672 lines
86 KiB
XML
672 lines
86 KiB
XML
<document id="FF7D6EDD7F73F56BD413EC46CD9A9006" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.194909" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d7802d95-afe0-46e4-96c7-e315c3874bc1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="194909" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460219362880" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Perez-Peña, Pedro E., Chavez, German, Twomey, Evan & Brown, Jason L." docDate="2010" docId="9B6DC838FFA9843EFF5D6B842B25874B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02439p023.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2439" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ranitomeya yavaricola Perez-Peña, Chavez, Twomey & Brown, 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="6754B040FFAA8435FFCA6F032E7D8467" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Ranitomeya (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from eastern Amazonian Peru" masterLastPageNumber="23" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698237480052" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AFBCF89856C33476660C1EEC4DA1F0B2">
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<mods:title id="4EE31207FEE4F0CDEB2DFB068237E994">Two new species of Ranitomeya (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from eastern Amazonian Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="03DB34D8E64643E930DBCC0E04B2CF5E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="12044C9020F78D2F8C4611ACE40AACF0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="59988BCED620736969A421EB8B27729A">Perez-Peña, Pedro E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B31BC8AEC6388808808BF87E49705565">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0A0E800C294ABE53B9AFF178846E32CD">Chavez, German</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D85E6B212DDEB413C10E44877DF4E8F9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D161B63034F0E2AF3CD03464B0B3116F">Twomey, Evan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="D096EE6409D8E8D381A60DD2F3ADEB59" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5D50616FE3AA4D2CC1314AE6E752CA03">Brown, Jason L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8C9507128B0C71AD219DE428F5E47013">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2A3B7723D8DB98BF707FA5D9D329A650">
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<mods:date id="BD7D3C754AC8E7D398F9C949E77D267A">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="983FF5C96587EFE16A7958B78ECCFBEF">2439</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="DB4AB0D5702981094F86DB852BD1AF84" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.194909</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9B6DC838FFA9843EFF5D6B842B25874B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5632915" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119385009" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5632915" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9B6DC838FFA9843EFF5D6B842B25874B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9B6DC838FFA9843EFF5D6B842B25874B" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="5BDE2AA5FFA98436FF5D6B842F3080A0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="137B792EFFA98436FF5D6B842C6C80C6" blockId="3.[151,529,1159,1223]" box="[151,529,1159,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="4833CE42FFA98436FF5D6B842C6C80C6" bold="true" box="[151,529,1159,1185]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA98436FF5D6B842C6C80C6" bold="true" box="[151,529,1159,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA98436FF5D6B842FD180C6" ID-CoL="4RFBK" box="[151,428,1159,1185]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA98436FF5D6B842FD180C6" bold="true" box="[151,428,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ranitomeya yavaricola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3A831847FFA98436FE7E6B842C6C80C6" box="[436,529,1159,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="137B792EFFA98436FF5D6BAE2F3080A0" blockId="3.[151,529,1159,1223]" box="[151,333,1197,1223]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<figureCitation id="8BFF65ABFFA98436FF5D6BAE2F5880A0" box="[151,293,1197,1223]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="4.[151,255,1342,1366]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,255,860,884]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,255,1995,2019]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,260,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1428,465,1310]" captionTargetBox-1="[413,1181,214,836]" captionTargetBox-2="[237,1350,979,1954]" captionTargetBox-3="[156,1429,211,1909]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[151,1436,458,1318]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[405,1181,197,836]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[222,1356,967,1967]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[151,1436,197,1922]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Dorsal and ventral views of Ranitomeya yavaricola sp. nov. from Lago Preto, Loreto, Peru." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Type series of Ranitomeya yavaricola with corresponding ventral photos. Left to right: MZUNAP- 01 - 519, MZUNAP- 01 - 518, MZUNAP- 01 - 520. Bar equals 10 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Right hand and right foot of Ranitomeya yavaricola." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Intrapopulation variation of Ranitomeya yavaricola. Each row shows the dorsum and venter of an individual. The first three rows are adult males and the last row is an adult female." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/194911/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/194912/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/194913/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/194914/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figures 2–5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="8BFF65ABFFA98436FEFB6BAE2F3080A0" box="[305,333,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1058,1082]" captionTargetBox="[240,1345,197,1027]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[239,1347,197,1035]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. View of the Rio Blanco basin near the type locality of R. cyanovittata, Loreto, Peru. Photograph by Diego Vasquez." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194920/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">11</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5BDE2AA5FFA98436FF5D6BF42D4581C0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="137B792EFFA98436FF5D6BF42AB6813B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1271,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<typeStatus id="CC7FC78CFFA98436FF5D6BF42F748176" box="[151,265,1271,1297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">
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<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA98436FF5D6BF42F748176" bold="true" box="[151,265,1271,1297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Holotype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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. MZUNAP-01-520 (
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<figureCitation id="8BFF65ABFFA98436FE356BFB2C3D8175" box="[511,576,1272,1298]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,860,884]" captionTargetBox="[413,1181,214,836]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[405,1181,197,836]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Type series of Ranitomeya yavaricola with corresponding ventral photos. Left to right: MZUNAP- 01 - 519, MZUNAP- 01 - 518, MZUNAP- 01 - 520. Bar equals 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194912/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig 3</figureCitation>
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.), an adult male collected by Pedro Perez-Peña nearby Lago Preto,
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<quantity id="D43CD4CBFFA98436FA986BFB2BE18175" box="[1362,1436,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="km" value="17.0">17 km</quantity>
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W of Estiron de
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<collectingCountry id="6BD339BEFFA98436FEAE6A1E2FB18150" box="[356,460,1309,1335]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, Provincia Ramon Castilla, Departamento Loreto,
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<collectingCountry id="6BD339BEFFA98436FBF16A1E2A0A8150" box="[1083,1143,1309,1335]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Peru</collectingCountry>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="76F01FE9FFA98436FB4E6A1E2B4F8150" box="[1156,1330,1309,1335]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" value="-4.459722">4° 27' 35.0" S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="76F01FE9FFA98436FA8B6A1E2E9E813B" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" value="-71.75097">71° 45’ 3.5"W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="D43CD4CBFFA98436FF256A412F44813B" box="[239,313,1346,1372]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
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elevation;
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<date id="677A5FEEFFA98436FE716A412C28813B" box="[443,597,1346,1372]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2009-08">August 2009</date>
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; found foraging in leaf litter within
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<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA98436FC306A402A04813B" box="[1018,1145,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">terra firme</emphasis>
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forest.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="137B792EFFA98436FF0E6A642D4581C0" blockId="3.[151,1437,1271,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<typeStatus id="CC7FC78CFFA98436FF0E6A642F3481E6" box="[196,329,1383,1409]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">
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<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA98436FF0E6A642F3481E6" bold="true" box="[196,329,1383,1409]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paratypes</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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. All from same locality as
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<typeStatus id="CC7FC78CFFA98436FD6F6A6B2D6E81E5" box="[677,787,1384,1410]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(MZUNAP-01-518, 519) an adult female and male (respectively) collected by P. Pérez-Peña in
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<date id="677A5FEEFFA98436FD506A8E2D4E81C0" box="[666,819,1421,1447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2009-08">August 2009</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5BDE2AA5FFA98436FF0E6AB12B1682E0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="137B792EFFA98436FF0E6AB12E968270" blockId="3.[151,1437,1271,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA98436FF0E6AB12F2C81AB" bold="true" box="[196,337,1458,1484]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific epithet is noun in apposition that means “inhabitant of the Yavarí” and is formed from the Latin suffix “
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<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA98436FE696ADB2F9A8196" box="[419,487,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">-icola</emphasis>
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” for “dweller” or “inhabitant” and Río Yavarí, the watershed where this species occurs.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="137B792EFFA98436FF0E69212B1682E0" blockId="3.[151,1437,1271,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA98436FF0E69212C79825B" bold="true" box="[196,516,1570,1596]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Definition and diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Assigned to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA98436FCEB69202DCC825B" box="[801,945,1571,1596]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA98436FCEB69202DCC825B" box="[801,945,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ranitomeya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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due to the combination of the following characteristics: small size (<
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<quantity id="D43CD4CBFFA98436FDCF694B2C268205" box="[517,603,1608,1634]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
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SVL), first finger distinctly shorter than second, dorsal coloration conspicuous and bright, dorsal skin smooth, toe webbing absent, maxillary and premaxillary teeth absent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5BDE2AA5FFA9843CFF0E69902BE1835B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFA98431FF0E69902F0D85F5" blockId="3.[151,1437,1271,2007]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,402]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA98436FF0E69902FA282CB" box="[196,479,1683,1708]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
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<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA98436FF0E69902FA282CB" box="[196,479,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ranitomeya yavaricola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from other species of
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<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA98436FC3C69902AFB82CB" box="[1014,1158,1683,1708]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA98436FC3C69902AFB82CB" box="[1014,1158,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ranitomeya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the combination of irregular, pale turquoise spots and stripes on the dorsum, solid-bronze limbs, and irregular sky-blue spots on the ventral surface of the upper thighs.
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<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA98436FDA469DE2DF18291" box="[622,908,1757,1782]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavovittata">
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<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA98436FDA469DE2DF18291" box="[622,908,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ranitomeya flavovittata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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possesses irregular, bright yellow spots and stripes (often broken) on the dorsum (vs. pale turquoise in
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<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA98436FCBC68002A63837B" box="[886,1054,1795,1820]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
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<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA98436FCBC68002A63837B" box="[886,1054,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R. yavaricola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Additionally, the limbs of
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<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA98436FA4868002F618326" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavovittata">
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<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA98436FA4868002F618326" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R. flavovittata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are black with light blue reticulation (vs. limbs solid bronze in
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<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA98436FBC6682B2AD48326" box="[1036,1193,1832,1857]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
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<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA98436FBC6682B2AD48326" box="[1036,1193,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R. yavaricola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and
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<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA98436FB3F682B2BE68326" box="[1269,1435,1832,1857]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavovittata">
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<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA98436FB3F682B2BE68326" box="[1269,1435,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R. flavovittata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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typically possesses a complete (to nearly complete) yellow median dorsal stripe and lacks conspicuous spots on the ventral surface of the upper thighs (vs. median dorsal stripe absent and ventral thigh spots present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA98436FA4968702F6983D6" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA98436FA4968702F6983D6" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R. yavaricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA98436FEE6689B2C4F83D6" box="[300,562,1944,1969]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanzolinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA98436FEE6689B2C4F83D6" box="[300,562,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ranitomeya vanzolinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses bright yellow dorsal spotting, light blue reticulation on a ground color of black on limbs, and lacks conspicuous spots on the ventral surface of the upper thighs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA98431FAC568BE2F6284D6" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA98431FAC568BE2F6284D6" italics="true" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ranitomeya yavaricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar in appearance to the nominal morph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFAE8431FC696F9B2ACC84D6" box="[931,1201,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Excidobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="captivus">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFAE8431FC696F9B2ACC84D6" box="[931,1201,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Excidobates captivus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFAE8431FB3B6F9B2F3584B1" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Adelphobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="castaneoticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFAE8431FB3B6F9B2F3584B1" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Adelphobates castaneoticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The nominal morph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFAE8431FD436FBE2DE184B1" box="[649,924,189,214]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Excidobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="captivus">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFAE8431FD436FBE2DE184B1" box="[649,924,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Excidobates captivus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has dull brown limbs (vs. bronze in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFAE8431FA4B6FBE2F69849C" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFAE8431FA4B6FBE2F69849C" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">R. yavaricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), bears yellow spots on the flanks (vs. flank spots absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFAE8431FC1F6FE12A0F849C" box="[981,1138,226,251]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFAE8431FC1F6FE12A0F849C" box="[981,1138,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">R. yavaricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and has paired reddishorange dorsolateral dashes (vs. dorsolateral spots and stripes pale turquoise to spring green in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFAE8431FB266E0B2BF78546" box="[1260,1418,264,289]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFAE8431FB266E0B2BF78546" box="[1260,1418,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">R. yavaricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFAE8431FF5D6E2E2FA28521" box="[151,479,301,326]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Adelphobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="castaneoticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFAE8431FF5D6E2E2FA28521" box="[151,479,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Adelphobates castaneoticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger in size (SVL up
|
||
<quantity id="D43CD4CBFFAE8431FCD96E2E2D168520" box="[787,875,301,327]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
|
||
), lacks the inner metacarpal tubercle, and lacks distinct bronze limbs. Furthermore, it has conspicuous red flash-marks on the upper surface of the forearms, thighs, and calves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="47BB29A6FFAE8431FF5D6A3D2A8C8131" box="[151,1265,1342,1366]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194911/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[158,1428,465,1310]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFAE8431FF5D6A3D2A8C8131" blockId="4.[151,1265,1342,1366]" box="[151,1265,1342,1366]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFAE8431FF5D6A3D2F648131" bold="true" box="[151,281,1342,1366]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal and ventral views of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFAE8431FD876A3C2D388131" box="[589,837,1343,1366]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFAE8431FD876A3C2D388131" box="[589,837,1343,1366]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ranitomeya yavaricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3A831847FFAE8431FC866A3D2DDC8131" box="[844,929,1342,1366]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFAE8431FC866A3D2DDC8131" bold="true" box="[844,929,1342,1366]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from Lago Preto, Loreto, Peru.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFAE8431FF0E6A7D2DB48184" blockId="4.[151,1437,1406,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFAE8431FF0E6A7D2C0281FF" bold="true" box="[196,639,1406,1432]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Measurements (in mm) of
|
||
<typeStatus id="CC7FC78CFFAE8431FDC66A7D2C0781FF" box="[524,634,1406,1432]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The male
|
||
<typeStatus id="CC7FC78CFFAE8431FD306A7C2D1D81FE" box="[762,864,1407,1433]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BFF65ABFFAE8431FCBA6A7C2DC881FE" box="[880,949,1407,1433]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,860,884]" captionTargetBox="[413,1181,214,836]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[405,1181,197,836]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Type series of Ranitomeya yavaricola with corresponding ventral photos. Left to right: MZUNAP- 01 - 519, MZUNAP- 01 - 518, MZUNAP- 01 - 520. Bar equals 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194912/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) has SVL 15.2; FL 7.1; TL 7.2; KK 13.1; FoL 4.9; HaL3.4; HL 5.5; HW 5.0; BW 4.3; UEW 2.3; IOD 2.2;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6BD339BEFFAE8431FC5A6AA72DB981D9" box="[912,964,1444,1470]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">IND</collectingCountry>
|
||
1.8; TD 0.9; ED 1.9; DET 0.5; L1F 1.9; L2F 2.2; W3D 0.9; W3F 0.3. For
|
||
<typeStatus id="CC7FC78CFFAE8431FDE96ACA2CF58184" box="[547,648,1481,1507]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
measurements see
|
||
<tableCitation id="5E464C95FFAE8431FCA16ACA2DBE8184" box="[875,963,1481,1507]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[124,211,613,636]" captionTargetBox="[141,1894,711,1598]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of type series of R. yavaricola (MZUNAP- 01 - 518 - MZUNAP- 01 - 520) and additional specimens that were not collected. * Sexing based upon calling activity ** observed courting with male number 8" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/47BB29A6FFAF8430FFB66D662CFC86FA" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" tableUuid="47BB29A6FFAF8430FFB66D662CFC86FA">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFAE8431FF0C6AED2D6B82A4" blockId="4.[151,1437,1406,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFAE8431FF0C6AED2F89826F" bold="true" box="[198,500,1518,1544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="CC7FC78CFFAE8431FE4B6AED2F92826F" box="[385,495,1518,1544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Widest part of head at jaw articulations. Head width slightly wider than body. Tongue ovoid; teeth absent. Snout sloping and rounded in lateral profile, slightly blunted in dorsal profile. Nares situated at tip of snout and directed laterally; both nares visible from ventral and anterior view but not from dorsal view. Canthus rostralis rounded, loreal region flat and nearly vertical. Upper eyelid approximately equal in width to interorbital distance; internarial distance roughly equal to horizontal eye diameter. Tympanum round, partially concealed posterodorsally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFAE8431FF0E69CC2A2A8369" blockId="4.[151,1437,1406,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">In life, skin texture nearly smooth on dorsal surfaces of body and head; limbs and rump weakly granular. Venter weakly granular on limbs and body, ventral surface of head nearly smooth.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFAE8431FF0E681A2A928389" blockId="4.[151,1437,1406,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Hands (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BFF65ABFFAE8431FED5681A2F1B8354" box="[287,358,1817,1843]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1995,2019]" captionTargetBox="[237,1350,979,1954]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[222,1356,967,1967]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Right hand and right foot of Ranitomeya yavaricola." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194913/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) relatively large, length 22 % of SVL. Relative length of appressed fingers III> IV> II> I; first finger 90 % length of second; finger discs greatly expanded, width of disc on finger III 2.6 times width of adjacent phalanx. Unpigmented median metacarpal tubercle present on base of palm; inner metacarpal tubercle present near base of finger I; unpigmented proximal subarticular tubercles present on base of each digit, except on finger I, where tubercle is part-way up the digit; distal subarticular tubercle visible only on finger III. All tubercles raised above level of hands; scutes present on dorsal surface of fingers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="47BB29A6FFAF8430FFB66D662CFC86FA" ID-Table-UUID="47BB29A6FFAF8430FFB66D662CFC86FA" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/47BB29A6FFAF8430FFB66D662CFC86FA" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[141,1894,711,1598]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFAF8430FFB66D662CFC86FA" blockId="5.[124,1962,612,669]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFAF8430FFB66D662E92861B" bold="true" box="[124,239,613,636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements of type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFAF8430FD8E6D672CAD861C" box="[580,720,612,635]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFAF8430FD8E6D672CAD861C" box="[580,720,612,635]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">R. yavaricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MZUNAP-01-518 - MZUNAP-01-520) and additional specimens that were not collected. *Sexing based upon calling activity ** observed courting with male number 8
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFAF8430FF2F6DC428C38259" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<table id="61C48B8EFFAF7BCAFF476DC4291B8259" box="[141,1894,711,1598]" gridcols="17" gridrows="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<tr id="ADF47B6CFFAF7BCAFF476DC4291B8762" box="[141,1894,711,773]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFF2F6DC42F2F8762" box="[229,338,711,773]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MZUNAP -01-518</th>
|
||
<th id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFEA46DC42FA18762" box="[366,476,711,773]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MZUNAP -01-520</th>
|
||
<th id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFE376DC42C178762" box="[509,618,711,773]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MZUNAP -01-519</th>
|
||
<th id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFD416DC42CC48762" box="[651,697,711,773]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1</th>
|
||
<th id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFD186DC42D7D8762" box="[722,768,711,773]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</th>
|
||
<th id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFCD36DC42D3A8762" box="[793,839,711,773]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3</th>
|
||
<th id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFCA76DC42DE68762" box="[877,923,711,773]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4</th>
|
||
<th id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFC076DC42D868762" box="[973,1019,711,773]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5</th>
|
||
<th id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFBE46DC42A218762" box="[1070,1116,711,773]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6</th>
|
||
<th id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFB456DC42AC08762" box="[1167,1213,711,773]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7</th>
|
||
<th id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFB206DC42B648762" box="[1258,1305,711,773]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">8</th>
|
||
<th id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFA8F6DC42B0F8762" box="[1349,1394,711,773]" gridcol="12" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">9</th>
|
||
<th id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFA556DC42BB08762" box="[1439,1485,711,773]" gridcol="13" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">10</th>
|
||
<th id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFA346DC428518762" box="[1534,1580,711,773]" gridcol="14" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">11</th>
|
||
<th id="EE251210FFAF7BCAF9916DC428F48762" box="[1627,1673,711,773]" gridcol="15" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">12</th>
|
||
<th id="EE251210FFAF7BCAF97B6DC4291B8762" box="[1713,1894,711,773]" gridcol="16" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mean (Max-Min)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ADF47B6CFFAF7BCAFF476C14291B871B" box="[141,1894,791,892]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFF476C142EB5871B" box="[141,200,791,892]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">SVL FL TL</th>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFF2F6C142F2F871B" box="[229,338,791,892]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17.2 7.0 7.5</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFEA46C142FA1871B" box="[366,476,791,892]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">15.2 7.1 7.2</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFE376C142C17871B" box="[509,618,791,892]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">16.8 7.0 7.3</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFD416C142CC4871B" box="[651,697,791,892]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">15.5 7.2 6.8</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFD186C142D7D871B" box="[722,768,791,892]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">16.0 7.7 7.5</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFCD36C142D3A871B" box="[793,839,791,892]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">16.2 7.4 7.1</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFCA76C142DE6871B" box="[877,923,791,892]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">16.2 7.5 7.2</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFC076C142D86871B" box="[973,1019,791,892]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">15.9 7.0 7.4</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFBE46C142A21871B" box="[1070,1116,791,892]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17.1 8.0 6.9</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFB456C142AC0871B" box="[1167,1213,791,892]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">16.7 7.6 7.6</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFB206C142B64871B" box="[1258,1305,791,892]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">16.6 7.5 7.6</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFA8F6C142B0F871B" box="[1349,1394,791,892]" gridcol="12" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17.7 7.9 7.5</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFA556C142BB0871B" box="[1439,1485,791,892]" gridcol="13" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">16.7 8.0 7.2</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFA346C142851871B" box="[1534,1580,791,892]" gridcol="14" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">15.9 7.2 7.2</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAF9916C1428F4871B" box="[1627,1673,791,892]" gridcol="15" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">16.7 7.0 7.3</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAF97B6C14291B871B" box="[1713,1894,791,892]" gridcol="16" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">16.4 (17.7 15.2) 7.4 (8.0 7.0) 7.3 (7.6 6.8)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ADF47B6CFFAF7BCAFF476C8E291B8027" box="[141,1894,909,1088]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFF476C8E2EB58027" box="[141,200,909,1088]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">KK FoL HaL HL HW</th>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFF2F6C8E2F2F8027" box="[229,338,909,1088]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.8 6.1 3.8 6.1 5.3</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFEA46C8E2FA18027" box="[366,476,909,1088]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">13.1 4.9 3.4 5.5 5.0</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFE376C8E2C178027" box="[509,618,909,1088]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.0 5.5 3.8 5.9 5.1</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFD416C8E2CC48027" box="[651,697,909,1088]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">13.8 5.7 3.8 5.8 5.4</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFD186C8E2D7D8027" box="[722,768,909,1088]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.8 6.2 4.0 6.2 5.4</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFCD36C8E2D3A8027" box="[793,839,909,1088]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.2 6.4 4.0 6.6 5.9</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFCA76C8E2DE68027" box="[877,923,909,1088]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">13.7 5.9 3.9 6.2 5.4</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFC076C8E2D868027" box="[973,1019,909,1088]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.3 5.6 4.1 6.2 5.5</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFBE46C8E2A218027" box="[1070,1116,909,1088]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.2 6.0 4.0 6.4 5.6</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFB456C8E2AC08027" box="[1167,1213,909,1088]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.4 6.4 4.0 5.9 5.4</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFB206C8E2B648027" box="[1258,1305,909,1088]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.9 5.9 4.2 5.8 5.6</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFA8F6C8E2B0F8027" box="[1349,1394,909,1088]" gridcol="12" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.7 6.0 4.2 5.9 5.7</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFA556C8E2BB08027" box="[1439,1485,909,1088]" gridcol="13" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.5 6.6 3.9 6.3 5.7</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFA346C8E28518027" box="[1534,1580,909,1088]" gridcol="14" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.0 6.0 4.0 6.2 5.5</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAF9916C8E28F48027" box="[1627,1673,909,1088]" gridcol="15" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.1 6.5 4.2 6.5 5.4</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAF97B6C8E291B8027" box="[1713,1894,909,1088]" gridcol="16" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.2 (14.9 13.1) 6.0 (6.6 4.9) 4.0 (4.2 3.4) 6.1 (6.6 5.5) 5.5 (5.9 5.0)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ADF47B6CFFAF7BCAFF476B52291B8135" box="[141,1894,1105,1362]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFF476B522EB58135" box="[141,200,1105,1362]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BW UEW IOD IND TD ED DET</th>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFF2F6B522F2F8135" box="[229,338,1105,1362]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4.3 2.6 2.3 1.9 0.9 1.9 0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFEA46B522FA18135" box="[366,476,1105,1362]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4.3 2.3 2.2 1.8 0.9 1.9 0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFE376B522C178135" box="[509,618,1105,1362]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.4 2.4 2.3 2.1 0.9 2.2 0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFD416B522CC48135" box="[651,697,1105,1362]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.2 2.5 2.2 2.0 0.7 2.0 0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFD186B522D7D8135" box="[722,768,1105,1362]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.9 2.7 2.5 2.3 0.5 2.0 0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFCD36B522D3A8135" box="[793,839,1105,1362]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4.9 2.9 2.3 2.2 1.1 2.0 0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFCA76B522DE68135" box="[877,923,1105,1362]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.5 2.6 2.2 2.2 0.8 2.0 0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFC076B522D868135" box="[973,1019,1105,1362]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.3 2.8 2.2 2.2 0.7 2.1 0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFBE46B522A218135" box="[1070,1116,1105,1362]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.7 2.6 2.2 2.3 0.7 1.9 0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFB456B522AC08135" box="[1167,1213,1105,1362]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.4 2.6 2.5 2.3 0.5 2.1 0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFB206B522B648135" box="[1258,1305,1105,1362]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.6 2.4 2.0 2.2 0.7 1.9 0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFA8F6B522B0F8135" box="[1349,1394,1105,1362]" gridcol="12" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6.1 2.4 2.1 2.4 0.9 2.0 0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFA556B522BB08135" box="[1439,1485,1105,1362]" gridcol="13" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.6 2.8 2.3 2.0 0.9 2.1 0.8</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFA346B5228518135" box="[1534,1580,1105,1362]" gridcol="14" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.1 2.7 2.6 2.3 0.9 1.8 0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAF9916B5228F48135" box="[1627,1673,1105,1362]" gridcol="15" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.8 2.0 2.6 2.2 1.3 2.0 0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAF97B6B52291B8135" box="[1713,1894,1105,1362]" gridcol="16" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.3 (6.1 4.3) 2.6 (2.9 2.0) 2.3 (2.6 2.0) 2.2 (2.4 1.8) 0.8 (1.3 0.5) 2.0 (2.2 1.8) 0.5 (0.8 0.3)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ADF47B6CFFAF7BCAFF476A60291B8188" box="[141,1894,1379,1519]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFF476A602EB58188" box="[141,200,1379,1519]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L1F L2F W3D W3F</th>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFF2F6A602F2F8188" box="[229,338,1379,1519]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.8 2.5 0.8 0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFEA46A602FA18188" box="[366,476,1379,1519]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.9 2.2 0.9 0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFE376A602C178188" box="[509,618,1379,1519]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.1 2.2 0.9 0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFD416A602CC48188" box="[651,697,1379,1519]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.0 2.6 1.0 0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFD186A602D7D8188" box="[722,768,1379,1519]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.1 2.8 1.0 0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFCD36A602D3A8188" box="[793,839,1379,1519]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.0 2.8 1.1 0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFCA76A602DE68188" box="[877,923,1379,1519]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.0 2.6 1.0 0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFC076A602D868188" box="[973,1019,1379,1519]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.9 2.9 1.0 0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFBE46A602A218188" box="[1070,1116,1379,1519]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.2 3.0 1.1 0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFB456A602AC08188" box="[1167,1213,1379,1519]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.0 2.5 1.0 0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFB206A602B648188" box="[1258,1305,1379,1519]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.1 2.9 1.0 0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFA8F6A602B0F8188" box="[1349,1394,1379,1519]" gridcol="12" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.1 2.9 1.0 0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFA556A602BB08188" box="[1439,1485,1379,1519]" gridcol="13" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.0 2.8 1.1 0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFA346A6028518188" box="[1534,1580,1379,1519]" gridcol="14" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.0 2.5 1.1 0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAF9916A6028F48188" box="[1627,1673,1379,1519]" gridcol="15" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.1 2.8 1.1 0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAF97B6A60291B8188" box="[1713,1894,1379,1519]" gridcol="16" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.0 (2.2 1.8) 2.7 (3.0 2.2) 1.1 (2.0 0.8) 0.4 (0.5 0.3)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ADF47B6CFFAF7BCAFF476903291B8259" box="[141,1894,1536,1598]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFF4769032EB58259" box="[141,200,1536,1598]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BM SEX</th>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFF2F69032F2F8259" box="[229,338,1536,1598]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">- 3</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFEA469032FA18259" box="[366,476,1536,1598]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">- Ƥ</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFE3769032C178259" box="[509,618,1536,1598]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">- 3</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFD4169032CC48259" box="[651,697,1536,1598]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.3 *</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFD1869032D7D8259" box="[722,768,1536,1598]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.3 3*</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFCD369032D3A8259" box="[793,839,1536,1598]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.4 3*</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFCA769032DE68259" box="[877,923,1536,1598]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.3 3*</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFC0769032D868259" box="[973,1019,1536,1598]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.3 3*</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFBE469032A218259" box="[1070,1116,1536,1598]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.4 3*</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFB4569032AC08259" box="[1167,1213,1536,1598]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.4 3*</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFB2069032B648259" box="[1258,1305,1536,1598]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.5 3*</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFA8F69032B0F8259" box="[1349,1394,1536,1598]" gridcol="12" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
0.5 Ƥ
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFAF8430FA9269262B11825A" box="[1368,1388,1573,1597]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">**</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFA5569032BB08259" box="[1439,1485,1536,1598]" gridcol="13" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.4 3*</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAFA34690328518259" box="[1534,1580,1536,1598]" gridcol="14" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.3 _</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAF991690328F48259" box="[1627,1673,1536,1598]" gridcol="15" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.4 _</td>
|
||
<td id="EE251210FFAF7BCAF97B6903291B8259" box="[1713,1894,1536,1598]" gridcol="16" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.4 (0.5 0.3) _</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="47BB29A6FFAC8433FF5D6C5F2D7B87F4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194912/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[413,1181,214,836]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFAC8433FF5D6C5F2D7B87F4" blockId="6.[151,1436,860,915]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFAC8433FF5D6C5F2F678713" bold="true" box="[151,282,860,884]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFAC8433FE0A6C5F2CC48714" box="[448,697,860,883]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFAC8433FE0A6C5F2CC48714" box="[448,697,860,883]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ranitomeya yavaricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with corresponding ventral photos. Left to right: MZUNAP-01-519, MZUNAP-01-518, MZUNAP-01-520. Bar equals 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="47BB29A6FFAC8433FF5D68C82D2D8385" box="[151,848,1995,2019]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194913/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[237,1350,979,1954]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFAC8433FF5D68C82D2D8385" blockId="6.[151,848,1995,2019]" box="[151,848,1995,2019]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFAC8433FF5D68C82F648384" bold="true" box="[151,281,1995,2019]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Right hand and right foot of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFAC8433FD9B68C82D318385" box="[593,844,1995,2018]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">Ranitomeya yavaricola</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="47BB29A6FFAD8432FF5D689A2A7883B6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194914/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[156,1429,211,1909]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFAD8432FF5D689A2A7883B6" blockId="7.[151,1437,1945,2001]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFAD8432FF5D689A2F5F83D6" bold="true" box="[151,290,1945,1969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Intrapopulation variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFAD8432FDBE68992DFD83D6" box="[628,896,1946,1969]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFAD8432FDBE68992DFD83D6" box="[628,896,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ranitomeya yavaricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Each row shows the dorsum and venter of an individual. The first three rows are adult males and the last row is an adult female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="47BB29A6FFA2843DFF5D6BCD2D838161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194915/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[161,1409,229,1192]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFA2843DFF5D6BCD2D838161" blockId="8.[151,1437,1230,1286]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA2843DFF5D6BCD2F6F8081" bold="true" box="[151,274,1230,1254]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
|
||
. Tadpole of
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA2843DFE536BCC2CE48081" box="[409,665,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA2843DFE536BCC2CE98081" box="[409,660,1231,1254]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">Ranitomeya yavaricola</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Top: lateral and dorsal views of a Gosner Stage 25 tadpole. Bottom left: ventral view of tadpole. Bottom right: mouthparts of the tadpole of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA2843DFCAC6BEC2D878161" box="[870,1018,1263,1286]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">R. yavaricola</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFA2843DFF0E6A372C12821E" blockId="8.[151,1437,1332,1993]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6BD339BEFFA2843DFF0E6A372F7D8129" box="[196,256,1332,1358]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
limbs moderate length, with heel of appressed hind limbs reaching level of eye. Femur and tibia roughly equal in length, femur 99 % length of tibia; knee–knee distance 86% of SVL. Relative lengths of appressed toes IV> III> V> II> I (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BFF65ABFFA2843DFD9D6A7C2CDF81FE" box="[599,674,1407,1433]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1995,2019]" captionTargetBox="[237,1350,979,1954]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[222,1356,967,1967]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Right hand and right foot of Ranitomeya yavaricola." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194913/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); first toe short with unexpanded disc; second toe with slightly expanded disc, discs on toes III–V moderately expanded. Two unpigmented metatarsal tubercles on base of foot, one situated medially near base of toe I, the other situated laterally at the base of the fifth metatarsal. Proximal subarticular tubercles present at base of each toe but most notable on toes I, II, III due to lack of pigmentation. Toes III and V with two large subarticular tubercles, toe IV with three subarticular tubercles. Tarsal keel extends from below knee to medial metatarsal tubercle at foot. Tarsal tubercle absent; feet and hands lack webbing and lateral fringing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFA2843DFF0E69872FBD8319" blockId="8.[151,1437,1332,1993]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA2843DFF0E69872F1582F9" bold="true" box="[196,360,1668,1694]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Color in life.</emphasis>
|
||
In life, body black with metallic sage-green dashes anterior and posterior to each eye, a single spot between eyes; metallic-sage dorsolateral stripes extend from upper thighs to shoulders where they each form a single dash. Broad sage oblique-lateral lines extend from the axillae to groin, where they fuse with a large spot on upper surfaces of each thigh. Broad labial stripe present, continues posteriorly to upper surfaces of arms. Limbs and digits solid bronze. Paired sage dashes on underside of thighs. Underside of head sage with two pairs of gular spots, creating appearance of an hourglass. Venter black with coarse, irregular sage marbling. Iris black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFA2843DFF0E688A2FD483AE" blockId="8.[151,1437,1332,1993]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA2843DFF0E688A2F9683C4" bold="true" box="[196,491,1929,1955]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Color in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||
In preservative, turquoise/sky-blue coloration turns grey and bronze limb coloration turns brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFA3843CFF0E6F942E9B8521" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA3843CFF0E6F942C4284D6" bold="true" box="[196,575,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Variation (based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="05C2B2A7FFA3843CFE746F942C4F84D6" box="[446,562,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">15 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adults
|
||
<quantity id="D43CD4CBFFA3843CFD516F9B2D3984D5" box="[667,836,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.645" metricValueMax="1.77" metricValueMin="1.52" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="16.45" valueMax="17.7" valueMin="15.2">15.2–17.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL (mean
|
||
<quantity id="D43CD4CBFFA3843CFC136F9B2A3884D5" box="[985,1093,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="16.4">16.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Head about as wide as body except in single gravid female whose body was wider than the head. Head width 98 % of body width (range 81–109 %). Head width 30–36 % of SVL in adults. No apparent sexual dimorphism in external morphology except that males possess faint vocal slits on the floor of the mouth and have a slightly expanded subgular pouch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFA3843CFF0E6E512C8885D1" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The completeness of dorsolateral and medial lateral stripes varies considerably between individuals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BFF65ABFFA3843CFAA66E512ED585F6" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,260,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,211,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,197,1922]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Intrapopulation variation of Ranitomeya yavaricola. Each row shows the dorsum and venter of an individual. The first three rows are adult males and the last row is an adult female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194914/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Line/dash/spot coloration varies subtly between a sky-blue to a very light bluish-yellow to pale sage-green, with a majority of individuals being light turquoise.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFA3843CFF0E6EC22B778617" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Venter coloration is typically darker than dorsal coloration and is less variable, being predominantly skyblue. Ventral ground coloration varies from dark brown to black. Venter reticulation is largely symmetrical and often forms a broad, irregular, black medial-stripe in half of the specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BFF65ABFFA3843CFBA66D0F2ACA8641" box="[1132,1207,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,260,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,211,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,197,1922]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Intrapopulation variation of Ranitomeya yavaricola. Each row shows the dorsum and venter of an individual. The first three rows are adult males and the last row is an adult female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194914/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Most individuals possess a large gular spot in the center of the throat (80 %). In all individuals, sky-blue dashes are present on the ventral surface of the upper thighs, though their size varies considerably between individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFA3843CFF0E6D782BFF8687" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Hands relatively large, length 22–26 % of SVL. First finger 65–95 % length of second; finger discs moderately expanded in both males and females, width of disc on finger
|
||
<date id="677A5FEEFFA3843CFBC76DA22A3F86DC" box="[1037,1090,673,699]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">III 2</date>
|
||
–3.6 times width of adjacent phalanx. Tibia 86–107 % length of femur (mean 99 %); knee–knee distance 82–92 % of SVL (mean 87 %).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFA3843CFF0C6DE92CE48728" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA3843CFF0C6DE92C228763" bold="true" box="[198,607,746,772]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tadpole measurements (in mm).</emphasis>
|
||
A stage 25 tadpole (MZUNAP-01-521) was used for the description (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BFF65ABFFA3843CFF6A6C132E97874D" box="[160,234,784,810]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1230,1254]" captionTargetBox="[161,1409,229,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[152,1435,194,1209]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tadpole of Ranitomeya yavaricola. Top: lateral and dorsal views of a Gosner Stage 25 tadpole. Bottom left: ventral view of tadpole. Bottom right: mouthparts of the tadpole of R. yavaricola." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194915/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Total length 12.5; body length 4.7; internarial distance 0.9; eye to nares distance 0.8; eye diameter 0.5; interorbital distance 0.7; tail length 7.8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFA3843CFF0E6C592B74806E" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA3843CFF0E6C592FBB8713" bold="true" box="[196,454,858,884]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tadpole description.</emphasis>
|
||
Snout rounded when viewed from above; body ovoid in dorsal view. Eyes dorsal, angled laterally, pupils white in preservative. Nares not forming tube, situated half-way between eye and tip of snout, directed dorsolaterally. Spiracle sinistral; vent dextral. Ventral tail fin begins at tail base, dorsal tail fin begins just posterior to plane of vent opening, ventral and dorsal fins relatively uniform in thickness throughout tail, tapering towards tip. Musculature depth uniform throughout, tapering toward tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFA3843CFF0E6B172E938169" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Mouth directed anteroventrally. Oral disc emarginate, anterior and posterior labia forming flaps free from body wall,
|
||
<quantity id="D43CD4CBFFA3843CFED56B392F008033" box="[287,381,1082,1108]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width. Marginal papillae absent on anterior labium, present in one complete row on posterior labium. Papillae rounded; submarginal papillae absent. Jaw sheaths deep in longitudinal width, serrate, lacking indentations. Lateral processes short, extending barely past lower jaw. Labial tooth row formula is 2(2)/3[1]. A-1 complete (62 teeth), A-2 with medial gap (34 teeth), same width as A-1. P-1 with medial gap (46 teeth), P-2 (44 teeth), and P-3 complete (44 teeth); P-1 and P-2 equal width, P-3 slightly shorter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFA3843CFF0E6A1B2C9C81C4" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA3843CFF0E6A1B2F128155" bold="true" box="[196,367,1304,1330]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Color in Life.</emphasis>
|
||
In life, the head appears light grey. Pigmentation on dorsum mottled brown, ground color weakly transparent. Eyes black, papillae white. Ventral coloration is transparent (most internal organs are visible) with irregular faint red flecking that is dense around mouth and nares. Tail musculature white with abundant brown mottling, fins almost transparent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFA3843CFF0E6AAE2BFC81AF" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2038]" box="[196,1409,1453,1480]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA3843CFF0E6AAE2FA881A0" bold="true" box="[196,469,1453,1479]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Color in Preservative.</emphasis>
|
||
In preservative, coloration is identical, though red pigmentation turns to brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFA3843CFF0E6AD12FF082C0" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA3843CFF0E6AD12F16818B" bold="true" box="[196,363,1490,1516]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Vocalizations</emphasis>
|
||
. The following values are presented as: min-max (average ± SD, number of individuals). The advertisement call is a short trilled note (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BFF65ABFFA3843CFD6F6AFB2C978275" box="[677,746,1528,1554]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,256,1393,1417]" captionTargetBox="[152,1428,200,1392]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,177,1401]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Advertisement calls of members of the vanzolinii group that occur in close geographic proximity to Lago Preto. Space between notes was reduced so that two notes would fit into spectrogram. A) R. imitator from San Gabriel de Varadero, Loreto, Peru recorded at 23.5 ° C. Dominant frequency: 4900 Hz. Mean note length: 1.1 sec. Actual space between notes (not as pictured): 8.2 sec. Note: the note length in this spectrogram is longer than the average for this species (which is 0.7 sec, see Vocalization section), however, as mentioned above, we used this population given its close proximity to Lago Preto. B) R. flavovittata from Quebrada Blanco, Loreto, Peru recorded at 24.5 ° C. Dominant frequency: 5500 Hz. Mean note length: 1.0 sec. Space between notes (as pictured): 4.3 sec. C) R. yavaricola from Lago Preto recorded at 24 ° C. Dominant frequency: 5950 Hz. Mean note length: 0.8 sec. Actual space between notes (not as picture): 16.3 sec." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194916/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) with duration between 630–880 ms (760 ± 140 ms, 7) and is repeated at irregular intervals of 2–7 notes per minute (3.14 ± 1.80 notes per minute, 6). Each note consists of 20–27 pulses (mean = 24). Calling activity is sporadic and continues throughout daylight, but peaks in the early morning and late afternoon. Dominant frequency is 5400–6000 Hz (5600 ± 2000 Hz, 5) at temperatures between 24.5–26 °C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFA3843CFF0E69B12BE1835B" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA3843CFE8269B12F9882AC" box="[328,485,1714,1739]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA3843CFE8269B12F9882AC" box="[328,485,1714,1739]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. yavaricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sounds similar to the calls of other species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA3843CFBED69B12AE682AC" box="[1063,1179,1714,1739]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanzolinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA3843CFBED69B12AE682AC" box="[1063,1179,1714,1739]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">vanzolinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, although there are some slight differences within this group.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA3843CFD7869DB2DB78296" box="[690,970,1752,1777]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavovittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA3843CFD7869DB2DB78296" box="[690,970,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ranitomeya flavovittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has slightly longer notes (1 sec vs. 760 ms in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA3843CFF2B69FE2FFF8371" box="[225,386,1789,1814]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA3843CFF2B69FE2FFF8371" box="[225,386,1789,1814]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. yavaricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA3843CFE5169FE2CED8371" box="[411,656,1789,1814]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA3843CFE5169FE2CED8371" box="[411,656,1789,1814]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ranitomeya imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA3843CFD6869FE2CCC8371" box="[674,689,1789,1814]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 25) has a call that is slightly shorter in duration (686 ms vs. 760 ms in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA3843CFEDB68212FD3835C" box="[273,430,1826,1851]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA3843CFEDB68212FD3835C" box="[273,430,1826,1851]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. yavaricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and has a slightly lower dominant frequency (5200 Hz vs 5600 Hz in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA3843CFB2768212BF6835C" box="[1261,1419,1826,1851]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA3843CFB2768212BF6835C" box="[1261,1419,1826,1851]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. yavaricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5BDE2AA5FFA3843CFF0C68442E8B8391" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFA3843CFF0C68442E8B8391" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA3843CFF0C68442C1D8306" bold="true" box="[198,608,1863,1889]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution and natural history</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA3843CFDB868442DF88307" box="[626,901,1863,1888]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA3843CFDB868442DF88307" box="[626,901,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ranitomeya yavaricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in primary forests in a small area of northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6BD339BEFFA3843CFEFC686F2F0F83E1" box="[310,370,1900,1926]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This species likely occurs more widely within the broad interfluvium bordered by the Ucayali, Amazon, Yavarí, and Blanco rivers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BFF65ABFFA3843CFD6568922C8883CC" box="[687,757,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,257,1534,1558]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,495,1509]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,495,1510]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of study areas. Lago Preto, the type locality of R. yavaricola sp. nov., is depicted by a yellow dot. Nueva Capanahua community, the type locality of R. cyanovittata sp. nov., is depicted by a blue dot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194910/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Much of the area bordering these rivers is seasonally or permanently flooded and it is possible that these large expanses impose limits to this species’ distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BFF65ABFFA3843CFF5568DF2E9B8391" box="[159,230,2012,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,256,1235,1259]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,346,1211]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,346,1211]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Distributions of Ranitomeya that occur within the forests bordered by the Ucayali, Amazon, Yavarí, and Blanco rivers. The blue color depicts areas that are prone to flooding or that are permanently flooded. These areas likely act as barriers to gene flow for most Ranitomeya species. Each colored circle represents the corresponding species at each site. The white dot depicts the only known locality of the R. cyanovittata. The area that becomes seasonally flooded was calculated from two data sources: areas classified as Várzea by the World Wildlife Foundation (Olson et al. 2001) and spatial calculations in Environmental Systems Research Institute’s GIS ArcView 9.2 that estimated the seasonally flooded areas. The latter was done by calculating the feet above sea-level of major streams that seasonally flooded throughout the area. These values were kriged to create a raster that accounted for elevation changes relative to level of the major rivers. The resulting raster was subtracted from a digital elevation model, and areas below 10 meters were classified as “ seasonally flooded ”.) Both the Varzea and “ floodable ” areas were summed to create the blue layer area depicted here. Ten meters is an average the annual fluctuation in river levels for the lower Ucayali, upper Amazon, and lower Yavari rivers (Goulding et al. 2003)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194917/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="47BB29A6FFA0843FFF5D6A722F2B82EF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194916/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[152,1428,200,1392]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFA0843FFF5D6A722F2B82EF" blockId="10.[151,1437,1393,1672]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA0843FFF5D6A722F6781EE" bold="true" box="[151,282,1393,1417]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Advertisement calls of members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA0843FFD1A6A722D4681EF" box="[720,827,1393,1416]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanzolinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA0843FFD1A6A722D4681EF" box="[720,827,1393,1416]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">vanzolinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group that occur in close geographic proximity to Lago Preto. Space between notes was reduced so that two notes would fit into spectrogram.
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA0843FFBE36A922A3881CE" bold="true" box="[1065,1093,1425,1449]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA0843FFB816A922AC381CF" box="[1099,1214,1425,1448]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA0843FFB816A922AC381CF" box="[1099,1214,1425,1448]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from San Gabriel de Varadero, Loreto, Peru recorded at 23.5° C. Dominant frequency: 4900 Hz. Mean note length: 1.1 sec. Actual space between notes (not as pictured): 8.2 sec. Note: the note length in this spectrogram is longer than the average for this species (which is 0.7 sec, see
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA0843FFE1B6AF22C28826F" box="[465,597,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Vocalization</emphasis>
|
||
section), however, as mentioned above, we used this population given its close proximity to Lago Preto.
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA0843FFE7669122FB3824E" bold="true" box="[444,462,1553,1577]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA0843FFE2B69122CF8824F" box="[481,645,1553,1576]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavovittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA0843FFE2B69122CF8824F" box="[481,645,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. flavovittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Quebrada Blanco, Loreto, Peru recorded at 24.5° C. Dominant frequency: 5500 Hz. Mean note length: 1.0 sec. Space between notes (as pictured): 4.3 sec.
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA0843FFBA569322AFF822E" bold="true" box="[1135,1154,1585,1609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA0843FFB5969322B5E822F" box="[1171,1315,1585,1608]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA0843FFB5969322B5E822F" box="[1171,1315,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. yavaricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Lago Preto recorded at 24° C. Dominant frequency: 5950 Hz. Mean note length: 0.8 sec. Actual space between notes (not as picture): 16.3 sec.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5BDE2AA5FFA0843EFF0C69B22AA28685" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFA0843EFF0C69B22C37849B" blockId="10.[151,1437,1713,2038]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,152,812]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA0843FFF0C69B22FA582AD" ID-CoL="4RFBK" box="[198,472,1713,1738]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA0843FFF0C69B22FA582AD" box="[198,472,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ranitomeya yavaricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from forests near Lago Preto (but see discussion). Lago Preto is a large oxbow lake at the confluence of Yavarí and Yavari-Mirin rivers. Near Lago Preto, several forest
|
||
<typeStatus id="CC7FC78CFFA0843FFA9769D52BE68297" box="[1373,1435,1750,1776]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">types</typeStatus>
|
||
are present: seasonally flooded forests, swamp forests that are saturated year-round, and upland
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA0843FFAD369FF2BE18372" box="[1305,1436,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">terra firme</emphasis>
|
||
forests. At Lago Preto,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA0843FFE6068222C35835D" ID-CoL="4RFBK" box="[426,584,1825,1850]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA0843FFE6068222C35835D" box="[426,584,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. yavaricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in upland forests and very low lying forests, just above the flood zone of seasonally flooded forests (i.e.
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA0843FFDBA68442CC28307" box="[624,703,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">várzea</emphasis>
|
||
forests) and swamps. These sites contained many large trees and a relatively sparse understory. The upland forests in this region are some of the most diverse in the Amazon basin, with estimates of tree diversity exceeding 300 species per hectare in some areas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="775504DFFFA0843FFACE68922EA183B7" author="Pitman" pageId="10" pageNumber="22" refString="Pitman, N., Vriesendorp, C. & Moskovits, D. (2003) Rapid biological inventory 11: Peru: Yavari. The Field Museum, Chicago, U. S. A., pp. 1 - 195." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Pitman
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA0843FFAAB68922BE683CD" box="[1377,1435,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="775504DFFFA0843FFF2068B52FC283B7" author="Fine" box="[234,447,1974,2000]" pageId="10" pageNumber="22" refString="Fine, P., Davila, N., Foster, R., Mesones, I. & Vriesendorp, C. (2006) Flora and vegetation. In: Vriesendorp, C., Pitman, N., Rojas-Moscoso, J. I., Pawlak B. A., Rivera-Chavez, L., Calixto-Mendez, L., Vela-Collantes, M., Fasabi-Rimachi, P. F. (Eds), Rapid biological inventory 16: Peru: Matses. The Field Museum, Chicago, U. S. A., pp. 174 - 183." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Fine
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA0843FFEE468B42F0F83B7" box="[302,370,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) These forests are dominated by trees of the families
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA0843FFB4468B52B7A83B7" ID-CoL="623QT" box="[1166,1287,1974,2000]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(legumes),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA0843FFF5D68DF2F468391" box="[151,315,2012,2038]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Bombacaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(“mallows” such as kapoks), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA0843FFD1A68DF2D398391" ID-CoL="CXM" box="[720,836,2012,2038]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(figs) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="775504DFFFA0843FFC5668DF2A238391" author="Fine" box="[924,1118,2012,2038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="22" refString="Fine, P., Davila, N., Foster, R., Mesones, I. & Vriesendorp, C. (2006) Flora and vegetation. In: Vriesendorp, C., Pitman, N., Rojas-Moscoso, J. I., Pawlak B. A., Rivera-Chavez, L., Calixto-Mendez, L., Vela-Collantes, M., Fasabi-Rimachi, P. F. (Eds), Rapid biological inventory 16: Peru: Matses. The Field Museum, Chicago, U. S. A., pp. 174 - 183." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Fine
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA0843FFC1068DF2A6B8392" box="[986,1046,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species is sympatric with three other dendrobatids:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA1843EFDEA6F9B2D6784D6" ID-CoL="4RFBD" box="[544,794,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uakarii">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA1843EFDEA6F9B2D6784D6" box="[544,794,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ranitomeya uakarii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA1843EFCE66F9B2A6684D6" box="[812,1051,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA1843EFCE66F9B2A6B84D6" ID-CoL="66B42" box="[812,1046,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hahneli">Ameerega hahneli</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA1843EFB906F9B2A9384D6" ID-CoL="CQ7J" box="[1114,1262,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trivittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA1843EFB906F9B2A9384D6" box="[1114,1262,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. trivittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This species potentially also co-occurs with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA1843EFDC66FBE2CCE84B1" ID-CoL="6WT2X" box="[524,691,189,214]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavovittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA1843EFDC66FBE2CCE84B1" box="[524,691,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R. flavovittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA1843EFD246FBE2DBC84B1" ID-CoL="4RFBG" box="[750,961,189,214]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventrimaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA1843EFD246FBE2DBC84B1" box="[750,961,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R. ventrimaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both of which have been observed less than
|
||
<quantity id="D43CD4CBFFA1843EFF1A6FE12F67849B" box="[208,282,226,252]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="km" value="90.0">90 km</quantity>
|
||
from Lago Preto (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BFF65ABFFA1843EFE396FE12C47849B" box="[499,570,226,252]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,256,1235,1259]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,346,1211]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,346,1211]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Distributions of Ranitomeya that occur within the forests bordered by the Ucayali, Amazon, Yavarí, and Blanco rivers. The blue color depicts areas that are prone to flooding or that are permanently flooded. These areas likely act as barriers to gene flow for most Ranitomeya species. Each colored circle represents the corresponding species at each site. The white dot depicts the only known locality of the R. cyanovittata. The area that becomes seasonally flooded was calculated from two data sources: areas classified as Várzea by the World Wildlife Foundation (Olson et al. 2001) and spatial calculations in Environmental Systems Research Institute’s GIS ArcView 9.2 that estimated the seasonally flooded areas. The latter was done by calculating the feet above sea-level of major streams that seasonally flooded throughout the area. These values were kriged to create a raster that accounted for elevation changes relative to level of the major rivers. The resulting raster was subtracted from a digital elevation model, and areas below 10 meters were classified as “ seasonally flooded ”.) Both the Varzea and “ floodable ” areas were summed to create the blue layer area depicted here. Ten meters is an average the annual fluctuation in river levels for the lower Ucayali, upper Amazon, and lower Yavari rivers (Goulding et al. 2003)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194917/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFA1843EFF0E6E0B2AA28685" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,812]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA1843EFF0E6E0B2F9C8546" ID-CoL="4RFBK" box="[196,481,264,289]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA1843EFF0E6E0B2F9C8546" box="[196,481,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ranitomeya yavaricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was typically observed foraging throughout the leaf litter or calling from the leaves of terrestrial palms (
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA1843EFE296E2E2CFF8521" box="[483,642,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Genoma spp.</emphasis>
|
||
), epiphytes (primarily bromeliads), and on the branches of fallen trees (between
|
||
<quantity id="D43CD4CBFFA1843EFE9A6E512FC9850B" box="[336,436,338,364]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1.6" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.2">0.2–3 m</quantity>
|
||
above the ground).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA1843EFD666E512DBA850C" ID-CoL="4RFBK" box="[684,967,338,363]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA1843EFD666E512DBA850C" box="[684,967,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ranitomeya yavaricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an extremely shy species and when encountered dives to the ground and hides within the leaf litter or within the roots of plants. A single tadpole was observed in the phytotelm of a small bromeliad that was ca.
|
||
<quantity id="D43CD4CBFFA1843EFC1A6E9E2A6585D0" box="[976,1048,413,439]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
|
||
above the ground. Prior to the discovery of the tadpole, a male was observed calling near the bromeliad (<
|
||
<quantity id="D43CD4CBFFA1843EFBC56EC12A2885BB" box="[1039,1109,450,476]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="0.3">0.3 m</quantity>
|
||
). The pool of water housing the tadpole was small, containing less than 30 ml of water. The most abundant species of bromeliad in the area typically grows in small clumps of 2–6 plants (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BFF65ABFFA1843EFD716D0E2D7E8640" box="[699,771,525,551]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,256,1466,1490]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,570,1441]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,570,1442]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. The photo depicts habitat where several R. yavaricola were observed. The inset is a photo of a bromeliad where a tadpole was observed." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194918/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA1843EFCD36D0E2A558641" ID-CoL="4RFBK" box="[793,1064,525,550]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yavaricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA1843EFCD36D0E2A558641" box="[793,1064,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ranitomeya yavaricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most abundant species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA1843EFF5D6D312F4D862C" ID-CoL="773Y" box="[151,304,562,587]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA1843EFF5D6D312F4D862C" box="[151,304,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ranitomeya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Lago Preto. Using visual encounters, we observed 3 individuals in 30 man-hours of observation (0.1 encounters per man-hour) and using acoustic estimates, we recorded 20 different individuals in 3.7 man-hours of observation (5.6 encounters per man-hour). Lastly, as the result of casual observations, over a two week period in
|
||
<date id="677A5FEEFFA1843EFE066DA12C1386DB" box="[460,622,674,700]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2009-06-20">June 2009, 20</date>
|
||
people encountered 6 individuals. During this study 12 individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4C402ADFFA1843EFF5D6DCB2F718686" ID-CoL="4RFBD" box="[151,268,712,737]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uakarii">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA1843EFF5D6DCB2F718686" box="[151,268,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R. uakarii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were observed at Lago Preto (as the result of both casual observation and surveys).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5BDE2AA5FFA1843EFF0E6DEE2B25874B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="137B792EFFA1843EFF0E6DEE2B25874B" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,812]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="21B0A53CFFA1843EFF0E6DEE2FBE8760" bold="true" box="[196,451,749,775]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
Following the IUCN Red List criteria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="775504DFFFA1843EFC586DEE2A5F8760" author="IUCN" box="[914,1058,749,775]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" refString="IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK." type="book" year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), this species should be listed as Data Deficient (DD). It is currently known from only a single locality but probably occurs more widely.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |