279 lines
33 KiB
XML
279 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="5B66D64749DA13C68BC48BD1240A8EB3" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh & Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FFAA397792DA95E83108DD96" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Didesmococcus unifasciatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1734100605626" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AD82F8A5DE7280EEAA4443B3095F1292">
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<mods:title id="C272582E2B049C821CA5190C239FA8DA">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="67A03448AF87E019B240800658751061" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="95721C070AF3506C553A98F7C6217344">
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<mods:roleTerm id="38C09F49A11DEBC34EC6E9936F1B384F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C81B52227F11192BACE153EED06B2382">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DFEACB8701BFC22B95844816C2FEC045">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="CCBB96C6A0BF02A133EBD67A23B8E07A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="ABFAA7CA52BE17208E03C811AA957935">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BC6AC8E21005D4CE00CDB9B558E638B5">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9CE0AB28E7E346FC991DE0E7372D3B39" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="48F118F4B5E9531E02E9B89629097861">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EDE58C4C2C7AA801F1AD2DB3CA7749F2" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="94A72789072C1B44E38F5CA4C45844AF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="04E740F580F20AA7A7832F5DAEDFBC69">
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<mods:date id="10157D3BE26F20C1E1D347D127FA0AD7">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5035116A4CAF738A1CB8F22E89045859">2024-11-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C9D9FAD160718C053E8B4D9A9B58110A">5542</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="97DD48090B6236A2EEECD4DE9E9C6A16">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:url>
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<treatment id="981B8798FFAA397792DA95E83108DD96" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14444939" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14444939" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FFAA397792DA95E83108DD96" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FFAA397792DA95E83108DD96" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFAA397892DA95E837E2DF95" box="[151,723,700,727]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFAA397892DA95E837E2DF95" blockId="55.[151,723,700,763]" box="[151,723,700,727]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<heading id="4B4581E2FFAA397892DA95E837E2DF95" bold="true" box="[151,723,700,727]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAA397892DA95E837E2DF95" ID-CoL="35X4L" authority="(Archangelskaya)" baseAuthorityName="Archangelskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[151,723,700,727]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Didesmococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifasciatus">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA397892DA95E837E2DF95" bold="true" box="[151,723,700,727]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA397892DA95E834DFDF95" bold="true" box="[151,494,700,727]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Didesmococcus unifasciatus</emphasis>
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(Archangelskaya)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFAA397892DA95B437A7DFB8" box="[151,662,736,763]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFAA397892DA95B437A7DFB8" blockId="55.[151,723,700,763]" box="[151,662,736,763]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFAA397892D295B435C2DFB8" box="[159,243,736,763]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[165,1436,248,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-50@56.[151,1436,237,1879]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 20. Adult female of Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskaya), based on Hodgson (1994), page 222, fig. 47." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385468/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFAA397892B395B43450DFB8" box="[254,353,736,763]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,234,1620,1644]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[189,1398,181,1597]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="PLATE 2. Coccidae continued: A, Ceroplastes rubens Maskell; B, Coccus hesperidum (Linnaeus); C-1 and C-2, Ceroplastes rusci (Linnaeus); D, Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskaya); E, Ericerus farsicus Moghaddam & Faghih; F, Eriopeltis festucae (Boyer de Fonscolombe); G, Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385392/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Plate 2D</figureCitation>
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, distribution map
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFAA3978906195B437BFDFB8" box="[556,654,736,763]" captionStart="FIGURE 89" captionStartId="179.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[210,1380,190,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-17@179.[197,1391,181,1482]" captionTargetPageId="179" captionText="FIGURE 89. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Asterodiaspis minor (Russell); B, Asterodiaspis quercicola (Bouché); C, Bambusaspis bambusae (Boisduval); D, Bodenheimera rachelae (Bodenheimer); E, Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock; F, Ceroplastes rubens Maskell; G, Ceroplastes rusci (Linnaeus); H, Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio; I, Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus; J, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana); K, Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger; L, Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskaya)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385711/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 89L</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFAA397892DA94713042DE81" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFAA397892DA947137E9DE1F" blockId="55.[151,1437,805,860]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FFAA397892DA947137E9DE1F" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFAA397892DA9471378ADE7E" author="Archangelskaya, A. D." box="[151,699,805,829]" page="265" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="1923">
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAA397892DA9471378ADE7E" ID-CoL="4HJ3Y" authority="Archangelskaya, 1923: 265" authorityName="Archangelskaya" authorityPageNumber="265" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,699,805,829]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Physokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifasciatus">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA397892DA947134ACDE7E" box="[151,413,805,829]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Physokermes unifasciatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFAA397893EF9471378ADE7E" author="Archangelskaya, A. D." box="[418,699,805,829]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="259 - 266" refId="ref97444" refString="Archangelskaya, A. D. (1923) Contribution to the fauna of hard or soft scales (Coccidae) of Turkestan. Transactions of the Scientific Society of Turkestan, 1, 259 - 266." type="journal article" year="1923">Archangelskaya, 1923: 265</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAA3978908894713193DE7E" ID-CoL="35X4L" authority="(Archangelskaya)" baseAuthorityName="Archangelskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[709,1186,805,829]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Didesmococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifasciatus">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA39789088947136D5DE7E" box="[709,996,805,829]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Didesmococcus unifasciatus</emphasis>
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(Archangelskaya)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFAA397896E1947130A8DE7E" author="Borchsenius, N. S." box="[1196,1433,805,829]" page="282" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="1953">
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFAA397896E1947130A8DE7E" author="Borchsenius, N. S." box="[1196,1433,805,829]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="281 - 290" refId="ref98734" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1953) [New genera and species of scale insects of the family Coccidae (Homoptera, Coccoidea)]. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenye, 33, 281 - 290. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1953">Borchsenius 1953: 282</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFAA3978928A941037E5DE1F" author="Borchsenius, N. S." box="[199,724,835,860]" page="282" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="1953">
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAA3978928A941037E5DE1F" ID-CoL="35X4J" authority="Borchsenius, 1953: 282" authorityName="Borchsenius" authorityPageNumber="282" authorityYear="1953" box="[199,724,835,860]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Didesmococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megriensis">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA3978928A941034EADE18" box="[199,475,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Didesmococcus megriensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFAA397893AC941037E5DE1F" author="Borchsenius, N. S." box="[481,724,835,860]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="281 - 290" refId="ref98734" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1953) [New genera and species of scale insects of the family Coccidae (Homoptera, Coccoidea)]. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenye, 33, 281 - 290. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1953">Borchsenius, 1953: 282</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFAA397892DA94D03042DE81" blockId="55.[151,1437,900,2042]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA397892DA94D034A2DEDD" bold="true" box="[151,403,900,926]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
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Live adult female circular, up to
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<quantity id="D74A9B6BFFAA3978915D94D13663DEDC" box="[784,850,901,927]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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long; dorsum highly convex, with a small marginal lip. Specimen preserved in alcohol brown with a pale brown pattern, sclerotized area around anal plates darker.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFAA3978928A9498300EDB2C" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFAA3978928A949831ADD949" blockId="55.[151,1437,900,2042]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA3978928A949834E4DEA5" bold="true" box="[199,469,972,998]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Slide-mounted adult female body oval to almost circular, with stigmatic clefts indistinct; anal cleft fairly short. Eyespots situated just dorsad to margin. Anal cleft of moderate depth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFAA3978928A934134E5D9A0" blockId="55.[151,1437,900,2042]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA3978928A93413410D96D" box="[199,289,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Dorsum</emphasis>
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. Derm with sclerotization mainly around anal plates and along posterior margin on either side of anal cleft. Setae of
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<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFAA3978933C936D34F4D910" box="[369,453,1081,1107]" count="2" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
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: (i) extremely long, fine setae present in 2 large groups, one just anterior to anal plates, other group situated near anterior margin on head; and (ii) much shorter setae, sparsely present throughout. Pores numerous, all bilocular. Preopercular-type pores circular, slightly convex, confined to both groups of long dorsal setae. Duct tubercles and tubular ducts absent. Anal plates together quadrate, each with 4 long setae towards apex. Anal ring bearing 6–8 setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFAA3978928A93B9310CD831" blockId="55.[151,1437,900,2042]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA3978928A93B9342BD845" box="[199,282,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Margin</emphasis>
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. Marginal setae similar to
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<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFAA3978901593B937B9D844" box="[600,648,1261,1287]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">type</typeStatus>
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(ii) dorsal setae but shorter, numbering about 10−15 setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts on each side. Stigmatic clefts shallow; stigmatic setae each quite stout, bluntly spinose, with a broad basal socket, longest exceeding a marginal seta in length; numbering about 10 setae in each cleft, but also present along margin between clefts and as far as eyespots anteriorly.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFAA3978928A9229300EDB2C" blockId="55.[151,1437,900,2042]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA3978928A9229343ED8D5" box="[199,271,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Venter</emphasis>
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. Derm membranous. Pregenital disc-pores usually each with 9−11 loculi, abundant across all abdominal segments and frequent across meso- and metathorax, a few also present on prothorax and lateral to each metacoxa. Spiracular disc-pores variable in size, each with 4−13 loculi, present in very broad bands between each spiracle and margin, widest near margin and extending mesad beyond spiracle orifice. Ventral pores present. Tubular ducts absent. Three pregenital segments each with a pair of long setae; also a pair of long setae and a pair of small setae between antennal bases. Legs well developed, each without a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis; claw with a distinct denticle; claw digitules both fine, but slightly stouter than tarsal digitules. Antennae each with 9 segments.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFAA3978928A912C344FDB98" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFAA3978928A912C344FDB98" blockId="55.[151,1437,900,2042]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA3978928A912C3452DBD1" bold="true" box="[199,355,1656,1682]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Distribution:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAA3978933D912C3785DBD0" baseAuthorityName="Archangelskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[368,692,1656,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Didesmococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifasciatus">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA3978933D912C3785DBD0" box="[368,692,1656,1683]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Didesmococcus unifasciatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from 11 countries in the Palaearctic region (
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFAA3978971D912D344BDBF5" author="Garcia Morales M. & Denno B. D. & Miller D. R. & Miller G. L. & Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B." pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
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García Morales
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA397892B691C9341FDBF5" box="[251,302,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFAA397893E191C934EDDBF4" box="[428,476,1693,1719]" name="Iran" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it is found in Azarbaijan -e Sharghi,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFAA397891C491C836C6DBF5" box="[905,1015,1692,1718]" country="Iran" name="Hamadan" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Hamadan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFAA3978964E91C831A0DBF5" box="[1027,1169,1692,1718]" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Kermanshah</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFAA3978968791C83016DBF5" box="[1226,1319,1692,1718]" country="Iran" name="Markazi" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Markazi</collectingRegion>
|
||
provinces (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFAA397892D291943443DB98" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[159,370,1728,1755]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFAA3978928A91B13191DA04" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFAA3978928A91B13191DA04" blockId="55.[151,1437,900,2042]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA3978928A91B1346ADBBC" bold="true" box="[199,347,1765,1791]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Host-plants:</emphasis>
|
||
The species has been recorded on host-plants mostly belonging to the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAA3978968591B13003DBBC" box="[1224,1330,1765,1791]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
but there are also records on species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAA397893A7905D376ADA60" box="[490,603,1801,1827]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAA397890DA905C3162DA61" authority="(Garcia Morales et al. 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Garcia Morales" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[663,1107,1800,1827]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
|
||
Ulmaceae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFAA3978915B905D317ADA61" author="Garcia Morales M. & Denno B. D. & Miller D. R. & Miller G. L. & Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B." box="[790,1099,1800,1827]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
|
||
García Morales
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA39789183905D3131DA61" box="[974,1024,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFAA39789633905D319FDA60" box="[1150,1198,1801,1827]" name="Iran" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it has been recorded on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAA397892F790783481DA05" box="[186,432,1836,1862]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Amygdalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA397892F790783481DA05" box="[186,432,1836,1862]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Amygdalus communis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAA397893F090793771DA05" box="[445,576,1836,1863]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Amygdalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA397893F090793771DA05" box="[445,576,1836,1863]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A. lycioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA3978903B9079361EDA05" box="[630,815,1836,1862]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Persica
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAA3978909E9078361EDA05" box="[723,815,1836,1862]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Armeniaca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">vulgaris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAA397891709079369BDA04" box="[829,938,1837,1863]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFAA3978918D907831A5DA04" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[960,1172,1836,1863]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFAA3977928A90043108DD96" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFAA3978928A900431B4DAF1" blockId="55.[151,1437,900,2042]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA3978928A900434EDDA29" bold="true" box="[199,476,1872,1898]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Economic importance:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAA397893A59004361ADA28" baseAuthorityName="Archangelskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[488,811,1872,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Didesmococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA397893A59004361ADA28" box="[488,811,1872,1899]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Didesmococcus unifasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of the most important pests on trees in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFAA39789725900530A9DA28" box="[1384,1432,1873,1899]" name="Iran" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, particularly on stone fruits. The species produces copious sugary honeydew, which promotes sooty mould growth. The sooty mould associated with heavy infestations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAA397890B290CD36A7DAF0" baseAuthorityName="Archangelskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[767,918,1945,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Didesmococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unfaciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA397890B290CD36A7DAF0" box="[767,918,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">D. unfaciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can kill plant shoots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFAA3977928A90E93108DD96" blockId="55.[151,1437,900,2042]" lastBlockId="56.[151,1437,151,213]" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA3978928A90E934A8DA95" bold="true" box="[199,409,1980,2007]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFAA3978938490E934C8DA94" box="[457,505,1981,2007]" name="Iran" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAA3978904490E93789DA94" baseAuthorityName="Archangelskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[521,696,1981,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Didesmococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA3978904490E93789DA94" box="[521,696,1981,2007]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">D. unifasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is attacked by the parasitoid wasps (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAA3978963B90E93023DA94" box="[1142,1298,1981,2007]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAA3978976B90E834AEDAB9" authority="Ratzeburg" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Coccobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA3978976B90E83414DAB9" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Coccobius annulicornis</emphasis>
|
||
Ratzeburg
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAA3978939890B43671DAB9" authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[469,832,2016,2042]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Coccophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycimniia">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA3978939890B437E9DAB9" box="[469,728,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Coccophagus lycimniia</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAA3978910290B436EFDAB9" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" box="[847,990,2016,2042]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphelinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAA397891BC90B4305CDAB9" authority="(Howard)" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1009,1389,2016,2042]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulvinariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAA397891BC90B431CDDAB9" box="[1009,1276,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Metaphycus pulvinariae</emphasis>
|
||
(Howard)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFA5397792DA97C3344FDDF3" baseAuthorityName="Nikol'skaya" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[151,382,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Microterys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuprinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA5397792DA97C3344FDDF3" box="[151,382,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Microterys cuprinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nikol’skaya (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFA53977906F97C337AEDDF2" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[546,671,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFA5397790A497C336CCDDF3" box="[745,1021,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pachyneuron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muscarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA5397790A497C336CCDDF3" box="[745,1021,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Pachyneuron muscarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFA53977960897C331ECDDF2" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" box="[1093,1245,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFA5397796BB97C335E0DD96" author="Davoodi, A. & Talebi, A. A. & Rajabi, G. R. & Fathipour, Y. & Moharramipour, S." pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refId="ref100432" refString="Davoodi, A., Talebi, A. A., Rajabi, G. R., Fathipour, Y. & Moharramipour, S. (2004) [Report of Metaphycus claviger (Hym.: Encyrtidae) from Iran]. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 23 (2), Pe 129 - Pe 130. [in Persian]" type="journal volume" year="2004">
|
||
Davoodi
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA53977972C97C330ACDDF2" box="[1377,1437,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFA53977929697EF34C4DD96" author="Abolmasoumi, N. & Talebi, A. A. & Rakhsahni, E. & Lotfalizadeh, H." box="[219,501,187,213]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref97317" refString="Abolmasoumi, N., Talebi, A. A., Rakhsahni, E. & Lotfalizadeh, H. (2009) Study on faunistic, biodiversity and host rates of (Hym., Aphelinidae) in some parts of Markazai and Lorestan provinces, Iran. Journal of Entomological Research, 2 (1), 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Abolmasoumi
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA53977933397EF349FDD96" box="[382,430,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFA53977904C97EF3623DD96" author="Golpayegani, Sh. & Talebi, A. A. & Lotfalizadeh, H. & Rakhshani, E." box="[513,786,187,213]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="319 - 329" refId="ref101730" refString="Golpayegani, Sh., Talebi, A. A., Lotfalizadeh, H. & Rakhshani, E. (2010) Faunistic study and host range of encyrtid parasitoids (Hym., Encyrtidae) collected in some parts of Lorestan and Markazi provinces of Iran. Journal of Entomological Research, 1 (4), 319 - 329." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Golpayegani
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA5397790DA97EF37F9DD96" box="[663,712,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFA53977915097EF311CDD96" author="Lotfalizadeh, H. & Zargaran, M. R. & Taghizadeh, M." box="[797,1069,187,213]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="60 - 66" refId="ref104911" refString="Lotfalizadeh, H., Zargaran, M. R. & Taghizadeh, M. (2014) Species diversity of Coccoidea parasitoids wasps (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) in the northern parts of East-Azarbaijan province, Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology, 10 (1), 60 - 66." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Lotfalizadeh
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA5397791FC97EF36D3DD96" box="[945,994,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |