8.636" metricValueMin="5.588" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="in" value="28.0" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="22.0">22−34 in</quantity>
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each stigmatic cleft in 3 irregular rows.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFB13963928A930D36E1D8D1" blockId="44.[151,1437,608,1966]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB13963928A930D343ED931" box="[199,271,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Venter</emphasis>
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. Derm entirely membranous. Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 10 loculi; abundant around anogenital fold, and across preceding abdominal segments; also a few near bases of most coxae. Spiracular disc-pores mostly each with 5 loculi (occasionally several pores with more than 5), present in irregular bands between each spiracle and margin. Microducts present. Ventral tubular ducts each with inner ductule short and greatly inflated, with a small apical gland, present in a distinct, narrow submarginal band around body except anteriorly on head and in anal cleft area. Setae sparse; submarginal setae less abundant than marginal setae and significantly smaller. Antennae each generally with 6 segments but segment III sometimes with a pseudo-articulation and occasionally with 7 distinct segments. Legs well developed, each without a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis; each claw without a denticle; claw digitules both broad; tarsal digitules obviously longer than claw digitules.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB13963928A92C8366AD899" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFB13963928A92C8366AD899" blockId="44.[151,1437,608,1966]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB13963928A92C83452D8F5" bold="true" box="[199,355,1436,1462]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB13963932192C83741D8F5" box="[364,624,1436,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB13963932192C83741D8F5" box="[364,624,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ceroplastes floridensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a cosmopolitan species of Neotropical origin; in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFB13963968492C831C8D8F5" box="[1225,1273,1436,1462]" name="Iran" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it is found in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFB1396392DA929435DED899" box="[151,239,1472,1498]" country="Iran" name="Ardabil" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ardabil</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFB1396392B692943408D899" box="[251,313,1472,1498]" country="Iran" name="Gilan" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Gilan</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFB139639322929434C8D899" box="[367,505,1472,1498]" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Mazandaran</collectingRegion>
|
||
provinces (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB1396390319294367ED899" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[636,847,1472,1498]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref105743" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2009) Insects of Iran: the list of Coccoidea in the Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (2). Hemiptera: Coccoidea. Publications, Plant Pests & Diseases Research Institute, Insect Taxonomy Research Department, No. 16, 1 - 45." type="book chapter" year="2009">Moghaddam 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB13963928A92B0344FDB29" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB13963928A92B0344FDB29" blockId="44.[151,1437,608,1966]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB13963928A92B0346AD8BD" bold="true" box="[199,347,1508,1534]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Host-plants:</emphasis>
|
||
The scale is highly polyphagous, mostly occurring on woody hosts. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFB13963963292B0319ED8BD" box="[1151,1199,1508,1534]" name="Iran" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it has been recorded on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396392F1915C34ABDB61" box="[188,410,1544,1570]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Hedera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pastuchovii">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB1396392F1915C34ABDB61" box="[188,410,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Hedera pastuchovii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396393E6915C371BDB61" box="[427,554,1544,1570]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB139639072915D36A2DB61" box="[575,915,1544,1570]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Metasequoia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glyptostroboides">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB139639072915D36A2DB61" box="[575,915,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Metasequoia glyptostroboides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396391EE915C3173DB61" box="[931,1090,1544,1570]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cupressaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB13963961A915D3030DB61" box="[1111,1281,1544,1570]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ebenaceae" genus="Diospyros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaki">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB13963961A915D3030DB61" box="[1111,1281,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Diospyros kaki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB13963975F915C30A0DB61" box="[1298,1425,1544,1570]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ebenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ebenaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396392DA91793469DB05" box="[151,344,1580,1606]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="benjamina">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB1396392DA91793469DB05" box="[151,344,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ficus benjamina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB139639321917834D0DB05" box="[364,481,1580,1606]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396393B491783747DB05" box="[505,630,1580,1606]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Cedrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB1396393B49178377BDB05" box="[505,586,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Cedrus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396390C7917837C5DB05" box="[650,756,1580,1606]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB139639140917836E5DB05" box="[781,980,1580,1606]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Cydonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblonga">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB139639140917836E5DB05" box="[781,980,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Cydonia oblonga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396391A591783169DB05" box="[1000,1112,1580,1606]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396396E991783026DB05" box="[1188,1303,1580,1606]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB1396396E9917831DBDB05" box="[1188,1258,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Citrus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB139639766917830A4DB05" box="[1323,1429,1580,1606]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB1396392D291043443DB29" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[159,370,1616,1642]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref105743" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2009) Insects of Iran: the list of Coccoidea in the Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (2). Hemiptera: Coccoidea. Publications, Plant Pests & Diseases Research Institute, Insect Taxonomy Research Department, No. 16, 1 - 45." type="book chapter" year="2009">Moghaddam 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB13963928A91203728DAED" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB13963928A91203792DBF0" blockId="44.[151,1437,608,1966]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB13963928A912034EBDBCD" bold="true" box="[199,474,1652,1678]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Economic importance:</emphasis>
|
||
The species is one of the major pests of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396391F091203132DBCD" box="[957,1027,1652,1678]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB1396391F091203132DBCD" box="[957,1027,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Citrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFB1396396F2912031C1DBCD" box="[1215,1264,1652,1678]" name="Iran" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
; it also attacks several ornamental plants (Moghaddam 2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB13963928A91E83728DAED" blockId="44.[151,1437,608,1966]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB13963928A91E834A9DB95" bold="true" box="[199,408,1724,1750]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396393E991E8379ADB95" box="[420,683,1724,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB1396393E991E8379ADB95" box="[420,683,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ceroplastes floridensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is attacked by the parasitoid wasps (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB13963962B91E83033DB95" box="[1126,1282,1724,1750]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB13963975891E834BCDBB9" authority="Compere" authorityName="Compere" authorityYear="1957" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB13963975891E83413DBB9" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Metaphycus angustifrons</emphasis>
|
||
Compere
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396393D591B43724DBB9" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[408,533,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB13963900091B43697DBB9" authority="(Howard)" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[589,934,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Moralina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB13963900091B43604DBB9" box="[589,821,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Moralina californica</emphasis>
|
||
(Howard)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396391FC91B4317ADBB9" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" box="[945,1099,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and by the entomopathogenic fungi
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB13963929490503443DA5D" box="[217,370,1796,1822]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Hirsutella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB1396392949050347ADA5D" box="[217,331,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Hirsutella</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396393CD9050374BDA5D" box="[384,634,1796,1822]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="family">Ophiocordycipitaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396390FA905036DBDA5D" authority="(Zimm.)" baseAuthorityName="Zimm." box="[695,1002,1796,1822]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Verticilium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lecanii">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB1396390FA905036B4DA5D" box="[695,901,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Verticilium lecanii</emphasis>
|
||
(Zimm.)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396391B5905031D4DA5D" box="[1016,1253,1796,1822]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Plectosphaerellaceae" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glomerellales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="family">Plectosphaerellaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB1396396B6905035E2DA01" author="Davoodi, A. & Talebi, A. A. & Rajabi, G. R. & Fathipour, Y. & Moharramipour, S." pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref100432" refString="Davoodi, A., Talebi, A. A., Rajabi, G. R., Fathipour, Y. & Moharramipour, S. (2004) [Report of Metaphycus claviger (Hym.: Encyrtidae) from Iran]. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 23 (2), Pe 129 - Pe 130. [in Persian]" type="journal volume" year="2004">
|
||
Davoodi
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB139639729905130ACDA5D" box="[1380,1437,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB139639293907C373CDA01" author="Ostovan, H. & Modaresi, H." box="[222,525,1832,1858]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref107508" refString="Ostovan, H. & Modaresi, H. (2006) Biology and natural enemies of Ceroplastes floridensis (Comstock) (Homoptera: Coccidae) in north of Iran. Abstract. 58 th International Symposium on Crop Protection, Gent, Belgium, May 23, 2006. Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, 71 (2 Pt A), 151." type="journal volume" year="2006">Ostovan & Modaresi 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Its predators include the ladybird beetles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396391A3907C31CBDA01" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1006,1274,1832,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipustulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB1396391A3907C31CBDA01" box="[1006,1274,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Chilocorus bipustulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB139639777907C3458DA25" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Scymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spapetzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB139639777907C35C2DA25" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Scymnus spapetzi</emphasis>
|
||
(Mulsant)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396393D290183627DA25" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[415,790,1868,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quatuordecimpunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB1396393D290183627DA25" box="[415,790,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Propylaea quatuordecimpunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB13963911B901836E6DA25" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[854,983,1868,1894]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396391AC901831B1DA25" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[993,1152,1868,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccinellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the entomophagous fungi
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB13963929790243442DAC9" box="[218,371,1904,1930]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Hirsutella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB1396392979024347DDAC9" box="[218,332,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Hirsutella</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396393CF9024374DDAC9" box="[386,636,1904,1930]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="family">Ophiocordycipitaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396390F7902436D9DAC9" authority="(Zimm)" baseAuthorityName="Zimm" box="[698,1000,1904,1930]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Verticilium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lecanii">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB1396390F7902436B8DAC9" box="[698,905,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Verticilium lecanii</emphasis>
|
||
(Zimm)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB1396391BB902431D2DAC9" box="[1014,1251,1904,1930]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Plectosphaerellaceae" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glomerellales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="family">Plectosphaerellaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB1396396B7902435E2DAED" author="Davoodi, A. & Talebi, A. A. & Rajabi, G. R. & Fathipour, Y. & Moharramipour, S." pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref100432" refString="Davoodi, A., Talebi, A. A., Rajabi, G. R., Fathipour, Y. & Moharramipour, S. (2004) [Report of Metaphycus claviger (Hym.: Encyrtidae) from Iran]. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 23 (2), Pe 129 - Pe 130. [in Persian]" type="journal volume" year="2004">
|
||
Davoodi
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB139639729902530ACDAC9" box="[1380,1437,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB13963929390C0373CDAED" author="Ostovan, H. & Modaresi, H." box="[222,525,1940,1966]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref107508" refString="Ostovan, H. & Modaresi, H. (2006) Biology and natural enemies of Ceroplastes floridensis (Comstock) (Homoptera: Coccidae) in north of Iran. Abstract. 58 th International Symposium on Crop Protection, Gent, Belgium, May 23, 2006. Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, 71 (2 Pt A), 151." type="journal volume" year="2006">Ostovan & Modaresi 2006</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |