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<document id="AFF2C0A56FE61DBE93DE812DEEDD6FC0" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh &amp; Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FF87395392DA91CC37A8DA88" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Palmaspis phoenicis" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1734100994114" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7AB6492764CA2A8B4E91AB43AEDF56B1">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="367E03D1F8EE23A261FD1F9423D11913">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="11577F95C0ED1CF009EBE7A068C8FA12">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4B5F7C008C493A69F6E7C8F2F2926364">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1ECD83F296347CD9EBEFF87BACB8A65B" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="2C773A5D2F3D6DEA98CF814586057ACF">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2B1EE0CDF99CDEFE1052F1EB9F259A39" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="2934E4F2A45B4A8621B942F888EAE15C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C270D725AB21D4FDE0FA9EE1A68258AF">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="981B8798FF87395392DA91CC37A8DA88" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14447554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14447554" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FF87395392DA91CC37A8DA88" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FF87395392DA91CC37A8DA88" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF87395592DA91CC37A7DBF1" box="[151,662,1688,1715]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF87395592DA91CC37A7DBF1" blockId="26.[151,662,1688,1751]" box="[151,662,1688,1715]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="4B4581E2FF87395592DA91CC37A7DBF1" bold="true" box="[151,662,1688,1715]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF87395592DA91CC37A7DBF1" authority="(Ramachandra Rao)" baseAuthorityName="Ramachandra Rao" box="[151,662,1688,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Palmaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenicis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF87395592DA91CC37A7DBF1" bold="true" box="[151,662,1688,1715]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF87395592DA91CC34BFDBF0" bold="true" box="[151,398,1688,1715]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Palmaspis phoenicis</emphasis>
(Ramachandra Rao)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF87395592DA91E8374FDB94" box="[151,638,1724,1751]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF87395592DA91E8374FDB94" blockId="26.[151,662,1688,1751]" box="[151,638,1724,1751]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF87395592D291E835D5DB95" box="[159,228,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1682,1706]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,426,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-121@28.[151,1436,417,1659]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 6. Adult female of Palmaspis phoenicis (Ramachandra Rao), developed from Russell (1941) page 287, fig. 52." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385418/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF87395592BD91E83460DB94" box="[240,337,1724,1751]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,242,1630,1656]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,196,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[189,1398,196,1604]" captionText="PLATE 1. Asterolecaniidae: A, Asterodiaspis quercicola (Bouché); B, Palmaspis phoenicis (Ramachandra Rao); Cerococcidae: C, Antecerococcus longipilosus (Archangelskaya); Coccidae: D, Acantholecanium haloxyloni (Hall); E, Acanthopulvinaria orientalis (Nasonov); F, Anapulvinaria pistaciae (Bodenheimer); G, Bodenheimera rachelae (Bodenheimer); H, Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14444715" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14444715/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Plate 1B</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF873955905091E83746DB94" box="[541,631,1724,1751]" captionStart="FIGURE 91" captionStartId="181.[151,250,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[207,1385,186,1457]" captionTargetId="figure-17@181.[199,1389,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="FIGURE 91. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Kermes quercus (Linnaeus); B, Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky; C, Neoacanthococcus pamiricus (Bazarov); D, Neoacanthococcus tamaricicola Borchsenius; E, Nidularia balachowskii Bodenheimer; F, Orthezia urticae (Linnaeus); G, Ortheziola marottai Kaydan &amp; Szita; H, Palaeolecanium bituberculatum (Signoret); I, Palmaspis phoenicis (Ramachandra Rao); J, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché); K, Parthenolecanium persicae (Fabricius); L, Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385720/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 91I</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF87395592DA90553019DAC6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF87395592DA9055304ADA5A" blockId="26.[151,1403,1793,1817]" box="[151,1403,1793,1817]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FF87395592DA9055304ADA5A" box="[151,1403,1793,1817]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFF87395592DA905537F4DA5A" author="Ramachandra Rao, Y." box="[151,709,1793,1817]" page="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1922">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF87395592DA905537F4DA5A" authority="Ramachandra Rao, 1922: 11" authorityName="Ramachandra Rao" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,709,1793,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Asterolecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenicis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF87395592DA905534ACDA5A" box="[151,413,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Asterolecanium phoenicis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF87395593EE905537F4DA5A" author="Ramachandra Rao, Y." box="[419,709,1793,1817]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref107857" refString="Ramachandra Rao, Y. (1922) The pests of the date palm in the Iraq. Mesopotamia Department of Agriculture Memoirs, 6 (1921), 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1922">Ramachandra Rao, 1922: 11</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF873955908290553145DA5A" authority="(Ramachandra Rao)" baseAuthorityName="Ramachandra Rao" box="[719,1140,1793,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Palmaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenicis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF873955908290553691DA5A" box="[719,928,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Palmaspis phoenicis</emphasis>
(Ramachandra Rao)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFF873955963290553046DA5A" author="Bodenheimer, F. S." box="[1151,1399,1793,1817]" page="328" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1951">
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF873955963290553046DA5A" author="Bodenheimer, F. S." box="[1151,1399,1793,1817]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="328 - 331" refId="ref98359" refString="Bodenheimer, F. S. (1951) Description of some new genera of Coccoidea. Entomologische Berichten. Amsterdam, 13, 328 - 331." type="journal article" year="1951">Bodenheimer 1951: 328</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF87395592DA90133019DAC6" blockId="26.[151,1436,1863,2033]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF87395592DA90133450DA22" bold="true" box="[151,353,1863,1889]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Field characters:</emphasis>
Adult females live on the stems, leaves and fruits of date palms. Body of adult female oval, wider at rounded posterior end, convex dorsally; test pale greenish yellow, transparent, thin, smooth and shiny.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF873953928A90DB3611DCCA" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF873955928A90DB3459DAB2" blockId="26.[151,1436,1863,2033]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF873955928A90DB34EBDAEA" bold="true" box="[199,474,1935,1961]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female body slipper-shaped. Antennae very short, each with 2 setae as long as, or slightly longer than diameter of antenna. Anal opening dorsal, circular, with margin sometimes faintly sclerotized.
</paragraph>
<caption id="44CD6606FF86395492DA90C33013DAF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385416" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385416" box="[151,1314,1943,1968]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385416/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[167,1421,191,1906]" targetPageId="27" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF86395492DA90C33013DAF3" blockId="27.[151,1314,1943,1968]" box="[151,1314,1943,1968]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF86395492DA90C33422DAF3" bold="true" box="[151,275,1943,1968]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF86395493F290CC3603DAF3" authority="(Boisduval)" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[447,818,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Bambusaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusae">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF86395493F290CC3783DAF3" box="[447,690,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Bambusaspis bambusae</emphasis>
(Boisduval)
</taxonomicName>
, developed from
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF86395491AF90CC3146DAF3" author="Russell, L. M." box="[994,1143,1944,1968]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 319" refId="ref108178" refString="Russell, L. M. (1941) A classification of the scale insect genus Asterolecanium. Miscellaneous Publication, United States Department of Agriculture, 424, 1 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65621" type="journal article" year="1941">Russell (1941)</bibRefCitation>
page 242, fig. 6.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF813953928A97C3376CDC5E" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,393]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF813953928A97C33410DDF3" box="[199,289,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Dorsum</emphasis>
. Marginal 8-shaped pores present in a single row, terminating about three times length of apical setae from their bases. Tubular ducts present in scattered groups. Dorsal 8-shaped pores present, often numbering 20–25; with somewhat tubular pores present in submarginal area, 1 or 2 sometimes in median area anterior to level of mouthparts. Disc-pores fairly numerous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF813953928A96733611DCCA" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,393]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF813953928A9673343EDC03" box="[199,271,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Venter</emphasis>
. Marginal quinquelocular disc-pores present in a single row on inner ventral edge of marginal 8-shaped pore row. Spiracular bar expanded at inner end; spiracular furrow between each spiracle and margin of body containing a group of about 12 quinquelocular disc-pores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="44CD6606FF81395392DA91C63053DBE9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385418" box="[151,1378,1682,1707]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385418/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" startId="28.[151,250,1682,1706]" targetBox="[157,1429,426,1658]" targetPageId="28" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF81395392DA91C63053DBE9" blockId="28.[151,1378,1682,1707]" box="[151,1378,1682,1707]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF81395392DA91C63422DBE9" bold="true" box="[151,275,1682,1706]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF813953938D91C63654DBE8" authority="(Ramachandra Rao)" baseAuthorityName="Ramachandra Rao" box="[448,869,1682,1707]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Palmaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenicis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF813953938D91C637A0DBE9" box="[448,657,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Palmaspis phoenicis</emphasis>
(Ramachandra Rao)
</taxonomicName>
, developed from
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF813953965891C6319BDBE8" author="Russell, L. M." box="[1045,1194,1682,1707]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 319" refId="ref108178" refString="Russell, L. M. (1941) A classification of the scale insect genus Asterolecanium. Miscellaneous Publication, United States Department of Agriculture, 424, 1 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65621" type="journal article" year="1941">Russell (1941)</bibRefCitation>
page 287, fig. 52.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF813953928A91A837A8DA88" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF813953928A91A836FDDA1C" blockId="28.[151,1436,1788,1995]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF813953928A91A83452DA55" bold="true" box="[199,355,1788,1814]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF813953932691A93765DA54" box="[363,596,1789,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Palmaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenicis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF813953932691A93765DA54" box="[363,596,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Palmaspis phoenicis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from eight countries in the Afrotropical and Palaearctic regions (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF81395392D2907534E4DA78" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[159,469,1825,1851]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF813953931A907534B8DA78" box="[343,393,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
); in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF813953904A90753706DA78" box="[519,567,1825,1851]" name="Iran" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it has been recorded from
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF8139539121907536FADA78" box="[876,971,1825,1851]" country="Iran" name="Bushehr" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bushehr</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF813953919590753104DA78" box="[984,1077,1825,1851]" country="Iran" name="Esfahan" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Esfahan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF813953960C90753145DA78" box="[1089,1140,1825,1851]" country="Iran" name="Fars" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fars</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF81395396CD90753036DA78" box="[1152,1287,1825,1851]" country="Iran" name="Hormozgan" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hormozgan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF813953975E9075304FDA78" box="[1299,1406,1825,1851]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Khorasan</collectingRegion>
-e Jounobi, Sistan &amp; Balouchestan and
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF813953907F9011375BDA1C" box="[562,618,1861,1887]" country="Iran" name="Yazd" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Yazd</collectingRegion>
provinces (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF81395390A0901136F1DA1C" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[749,960,1861,1887]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF813953928A903D3020DAC0" blockId="28.[151,1436,1788,1995]" box="[199,1297,1897,1923]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF813953928A903D346ADAC0" bold="true" box="[199,347,1897,1923]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The species has been recorded only on date palms,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF81395391D2903D314ADAC0" box="[927,1147,1897,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phoenix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dactylifera">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF81395391D2903D314ADAC0" box="[927,1147,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Phoenix dactylifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF81395396C7903D3037DAC0" box="[1162,1286,1897,1923]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF813953928A90D83742DAE4" blockId="28.[151,1436,1788,1995]" box="[199,627,1932,1959]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF813953928A90D834E6DAE5" bold="true" box="[199,471,1932,1958]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Economic importance:</emphasis>
None in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF813953907390D9375EDAE4" box="[574,623,1933,1959]" name="Iran" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF813953928A90E537A8DA88" blockId="28.[151,1436,1788,1995]" box="[199,665,1968,1995]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF813953928A90E534A5DA89" bold="true" box="[199,404,1968,1995]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF813953902990E537A4DA88" box="[612,661,1969,1995]" name="Iran" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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