751 lines
74 KiB
XML
751 lines
74 KiB
XML
<document id="DD258A77FD659A505DE177C4DE672BF2" ID-CLB-Dataset="45344" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3826.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="79169acd-3a66-461a-a762-96137cb7e239" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="254573" ID-ZooBank="9279B0A4-B92D-4132-8DD4-CEB9E0DFFE03" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460446318732" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yaghoubi, Ali, Pourjam, Ebrahim, Pedram, Majid, Siddiqi, Mohammad Rafiq & Atighi, Mohammad Reza" docDate="2014" docId="3F21240AF010FF9461BAF9C9CFB50F13" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03826p314.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3826 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Abursanema iranicum Yaghoubi, Pourjam, Pedram, Siddiqi & Atighi, 2014, n. gen." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="309" masterDocId="C3185C72F014FF9D612DFFBBCD170E0E" masterDocTitle="Description of Abursanema iranicum n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Hexatylina, Sphaerularioidea) from Iran and its phylogenetic relationships" masterLastPageNumber="314" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="305" updateTime="1698333441331" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="860C9ADAC70CBF440D594CDE7087D8A5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="B5EE4B4D10ACE71B80306EE03FEFD7DD">
|
||
<mods:title id="57E53F5D6AFF79749D9CC6CABA685E54">Description of Abursanema iranicum n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Hexatylina, Sphaerularioidea) from Iran and its phylogenetic relationships</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="D3536CEA9E6F02516BC9208D044DD349" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="42F647775EE59EB7E8113B924F9469A1">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="8052ED0FBEFE20875A1B417370C90047">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="13DB27189B9861399DCF08704F8C598F">Yaghoubi, Ali</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="0B6B49A9ABCBCD4FA565033937522FA7" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="91E5FC2D7CCFCCA6A203840D1C72AA45">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="E41CBE6B64714E11D6A50560A0D5402D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="E85B8D435FF966CF16487E7302C71D39">Pourjam, Ebrahim</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="3F2462B2E8B6A8C8539A669727B8BBF2" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1D076CEB02978CB97598EE0BA3F17FFE">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="9EA2C0A52C780F9ED9E51F9EF795C4DB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9126FADC650B6D108ACF129D386402B5">Pedram, Majid</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="DB06BEA42A95B26F343210A307206149" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C99A3BE136D1C0F94FC59755FE8A4F27">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="89D7F3EDBBC23735D67A6A2BC14C79D5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="FB7DC1861138A44E01F87CC76B5AD17B">Siddiqi, Mohammad Rafiq</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="DF48C192165B5A4B4E5B5A7972941945" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1A051A8C05852E37F9CAD3FCF1A7E393">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="67A9C8AD1C2477A4B480287DEF8BBF98">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="62B8851F4390AB2F115A9383751ACC14">Atighi, Mohammad Reza</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="35A596D4DAFAFDD98C1E2545298ED93D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="A4F7DBCDDDD69968A7E80F83BDEFC207" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="6259A1DDE5820C22BD8A1CF4A6BAAB64">
|
||
<mods:title id="C1E1F64CEFF7C8928ECFDDD482556623">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="FC3AEBD868C4BC2F98D9303812064685">
|
||
<mods:date id="217EF6F6ACB13E0B6D1B2F18DA8F62C0">2014</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="C1D6E85823BBD8EC0DA03F4B58A24FF6" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="1A4D3E13184BBE6F66A7E5DE34C62362">3826</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="455F7BF6A5DD031E84BC4F760979B3B5" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="881EFBE074731D8C13D8F4C11D87D4F4">2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="56162F26799184EE0938940FEBF58F4D" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="0F3B9A64A293B5BC16E8CC9572001FA3">301</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="CC7FED411FA05552AD3F040C02F2E6E4">314</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="C8F177FC0195A7A2DBC4E390D0ED4B57">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1671E8D900930C5F582CA50970DEF56C" type="CLB-Dataset">45344</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5665ABB48C23C34B4F829E765F34BFD8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3826.2.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1FF57E57B90CC9796A9FF4DFF21A28F2" type="GBIF-Dataset">79169acd-3a66-461a-a762-96137cb7e239</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="96BECC623C533BB49C6B24D5353F1196" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="75FC2DD3660A4C69E5B71AB7E2831C1C" type="Zenodo-Dep">254573</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7DA3F386F9CC85B03791E93209FE0C10" type="ZooBank">9279B0A4-B92D-4132-8DD4-CEB9E0DFFE03</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="3F21240AF010FF9461BAF9C9CFB50F13" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5622100" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119509499" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5622100" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F21240AF010FF9461BAF9C9CFB50F13" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F21240AF010FF9461BAF9C9CFB50F13" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<subSubSection id="FF92C697F010FF9961BAF9C9CC3708A0" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="B737951CF010FF9961BAF9C9CF450883" blockId="4.[151,594,1650,1710]" box="[151,594,1650,1677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<heading id="EC7F2270F010FF9961BAF9C9CF450883" bold="true" box="[151,594,1650,1677]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF010FF9961BAF9C9CF450883" bold="true" box="[151,594,1650,1677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF010FF9961BAF9C9CCBF0882" box="[151,424,1650,1676]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerulariidae" genus="Abursanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="iranicum" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF010FF9961BAF9C9CCBF0882" bold="true" box="[151,424,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Abursanema iranicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ECFF475F010FF996082F9C8CF150883" box="[431,514,1651,1677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, n. sp.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B737951CF010FF9961BAF92ECC3708A0" blockId="4.[151,594,1650,1710]" box="[151,288,1685,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FB38999F010FF9961B2F92ECDF208A0" box="[159,229,1685,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[181,1417,203,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1869]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Abursanema iranicum n. gen., n. sp. A: Anterior body region, with details of pharynx; B: Head region, showing annulated inner cuticle; C: Female reproductive system; D, E: Male and female entire body; F: Male cloacal region showing absence of bursa; G: Female, cross section; H: Anterior end of female reproductive system, showing extension over the posterior part of the pharynx." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254574/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
&
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FB38999F010FF996024F92DCC0F08A0" box="[265,280,1686,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1675]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Abursanema iranicum n. gen., n. sp. A: Anterior body region showing annulated inner cuticle and details of stylet; B: Female tail end; C: Extension of pharynx; D: Lip region, en – face view; E: Lateral field; F: Part of female reproductive system showing spermatheca; G & H: Male cloacal region, ventral and lateral view; I: Anterior end of female reproductive system, showing extension over the posterior part of the pharynx and excretory pore (arrow); J: Phasmid (arrow) (scale bars: D = 5 µm, all the rest = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254575/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">2</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FF92C697F010FF9A61BAF966CE9D097F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="308" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="B737951CF010FF9961BAF966CCCA08F8" blockId="4.[151,477,1757,1782]" box="[151,477,1757,1782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF010FF9961BAF966CC5A08F8" bold="true" box="[151,333,1757,1782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
See
|
||
<tableCitation id="FA0AA0A7F010FF9960AEF966CCCF08F8" box="[387,472,1757,1782]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1366,234,1415]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 3. Morphometrics of Abursanema iranicum n. gen., n. sp. All measurements are in μm and in the form: mean ± s. d. (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3F7C594F013FF9A61BAFF23CC000EC1" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" tableUuid="E3F7C594F013FF9A61BAFF23CC000EC1">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B737951CF010FF9A61BAF89EC9420897" blockId="4.[151,1437,1829,1998]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,1484,2013]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="308" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF010FF9961BAF89ECC7C0930" bold="true" box="[151,363,1829,1854]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Description. Male</emphasis>
|
||
. Free-living. Body slightly ventrally arcuate after heat relaxation. Inner cuticle finely annulated, outer cuticle smooth throughout body length, lateral field with two incisures. Deirid at the level of excretory pore. Lip region low, rounded and slightly flattened, continuous with body contour. Stylet short, weak, 6.5–10.5 Μm, without basal knobs, dorsal arm of the shaft slightly longer than the ventral. Orifice of dorsal gland 1–2 Μm behind stylet base. Corpus cylindroid, metacorpus weakly developed, spindle-shaped, without a valvular apparatus, isthmus narrow, 35–47 Μm long. Basal bulb large, pyriform, with stem-like extension projecting into the lumen of intestine. Excretory pore opening at the level of middle of basal bulb, 86–107 Μm from anterior end. Hemizonid located just anterior to excretory pore. Nerve ring enveloping isthmus in its posterior half. Testis single, anteriorly outstretched, gonoduct 159–252 Μm long; sperm spheroid. Spicules paired, ventrally arcuate, with rounded manubrium and pointed distal tip, gubernaculum arcuate. Bursa absent. Phasmid hardly visible, located at 0.75–1.0 times body width posterior to cloaca. Tail long, with narrowly rounded or pointed tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E3F7C594F011FF9861BAF8D8CCD709DB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254574/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" targetBox="[181,1417,203,1848]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="B737951CF011FF9861BAF8D8CCD709DB" blockId="5.[151,1436,1891,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF011FF9861BAF8D8CC030977" bold="true" box="[151,276,1891,1913]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF011FF986036F8D8CCE90977" box="[283,510,1891,1913]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerulariidae" genus="Abursanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="iranicum" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF011FF986036F8D8CCE90977" box="[283,510,1891,1913]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Abursanema iranicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ECFF475F011FF986329F8D8CF5A0977" box="[516,589,1891,1913]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF011FF986329F8D8CF5A0977" bold="true" box="[516,589,1891,1913]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF011FF986377F8D8CF830977" bold="true" box="[602,660,1891,1913]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
A: Anterior body region, with details of pharynx; B: Head region, showing annulated inner cuticle; C: Female reproductive system; D, E: Male and female entire body; F: Male cloacal region showing absence of bursa; G: Female, cross section; H: Anterior end of female reproductive system, showing extension over the posterior part of the pharynx.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E3F7C594F012FF9B61BAF91ACCD4093F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254575/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1675]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="B737951CF012FF9B61BAF91ACCD4093F" blockId="6.[151,1436,1697,1841]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF012FF9B61BAF91ACC0508B9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1697,1719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF012FF9B6035F91ACCEF08B9" box="[280,504,1697,1719]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerulariidae" genus="Abursanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="iranicum" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF012FF9B6035F91ACCEF08B9" box="[280,504,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Abursanema iranicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ECFF475F012FF9B60D2F91ACF5108B9" box="[511,582,1697,1719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF012FF9B60D2F91ACF5108B9" bold="true" box="[511,582,1697,1719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF012FF9B637FF91ACF9D08B9" bold="true" box="[594,650,1697,1719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
A: Anterior body region showing annulated inner cuticle and details of stylet; B: Female tail end; C: Extension of pharynx; D: Lip region, en
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF012FF9B621DF97ACE2A08D8" box="[816,829,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">–</emphasis>
|
||
face view; E: Lateral field; F: Part of female reproductive system showing spermatheca; G&H: Male cloacal region, ventral and lateral view; I: Anterior end of female reproductive system, showing extension over the posterior part of the pharynx and excretory pore (arrow); J: Phasmid (arrow) (scale bars: D = 5 µm, all the rest = 10 µm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E3F7C594F013FF9A61BAFF23CC000EC1" ID-Table-UUID="E3F7C594F013FF9A61BAFF23CC000EC1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3F7C594F013FF9A61BAFF23CC000EC1" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" targetBox="[159,1366,234,1415]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="B737951CF013FF9A61BAFF23CC000EC1" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,207]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A61BAFF23CC1E0EA1" bold="true" box="[151,265,152,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometrics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF013FF9A60F5FF2CCFD10EA1" box="[472,710,151,175]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerulariidae" genus="Abursanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="iranicum" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A60F5FF2CCFD10EA1" box="[472,710,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Abursanema iranicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ECFF475F013FF9A63E1FF23CE0F0EA1" box="[716,792,152,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A63E1FF23CE0F0EA1" bold="true" box="[716,792,152,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A6209FF23CE760EA1" bold="true" box="[804,865,152,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
All measurements are in μm and in the form: mean ± s.d. (range).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B737951CF013FF9A61B2FF51C9640B89" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<table id="C58867BCF013006261B2FF51C8410B89" box="[159,1366,234,1415]" gridcols="3" gridrows="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FF51C8410F0E" box="[159,1366,234,256]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FF51CFBD0F0E" box="[159,682,234,256]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Characters Male</th>
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFF51C8410F0E" box="[1126,1366,234,256]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Female</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FEAFC8410F24" box="[159,1366,276,298]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FEAFCFBD0F24" box="[159,682,276,298]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Holotype</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FEAFCEF20F24" box="[757,997,276,298]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Paratypes</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFEAFC8410F24" box="[1126,1366,276,298]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Paratypes</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FE85C8410F5A" box="[159,1366,318,340]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FE85CFBD0F5A" box="[159,682,318,340]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">n –</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FE85CEF20F5A" box="[757,997,318,340]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">16</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFE85C8410F5A" box="[1126,1366,318,340]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">26</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FED3C8410F70" box="[159,1366,360,382]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FED3CFBD0F70" box="[159,682,360,382]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">L 586</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FED3CEF20F70" box="[757,997,360,382]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
561.0 ± 20.7 (525
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A6287FED2CEA00F70" box="[938,951,361,382]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
593)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFED3C8410F70" box="[1126,1366,360,382]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
684.0±40.6 (585
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A6423FED2C80D0F70" box="[1294,1306,361,382]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
740)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FE2AC8410FA9" box="[159,1366,401,423]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FE2ACFBD0FA9" box="[159,682,401,423]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">L' 462</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FE2ACEF20FA9" box="[757,997,401,423]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
437 ± 14 (412
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A62A9FE29CE870FA9" box="[900,912,402,423]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
462)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFE2AC8410FA9" box="[1126,1366,401,423]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
540 ± 36.3 (465
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A642AFE29C8040FA9" box="[1287,1299,402,423]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
595)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FE01C8410FDE" box="[159,1366,442,464]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FE01CFBD0FDE" box="[159,682,442,464]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">a 34.5</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FE01CEF20FDE" box="[757,997,442,464]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
33.6 ± 1.9 (31
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A62A9FE00CE870FDE" box="[900,912,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
37)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFE01C8410FDE" box="[1126,1366,442,464]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
32.0 ± 1.2 (29
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A65D9FE00C8170FDE" box="[1268,1280,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
34)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FE5FC8410FF4" box="[159,1366,484,506]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FE5FCFBD0FF4" box="[159,682,484,506]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">b 4.2</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FE5FCEF20FF4" box="[757,997,484,506]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
4.3 ± 0.2 (4
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A6247FE5ECE600FF4" box="[874,887,485,506]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
5)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFE5FC8410FF4" box="[1126,1366,484,506]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
4.8 ± 0.4 (4.1
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A65C3FE5EC9ED0FF4" box="[1262,1274,485,506]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
5.4)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FDB6C8410C2D" box="[159,1366,525,547]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FDB6CFBD0C2D" box="[159,682,525,547]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">c 4.7</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FDB6CEF20C2D" box="[757,997,525,547]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
4.6 ± 4.0 (4.0
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A6250FDB5CE9E0C2D" box="[893,905,526,547]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
5.6)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFDB6C8410C2D" box="[1126,1366,525,547]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
4.8 ± 0.5 (3.9
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A65C3FDB5C9ED0C2D" box="[1262,1274,526,547]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
5.6)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FD8DC8410C43" box="[159,1366,566,589]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FD8DCFBD0C43" box="[159,682,566,589]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">c' 7.8</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FD8DCEF20C43" box="[757,997,566,589]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
8.1 ± 1.1 (6.3
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A6250FD83CE9E0C43" box="[893,905,568,589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
9.8)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFD8DC8410C43" box="[1126,1366,566,589]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
8.8 ± 1.2 (6.8
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A65C3FD83C9ED0C43" box="[1262,1274,568,589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
11.6)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FDDBC8410C78" box="[159,1366,608,630]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FDDBCFBD0C78" box="[159,682,608,630]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">V or T 40.4</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FDDBCEF20C78" box="[757,997,608,630]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
41.0 ±4.9 (31
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A6250FDDACE9E0C78" box="[893,905,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
48)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFDDBC8410C78" box="[1126,1366,608,630]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
70.7 ± 1.9 (66
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A65D9FDDAC8170C78" box="[1268,1280,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
75)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FD32C8410C91" box="[159,1366,649,671]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FD32CFBD0C91" box="[159,682,649,671]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">V' –</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FD32CEF20C91" box="[757,997,649,671]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFD32C8410C91" box="[1126,1366,649,671]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
89.6 ± 0.9 (88.0
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A642AFD31C8040C91" box="[1287,1299,650,671]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
91.5)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FD09C8410CC6" box="[159,1366,690,712]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FD09CFBD0CC6" box="[159,682,690,712]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Head height 2.5</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FD09CEF20CC6" box="[757,997,690,712]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
2.1 ± 0.3 (1.5
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A6250FD08CE9E0CC6" box="[893,905,691,712]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
2.5)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFD09C8410CC6" box="[1126,1366,690,712]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
2.3 ± 0.3 (2
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A65F6FD08C9FF0CC6" box="[1243,1256,691,712]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
3)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FD67C8410CFC" box="[159,1366,732,754]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FD67CFBD0CFC" box="[159,682,732,754]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Head width 6</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FD67CEF20CFC" box="[757,997,732,754]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
5.8 ± 0.2 (5.5
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A6250FD66CE9E0CFC" box="[893,905,733,754]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
6.0)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFD67C8410CFC" box="[1126,1366,732,754]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
6.8 ± 0.5 (6
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A65F6FD66C9FF0CFC" box="[1243,1256,733,754]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
8)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FCBEC8410D15" box="[159,1366,773,795]" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FCBECFBD0D15" box="[159,682,773,795]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Stylet 9</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FCBECEF20D15" box="[757,997,773,795]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
8.5 ± 1.2 (6.5
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A6250FCBDCE9E0D15" box="[893,905,774,795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
10.5)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFCBEC8410D15" box="[1126,1366,773,795]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
8.9 ± 0.7 (8.0
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A65C3FCBDC9ED0D15" box="[1262,1274,774,795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
10)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FC95C8410D4B" box="[159,1366,814,837]" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FC95CFBD0D4B" box="[159,682,814,837]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Conus 3</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FC95CEF20D4B" box="[757,997,814,837]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
3.3 ± 0.6 (2
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A6247FC8BCE600D4B" box="[874,887,816,837]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
4)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFC95C8410D4B" box="[1126,1366,814,837]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
3.7 ± 0.6 (3
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A65F6FC8BC9FF0D4B" box="[1243,1256,816,837]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
5)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FCE3C8410D60" box="[159,1366,856,878]" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FCE3CFBD0D60" box="[159,682,856,878]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">m 33</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FCE3CEF20D60" box="[757,997,856,878]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
40.5 ± 5.5 (33
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A62A9FCE2CE870D60" box="[900,912,857,878]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
50)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFCE3C8410D60" box="[1126,1366,856,878]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
41.0 ± 6.5 (30
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A65D8FCE2C8160D60" box="[1269,1281,857,878]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
50)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FC3AC8410D99" box="[159,1366,897,919]" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FC3ACFBD0D99" box="[159,682,897,919]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Anterior end to centre of median bulb 57</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FC3ACEF20D99" box="[757,997,897,919]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
52.0 ± 4.2 (45
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A62A9FC39CE870D99" box="[900,912,898,919]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
58)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFC3AC8410D99" box="[1126,1366,897,919]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
51.7 ± 4.0 (43
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A65D8FC39C8160D99" box="[1269,1281,898,919]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
58)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FC11C8410DCE" box="[159,1366,938,960]" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FC11CFBD0DCE" box="[159,682,938,960]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">MB 41</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FC11CEF20DCE" box="[757,997,938,960]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
40.1 ± 3.2 (34.6
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A62BAFC10CEB40DCE" box="[919,931,939,960]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
45.2)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFC11C8410DCE" box="[1126,1366,938,960]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
36.3 ± 3.5 (32.5
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A642AFC10C8040DCE" box="[1287,1299,939,960]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
46.0)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FC6FC8410DE4" box="[159,1366,980,1002]" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FC6FCFBD0DE4" box="[159,682,980,1002]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Excretory pore 107</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FC6FCEF20DE4" box="[757,997,980,1002]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
99.0 ± 6.3 (86
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A62A9FC6ECE870DE4" box="[900,912,981,1002]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
107)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFC6FC8410DE4" box="[1126,1366,980,1002]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
108.7 ± 6.0 (98
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A642CFC6EC8190DE4" box="[1281,1294,981,1002]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
121)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FC46C8410A1D" box="[159,1366,1021,1043]" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FC46CFBD0A1D" box="[159,682,1021,1043]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Pharynx 139</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FC46CEF20A1D" box="[757,997,1021,1043]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
130.0 ± 6.4 (111
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A62B6FC45CEB00A1D" box="[923,935,1022,1043]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
139)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFC46C8410A1D" box="[1126,1366,1021,1043]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
144.0 ± 10.2 (123
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A6437FC45C8300A1D" box="[1306,1319,1022,1043]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
163)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FB9DC8410A33" box="[159,1366,1062,1085]" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FB9DCFBD0A33" box="[159,682,1062,1085]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
Head
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A61F9FB93CDF70A33" box="[212,224,1064,1085]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
vulva –
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FB9DCEF20A33" box="[757,997,1062,1085]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFB9DC8410A33" box="[1126,1366,1062,1085]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
484.0 ± 32.6 (415
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A6437FB93C8300A33" box="[1306,1319,1064,1085]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
531)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FBEBC8410A68" box="[159,1366,1104,1126]" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FBEBCFBD0A68" box="[159,682,1104,1126]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Max. body diam. 17</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FBEBCEF20A68" box="[757,997,1104,1126]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
16.8 ± 0.9 (15
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A62A9FBEACE870A68" box="[900,912,1105,1126]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
18)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFBEBC8410A68" box="[1126,1366,1104,1126]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
21.4 ± 1.2 (18
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A65D8FBEAC8160A68" box="[1269,1281,1105,1126]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
23)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FBC2C8410A81" box="[159,1366,1145,1167]" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FBC2CFBD0A81" box="[159,682,1145,1167]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">PUS –</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FBC2CEF20A81" box="[757,997,1145,1167]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFBC2C8410A81" box="[1126,1366,1145,1167]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
7.8 ± 1.3 (5
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A65F6FBC1C9FF0A81" box="[1243,1256,1146,1167]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
10)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FB19C8410AB6" box="[159,1366,1186,1208]" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FB19CFBD0AB6" box="[159,682,1186,1208]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">PUS/BW –</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FB19CEF20AB6" box="[757,997,1186,1208]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFB19C8410AB6" box="[1126,1366,1186,1208]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
0.4 ± 0.1 (0.3
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A65C3FB18C9ED0AB6" box="[1262,1274,1187,1208]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.5)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FB77C8410AEC" box="[159,1366,1228,1250]" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FB77CFBD0AEC" box="[159,682,1228,1250]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Anal/cloacal body diam. 16</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FB77CEF20AEC" box="[757,997,1228,1250]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
15.3 ± 0.7 (13.5
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A62BAFB76CEB40AEC" box="[919,931,1229,1250]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
16.0)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFB77C8410AEC" box="[1126,1366,1228,1250]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
16.6 ± 1.7 (13
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A65D9FB76C8170AEC" box="[1268,1280,1229,1250]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
20)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FB4EC8410B05" box="[159,1366,1269,1291]" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FB4ECFBD0B05" box="[159,682,1269,1291]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
Vulva
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A61CCFB4DCDF90B05" box="[225,238,1270,1291]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
anus –
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FB4ECEF20B05" box="[757,997,1269,1291]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFB4EC8410B05" box="[1126,1366,1269,1291]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
56.0 ± 6.3 (46
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A65D9FB4DC8170B05" box="[1268,1280,1270,1291]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
69)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FAA5C8410B3B" box="[159,1366,1310,1333]" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FAA5CFBD0B3B" box="[159,682,1310,1333]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Tail 124</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FAA5CEF20B3B" box="[757,997,1310,1333]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
123.0 ± 14.3 (97
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A62B0FA9BCEBE0B3B" box="[925,937,1312,1333]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
142)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFAA5C8410B3B" box="[1126,1366,1310,1333]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
144.3 ± 16.0 (109
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A6437FA9BC8300B3B" box="[1306,1319,1312,1333]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
174)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FAF3C8410B50" box="[159,1366,1352,1374]" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FAF3CFBD0B50" box="[159,682,1352,1374]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Spicule 22</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FAF3CEF20B50" box="[757,997,1352,1374]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
20.6 ± 1.4 (18
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A62A9FAF2CE870B50" box="[900,912,1353,1374]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
23)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFAF3C8410B50" box="[1126,1366,1352,1374]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09B8975EF013006261B2FACAC8410B89" box="[159,1366,1393,1415]" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<th id="4A69FE22F013006261B2FACACFBD0B89" box="[159,682,1393,1415]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Gubernaculum 6</th>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F013006263D8FACACEF20B89" box="[757,997,1393,1415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
6.1 ± 0.8 (4
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A6247FAC9CE600B89" box="[874,887,1394,1415]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</emphasis>
|
||
7)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4A69FE22F0130062654BFACAC8410B89" box="[1126,1366,1393,1415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B737951CF013FF9A61D8F91FCE9D097F" blockId="7.[151,1437,1484,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A61D8F91FCC5B08B3" bold="true" box="[245,332,1700,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Female</emphasis>
|
||
. Free-living (infective entomoparasitic female not found). General morphology similar to that of male, except for character states associated with sexual differences. Reproductive system monodelphic-prodelphic, ovary with single row of oocytes, usually reflexed two times at proximal end, spermatheca rounded to ellipsoid, filled with spheroid sperm, crustaformeria short,
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A63F0F8AACFE00926" box="[733,759,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">ca</emphasis>
|
||
1.7–2.1 body widths long, vulva a transverse slit, vagina extending into the body a little less than half body width, postvulval uterine sac less than corresponding body width. Vulva-anus distance 46–69 Μm,
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A6360F8E2CF7F097E" box="[589,616,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">ca</emphasis>
|
||
0.3–0.6 of the tail length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FF92C697F013FF9561EAF8C7CCC80A56" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="B737951CF013FF9A61EAF8C7CFC009B6" blockId="7.[151,1437,1484,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A61EAF8C7CC59099B" bold="true" box="[199,334,1916,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name of the genus is Greek meaning ‘nematode without a bursa’ and is neuter in gender. Specific epithet refers to the country of occurrence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B737951CF013FF9561EAF87FCCD30CFE" blockId="7.[151,1437,1484,2013]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF013FF9A61EAF87FC90209D3" bold="true" box="[199,1045,1988,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Molecular phylogenetic relationships. Partial 18S rDNA phylogeny.</emphasis>
|
||
Our 942 bp partial SSU rDNA sequence, GenBank accession number
|
||
<accessionNumber id="A8DB08FFF01CFF956347FF2CCFF20EBE" box="[618,741,151,176]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KF885743" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">KF885743</accessionNumber>
|
||
, was used to determine the phylogenetic relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9561BAFF07CC320EDA" box="[151,293,188,212]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerulariidae" genus="Abursanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF9561BAFF07CC320EDA" box="[151,293,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Abursanema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ECFF475F01CFF956002FF07CC960EDB" box="[303,385,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF956002FF07CC960EDB" bold="true" box="[303,385,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
with other tylenchid nematodes. A BlastN search of the GenBank sequence database was performed and the closest sequences/species, along with sequences of genera with morphological similarity, were selected for inclusion in the analyses. The dataset was composed of 2493 total characters, of which 2118 characters were variable and 1824 characters were parsimony-informative after manual editing. The average nucleotide composition was as follows: 25.7% A, 20.6% C, 26.4% G and 27.2 % T.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FB38999F01CFF9562E8FEF7C9350F6A" box="[965,1058,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1679,1701]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,1657]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,339,1657]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bayesian 50 % majority rule consensus tree inferred from 25 sequences of partial SSU rDNA under the GTR + I + G model. Posterior probabilities and ML BS values> 50 % are given on appropriate clades in the shape BPP / ML BS. The new genus is in bold." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254576/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
presents a Bayesian phylogenetic tree inferred from the multiple alignment of partial SSU sequences of 23 tylenchid taxa, one outgroup taxon and one isolate of the newly recovered/sequenced genus. The BPP and ML BS values are given on the appropriate clades in the form BPP/ML BS. In this tree, the new genus forms a clade with one species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9565E9FE03CDD80FFA" authority="Thorne, 1941" authorityName="Thorne" authorityYear="1941" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Deladenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF9565E9FE03C82B0FDE" box="[1220,1340,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Deladenus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D319E8EDF01CFF956469FE0CCDD80FFA" author="Thorne" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" refString="Thorne, G. (1941) Some nematodes of the family Tylenchidae which do not possess a valvular median esophageal bulb. Great Basin Naturalist, 2, 37 - 85." type="journal article" year="1941">Thorne, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(saccession number
|
||
<accessionNumber id="A8DB08FFF01CFF9560E3FE67CF5E0FFB" box="[462,585,476,501]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU306345" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">EU306345</accessionNumber>
|
||
), and two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF956275FE67CEFB0FFA" box="[856,1004,476,500]" class="Secernentea" family="Sphaerulariidae" genus="Sphaerularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF956275FE67CEFB0FFA" box="[856,1004,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Sphaerularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(accession numbers
|
||
<accessionNumber id="A8DB08FFF01CFF9565C6FE67C8710FFB" box="[1259,1382,476,501]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB300595" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
AB
|
||
<date id="C336B3DCF01CFF95643CFE67C8710FFB" box="[1297,1382,476,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" value="95-05-30">300595</date>
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
and
|
||
<accessionNumber id="A8DB08FFF01CFF9561BAFE44CC010C16" box="[151,278,511,536]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB250213" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
AB
|
||
<date id="C336B3DCF01CFF956193FE44CC010C16" box="[190,278,511,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" value="13-02-25">250213</date>
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
), members of the superfamily Sphaerularioidea (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D319E8EDF01CFF95624DFE44CEEC0C16" author="Siddiqi" box="[864,1019,511,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. (2000) Tylenchida: Parasites of Plants and Insects, 2 nd Edition. Wallingford, CABI Publishing, UK, 833 pp." type="book" year="2000">Siddiqi, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The monophyly of this clade is well supported in both
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CF9FD58CF01CFF956049FD9ECC970C32" box="[356,384,549,572]" name="Belgium" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">BI</collectingCountry>
|
||
and ML methods (1.00 and 0.96% respectively). The other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9565B3FD9FC8010C32" box="[1182,1302,548,572]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Deladenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF9565B3FD9FC8010C32" box="[1182,1302,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Deladenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
used in our analyses (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF956026FDF2CF430C6E" authority="Bedding, 1974" authorityName="Bedding" authorityYear="1974" box="[267,596,583,608]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Deladenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="proximus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF956026FDF2CC8D0C51" box="[267,410,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">D. proximus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D319E8EDF01CFF95608BFDFCCF430C6E" author="Bedding" box="[422,596,583,608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" refString="Bedding, R. A. (1974) Five new species of Deladenus (Neotylenchidae), entomophagous mycetophagous nematodes parasitic in siricid woodwasps. Nematologica, 20, 204 - 225. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529274 x 00186" type="journal article" year="1974">Bedding, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, accession number
|
||
<accessionNumber id="A8DB08FFF01CFF956213FDF3CEB90C6E" box="[830,942,584,608]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JF304744" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">JF304744</accessionNumber>
|
||
) does not share a common ancestor with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9561BAFDD7CC180C8A" box="[151,271,620,644]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Deladenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF9561BAFDD7CC180C8A" box="[151,271,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Deladenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="A8DB08FFF01CFF956062FDD7CCDB0C8B" box="[335,460,620,645]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU306345" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">EU306345</accessionNumber>
|
||
) and occupies another position in the tree. This clade forms a sister clade to the remaining members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9560B0FD34CF0F0CA6" box="[413,536,655,680]" class="Secernentea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Hexatylina">Hexatylina</taxonomicName>
|
||
with low BPP (0.55) and no support under ML. Based on the current paucity of data and the restricted number of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF95633CFD0FCF9B0CC3" box="[529,652,692,717]" class="Secernentea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Hexatylina">Hexatylina</taxonomicName>
|
||
species that have been sequenced, the relationships among these taxa cannot be clearly resolved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B737951CF01CFF9561EAFD47CCC80A56" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF9561EAFD47CFB40D1B" bold="true" box="[199,675,764,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">D2/D3 segment of 28S rDNA phylogeny.</emphasis>
|
||
To reconstruct the 28S rDNA tree, a 706 bp partial sequence of D2/ D3 region with accession number
|
||
<accessionNumber id="A8DB08FFF01CFF956308FCA4CF8A0D36" box="[549,669,799,824]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KF885742" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">KF885742</accessionNumber>
|
||
was used.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FB38999F01CFF95620CFCA4CE950D36" box="[801,898,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bayesian 50 % majority rule consensus tree inferred from 39 sequences of D 2 / D 3 expansion segment of 28 S rDNA under the GTR + I + G model. Posterior probabilities and ML BS values> 50 % are given on appropriate clades in the shape BPP / ML BS. The new genus is in bold." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254577/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
presents the phylogenetic tree of 37 tylenchid taxa, one outgroup and one isolate of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF956312FCFFCE2E0D52" box="[575,825,836,860]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerulariidae" genus="Abursanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="iranicum" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF956312FCFFCE2E0D52" box="[575,825,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Abursanema iranicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ECFF475F01CFF95626CFCFFCE870D53" box="[833,912,836,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF95626CFCFFCE870D53" bold="true" box="[833,912,836,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF9562B2FCFFCEC90D53" bold="true" box="[927,990,836,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
The dataset was composed of 941 total characters of which 887 characters were variable and 827 characters were parsimony-informative after manual editing, with an average nucleotide composition of 23.7 % A, 19.6 % C, 29.8 % G and 26.9 % T. As in the 18S tree, the new genus formed a clade with two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9563F1FC0BCE670DC6" box="[732,880,944,968]" class="Secernentea" family="Sphaerulariidae" genus="Sphaerularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF9563F1FC0BCE670DC6" box="[732,880,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Sphaerularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<accessionNumber id="A8DB08FFF01CFF9562ACFC14CEEA0DC6" box="[897,1021,943,968]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB300595" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
AB
|
||
<date id="C336B3DCF01CFF95628AFC14CEEA0DC6" box="[935,1021,943,968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" value="95-05-30">300595</date>
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
and
|
||
<accessionNumber id="A8DB08FFF01CFF95651AFC14C9A40DC6" box="[1079,1203,943,968]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB733665" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">AB733665</accessionNumber>
|
||
) with high BPP and ML BS support. This makes sense, considering the morphological similarities of these taxa, mostly in the shape of the pharynx. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D319E8EDF01CFF9560E9FC4CCF7F0A1E" author="Siddiqi" box="[452,616,1015,1040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. (2000) Tylenchida: Parasites of Plants and Insects, 2 nd Edition. Wallingford, CABI Publishing, UK, 833 pp." type="book" year="2000">Siddiqi (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the families
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9563D3FC4CCEB90A1E" box="[766,942,1015,1040]" class="Secernentea" family="Sphaerulariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Sphaerulariidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9562C9FC4CC9910A1E" box="[996,1158,1015,1040]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Paurodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are synonymous and the grouping of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF95600EFBA7CCA00A3A" box="[291,439,1052,1076]" class="Secernentea" family="Sphaerulariidae" genus="Sphaerularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF95600EFBA7CCA00A3A" box="[291,439,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Sphaerularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as a member of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF956353FBA7CE260A3B" box="[638,817,1052,1077]" class="Secernentea" family="Sphaerulariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Sphaerulariidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the new genus, as a member of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9565F8FBA7C86D0A3B" box="[1237,1402,1052,1077]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Paurodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in our tree supports his opinion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FF92C697F01CFF9461EAFBDFCFB50F13" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="310" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="B737951CF01CFF9461EAFBDFCFB50F13" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="310" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF9561EAFBDFCC5B0A73" bold="true" box="[199,332,1124,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Our phylogenetic study, using both partial 18S rDNA and D2/D3 segment of 28S rDNA, reveals new insights on the molecular phylogenetic affinities of members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9562B2FB3CC90A0AAE" box="[927,1053,1159,1184]" class="Secernentea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Hexatylina">Hexatylina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9565B4FB33C8310AAE" box="[1177,1318,1160,1184]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerulariidae" genus="Abursanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF9565B4FB33C8310AAE" box="[1177,1318,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Abursanema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ECFF475F01CFF956403FB3CC86A0AAE" box="[1326,1405,1159,1184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF956403FB3CC86A0AAE" bold="true" box="[1326,1405,1159,1184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
In constructed trees using partial sequences of both SSU (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FB38999F01CFF956261FB17CE8F0ACA" box="[844,920,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1679,1701]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,1657]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,339,1657]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bayesian 50 % majority rule consensus tree inferred from 25 sequences of partial SSU rDNA under the GTR + I + G model. Posterior probabilities and ML BS values> 50 % are given on appropriate clades in the shape BPP / ML BS. The new genus is in bold." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254576/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) and LSU (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FB38999F01CFF956514FB17C9900ACA" box="[1081,1159,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bayesian 50 % majority rule consensus tree inferred from 39 sequences of D 2 / D 3 expansion segment of 28 S rDNA under the GTR + I + G model. Posterior probabilities and ML BS values> 50 % are given on appropriate clades in the shape BPP / ML BS. The new genus is in bold." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254577/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF956588FB17C8240ACA" box="[1189,1331,1196,1220]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerulariidae" genus="Abursanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF956588FB17C8240ACA" box="[1189,1331,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Abursanema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ECFF475F01CFF956469FB17C88C0ACB" box="[1348,1435,1196,1221]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF956469FB17C88C0ACB" bold="true" box="[1348,1435,1196,1221]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9561B3FB74CC530AE6" box="[158,324,1231,1256]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Paurodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) clusters with sequenced species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9563C0FB6BC95E0AE6" box="[749,1097,1231,1256]" class="Secernentea" family="Sphaerulariidae" genus="Sphaerularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF9563C0FB6BCE960AE6" box="[749,897,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Sphaerularia</emphasis>
|
||
(Sphaerularidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, supporting the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9561BAFB4FCC2E0B03" box="[151,313,1268,1293]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Paurodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF956058FB4FCF320B03" box="[373,549,1268,1293]" class="Secernentea" family="Sphaerulariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Sphaerulariidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D319E8EDF01CFF95631BFB4FCFC30B02" author="Siddiqi" box="[566,724,1268,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. (2000) Tylenchida: Parasites of Plants and Insects, 2 nd Edition. Wallingford, CABI Publishing, UK, 833 pp." type="book" year="2000">Siddiqi, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D319E8EDF01CFF9563CCFB4FCE9F0B02" author="Chizhov" box="[737,904,1268,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" refString="Chizhov, V. N. (2004) Entomopathogeneous nematodes from the suborder Hexatylina (Nematoda: Tylenchida). In: Sonin, M. D. (Ed.), Parasitic nematodes of plants and insects, Moscow, Russia, Nauka, pp. 277 - 293." type="book chapter" year="2004">Chizhov, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D319E8EDF01CFF9562EEFB4FC9630B02" author="Andrassy" box="[963,1140,1268,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" refString="Andrassy, I. (2007) Free-living nematodes of Hungary, II (Nematoda errantia). Budapest, Hungary, Hungarian Natural History Museum and Systematic Zoology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 496 pp." type="book" year="2007">Andrássy, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the partial 18S tree,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9561BAFAA3CC180B3E" box="[151,271,1304,1328]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Deladenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF9561BAFAA3CC180B3E" box="[151,271,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Deladenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="A8DB08FFF01CFF95606EFAACCCA80B3E" box="[323,447,1303,1328]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU306345" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">EU306345</accessionNumber>
|
||
) forms a clade with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF95638CFAA3CE390B3E" box="[673,814,1304,1328]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerulariidae" genus="Abursanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF95638CFAA3CE390B3E" box="[673,814,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Abursanema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ECFF475F01CFF956218FAACCE940B3E" box="[821,899,1303,1328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF956218FAACCE940B3E" bold="true" box="[821,899,1303,1328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF95629EFAA2C92B0B21" box="[947,1084,1304,1328]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Deladenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="proximus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF95629EFAA2C92B0B21" box="[947,1084,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">D. proximus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<accessionNumber id="A8DB08FFF01CFF956567FAA3C9AC0B3E" box="[1098,1211,1304,1328]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JF304744" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">JF304744</accessionNumber>
|
||
) is placed in a clade with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9561FFFA87CC470B5A" box="[210,336,1340,1364]" class="Secernentea" family="Allantonematidae" genus="Howardula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF9561FFFA87CC470B5A" box="[210,336,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Howardula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="A8DB08FFF01CFF9560B7FA87CF010B5B" box="[410,534,1340,1365]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AF519234" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">AF519234</accessionNumber>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="A8DB08FFF01CFF956309FA87CF820B5A" box="[548,661,1340,1364]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JX291137" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
JX
|
||
<date id="C336B3DCF01CFF95636FFA87CF820B5A" box="[578,661,1340,1364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" value="37-11-29">291137</date>
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
and
|
||
<accessionNumber id="A8DB08FFF01CFF9563FCFA87CE5A0B5B" box="[721,845,1340,1365]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY146451" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">AY146451</accessionNumber>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9562BDFA87CCE00B76" authority="Zeng, Giblin-Davis, Ye, Belair, Boivin & Thomas, 2007" authorityName="Zeng, Giblin-Davis, Ye, Belair, Boivin & Thomas" authorityYear="2007" class="Secernentea" family="Allantonematidae" genus="Bradynema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="listronoti">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF9562BDFA87C9970B5A" box="[912,1152,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Bradynema listronoti</emphasis>
|
||
Zeng, Giblin-Davis, Ye, Belair, Boivin & Thomas, 2007
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<accessionNumber id="A8DB08FFF01CFF95632BFAE4CF9E0B76" box="[518,649,1375,1400]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/DQ915805" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">DQ915805</accessionNumber>
|
||
). No free-living mycetophagous generation is known for the latter two genera, but one occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9560EDFA3FCF2F0B92" box="[448,568,1412,1436]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Deladenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF9560EDFA3FCF2F0B92" box="[448,568,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Deladenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on our result, using of this biological character to classify genera in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9561BAFA1CCC050BCE" box="[151,274,1447,1472]" class="Secernentea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Hexatylina">Hexatylina</taxonomicName>
|
||
is questionable. The inferred tree using partial sequences of D2/D3 of 28S rDNA shows the same result as in the SSU tree. In our 28S tree,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF956301FA77CEF90BEA" authority="Oldham, 1933" authorityName="Oldham" authorityYear="1933" box="[556,1006,1484,1508]" class="Secernentea" family="Allantonematidae" genus="Howardula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="phyllotretae">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF956301FA77CE290BEA" box="[556,830,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Howardula phyllotretae</emphasis>
|
||
Oldham, 1933
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<accessionNumber id="A8DB08FFF01CFF9562D2FA77C9680BEA" box="[1023,1151,1484,1508]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/DQ328728" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">DQ328728</accessionNumber>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF956592FA77C8640BEA" box="[1215,1395,1484,1508]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF956592FA77C8640BEA" box="[1215,1395,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Parasitylenchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="A8DB08FFF01CFF9561B3FA4BCC090806" box="[158,286,1520,1544]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/DQ328729" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">DQ328729</accessionNumber>
|
||
) form a highly supported clade in both
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CF9FD58CF01CFF9563DBFA4BCE050809" box="[758,786,1520,1543]" name="Belgium" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">BI</collectingCountry>
|
||
and ML methods (1.00/99). These genera are currently classified in different families,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9560D1F9AFCE730822" authority="Pereira, 1931" authorityName="Pereira" authorityYear="1931" box="[508,868,1556,1581]" class="Secernentea" family="Allantonematidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Allantonematidae Pereira, 1931</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9562B2F9AFC8100823" authority="Siddiqi, 1986" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1986" box="[927,1287,1556,1581]" class="Chromadorea" family="Parasitylenchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Panagrolaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">
|
||
Parasitylenchidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D319E8EDF01CFF956540F9AFC8100823" author="Siddiqi" box="[1133,1287,1556,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. (1986) Tylenchida: Parasites of Plants and Insects. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, Slough, UK, ix + 645 pp." type="book" year="1986">Siddiqi, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
respectively, assigned to different superfamilies, Sphaerularioidea and Iotonchioidea Goodey, 1953 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D319E8EDF01CFF9565C8F98CC887085E" author="Siddiqi" box="[1253,1424,1591,1616]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. (1986) Tylenchida: Parasites of Plants and Insects. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, Slough, UK, ix + 645 pp." type="book" year="1986">Siddiqi, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), respectively. Members of both genera are insect parasites. Thus, parasitism of the insect haemocoel may have evolved independently in both superfamilies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D319E8EDF01CFF9563B7F9C4CE200896" author="Siddiqi" box="[666,823,1663,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. (2000) Tylenchida: Parasites of Plants and Insects, 2 nd Edition. Wallingford, CABI Publishing, UK, 833 pp." type="book" year="2000">Siddiqi, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We believe that additional molecular data from other genera may give a clearer picture of the relationships among members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9562C0F91FC97C08B3" box="[1005,1131,1700,1725]" class="Secernentea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Hexatylina">Hexatylina</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both partial 18S and 28S rDNA trees confirm that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF956097F973CFD008EE" authority="Cobb, 1921" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1921" box="[442,711,1735,1760]" class="Secernentea" family="Allantonematidae" genus="Howardula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF956097F973CF2E08EE" box="[442,569,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Howardula</emphasis>
|
||
Cobb, 1921
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is polyphyletic (see various papers, including Ye
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF956424F972C85D08EE" box="[1289,1354,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2007).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9561BAF957CC32090A" box="[151,293,1772,1796]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerulariidae" genus="Abursanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF9561BAF957CC32090A" box="[151,293,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Abursanema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ECFF475F01CFF956001F957CC6B090B" box="[300,380,1772,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF956001F957CC6B090B" bold="true" box="[300,380,1772,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF956098F957CF5E090A" box="[437,585,1772,1796]" class="Secernentea" family="Sphaerulariidae" genus="Sphaerularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF956098F957CF5E090A" box="[437,585,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Sphaerularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. form a highly supported clade in both ML and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CF9FD58CF01CFF95658DF956C9AB090A" box="[1184,1212,1773,1796]" name="Belgium" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">BI</collectingCountry>
|
||
methods, but again these genera have been assigned to different families (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF95623AF8B4CEAC0926" box="[791,955,1807,1832]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Paurodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9562D4F8B4C9BB0926" box="[1017,1196,1807,1832]" class="Secernentea" family="Sphaerulariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Sphaerulariidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively), albeit families that may in fact be synonymous. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF9563AAF88FCE3B0943" box="[647,812,1844,1869]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Paurodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a fungus-feeding generation is well-known but nothing is known of entomoparasitic forms, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01CFF956384F8ECCE4E097E" box="[681,857,1879,1904]" class="Secernentea" family="Sphaerulariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Sphaerulariidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
a free-living generation may be present (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D319E8EDF01CFF95646EF8ECCDC3099A" author="Siddiqi" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. (2000) Tylenchida: Parasites of Plants and Insects, 2 nd Edition. Wallingford, CABI Publishing, UK, 833 pp." type="book" year="2000">Siddiqi, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Accordingly, and as noted above for the partial 18S tree, life cycle should not be considered a basic character for classification of members of the Hextaylina. This proposal conflicts with what was noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D319E8EDF01CFF956410F81BCC3D09D2" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" refString="Chizhov, V. N., Butorina, N. & Subbotin, S. A. (2012) Entomoparasitic nematodes of the genus Skarbilovinema: S. laumondi and S. lyoni (Nematoda: Tylenchida), parasites of the flies of the family Syrphidae (Diptera), with phylogeny of the suborder Hexatylina. Russian Journal of Nematology, 20, 141 - 155." type="journal article">
|
||
Chizhov
|
||
<emphasis id="85FC490EF01CFF9561BAF87ECDC309D2" box="[151,212,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who emphasized the importance of life cycle characteristics in the systematics of hexatylenchid nematodes. The results of our molecular phylogenetic studies with partial sequences of both 18S rDNA and especially the D2/D3 expansion segment of 28S rDNA show a close relationship of members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01DFF9465E6FF07C87A0EDB" box="[1227,1389,188,213]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Paurodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7088EE9FF01DFF9461BAFF64CC5D0EF6" box="[151,330,223,248]" class="Secernentea" family="Sphaerulariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Sphaerulariidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and also highlight the need for data from additional representatives of both families so that their relationships could be more clearly elucidated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |