427 lines
55 KiB
XML
427 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a3b5548c-1f3b-4a15-acb7-45f3c3a71299" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7822982" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" approvalRequired="9" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="2" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="3" approvalRequired_for_treatments="4" checkinTime="1681181049256" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gommery, Dominique, Kgasi, Lazarus, Vilakazi, Nonhlanhla, Sénégas, Frank, Pickford, Martin, Kuhn, Brian, Schnyder, Johann & Pois, Véronique" docDate="2023" docId="0277E376FFFBD477FBDAB3BB672FF58B" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.45.5.163-195.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 45 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Papionina Burnett 1828" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="181" masterDocId="FE4E9B0EFFE8D462FFC8B00E666CF260" masterDocTitle="First in situ middle Pliocene cercopithecoid fossils from the Palaeokarst System of Bolt’s Farm (South Africa)" masterLastPageNumber="195" masterPageNumber="163" pageNumber="180" updateTime="1681317148417" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>First in situ middle Pliocene cercopithecoid fossils from the Palaeokarst System of Bolt’s Farm (South Africa)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gommery, Dominique</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris (CR 2 P), CNRS, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie-SU, T. 46 - 56, E. 5, 4 Place Jussieu, F- 75005 Paris (France) & Palaeo-Research Institute (P-R I), University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 (South Africa) & Plio-Pleistocene Palaeontology Section, Ditsong: National Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 413, Pretoria, 0001 (South Africa)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">dominique.gommery@sorbonne-universite.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kgasi, Lazarus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Palaeo-Research Institute (P-R I), University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 (South Africa) & Plio-Pleistocene Palaeontology Section, Ditsong: National Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 413, Pretoria, 0001 (South Africa)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lkgasi@ditsong.org.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vilakazi, Nonhlanhla</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Palaeo-Research Institute (P-R I), University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 (South Africa) & Plio-Pleistocene Palaeontology Section, Ditsong: National Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 413, Pretoria, 0001 (South Africa)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">nvilakazi@uj.ac.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sénégas, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris (CR 2 P), CNRS, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie-SU, T. 46 - 56, E. 5, 4 Place Jussieu, F- 75005 Paris (France) & Palaeo-Research Institute (P-R I), University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 (South Africa) & Plio-Pleistocene Palaeontology Section, Ditsong: National Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 413, Pretoria, 0001 (South Africa)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">frank.senegas@sorbonne-universite.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pickford, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris (CR 2 P, UMR 7207), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS / MNHN / Sorbonne Université, case postale 38, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">martin.pickford@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kuhn, Brian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 (South Africa)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kuhnbf@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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||
</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schnyder, Johann</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (ISTeP – UMR 7193), Sorbonne Université, CNRS-INSU, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie-SU, T. 56 - 66, E. 5, 4 Place Jussieu, F- 75005 Paris (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">johann.schnyder@sorbonne-universite.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pois, Véronique</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Histoire naturelle de l’Homme préhistorique (HNHP, UMR 7194), Centre européen de Recherches préhistoriques de Tautavel, Avenue Léon-Jean Grégory, F- 66720 Tautavel (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">veronique.pois@univ-perp.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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||
</mods:name>
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||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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||
</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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||
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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||
<mods:number>2023-03-30</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>45</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="issue">
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||
<mods:number>5</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>163</mods:start>
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||
<mods:end>195</mods:end>
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||
</mods:extent>
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||
</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a5</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">a3b5548c-1f3b-4a15-acb7-45f3c3a71299</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7822982</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7822990" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7822990" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0277E376FFFBD477FBDAB3BB672FF58B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0277E376FFFBD477FBDAB3BB672FF58B" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="181" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">
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<subSubSection box="[1042,1227,949,975]" pageId="19" pageNumber="180" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[1042,1227,949,975]" box="[1042,1227,949,975]" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burnett" authorityYear="1828" box="[1042,1154,949,975]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="19" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Papionina">Papionina</taxonomicName>
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indet.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="180" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[813,1455,1006,1109]" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">
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||
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
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||
<materialsCitation pageId="19" pageNumber="180">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1089,1237,1006,1030]" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">Isolated teeth</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
<collectionCode box="[1253,1300,1006,1029]" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">BPB</collectionCode>
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||
14 (
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||
<figureCitation box="[1354,1429,1006,1030]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[813,824,1114,1131]" captionTargetBox="[838,1430,215,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-795@20.[809,1362,191,749]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 18. — A-C, Left lower molar of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 14:A, buccal view; B, lingual view;C, occlusal view; D-F, right lower fourth premolar (p/4) of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 15:D, buccal view; E, lingual view;F, occlusal view;G, H, lower left deciduous first incisor (di/1) of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 27: G, labial view; H, lingual view. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823026/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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<collectionCode country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12582" name="Amherst College, Beneski Museum of Natural History" pageId="19" pageNumber="180" type="University or college">AC</collectionCode>
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||
;
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||
<tableCitation box="[846,935,1032,1056]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="12.[813,824,983,1000]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 6. — Measurements in mm of lower teeth of BPB2, BPB 3, BPB 13, BPB 14, BPB 15 and BPB 30. *, incomplete measurement for broken tooth." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA102E8FFE4D46EFCE5B3D963CEF19F" pageId="19" pageNumber="180" tableUuid="DEA102E8FFE4D46EFCE5B3D963CEF19F">Tables 6</tableCitation>
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||
,
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||
<tableCitation box="[952,965,1033,1056]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="15.[132,143,220,237]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 7. — Synthesis of variation in lower tooth measurements in mm (MD, mesio-distal length; BL, maximum bucco-lingual breadth) in different taxa of fossil Papionines from South Africa with some from East Africa from the literature (from Freedman 1957, 1965; Frost 2001; Frost & Delson 2002) and this study (the quantity of specimens is indicated between the brackets)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA102E8FFE7D46DFF4CB0D2640AF37A" pageId="19" pageNumber="180" tableUuid="DEA102E8FFE7D46DFF4CB0D2640AF37A">7</tableCitation>
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);
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||
<collectionCode box="[990,1037,1033,1056]" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">BPB</collectionCode>
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||
15 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1092,1168,1032,1056]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[813,824,1114,1131]" captionTargetBox="[838,1430,215,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-795@20.[809,1362,191,749]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 18. — A-C, Left lower molar of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 14:A, buccal view; B, lingual view;C, occlusal view; D-F, right lower fourth premolar (p/4) of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 15:D, buccal view; E, lingual view;F, occlusal view;G, H, lower left deciduous first incisor (di/1) of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 27: G, labial view; H, lingual view. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823026/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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D-F;
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<tableCitation box="[1228,1317,1032,1056]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="12.[813,824,983,1000]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 6. — Measurements in mm of lower teeth of BPB2, BPB 3, BPB 13, BPB 14, BPB 15 and BPB 30. *, incomplete measurement for broken tooth." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA102E8FFE4D46EFCE5B3D963CEF19F" pageId="19" pageNumber="180" tableUuid="DEA102E8FFE4D46EFCE5B3D963CEF19F">Tables 6</tableCitation>
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||
,
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||
<tableCitation box="[1333,1346,1033,1056]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="15.[132,143,220,237]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 7. — Synthesis of variation in lower tooth measurements in mm (MD, mesio-distal length; BL, maximum bucco-lingual breadth) in different taxa of fossil Papionines from South Africa with some from East Africa from the literature (from Freedman 1957, 1965; Frost 2001; Frost & Delson 2002) and this study (the quantity of specimens is indicated between the brackets)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA102E8FFE7D46DFF4CB0D2640AF37A" pageId="19" pageNumber="180" tableUuid="DEA102E8FFE7D46DFF4CB0D2640AF37A">7</tableCitation>
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);
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||
<collectionCode box="[1372,1419,1033,1056]" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">BPB</collectionCode>
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||
27 (
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<figureCitation box="[822,897,1058,1083]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[813,824,1114,1131]" captionTargetBox="[838,1430,215,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-795@20.[809,1362,191,749]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 18. — A-C, Left lower molar of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 14:A, buccal view; B, lingual view;C, occlusal view; D-F, right lower fourth premolar (p/4) of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 15:D, buccal view; E, lingual view;F, occlusal view;G, H, lower left deciduous first incisor (di/1) of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 27: G, labial view; H, lingual view. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823026/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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G-H).
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
—–
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<materialsCitation pageId="19" pageNumber="180">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1021,1211,1059,1084]" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">Postcranial bones</emphasis>
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||
.
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<collectionCode box="[1228,1275,1059,1082]" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">BPB</collectionCode>
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5 (
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<figureCitation box="[1315,1442,1058,1083]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[132,143,1637,1654]" captionTargetBox="[146,762,853,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-639@21.[129,781,822,1348]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 20. — A, B, Left patella of Papionina indet., specimen BPB 5: A, anterior view;B, posterior view;C, D, fragment of a right talus of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 6: C, inferior view; D, superior view. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823030/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">Fig. 20A, B</figureCitation>
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);
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<collectionCode box="[813,858,1085,1108]" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">BPB</collectionCode>
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6 (
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||
<figureCitation box="[893,1019,1085,1109]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[132,143,1637,1654]" captionTargetBox="[146,762,853,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-639@21.[129,781,822,1348]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 20. — A, B, Left patella of Papionina indet., specimen BPB 5: A, anterior view;B, posterior view;C, D, fragment of a right talus of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 6: C, inferior view; D, superior view. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823030/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">Fig. 20C, D</figureCitation>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="182" pageId="19" pageNumber="180" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="19.[811,1457,1141,1613]" box="[813,962,1141,1167]" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="19.[811,1457,1141,1613]" box="[813,951,1172,1198]" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">
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<emphasis box="[813,951,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">Isolated teeth</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="19.[811,1457,1141,1613]" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,900,1204,1230]" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">BPB 14</emphasis>
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||
(
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<figureCitation box="[914,990,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[813,824,1114,1131]" captionTargetBox="[838,1430,215,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-795@20.[809,1362,191,749]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 18. — A-C, Left lower molar of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 14:A, buccal view; B, lingual view;C, occlusal view; D-F, right lower fourth premolar (p/4) of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 15:D, buccal view; E, lingual view;F, occlusal view;G, H, lower left deciduous first incisor (di/1) of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 27: G, labial view; H, lingual view. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823026/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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A-C;
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<tableCitation box="[1049,1138,1204,1230]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="12.[813,824,983,1000]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 6. — Measurements in mm of lower teeth of BPB2, BPB 3, BPB 13, BPB 14, BPB 15 and BPB 30. *, incomplete measurement for broken tooth." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA102E8FFE4D46EFCE5B3D963CEF19F" pageId="19" pageNumber="180" tableUuid="DEA102E8FFE4D46EFCE5B3D963CEF19F">Tables 6</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1146,1160,1204,1230]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="15.[132,143,220,237]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 7. — Synthesis of variation in lower tooth measurements in mm (MD, mesio-distal length; BL, maximum bucco-lingual breadth) in different taxa of fossil Papionines from South Africa with some from East Africa from the literature (from Freedman 1957, 1965; Frost 2001; Frost & Delson 2002) and this study (the quantity of specimens is indicated between the brackets)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA102E8FFE7D46DFF4CB0D2640AF37A" pageId="19" pageNumber="180" tableUuid="DEA102E8FFE7D46DFF4CB0D2640AF37A">7</tableCitation>
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||
). This isolated lower molar is probably a left m/2. The mesial contact surface is bigger and located more buccally than the distal one which is located more centrally. The enamel is thick and the buccal cusps are more worn than the lingual cusps. The protolophid and the hypolophid are low. The protoconid is the largest and the most deeply worn cusp. The metaconid is located slightly more mesially than the protoconid. The median clefts are narrow. The beginning of the mesial and distal roots is preserved. The anatomical features of this tooth correspond to the molars of papionines. BPB 14 is smaller than the m/2 of BPB 2 and BPB 3 but enters into the range variation of the m/2 of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jones" authorityYear="1937" box="[1076,1195,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Parapapio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="19" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broomi">
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<emphasis box="[1076,1195,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">Pp. broomi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<tableCitation box="[1212,1304,1586,1612]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="12.[813,824,983,1000]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 6. — Measurements in mm of lower teeth of BPB2, BPB 3, BPB 13, BPB 14, BPB 15 and BPB 30. *, incomplete measurement for broken tooth." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA102E8FFE4D46EFCE5B3D963CEF19F" pageId="19" pageNumber="180" tableUuid="DEA102E8FFE4D46EFCE5B3D963CEF19F">Tables 6</tableCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1319,1333,1587,1613]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="15.[132,143,220,237]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 7. — Synthesis of variation in lower tooth measurements in mm (MD, mesio-distal length; BL, maximum bucco-lingual breadth) in different taxa of fossil Papionines from South Africa with some from East Africa from the literature (from Freedman 1957, 1965; Frost 2001; Frost & Delson 2002) and this study (the quantity of specimens is indicated between the brackets)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA102E8FFE7D46DFF4CB0D2640AF37A" pageId="19" pageNumber="180" tableUuid="DEA102E8FFE7D46DFF4CB0D2640AF37A">7</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1348,1426,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,795,812]" captionTargetBox="[269,1304,190,782]" captionTargetId="graphics-302@16.[438,1214,369,701]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Bivariate plots MD × BL (mesio-distal length × maximum bucco-lingual breadth in mm) of lower second molars (m/2) of different taxa of fossil Papionines from South Africa with some from East Africa (data from Freedman 1957, 1965; Frost 2001; Frost & Delson 2002; this study) (Appendix 5)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823014/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[811,1457,1650,2028]" lastBlockId="20.[131,777,215,465]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="181" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,901,1650,1676]" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">BPB 15</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[918,995,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[813,824,1114,1131]" captionTargetBox="[838,1430,215,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-795@20.[809,1362,191,749]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 18. — A-C, Left lower molar of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 14:A, buccal view; B, lingual view;C, occlusal view; D-F, right lower fourth premolar (p/4) of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 15:D, buccal view; E, lingual view;F, occlusal view;G, H, lower left deciduous first incisor (di/1) of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 27: G, labial view; H, lingual view. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823026/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
D-F;
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1056,1147,1650,1676]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="12.[813,824,983,1000]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 6. — Measurements in mm of lower teeth of BPB2, BPB 3, BPB 13, BPB 14, BPB 15 and BPB 30. *, incomplete measurement for broken tooth." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA102E8FFE4D46EFCE5B3D963CEF19F" pageId="19" pageNumber="180" tableUuid="DEA102E8FFE4D46EFCE5B3D963CEF19F">Tables 6</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1162,1176,1651,1677]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="15.[132,143,220,237]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 7. — Synthesis of variation in lower tooth measurements in mm (MD, mesio-distal length; BL, maximum bucco-lingual breadth) in different taxa of fossil Papionines from South Africa with some from East Africa from the literature (from Freedman 1957, 1965; Frost 2001; Frost & Delson 2002) and this study (the quantity of specimens is indicated between the brackets)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA102E8FFE7D46DFF4CB0D2640AF37A" pageId="19" pageNumber="180" tableUuid="DEA102E8FFE7D46DFF4CB0D2640AF37A">7</tableCitation>
|
||
). The crown of this right p/4 is well preserved and is unworn. The roots are fragmentary. The protoconid and metaconid are close and clearly separated by a V-shaped transverse crest. These two cuspids are moderate salient from the crown and their apex is very slightly worn. The protoconid is slightly lower and is the most prominent cuspid. In buccal view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1277,1376,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[813,824,1114,1131]" captionTargetBox="[838,1430,215,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-795@20.[809,1362,191,749]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 18. — A-C, Left lower molar of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 14:A, buccal view; B, lingual view;C, occlusal view; D-F, right lower fourth premolar (p/4) of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 15:D, buccal view; E, lingual view;F, occlusal view;G, H, lower left deciduous first incisor (di/1) of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 27: G, labial view; H, lingual view. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823026/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="180">Fig. 18F</figureCitation>
|
||
), there is a slight mesio-buccal flange but also a deep distal and a mesial buccal cleft. The mesial fovea is small and moderately deep. The talonid is developed and high with a deep distal basin edged by a well-developed distal cingulum. The hypoconid is developed but narrower than the mesial part of the tooth. There is a small entoconid. The prehypocristid and the pre-entoconid are very short. There is a split on the lingual edge of the crown between the prehypocristid and the postprotocristid and between the pre-entoconid and the post-entoconid. The morphology of BPB 15 corresponds to a p/4 of papionines. The size of this premolar enters more into the range of variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[606,717,406,432]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Parapapio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whitei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[606,717,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Pp. whitei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[215,318,439,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Papio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jonesi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[215,318,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Pp. jonesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation box="[335,427,438,464]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="12.[813,824,983,1000]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 6. — Measurements in mm of lower teeth of BPB2, BPB 3, BPB 13, BPB 14, BPB 15 and BPB 30. *, incomplete measurement for broken tooth." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA102E8FFE4D46EFCE5B3D963CEF19F" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" tableUuid="DEA102E8FFE4D46EFCE5B3D963CEF19F">Tables 6</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation box="[442,456,439,465]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="15.[132,143,220,237]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 7. — Synthesis of variation in lower tooth measurements in mm (MD, mesio-distal length; BL, maximum bucco-lingual breadth) in different taxa of fossil Papionines from South Africa with some from East Africa from the literature (from Freedman 1957, 1965; Frost 2001; Frost & Delson 2002) and this study (the quantity of specimens is indicated between the brackets)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA102E8FFE7D46DFF4CB0D2640AF37A" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" tableUuid="DEA102E8FFE7D46DFF4CB0D2640AF37A">7</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[471,549,438,465]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[132,143,757,774]" captionTargetBox="[216,1289,192,719]" captionTargetId="graphics-422@21.[363,1281,353,662]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 19. — Bivariate plots MD × BL (mesio-distal length × maximum bucco-lingual breadth in mm) of lower fourth premolars (p/4) of different taxa of fossil Papionines from South Africa with some from East Africa (data from Freedman 1957, 1965; Frost 2001; Frost & Delson 2002; this study) (Appendix 7)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823028" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823028/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[131,777,502,847]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,224,502,528]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">BPB 27</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[241,384,502,528]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[813,824,1114,1131]" captionTargetBox="[838,1430,215,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-795@20.[809,1362,191,749]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 18. — A-C, Left lower molar of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 14:A, buccal view; B, lingual view;C, occlusal view; D-F, right lower fourth premolar (p/4) of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 15:D, buccal view; E, lingual view;F, occlusal view;G, H, lower left deciduous first incisor (di/1) of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 27: G, labial view; H, lingual view. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823026/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Fig. 18G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). This small tooth should be a left di/1 and the apex of the root is broken (maximum height:
|
||
<quantity box="[131,238,566,592]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" unit="mm" value="10.6">10.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
). The crown is very worn and presents an isosceles triangular outline (MD:
|
||
<quantity box="[450,521,598,624]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, BL: 3.9). The enamel is only preserved on the buccal surface (preserved height:
|
||
<quantity box="[132,228,661,688]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
). The root is well preserved except for the apex (preserved height:
|
||
<quantity box="[349,445,694,720]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" unit="mm" value="7.3">7.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
). The root is slightly curved. The buccal surface of the root is concave mesio-distally and the lingual one is slightly convex. The morphology of this incisor looks like some juvenile specimens of PlioPleistocene papionines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[132,336,885,911]" box="[132,336,885,911]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<heading box="[132,336,885,911]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis box="[132,336,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Post-cranial bones.</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[131,777,917,1517]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,211,917,943]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[132,186,917,943]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">BPB</collectionCode>
|
||
5
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[230,370,917,943]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[132,143,1637,1654]" captionTargetBox="[146,762,853,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-639@21.[129,781,822,1348]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 20. — A, B, Left patella of Papionina indet., specimen BPB 5: A, anterior view;B, posterior view;C, D, fragment of a right talus of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 6: C, inferior view; D, superior view. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823030/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Fig. 20A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). This left patella is well preserved except for the disto-inferior part and the median side which have lost some superficial bone (maximum length:
|
||
<quantity box="[132,242,1013,1039]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" unit="mm" value="18.2">18.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; breadth:
|
||
<quantity box="[361,471,1013,1039]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.29" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" unit="mm" value="12.9">12.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; thickness:
|
||
<quantity box="[607,704,1013,1039]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" unit="mm" value="8.3">8.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
). This patella presents a general morphology similar to WP 3 (a right patella from Waypoint 160, Bolt’s Farm [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="GOMMERY D. & THACKERAY J. F. & SENEGAS F. & POTZE S. & KGASI L." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gommery" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Science" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" pagination="405 - 408" part="104" publicationUrl="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC96830" refId="ref19240" refString="GOMMERY D., THACKERAY J. F., SENEGAS F., POTZE S. & KGASI L. 2008 b. - The earliest primate (Parapapio sp.) from the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site (Waypoint 160, Bolt's Farm, South Africa). South African Journal of Science 104: 405 - 408. https: // hdl. handle. net / 10520 / EJC 96830" title="The earliest primate (Parapapio sp.) from the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site (Waypoint 160, Bolt's Farm, South Africa)" type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Gommery
|
||
<emphasis box="[132,184,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]), less elongated than in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kerr" authorityYear="1792" box="[532,673,1109,1134]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Papio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursinus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[532,673,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Papio ursinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In anterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[251,353,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[132,143,1637,1654]" captionTargetBox="[146,762,853,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-639@21.[129,781,822,1348]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 20. — A, B, Left patella of Papionina indet., specimen BPB 5: A, anterior view;B, posterior view;C, D, fragment of a right talus of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 6: C, inferior view; D, superior view. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823030/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
|
||
), the medial part is more convex and shorter medio-laterally than the lateral part. In posterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[203,304,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[132,143,1637,1654]" captionTargetBox="[146,762,853,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-639@21.[129,781,822,1348]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 20. — A, B, Left patella of Papionina indet., specimen BPB 5: A, anterior view;B, posterior view;C, D, fragment of a right talus of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 6: C, inferior view; D, superior view. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823030/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Fig. 20B</figureCitation>
|
||
), the medial part of the articular facet is longer proximo-distally and shorter medio-laterally than the lateral part, and as well more concave proximo-distally. The distal apex is low, broad and has a rounded aspect with a groove posteriorly as in WP 3 (corresponding to the insertion of the lateral and medial
|
||
<emphasis box="[522,575,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Vasti</emphasis>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Mandrillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="rectus" subSpecies="femoris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">M. rectus femoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Despite the damage posteriorly, the proximal part of the patella is more elongated proximo-distally than the distal part. The morphology of this patella seems to suggest a mixed locomotor behaviour (terrestrial and arboreal).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823026" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7823026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823026/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" startId="20.[813,824,1114,1131]" targetBox="[838,1430,215,1073]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[812,1456,1114,1222]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">
|
||
FIG. 18. —
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[899,932,1114,1131]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">A -C</emphasis>
|
||
, Left lower molar of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burnett" authorityYear="1828" box="[1091,1172,1114,1131]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="20" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Papionina">Papionina</taxonomicName>
|
||
indet.,specimen BPB 14:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1380,1393,1114,1131]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">A</emphasis>
|
||
, buccal view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[860,873,1137,1154]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">B</emphasis>
|
||
, lingual view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[988,1002,1137,1154]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">C</emphasis>
|
||
, occlusal view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1132,1164,1137,1154]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">D -F</emphasis>
|
||
, right lower fourth premolar (p/4) of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burnett" authorityYear="1828" box="[813,896,1160,1177]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="20" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Papionina">Papionina</taxonomicName>
|
||
indet.,specimen BPB 15:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1111,1125,1160,1177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">D</emphasis>
|
||
, buccal view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1241,1253,1160,1177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">E</emphasis>
|
||
, lingual view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1366,1377,1160,1177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">F</emphasis>
|
||
, occlusal view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[859,873,1183,1200]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">G</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[882,896,1183,1200]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">H</emphasis>
|
||
, lower left deciduous first incisor (di/1) of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burnett" authorityYear="1828" box="[1233,1316,1183,1200]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="20" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Papionina">Papionina</taxonomicName>
|
||
indet.,specimen BPB 27:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[887,901,1205,1222]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">G</emphasis>
|
||
, labial view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1008,1022,1205,1222]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">H</emphasis>
|
||
, lingual view. Scale bar: 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[131,776,1554,2028]" lastBlockId="20.[811,1457,1267,2028]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,209,1554,1581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[132,185,1555,1581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">BPB</collectionCode>
|
||
6
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[226,368,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[132,143,1637,1654]" captionTargetBox="[146,762,853,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-639@21.[129,781,822,1348]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 20. — A, B, Left patella of Papionina indet., specimen BPB 5: A, anterior view;B, posterior view;C, D, fragment of a right talus of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 6: C, inferior view; D, superior view. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823030/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Fig. 20C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). This fossil is a fragment of a right talus (length:
|
||
<quantity box="[289,397,1587,1613]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.44" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" unit="mm" value="24.4">24.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, breadth:
|
||
<quantity box="[510,596,1587,1613]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Only a part of plantar surface is preserved with the head (
|
||
<emphasis box="[607,717,1618,1645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Caput tali</emphasis>
|
||
) and the neck (
|
||
<emphasis box="[241,364,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Collum tali</emphasis>
|
||
), as well as the distal part of the body of the talus (
|
||
<emphasis box="[268,385,1682,1709]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Corpus tali</emphasis>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[410,509,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[132,143,1637,1654]" captionTargetBox="[146,762,853,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-639@21.[129,781,822,1348]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 20. — A, B, Left patella of Papionina indet., specimen BPB 5: A, anterior view;B, posterior view;C, D, fragment of a right talus of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 6: C, inferior view; D, superior view. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823030/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Fig. 20C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The neck is broad relatively to its length (length
|
||
<quantity box="[433,540,1714,1741]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.47" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" unit="mm" value="14.7">14.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; breadth:
|
||
<quantity box="[654,762,1714,1740]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" unit="mm" value="10.8">10.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
). On the head, the plantar part of the articular surface for the navicular is preserved and presents a slightly convex outline. The anterior and medial calcaneal articular surfaces are well preserved. These form a large proximo-distally elongated rectangle and occupy a large part of the surface along the medial edge of the talar neck. This morphology is typical of cercopithecines and differs from those of extant colobines where the two surfaces are distinct (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="OLIVIER G. & FONTAINE M." firstAuthor="Olivier" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" pagination="142 - 189" part="21" refId="ref20980" refString="OLIVIER G. & FONTAINE M. 1957. - Les os du pied de semnopitheque. Mammalia 21 (2): 142 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / mamm. 1957.21.2.14" title="Les os du pied de semnopitheque" type="journal article" year="1957">Olivier & Fontaine 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="STRASSER E." box="[321,478,2001,2027]" firstAuthor="Strasser" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Human Evolution" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" pagination="225 - 245" part="17" refId="ref22149" refString="STRASSER E. 1988. - Pedal evidence for the origin and diversification of cercopithecid clades. Journal of Human Evolution 17: 225 - 245. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0047 - 2484 (88) 90055 - 3" title="Pedal evidence for the origin and diversification of cercopithecid clades" type="journal article" year="1988">Strasser 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="GILBERT C. C. & GOBLE E. D. & HILL A." box="[496,716,2001,2027]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gilbert" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Human Evolution" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" pagination="465 - 483" part="59" refId="ref18794" refString="GILBERT C. C., GOBLE E. D. & HILL A. 2010. - Miocene Cercopithecoidea from theTugen Hills, Kenya. Journal of Human Evolution 59: 465 - 483. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jhevol. 2010.05.005" title="Miocene Cercopithecoidea from theTugen Hills, Kenya" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Gilbert
|
||
<emphasis box="[589,647,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but not in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Anderson 2021)" baseAuthorityName="Anderson" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[896,1324,1267,1294]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Paracolobus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutiwa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[896,1118,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Paracolobus mutiwa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="ANDERSON M." box="[1135,1312,1267,1294]" firstAuthor="Anderson" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Human Evolution" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" part="156" refId="ref17358" refString="ANDERSON M. 2021. - An assessment of the postcranial skeleton of the Paracolobus mutiwa (Primates: Colobinae) specimen KNM-WT 16827 from Lomekwi, West Turkana, Kenya. Journal of Human Evolution 156. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jhevol. 2021.103012" title="An assessment of the postcranial skeleton of the Paracolobus mutiwa (Primates: Colobinae) specimen KNM-WT 16827 from Lomekwi, West Turkana, Kenya" type="journal volume" year="2021">Anderson 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="PINA M. & SALESA M. J. & ANTON M. & PASTOR J. F." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pina" journalOrPublisher="Estudios Geologicos" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" pagination="385 - 394" part="67" refId="ref21435" refString="PINA M., SALESA M. J., ANTON M. & PASTOR J. F. 2011. - Functional anatomy of the calcaneum and talus in Cercopithecinae (Mammalia, Primates, Cercopithecidae). Estudios Geologicos 67 (2): 385 - 394. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / egeol. 40590.195" title="Functional anatomy of the calcaneum and talus in Cercopithecinae (Mammalia, Primates, Cercopithecidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Pina
|
||
<emphasis box="[1399,1456,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have observed that the anterior calcaneal surface is more laterally developed in some cercopithecines such as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Palmer" authorityYear="1903" box="[840,963,1363,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Lophocebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[840,963,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Lophocebus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1842" box="[1018,1150,1363,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Miopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1018,1150,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Miopithecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but not in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Swindler" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[1275,1336,1364,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Papio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1275,1336,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Papio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and many species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1799" box="[924,1008,1396,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Macaca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[924,1008,1396,1421]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Macaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1054,1105,1396,1422]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">BPB</collectionCode>
|
||
6, this surface is not developed laterally and is more similar to
|
||
<emphasis box="[1182,1251,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Swindler" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[1182,1247,1428,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Papio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Papio</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This morphology of the anterior and the medial articular surfaces is more related to weak rotation of the head of the talus as is usual in cercopithecines and different from the stronger rotation observed in colobines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="STRASSER E." box="[1071,1221,1555,1581]" firstAuthor="Strasser" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Human Evolution" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" pagination="225 - 245" part="17" refId="ref22149" refString="STRASSER E. 1988. - Pedal evidence for the origin and diversification of cercopithecid clades. Journal of Human Evolution 17: 225 - 245. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0047 - 2484 (88) 90055 - 3" title="Pedal evidence for the origin and diversification of cercopithecid clades" type="journal article" year="1988">Strasser 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Laterally, the fovea of the anterior astragalo-calcaneal ligament is moderately deep. The talar sulcus (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1076,1199,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Sulcus tali)</emphasis>
|
||
is narrow and shallow laterally but broader and deeper medially below the groove for
|
||
<emphasis box="[853,1078,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">flexor hallucis longus</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[811,1457,1267,2028]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">
|
||
The posterior calcaneal facet is preserved in its distal part. This facet seems deeply concave latero-distally to medio-proximally as in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Swindler" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[1104,1168,1779,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Papio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1104,1168,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Papio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The junction with the groove for
|
||
<emphasis box="[932,1154,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">flexor hallucis longus</emphasis>
|
||
is very salient. This groove has lost some superficial bone and is narrow. There is no swelling distally to the groove for the
|
||
<emphasis box="[1232,1455,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">flexor hallucis longus</emphasis>
|
||
as in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Swindler" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[876,936,1906,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Papio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[876,936,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Papio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Strasser" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[952,1069,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercocebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[952,1069,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Cercocebus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1130,1278,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1130,1278,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Cercopithecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="STRASSER E." box="[1295,1447,1905,1931]" firstAuthor="Strasser" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Human Evolution" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" pagination="225 - 245" part="17" refId="ref22149" refString="STRASSER E. 1988. - Pedal evidence for the origin and diversification of cercopithecid clades. Journal of Human Evolution 17: 225 - 245. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0047 - 2484 (88) 90055 - 3" title="Pedal evidence for the origin and diversification of cercopithecid clades" type="journal article" year="1988">Strasser 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="GILBERT C. C. & GOBLE E. D. & HILL A." box="[813,1023,1937,1963]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gilbert" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Human Evolution" pageId="20" pageNumber="181" pagination="465 - 483" part="59" refId="ref18794" refString="GILBERT C. C., GOBLE E. D. & HILL A. 2010. - Miocene Cercopithecoidea from theTugen Hills, Kenya. Journal of Human Evolution 59: 465 - 483. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jhevol. 2010.05.005" title="Miocene Cercopithecoidea from theTugen Hills, Kenya" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Gilbert
|
||
<emphasis box="[903,957,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[811,1457,1267,2028]" lastBlockId="21.[131,776,1778,2027]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="182" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[835,888,1970,1996]" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">BPB</collectionCode>
|
||
6 is very damaged in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1326,1440,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[132,143,1637,1654]" captionTargetBox="[146,762,853,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-639@21.[129,781,822,1348]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 20. — A, B, Left patella of Papionina indet., specimen BPB 5: A, anterior view;B, posterior view;C, D, fragment of a right talus of Papionina indet.,specimen BPB 6: C, inferior view; D, superior view. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823030/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="181">Fig. 20D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Medially, a small fragment of the tibial malleolar facet is preserved distally and shows the contact with the medial calcaneal articular surface as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Strasser 1988)" baseAuthorityName="Strasser" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[481,775,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercocebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[481,598,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">Cercocebus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="STRASSER E." box="[615,765,1810,1836]" firstAuthor="Strasser" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Human Evolution" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" pagination="225 - 245" part="17" refId="ref22149" refString="STRASSER E. 1988. - Pedal evidence for the origin and diversification of cercopithecid clades. Journal of Human Evolution 17: 225 - 245. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0047 - 2484 (88) 90055 - 3" title="Pedal evidence for the origin and diversification of cercopithecid clades" type="journal article" year="1988">Strasser 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Swindler" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[216,277,1842,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Papio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[216,277,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">Papio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but not in extant colobines. A fragment of the medial tubercle is preserved proximally. No groove for the
|
||
<emphasis box="[175,315,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">flexor tibialis</emphasis>
|
||
can be observed on this bone as is generally the case in cercopithecines but present in colobines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="OLIVIER G. & FONTAINE M." box="[142,427,1969,1996]" firstAuthor="Olivier" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" pagination="142 - 189" part="21" refId="ref20980" refString="OLIVIER G. & FONTAINE M. 1957. - Les os du pied de semnopitheque. Mammalia 21 (2): 142 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / mamm. 1957.21.2.14" title="Les os du pied de semnopitheque" type="journal article" year="1957">Olivier & Fontaine 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="STRASSER E. & DELSON E." box="[442,713,1969,1995]" firstAuthor="Strasser" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Human Evolution" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" pagination="81 - 99" part="16" refId="ref22194" refString="STRASSER E. & DELSON E. 1987. - Cladistic analysis of cercopithecid relationships. Journal of Human Evolution 16: 81 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0047 - 2484 (87) 90061 - 3" title="Cladistic analysis of cercopithecid relationships" type="journal article" year="1987">Strasser & Delson 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="GILBERT C. C. & GOBLE E. D. & HILL A." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gilbert" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Human Evolution" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" pagination="465 - 483" part="59" refId="ref18794" refString="GILBERT C. C., GOBLE E. D. & HILL A. 2010. - Miocene Cercopithecoidea from theTugen Hills, Kenya. Journal of Human Evolution 59: 465 - 483. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jhevol. 2010.05.005" title="Miocene Cercopithecoidea from theTugen Hills, Kenya" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Gilbert
|
||
<emphasis box="[186,240,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |