Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae) Author Hepp, Fábio Author Pombal, José P. text Zootaxa 2020 2020-01-20 4725 1 1 106 journal article 24303 10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1 67d90a4f-f853-4561-ae9a-c0f596d948ca 1175-5326 3612996 B137F19A-2C50-476C-8F13-4F049253B361 Physalaemus barrioi Bokermann, 1967 We found a single call type for the species, referred to as call A. The call has a single harmonic note with a long duration and general downward FM, with an up-downward FM segment in the first seventh of the call. Call A ( Fig. 54 A–L and 52D). We examined eight recordings, a total of 13 minutes, with ca . 70 calls from eight males. Only some of these calls were measured (see Table 2 ). Call duration varies from 1.323 to 2.038 s . Call rise duration is short and similar to call fall duration; the call rise and fall shapes vary from logarithmic to almost linear or exponential. The sustain is irregular, generally flat ( Fig. 54A, E, F ) or ascending (Fig. C, D, G). In this latter case, the amplitude gets higher towards the end of the call. There is usually a long shallow valley at the beginning or at the middle of the sustain ( Fig. 54A, C, D, E, G ). The amplitude peak is usually at the end of the first three fifths of the call duration. The envelope varies from elliptic ( Fig. 54F ), rectangular ( Fig. 54A, E, G ) to triangular (usually pointed left; Fig. C, D). More than 50 % of the call energy is concentrated in 39 % of the call duration around the amplitude peak. There is no PAM in the call. The call has a harmonic series ( Fig. 52D ). The fundamental frequency is ca. 460 Hz and the first seven harmonics are generally emphasized. The wave periods are regular and harmonics are clear throughout the call. The dominant frequency varies from ca. 470 to 2580 Hz. The dominant harmonic is the first or the sixth, but usually the first ( Fig. 52D , 54B , H–L). There is a clear shift in relative energy between the bands; the dominant frequency increases towards the end of the call, starting at the first harmonic and moving to the sixth at the very end of the call ( Fig. 52D , 54B , H–L). Most of the call energy is between 450 and 2700 Hz (four to six harmonics). The call has a general downward FM. Additionally, the calls have an up-downward FM at the first seventh of call duration, leading to slightly arc-shaped bands in this part of the call, and a short downward FM at the end ( Fig. 54B , H–L). The general downward FM and the initial up-downward FM result in S-shaped harmonics when considering the entire call. There is no PFM.