218 lines
25 KiB
XML
218 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="75ACF158A4417866BBFDEF3326B57F5B" ID-CLB-Dataset="56255" ID-DOI="10.13133/2284-4880/483" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a11ea050-c34d-47de-9366-75f0defdb9f0" ID-ISSN="2284-4880" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8147988" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1689359852801" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Viggiani, Gennaro, Filella, Francesco & Bernardo, Umberto" docDate="2021" docId="3B3E87DAFF37FFDAFF77FDC39258E185" docLanguage="en" docName="FragEntomol.53.1.57-64.pdf" docOrigin="Fragmenta entomologica 53 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0899DEDBE989ED9A8E6495897B46659D.1:FragEntomol.2021-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="0899DEDBE989ED9A8E6495897B46659D" docStyleName="FragEntomol.2021-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Macrolenes dentipes" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="C707FFA2FF32FFDCFFE0FFB1931FE349" masterDocTitle="The egg endoparasitoids of Macrolenes dentipes (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with description of a new species of Aprostocetus Westwood and notes on its host (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1729603395553" updateUser="jonas" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="D02282C52BBAD4F97EF34BD28ECE2E2A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EC822F0D8AAD86C7217355C68ACE8ABF">
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<mods:title id="8AD1E0EE90B8794F9105FE1DA3ACF697">The egg endoparasitoids of Macrolenes dentipes (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with description of a new species of Aprostocetus Westwood and notes on its host (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="712AA5F3D00AA9932A79CFC1C77E8A68" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4543941D7FE9AEB4A8785FFA81605913">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DA6D4B441903CB0E8F475D62823B0704">Viggiani, Gennaro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C80A9A86D3FD04EE30CF3FF98FB69090">Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “ Federico II ”, Laboratorio di Lotta biologica, Via Università, 133, Portici (NA), Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E82C7ADF0B5CF01B47C15B535EAA2887" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="531E2ACA4720203E0400A0CE8CBCBFC6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1D2BECA2DBC8B8D249BC16EBF1903941">Filella, Francesco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3A799B06EAAF7130AFB37C6D9BB9BE31">Istituto Professionale Agrario, Spezzano Albanese (CS), Italy - francescofilella @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F9747E33B1B27643C04FFF2A13CF6878" type="email">francescofilella@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C5B7AF1C31C545EE921D390A1CE2CA7C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="383CE286EB7A6D752F03ADE9381B8D81">Bernardo, Umberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7D1B5D9B7135EA822A495E8EEDB8D8D4">CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, SS of Portici, Portici (NA), Italy - umberto. bernardo @ ipsp. cnr. it</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="949F5F6C80E3AD2C4A4DB6C1D88CC59C" type="email">umberto.bernardo@ipsp.cnr.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:titleInfo id="28A12033590E98CDCB36BBD084890BDB">
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<mods:title id="3C0462612EB3CBFC2C383F98F4E909C0">Fragmenta entomologica</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="03212E52ADFC7D1AB8DBBDAEF213C712">
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<mods:date id="EAD805875F3C1A471DBADBD076045EA1">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4112ED60A23E5920FACD0041248107B8">2021-03-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="41509ADD42FC2979B4D143CD7ABC95F4">53</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="85CAF6FAA3040FD3E622D53C6DCA7B8A">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="827322508F8B9C737D1918AA91279F3F">57</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="ABB9805C480822238D3951291CE1DDD8" type="DOI">10.13133/2284-4880/483</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3B3E87DAFF37FFDAFF77FDC39258E185" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8165220" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212415823" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8165220" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B3E87DAFF37FFDAFF77FDC39258E185" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B3E87DAFF37FFDAFF77FDC39258E185" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">
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<subSubSection id="FB8D6547FF37FFD9FF77FDC3911CE1C4" box="[151,515,626,653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B32836CCFF37FFD9FF77FDC3911CE1C4" blockId="5.[151,515,626,653]" box="[151,515,626,653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">
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<heading id="E86081A0FF37FFD9FF77FDC3911CE1C4" bold="true" box="[151,515,626,653]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FF77FDC3911CE1C4" bold="true" box="[151,515,626,653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">
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Notes on
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<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FEEBFDC3911CE1C4" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[267,515,626,653]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Macrolenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentipes">
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<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FEEBFDC3911CE1C4" bold="true" box="[267,515,626,653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Macrolenes dentipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FB8D6547FF37FFDAFF77FD059258E185" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B32836CCFF37FFD9FF77FD059638E565" blockId="5.[150,773,692,1228]" lastBlockId="5.[831,1453,1268,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FEEFFD05915DE185" authority="Chevrolat, 1836" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[271,578,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Macrolenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FEEFFD059293E185" box="[271,396,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Macrolenes</emphasis>
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Chevrolat, 1836
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</taxonomicName>
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, includes the species
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<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FF29FD65914EE1A5" authority="(Olivier, 1808)" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[201,593,724,748]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Macrolenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentipes">
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<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FF29FD6592B8E1A5" box="[201,423,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Macrolenes dentipes</emphasis>
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(Olivier, 1808)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FD68FD65928FE045" authority="(Reiche, 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Reiche" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Macrolenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bellieri">
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<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FD68FD6593FBE045" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Macrolenes bellieri</emphasis>
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(Reiche, 1860)
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</taxonomicName>
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; the latter recorded only in
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<collectingRegion id="7153F82EFF37FFD9FD20FD45901FE045" box="[704,768,756,780]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Sicily</collectingRegion>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FF79FCA49209E065" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[153,278,788,812]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Macrolenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentipes">
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<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FF79FCA49209E065" box="[153,278,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">M. dentipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is widely distributed in the Mediterranean region (
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<bibRefCitation id="D7064B3DFF37FFD9FF38FC859118E005" author="Regalin R. & Medvedev L. N." box="[216,519,820,844]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" pagination="564 - 580" refId="ref5335" refString="Regalin R., Medvedev L. N. 2010. Clytrini Kirby, 1837, pp. 564 - 580. In: Lobl I. & Smetana A. (eds). Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 6. Chrysomelidae. Apollo Books. Stenstrup, 924 pp." type="book chapter" year="2010">Regalin & Medvedev 2010</bibRefCitation>
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) and rather easily recognized for the male front legs having long and dentate femora (Fig. 14). The adults are observed on several plants [
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<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FF40FC2493E8E0E5" box="[160,247,917,940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Pistacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FF40FC2493E8E0E5" box="[160,247,917,940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Pistacia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FEEFFC259118E0E5" box="[271,519,916,940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FEEFFC25925BE0E5" box="[271,324,916,940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Rhus</emphasis>
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(Anacardiaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FDFDFC2491E0E0E5" box="[541,767,916,940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FDFDFC249169E0E5" box="[541,630,917,940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Quercus</emphasis>
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(Fagaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FF77FC049268E085" box="[151,375,948,972]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FF77FC0493E8E085" box="[151,247,949,972]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Fraxinus</emphasis>
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(Oleaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FE66FC0592FDE085" box="[390,482,948,972]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Paliurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FE66FC0592FDE085" box="[390,482,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Paliurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FDFCFC0593A5E0A5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ziziphus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FDFCFC059169E085" box="[540,630,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Ziziphus</emphasis>
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(Rhamnaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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] from May to August, but they are preferably active leaf-eater on
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<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FECBFC4492F6E745" box="[299,489,1012,1036]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Pistacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lentiscus">
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<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FECBFC4492F6E745" box="[299,489,1012,1036]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Pistacia lentiscus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. (
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<bibRefCitation id="D7064B3DFF37FFD9FDFCFC4593EBE765" author="Agoiz-Bustamante L. J. & RecaldeIrurzun I. J. & PrietoPilona F." pageId="5" pageNumber="61" pagination="117 - 120" refId="ref4664" refString="Agoiz-Bustamante L. J., RecaldeIrurzun I. J., PrietoPilona F. 2019. NOTA / NOTE Sobre la presencia de Macrolenes dentipes (Olivier, 1808) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae: Clytrini) en Portugal. Arquivos entomoloxicos, 21: 117 - 120." type="journal article" year="2019">Agoiz-Bustamante et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). Adults of
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<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FE95FBA492EBE765" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[373,500,1044,1068]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Macrolenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentipes">
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<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FE95FBA492EBE765" box="[373,500,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">M. dentipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are phytophagous, while larval stages are phyto-zoo-saprophagous (
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<bibRefCitation id="D7064B3DFF37FFD9FDBFFB8591E6E705" author="Scholler M." box="[607,761,1076,1100]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" pagination="281 - 285" refId="ref5389" refString="Scholler M. 1998. Zoosaprophagy and phytosaprophagy in chrysomelid beetle larvae, Macrolenes dentipes and Pachybrachis anoguttatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Clytrinae and Cryptocephalinae). In: Biondi M., Daccordi M., Furth D. G. (eds) Proceedings of a symposium, 20 International Congress of Entomology. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Florence: 281 - 285." type="book chapter" year="1998">Schöller 1998</bibRefCitation>
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). The females oviposit eggs in clusters attached to the leaf surface by long strands. The first instar larva is undescribed. Larval development occurs on the soil. The third larva, described by Medvedev & Schöller (2002) on specimens collected under a stone covering an ant’s nest under a
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<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FCB6FAA490FEE665" box="[854,993,1300,1324]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">
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<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FCB6FAA490FEE665" box="[854,993,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Quercus ilex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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tree, is protected by a simple case, light grey to brownish, with the fine line-like structure on the surface.
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<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FC7AFAE49707E625" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[922,1048,1364,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Macrolenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentipes">
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<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FC7AFAE49707E625" box="[922,1048,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">M. dentipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is one of the ant-nest beetles (
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<bibRefCitation id="D7064B3DFF37FFD9FA80FAE590ABE6C5" author="Agrain A. F. & Buffington L. M. & Chaboo C. S. & Chamorro L. M. & Matthias Scholler M." pageId="5" pageNumber="61" refId="ref4716" refString="Agrain A. F., Buffington L. M., Chaboo C. S., Chamorro L. M., Matthias Scholler M. 2015. Leaf beetles are ant-nest bee-" type="book" year="2015">Agrain et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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||
), but according to
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<bibRefCitation id="D7064B3DFF37FFD9FB9BFAC5969EE6C5" author="Scholler M. & Witte V." box="[1147,1409,1396,1420]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" pagination="51 - 61" refId="ref5458" refString="Scholler M., Witte V. 2007. A review of the genus Clytrasoma (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with description of a new species collected within a nest of Camponotus sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 87: 51 - 61." type="journal article" year="2007">Schöller & Witte (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, the larvae of the most advanced genera of Clytrinae (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FAADFA259066E685" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Labidostomis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FAADFA259066E685" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Labidostomis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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||
<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FC4EFA059735E685" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[942,1066,1460,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Macrolenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FC4EFA059735E685" box="[942,1066,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Macrolenes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have lost secondarily the ability to penetrate into the ant nests and remain at the entrance of the host’s nest, namely, a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FB5DFA449638E545" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1850" box="[1213,1319,1525,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FB5DFA449638E545" box="[1213,1319,1525,1548]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Tapinoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: a new, protected and food-rich niche of a dolichoderine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E7E86644FF37FFD9FCDFFB2A9633E780" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147996" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8147996" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8147996/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" startId="5.[831,869,1179,1198]" targetBox="[831,1451,170,1130]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="B32836CCFF37FFD9FCDFFB2A9633E780" blockId="5.[831,1451,1179,1225]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FCDFFB2A90B3E7E7" bold="true" box="[831,940,1179,1198]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Figs 17-19 –</emphasis>
|
||
17,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FC31FB2A979EE7E7" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[977,1153,1179,1198]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Macrolenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FC31FB2A979EE7E7" box="[977,1153,1179,1198]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Macrolenes dentipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, hatching first instar larva; 18, first instar larva; 19, head of the first instar larva, frontal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B32836CCFF37FFDAFC85F9849258E185" blockId="5.[831,1453,1268,1933]" lastBlockId="6.[135,758,180,716]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">
|
||
In our study area a massive population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FAD0F98496B2E505" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[1328,1453,1588,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Macrolenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FAD0F98496B2E505" box="[1328,1453,1588,1612]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">M. dentipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recorded in
|
||
<date id="C729100CFF37FFD9FC11F9E4977DE525" box="[1009,1122,1620,1645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" value="2019-05">May 2019</date>
|
||
. Adults were observed on several plants (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FC5DF9C59783E5C5" box="[957,1180,1652,1676]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Arbutus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="firstly" subSpecies="unedo">
|
||
<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FC5DF9C59783E5C5" box="[957,1180,1652,1676]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Arbutus firstly unedo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FB4AF9C59083E5E5" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FB4AF9C59655E5C5" box="[1194,1354,1652,1676]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Olea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="europaea">Olea europaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FAB5F9C49083E5E5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Pistacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lentiscus">Pistacia lentiscus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF37FFD9FC4DF9249726E5E5" box="[941,1081,1684,1708]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Vitales" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vinifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF37FFD9FC4DF9249726E5E5" box="[941,1081,1684,1708]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Vitis vinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but they produced severe damages mostly on lentisk (Figs 12-13). Mating (Fig. 14) and egg clusters (Fig. 15) were observed mostly on olive tree leaves. Eggs (Fig. 16) are subcylindrical, basally pointed and distally trunked,
|
||
<quantity id="746F9B29FF37FFD9FBC3F8A59780E465" box="[1059,1183,1812,1836]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="0.8" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.7">0.7-0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="746F9B29FF37FFD9FADCF8A59691E465" box="[1340,1422,1812,1836]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width. The diameter of the egg distal end is about as that of the head of the first emerging larva of the leaf beetle (
|
||
<quantity id="746F9B29FF37FFD9FA69F8E59072E4C5" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
). The chorion of the egg is coated with brown material. The number of eggs/cluster varied from 4 to 38 (average: 18; SD ± 10.6, n = 23). The eggs hatched at the beginning of June (Fig. 17); after hatching, they showed the distal cap completely detached (Fig. 11). The first instar larva (Fig. 18),
|
||
<quantity id="746F9B29FF34FFDAFF5BFE859228E205" box="[187,311,308,332]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.8">0.8-0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, is typically J-shaped, with the last abdominal segments directed ventrally. The head chaetotaxy (Fig. 19) offers diagnostic characters for the identification of the species; in particular: the single seta, on each side of the epicranial suture, not simple but at least slightly spiny as the other dorsal epicranial setae, except the very long 3
|
||
<superScript id="44E29B84FF34FFDAFF2CFE4293C6E148" attach="left" box="[204,217,499,513]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">rd</superScript>
|
||
seta; all frontal setae moderately or densely spiny, with the 3
|
||
<superScript id="44E29B84FF34FFDAFF14FDA2921EE168" attach="left" box="[244,257,531,545]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">rd</superScript>
|
||
pair not longer than the second one.In the key for the identification of the clytrine genera by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D7064B3DFF34FFDAFD65FD8593CEE125" author="Wasowska M." pageId="6" pageNumber="62" pagination="51 - 67" refId="ref5595" refString="Wasowska M. 2007. Morphology of the first instar larva and of the egg of Labidostomis longimana (Linnaeus, 1761) and of Labidostomis tridentata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae, Clytrinae), with a key to clytrine genera with the first instar larva known. Deutsche Entomologische Zeis- chrift, 54 (1): 51 - 67." type="journal article" year="2007">Wasowska (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, based on the first instar larva, the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74974D4FFF34FFDAFD73FDE493B4E1C5" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1808" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Macrolenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF34FFDAFD73FDE493B4E1C5" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">M. dentipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
runs near
|
||
<emphasis id="81E3EADEFF34FFDAFEF5FDC592BCE1C5" box="[277,419,628,652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">Lobidostomis</emphasis>
|
||
, having one seta on each side of epicranial suture, on top of the head, but simple in the latter species, not spiny.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |