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<document id="55788903DD57FA04BDD619151069C795" ID-CLB-Dataset="24303" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67d90a4f-f853-4561-ae9a-c0f596d948ca" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3612996" ID-ZooBank="B137F19A-2C50-476C-8F13-4F049253B361" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1579507121529" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hepp, Fábio &amp; Pombal, José P." docDate="2020" docId="D435E640FFA5FF98BE8BFBFFFD3FF8F1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4725.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4725 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Physalaemus barrioi Bokermann 1967" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="85" masterDocId="280C9E38FFF1FFCCBE1CFFABFFF0FF92" masterDocTitle="Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="85" updateTime="1698778037983" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="267A88CB4130C76A517927169A52645B">Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6596C53FDAB99B54DB601D9A3CE137A1">Hepp, Fábio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4CAAD474F9438FED01F11227EAB9D1D5">Pombal, José P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C8267F170C707ECC50916BFB48E57613">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9F2EBE550D34125D04E78687BB620E60">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="13AE4DD29DD8721516AA75380312D21D">2020-01-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="13247CCC96B2DB8A6AE0991CE3744AA7">4725</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="FE29ECA5E384E776F1501A09DF237D08">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6A1D8974E06839EC3757F58736270952" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D435E640FFA5FF98BE8BFBFFFD3FF8F1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583660" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161762915" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5583660" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D435E640FFA5FF98BE8BFBFFFD3FF8F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D435E640FFA5FF98BE8BFBFFFD3FF8F1" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<subSubSection id="148604DDFFA5FF98BE8BFBFFFAE7FB48" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5C235756FFA5FF98BE8BFBFFFD87FBFC" blockId="84.[151,631,1108,1135]" box="[151,631,1108,1135]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<heading id="076BE03AFFA5FF98BE8BFBFFFD87FBFC" bold="true" box="[151,631,1108,1135]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="9B9C2CD5FFA5FF98BE8BFBFFFD87FBFC" authority="Bokermann, 1967" authorityName="Bokermann" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,631,1108,1135]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barrioi">
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFA5FF98BE8BFBFFFD87FBFC" bold="true" box="[151,631,1108,1135]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFA5FF98BE8BFBFFFE61FBFD" bold="true" box="[151,401,1108,1135]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Physalaemus barrioi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="380D2AA7FFA5FF98BF85FBFEFD87FBFC" author="Bokermann, W. C. A." box="[409,631,1108,1135]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="135 - 143" refId="ref72550" refString="Bokermann, W. C. A. (1967) Tres novas especies de Physalaemus do sudeste brasileiro (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 27 (2), 135 - 143." type="journal article" year="1967">Bokermann, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C235756FFA5FF98BE8BFB36FAE7FB48" blockId="84.[151,1437,1180,1891]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
We found a single call
<typeStatus id="8327E9F4FFA5FF98BF83FB36FE3FFB25" box="[415,463,1181,1207]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">type</typeStatus>
for the species, referred to as call A. The call has a single harmonic note with a long duration and general downward FM, with an up-downward FM segment in the first seventh of the call.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="148604DDFFA5FF98BEDBFB48FD3FF8F1" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="description">
<paragraph id="5C235756FFA5FF98BEDBFB48FD3FF8F1" blockId="84.[151,1437,1180,1891]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFA5FF98BEDBFB48FDEBFB6C" bold="true" box="[199,539,1251,1278]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
Call A (
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFA5FF98BF02FB48FE9EFB6C" box="[286,366,1251,1278]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1056,1081]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,185,1025]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[151,1436,181,1030]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 54. Call A of Physalaemus barrioi. Oscillograms (A, C–G) and audiospectrograms (B, H–L). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes (C–L). Note the subharmonics at the middle of the call (B). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. FFT (points): 2000 (H, J, and I); 2500 (B); 1024 (K); 1500 (L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613104/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
A–L and 52D).
</emphasis>
We examined eight recordings, a total of 13 minutes, with
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFA5FF98BABAFB4EFB30FB6C" box="[1190,1216,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">ca</emphasis>
. 70 calls from eight males. Only some of these calls were measured (see
<tableCitation id="111E62EDFFA5FF98BCF6FAA3FCB0FAB0" box="[746,832,1288,1314]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="17.[150,243,524,551]" captionTargetBox="[163,1977,638,1641]" captionText="TABLE 2. Descriptive statistics of 11 measurements of the calls typeA of 45 Physalaemus species. Species ordered according to the topology in Lourenço et al. (2015; see text and Table 1). Values are given as mean ± standard deviation (minimum – maximum) mode [number of measurements taken / number of calls]. Single asterisks indicate cells with the same values of other call. Double asterisks indicate features present only in part of the analyzed calls (see descriptions in text for details)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" tableUuid="08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Call duration varies from 1.323 to
<geoCoordinate id="39A83191FFA5FF98BAC1FAA3FAC1FAB1" box="[1245,1329,1288,1315]" degrees="2.038" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="55" value="-2.038">2.038 s</geoCoordinate>
. Call rise duration is short and similar to call fall duration; the call rise and fall shapes vary from logarithmic to almost linear or exponential. The sustain is irregular, generally flat (
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFA5FF98BCECFAFBFC60FAF9" box="[752,912,1359,1387]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1056,1081]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,185,1025]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[151,1436,181,1030]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 54. Call A of Physalaemus barrioi. Oscillograms (A, C–G) and audiospectrograms (B, H–L). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes (C–L). Note the subharmonics at the middle of the call (B). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. FFT (points): 2000 (H, J, and I); 2500 (B); 1024 (K); 1500 (L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613104/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 54A, E, F</figureCitation>
) or ascending (Fig. C, D, G). In this latter case, the amplitude gets higher towards the end of the call. There is usually a long shallow valley at the beginning or at the middle of the sustain (
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFA5FF98BFA7FA33FD58FA20" box="[443,680,1431,1459]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1056,1081]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,185,1025]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[151,1436,181,1030]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 54. Call A of Physalaemus barrioi. Oscillograms (A, C–G) and audiospectrograms (B, H–L). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes (C–L). Note the subharmonics at the middle of the call (B). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. FFT (points): 2000 (H, J, and I); 2500 (B); 1024 (K); 1500 (L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613104/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 54A, C, D, E, G</figureCitation>
). The amplitude peak is usually at the end of the first three fifths of the call duration. The envelope varies from elliptic (
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFA5FF98BCF5FA17FCBEFA44" box="[745,846,1467,1494]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1056,1081]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,185,1025]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[151,1436,181,1030]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 54. Call A of Physalaemus barrioi. Oscillograms (A, C–G) and audiospectrograms (B, H–L). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes (C–L). Note the subharmonics at the middle of the call (B). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. FFT (points): 2000 (H, J, and I); 2500 (B); 1024 (K); 1500 (L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613104/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 54F</figureCitation>
), rectangular (
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFA5FF98BDEEFA17FB6DFA44" box="[1010,1181,1467,1495]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1056,1081]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,185,1025]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[151,1436,181,1030]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 54. Call A of Physalaemus barrioi. Oscillograms (A, C–G) and audiospectrograms (B, H–L). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes (C–L). Note the subharmonics at the middle of the call (B). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. FFT (points): 2000 (H, J, and I); 2500 (B); 1024 (K); 1500 (L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613104/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 54A, E, G</figureCitation>
) to triangular (usually pointed left; Fig. C, D). More than 50 % of the call energy is concentrated in 39 % of the call duration around the amplitude peak. There is no PAM in the call. The call has a harmonic series (
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFA5FF98BDF1F9AFFBA6F98C" box="[1005,1110,1539,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1300,1325]" captionTargetBox="[204,1381,189,1265]" captionTargetId="figure@83.[200,1387,181,1274]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 52. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of four Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. gracilis (A), P. lisei (B), P. evangelistai (C), P. barrioi (D), P. jordanensis (E). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613100/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 52D</figureCitation>
). The fundamental frequency is
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFA5FF98BEADF982FF22F9D0" box="[177,210,1577,1602]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">ca.</emphasis>
460 Hz and the first seven harmonics are generally emphasized. The wave periods are regular and harmonics are clear throughout the call. The dominant frequency varies from
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFA5FF98BD96F9E6FC5CF9F4" box="[906,940,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">ca.</emphasis>
470 to 2580 Hz. The dominant harmonic is the first or the sixth, but usually the first (
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFA5FF98BC74F9DBFD3FF918" box="[616,719,1647,1674]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1300,1325]" captionTargetBox="[204,1381,189,1265]" captionTargetId="figure@83.[200,1387,181,1274]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 52. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of four Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. gracilis (A), P. lisei (B), P. evangelistai (C), P. barrioi (D), P. jordanensis (E). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613100/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 52D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFA5FF98BCC6F9C4FCFCF918" box="[730,780,1647,1674]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1056,1081]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,185,1025]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[151,1436,181,1030]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 54. Call A of Physalaemus barrioi. Oscillograms (A, C–G) and audiospectrograms (B, H–L). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes (C–L). Note the subharmonics at the middle of the call (B). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. FFT (points): 2000 (H, J, and I); 2500 (B); 1024 (K); 1500 (L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613104/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">54B</figureCitation>
, H–L). There is a clear shift in relative energy between the bands; the dominant frequency increases towards the end of the call, starting at the first harmonic and moving to the sixth at the very end of the call (
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFA5FF98BC1CF913FD97F940" box="[512,615,1719,1746]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1300,1325]" captionTargetBox="[204,1381,189,1265]" captionTargetId="figure@83.[200,1387,181,1274]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 52. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of four Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. gracilis (A), P. lisei (B), P. evangelistai (C), P. barrioi (D), P. jordanensis (E). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613100/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 52D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFA5FF98BC6EF91CFD54F940" box="[626,676,1719,1746]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1056,1081]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,185,1025]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[151,1436,181,1030]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 54. Call A of Physalaemus barrioi. Oscillograms (A, C–G) and audiospectrograms (B, H–L). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes (C–L). Note the subharmonics at the middle of the call (B). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. FFT (points): 2000 (H, J, and I); 2500 (B); 1024 (K); 1500 (L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613104/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">54B</figureCitation>
, H–L). Most of the call energy is between 450 and 2700 Hz (four to six harmonics). The call has a general downward FM. Additionally, the calls have an up-downward FM at the first seventh of call duration, leading to slightly arc-shaped bands in this part of the call, and a short downward FM at the end (
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFA5FF98BEEBF88FFEADF8AC" box="[247,349,1827,1854]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1056,1081]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,185,1025]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[151,1436,181,1030]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 54. Call A of Physalaemus barrioi. Oscillograms (A, C–G) and audiospectrograms (B, H–L). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes (C–L). Note the subharmonics at the middle of the call (B). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. FFT (points): 2000 (H, J, and I); 2500 (B); 1024 (K); 1500 (L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613104/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 54B</figureCitation>
, H–L). The general downward FM and the initial up-downward FM result in S-shaped harmonics when considering the entire call. There is no PFM.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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