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<document id="A0F061DA67894CD45E98B3762C270CA8" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2024.955.2655" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13742408" ID-ZooBank="5D22E144-EF73-4085-9774-E853EEEC6001" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1725983532136" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hegg, Danilo" docDate="2024" docId="03A47546FFF37C6667A81D99FE1BD3F4" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT.2024.955.1-87.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 955 (1)" docSource="https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2655/12275" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Trigonidiinae Saussure 1874" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FF9D0D3EFFE17C7267151F74FFB5D244" masterDocTitle="Small crickets of New Zealand (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Trigonidiidae and Mogoplistidae), with the description of two new genera and species" masterLastPageNumber="87" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1726172485190" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="260CCCBB4F0666D57271C4FF51EE2C91">Small crickets of New Zealand (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Trigonidiidae and Mogoplistidae), with the description of two new genera and species</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C31797DBFFF37C6067A81D99FD64D14D" box="[189,721,749,778]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFF37C6067A81D99FD64D14D" blockId="18.[189,721,749,778]" box="[189,721,749,778]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6067A81D99FD64D14D" bold="true" box="[189,721,749,778]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6066591D99FD64D14D" ID-CoL="8NL4D" authority="Saussure, 1874" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1874" box="[332,721,749,778]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Trigonidiinae">Trigonidiinae Saussure, 1874</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C31797DBFFF37C6667A81C55FE1BD3F4" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFF37C6067A81C55FD3FD18C" blockId="18.[187,1399,801,969]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Out of 368 crickets examined, forty-three are trigs (subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6064A21C55FBEED17F" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1874" box="[951,1115,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Trigonidiinae">Trigonidiinae</taxonomicName>
). Thirty of these fit the original description and the
<typeStatus id="54B67AF2FFF37C60651F1C31FD88D11B" box="[522,573,837,863]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
material for
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6065CD1C30FBC5D11A" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[728,1136,836,863]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maoricum" subGenus="Metioche">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6065CD1C30FCDCD11A" box="[728,873,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C60646F1C30FC52D11A" box="[890,999,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Metioche</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6064EC1C31FBC5D11A" box="[1017,1136,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">maoricum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with a black, shining body, arcuate ovipositor, hind tibiae with three pairs of dorsal spurs, no auditory tympana on the anterior tibiae, and no hindwings.
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6066F01CFFFCCCD1E1" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[485,889,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maoricum" subGenus="Metioche">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6066F01CFFFDC3D1E1" box="[485,630,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6065931CFFFD46D1E1" box="[646,755,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Metioche</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6064171CF8FCCCD1E1" box="[770,889,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">maoricum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has no abdominal gland and has a stridulum with 30–40 teeth on the male forewing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFF37C6067A81C9BFD2FD699" blockId="18.[189,1399,1007,1245]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
While
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF37C60661B1C9BFE7ED64D" author="Chopard L." box="[270,459,1007,1033]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="213 - 500" refId="ref38794" refString="Chopard L. 1968. Fam. Gryllidae: Subfam. Mogoplistinae, Myrmecophilinae, Scleropterinae, Cachoplistinae, Pteroplistinae, Pentacentrinae, Phalangopsinae, Trigonidiinae, Eneopterinae; Fam. Oecanthidae, Gryllotalpidae. Orthopterorum Catalogus 12: 213 - 500." type="journal article" year="1968">Chopard (1968)</bibRefCitation>
placed the species in
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6065CC1C9BFCF1D64D" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1877" box="[729,836,1007,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Metioche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6065CC1C9BFCF1D64D" box="[729,836,1007,1033]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Metioche</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6063251C9BFB28D64D" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1877" box="[1072,1181,1007,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Metioche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6063251C9BFB28D64D" box="[1072,1181,1007,1033]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Metioche</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clearly states that insects have forewings without a stridulum in both males and females (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF37C6063081B66FB21D669" author="Stal C." box="[1053,1172,1042,1069]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="33 - 58" refId="ref41386" refString="Stal C. 1877. Orthoptera nova ex Insulis Philippinis descripsit. Ofversigt af kongliga Vetenskaps- Akademiens Forhandlinger 34 (10): 33 - 58. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 32391622 [accessed 13 Dec. 2023]." type="journal article" year="1877">Stål 1877</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF37C6063B61B67FF4ED614" author="Otte D. &amp; Alexander R. D." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. &amp; Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte &amp; Alexander 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF37C60661E1B43FE53D614" author="Rentz D. &amp; Su Y. N." box="[267,486,1078,1105]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref41252" refString="Rentz D. &amp; Su Y. N. 2019. A Guide to the Crickets of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, VIC, Australia. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9781486305070" type="book" year="2019">Rentz &amp; Su 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6066E81B42FD3BD614" baseAuthorityName="Otte &amp; Alexander" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[509,654,1078,1104]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6066E81B42FD3BD614" box="[509,654,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on the other hand, has a stridulum on the right forewing in males (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF37C6066041B2DFE0DD637" author="Rambur P." box="[273,440,1113,1139]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="12 - 94" refId="ref41107" refString="Rambur P. 1838. Orthopteres. Faune entomologique de l'Andalousie 2: 12 - 94." type="journal article" year="1838">Rambur 1838</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF37C6066D01B2DFD68D637" author="Otte D. &amp; Alexander R. D." box="[453,733,1113,1139]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. &amp; Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte &amp; Alexander 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF37C6065FF1B2EFC09D637" author="Rentz D. &amp; Su Y. N." box="[746,956,1113,1140]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref41252" refString="Rentz D. &amp; Su Y. N. 2019. A Guide to the Crickets of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, VIC, Australia. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9781486305070" type="book" year="2019">Rentz &amp; Su 2019</bibRefCitation>
). As a result, the species
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6063F01B2DFE76D6D2" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maoricum" subGenus="Metioche">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6063F01B2DFAC3D637" box="[1253,1398,1113,1139]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6067D21B08FE81D6D2" box="[199,308,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Metioche</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6066591B09FE76D6D2" box="[332,451,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">maoricum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is reassigned here to
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6065F01B08FB5CD6D2" authority="Rambur, 1838" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1838" box="[741,1257,1148,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Trigonidium">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6065F01B08FCC3D6D2" box="[741,886,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C60649B1B08FBAAD6D2" box="[910,1055,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidium</emphasis>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF37C6063221B08FB5CD6D2" author="Rambur P." box="[1079,1257,1148,1174]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="12 - 94" refId="ref41107" refString="Rambur P. 1838. Orthopteres. Faune entomologique de l'Andalousie 2: 12 - 94." type="journal article" year="1838">Rambur, 1838</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. This is in agreement with
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF37C6066961BD4FD0FD6FE" author="Otte D. &amp; Alexander R. D." box="[387,698,1183,1210]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. &amp; Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte &amp; Alexander (1983)</bibRefCitation>
, who moved most Australian species placed by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF37C6062041BEBFEB9D699" author="Chopard L." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="213 - 500" refId="ref38794" refString="Chopard L. 1968. Fam. Gryllidae: Subfam. Mogoplistinae, Myrmecophilinae, Scleropterinae, Cachoplistinae, Pteroplistinae, Pentacentrinae, Phalangopsinae, Trigonidiinae, Eneopterinae; Fam. Oecanthidae, Gryllotalpidae. Orthopterorum Catalogus 12: 213 - 500." type="journal article" year="1968">Chopard (1968)</bibRefCitation>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6066241BB7FE2BD699" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1877" box="[305,414,1219,1245]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Metioche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6066241BB7FE2BD699" box="[305,414,1219,1245]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Metioche</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
back to
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6065171BB7FD26D699" baseAuthorityName="Otte &amp; Alexander" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[514,659,1219,1245]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6065171BB7FD26D699" box="[514,659,1219,1245]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFF37C6067A81A70FB58D78B" blockId="18.[189,1399,1284,1487]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
The remaining thirteen trigs examined in this study don’t fit the original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6063F01A70FE55D705" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maoricum" subGenus="Trigonidium">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6063F01A70FAC3D75A" box="[1253,1398,1284,1310]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6067D21A53FEEDD705" box="[199,344,1319,1345]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidium</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C60667C1A5CFE55D705" box="[361,480,1320,1345]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">maoricum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in that they have auditory tympana on both the anterior and posterior sides of the fore tibiae, a stridulum with 30 to 40 teeth in males, and a set of hindwings. These characters fit the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C60661F1A1AFE6CD7CC" authorityName="Chopard" authorityYear="1925" box="[266,473,1390,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C60661F1A1AFE6CD7CC" box="[266,473,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidomorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF37C6066FF1A1AFD2DD7CD" author="Chopard L." box="[490,664,1390,1417]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref38732" refString="Chopard L. 1925. Results of Dr. E. Mjoberg's Swedish scientific expeditions to Australia 1910 - 1913. 46. Gryllidae. Arkiv for Zoologi 18 A (6): 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="1925">Chopard 1925</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF37C6065B31A1AFC75D7CC" author="Otte D. &amp; Alexander R. D." box="[678,960,1390,1416]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. &amp; Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte &amp; Alexander 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF37C6064DB1A1AFB2AD7CC" author="Rentz D. &amp; Su Y. N." box="[974,1183,1390,1416]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref41252" refString="Rentz D. &amp; Su Y. N. 2019. A Guide to the Crickets of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, VIC, Australia. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9781486305070" type="book" year="2019">Rentz &amp; Su 2019</bibRefCitation>
) and appear to be most closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6066D81AE5FCB0D7EF" authorityName="Chopard" authorityYear="1925" box="[461,773,1425,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sjostedti">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6066D81AE5FCB0D7EF" box="[461,773,1425,1451]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidomorpha sjostedti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<specimenCount id="9D0B0FD9FFF37C6064011AE5FC30D7EF" box="[788,901,1425,1451]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">One male</specimenCount>
trig from Whitianga, Coromandel (
<collectionCode id="ED1C5C95FFF37C6062301AE5FAC2D7EF" box="[1317,1399,1425,1451]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34070" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34070" name="New Zealand Arthropod Collection" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Other institutional type">NZAC</collectionCode>
03037192) had hindwings when it was collected, but had shed its hindwings five days later.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFF37C6067A81A82FDE2D534" blockId="18.[187,1399,1526,1904]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
All male
<collectingCountry id="F31A84C0FFF37C6066241A82FE64D454" box="[305,465,1526,1552]" name="New Zealand" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
trigs I examined have the same genitalia and the same stridulum with 30 to 40 teeth, regardless of the presence or absence of hindwings and / or auditory tympana. Mitochondrial DNA analysis at the COI locum supports the hypothesis that the two morphs belong to the same species (
<figureCitation id="1336D8D5FFF37C6067D0192BFEA8D43D" box="[197,285,1631,1657]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,435,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-69@62.[189,1398,435,1708]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 31. Gene tree for Trigonidium Rambur, 1838 using Maximum Likelihood analysis of ~700 bp of mtDNA (COI) from 23 specimens and 1000 bootstrap replications. The tree with the highest log likelihood (-3571.04) is shown. Numbers next to the branches indicate the percentage of trees in which the associated taxa are clustered together. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. Specimens in blue were collected as part of this study; the remaining 15 sequences were obtained from the GenBank (Benson et al. 2013) and BOLD (Ratnasingham &amp; Hebert 2007) databases. Detailed information for each specimen included in this analysis can be found in Supp. file 1: Table S11." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742479" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742479/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
) and validates the observations made by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF37C606406192BFC7AD43D" author="Ingrisch S." box="[787,975,1631,1657]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref39894" refString="iNaturalist. 2023. Available from https: // www. inaturalist. org [accessed 18 Oct. 2023]. Ingrisch S. 1977. Das Stridulationsorgan der Kafergrille Trigonidium cicindeloides (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Trigoniinae) und Beobachtungen zur Eidonomie und Ethologie. Entomologica Germanica 3 (4): 324 - 332. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / entom. germ / 3 / 1977 / 324" type="url" year="1977">Ingrisch (1977)</bibRefCitation>
. I am therefore giving an amended description and diagnosis for the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6065B219F6FC8DD4D8" baseAuthorityName="Otte &amp; Alexander" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[679,824,1666,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6065B219F6FC8DD4D8" box="[679,824,1666,1692]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and for the species
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C60632019F6FE81D4FB" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maoricum" subGenus="Trigonidium">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C60632019F6FB73D4D8" box="[1077,1222,1666,1692]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6063C919F6FAD8D4D8" box="[1244,1389,1666,1692]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidium</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6067A819D2FE81D4FB" box="[189,308,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">maoricum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. I am also synonymising the Australian species
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C60647F19D2FB16D484" authorityName="Chopard" authorityYear="1925" box="[874,1187,1702,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sjostedti">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C60647F19D2FB16D484" box="[874,1187,1702,1728]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidomorpha sjostedti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6063F319D2FD87D4A0" authority="(Chopard, 1925)" baseAuthorityName="Chopard" baseAuthorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australianum">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6063F319D2FEECD4A7" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidium australianum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF37C60667A19BDFD9CD4A0" author="Chopard L." box="[367,553,1737,1764]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref38732" refString="Chopard L. 1925. Results of Dr. E. Mjoberg's Swedish scientific expeditions to Australia 1910 - 1913. 46. Gryllidae. Arkiv for Zoologi 18 A (6): 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="1925">Chopard, 1925</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Since
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C60658719BDFC65D4A7" authorityName="Chopard" authorityYear="1925" box="[658,976,1737,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sjostedti">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C60658719BDFC65D4A7" box="[658,976,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidomorpha sjostedti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the
<typeStatus id="54B67AF2FFF37C60633A19BDFBD7D4A7" box="[1071,1122,1737,1763]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
species for the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6067A81998FE39D542" authorityName="Chopard" authorityYear="1925" box="[189,396,1772,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6067A81998FE39D542" box="[189,396,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidomorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the latter genus is synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C60647E1998FC49D542" baseAuthorityName="Otte &amp; Alexander" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[875,1020,1772,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C60647E1998FC49D542" box="[875,1020,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The species
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6063B21998FDA6D56E" authority="Chopard, 1957" authorityName="Chopard" authorityYear="1957" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuripennis">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6063B21998FED7D56D" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidomorpha obscuripennis</emphasis>
Chopard, 1957
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F31A84C0FFF37C606542187BFCBFD56D" box="[599,778,1807,1833]" name="Reunion Island" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Réunion Island</collectingCountry>
, used by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF37C606464187BFB47D56D" author="Chintauan-Marquier I. C. &amp; Legendre F. &amp; Hugel S. &amp; Robillard T. &amp; Grandcolas P. &amp; Nel A. &amp; Zuccon D. &amp; Desutter-Grandcolas L." box="[881,1266,1807,1833]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="54 - 81" refId="ref38657" refString="Chintauan-Marquier I. C., Legendre F., Hugel S., Robillard T., Grandcolas P., Nel A., Zuccon D. &amp; Desutter-Grandcolas L. 2016. Laying the foundations of evolutionary and systematic studies in crickets (Insecta, Orthoptera): a multilocus phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics 32: 54 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12114" type="journal article" year="2016">
Chintauan-Marquier
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6063731864FB2BD56D" box="[1126,1182,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
to reinstate the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C60662C1846FDB3D508" authorityName="Chopard" authorityYear="1925" box="[313,518,1842,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C60662C1846FDB3D508" box="[313,518,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidomorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, should be reassigned to a new genus based on molecular data and on its macroscopically different tegmina.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFF37C6667A818E3FE1BD3F4" blockId="18.[189,1399,1943,2005]" lastBlockId="20.[189,1399,265,432]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Mitochondrial DNA analysis at the COI locum fails to separate the Australian species
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6063F818E3FAC3D5F5" box="[1261,1398,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6067A818CEFDB1D590" baseAuthorityName="Chopard" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[189,516,1978,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australianum" subGenus="Trigonidium">
(
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6067D218CEFEEDD590" box="[199,344,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidium</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C60667D18CEFDB1D590" box="[360,516,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">australianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C60655F18CEFBB0D590" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[586,1029,1978,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maoricum" subGenus="Trigonidium">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C60655F18CEFD6ED590" box="[586,731,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6065F918CEFCC8D590" box="[748,893,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigonidium</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C60649B18CFFBB0D590" box="[910,1029,1979,2004]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">maoricum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1336D8D5FFF37C60630118CEFBDFD590" box="[1044,1130,1978,2004]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,435,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-69@62.[189,1398,435,1708]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 31. Gene tree for Trigonidium Rambur, 1838 using Maximum Likelihood analysis of ~700 bp of mtDNA (COI) from 23 specimens and 1000 bootstrap replications. The tree with the highest log likelihood (-3571.04) is shown. Numbers next to the branches indicate the percentage of trees in which the associated taxa are clustered together. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. Specimens in blue were collected as part of this study; the remaining 15 sequences were obtained from the GenBank (Benson et al. 2013) and BOLD (Ratnasingham &amp; Hebert 2007) databases. Detailed information for each specimen included in this analysis can be found in Supp. file 1: Table S11." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742479" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742479/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
). The two taxa seem to only differ in a few measurements (
<tableCitation id="C68FF1EBFFF57C66654D1E7DFD07D367" box="[600,690,265,291]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="61.[189,259,265,291]" captionText="Table 7. Adult male and female measurements in Trigonidium maoricum (Walker, 1869) and T. australianum (Chopard, 1925). All abbreviations used here are explained in the Material and methods section. All counts and measurements are median values, followed by minimum and maximum values in brackets. N indicates the sample size." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Table 7</tableCitation>
), including the number of teeth in the stridulatory file, which is less than
<quantity id="4CF569B5FFF57C6666591E58FE3FD302" box="[332,394,300,326]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF57C6666831E59FDE4D302" baseAuthorityName="Chopard" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[406,593,300,326]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australianum">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF57C6666831E59FDE4D302" box="[406,593,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">T. australianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF57C6665751E58FCCAD302" author="Otte D. &amp; Alexander R. D." box="[608,895,300,326]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. &amp; Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte &amp; Alexander 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68FF1EBFFF57C6664981E58FC53D303" box="[909,998,300,327]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="61.[189,259,265,291]" captionText="Table 7. Adult male and female measurements in Trigonidium maoricum (Walker, 1869) and T. australianum (Chopard, 1925). All abbreviations used here are explained in the Material and methods section. All counts and measurements are median values, followed by minimum and maximum values in brackets. N indicates the sample size." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Table
<quantity id="4CF569B5FFF57C6664C21E59FC53D303" box="[983,998,301,327]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="in" value="7.0">7</quantity>
</tableCitation>
in this paper). Since I have been unable to examine the male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF57C6665891E24FCE0D32D" baseAuthorityName="Chopard" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[668,853,335,361]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Trigonidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australianum">
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF57C6665891E24FCE0D32D" box="[668,853,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">T. australianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, I am not committing to a synonymy of these two taxa just yet. I do suggest, however, that they are likely to be the same species, and at the most two different subspecies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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