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<document id="3580AF6C713A2B4B59A4ABB47F6C2DA5" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184" ID-ZooBank="D45D45AB-9525-4911-825D-900982CFE71C" ID-publisher-id="124184" URI-arpha="55833123-007C-5413-8766-335FB1AFBFC3" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/D45D45AB-9525-4911-825D-900982CFE71C" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1723647139889" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ji, Bao-Yue, Guo, Tong-Yang, Gu, Mei-Chang, Ren, Guo-Dong &amp; Li, Xiu-Min" docDate="2024" docId="5F2F742702085807BA305F669FC41790" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1209: 295-314" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1209" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/124184/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Gnaptorina tishkovi Medvedev 1998" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="314" masterDocId="55833123007C54138766335FB1AFBFC3" masterDocTitle="Description of five larvae of the genus Gnaptorina Reitter, 1887 from Xizang, China (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Blaptinae), with molecular species delimitation and diagnoses" masterLastPageNumber="314" masterPageNumber="295" pageNumber="295" updateTime="1723647202906" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="9780B28AB7D469BD4A2E1BC176BE5AF3">Description of five larvae of the genus Gnaptorina Reitter, 1887 from Xizang, China (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Blaptinae), with molecular species delimitation and diagnoses</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="687086872CDDB4786309F6D8DAD47BE9">Ji, Bao-Yue</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AF5B5644BF510223C6F79D9C09F42292">Guo, Tong-Yang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="57B472B1B78E3843DF8DB4DD05A36032">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="566562AD6E7E5B99D1D1AEE129CB3017">Gu, Mei-Chang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CBEAA760163458DCDE8E4A345EC037FD">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="802FA464A07B6BB5577E027CCFBC20C4">Ren, Guo-Dong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A2137268524932CDFE8ABB59F8DFB95B">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="94817110B819BF95B76C2C889C714556">Li, Xiu-Min</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="03A166ED6D1DF4727C6AF45239428ACC">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="5F2F742702085807BA305F669FC41790" ID-arpha="5F2F7427-0208-5807-BA30-5F669FC41790" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F2F742702085807BA305F669FC41790" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F2F742702085807BA305F669FC41790">
<subSubSection id="EC26063D200818CF14E1579708808A8D" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="EF48E77626F0EA8FB2AC9E7E1A4F075B">
<taxonomicName id="E5797D947D8B5ADFAC1A940D9688689A" authority="Medvedev, 1998" authorityName="Medvedev" authorityYear="1998" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Gnaptorina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tishkovi">
<emphasis id="1686CB19A6AFE7E3B9ABA67BC813CFF0" italics="true">Gnaptorina tishkovi</emphasis>
Medvedev, 1998
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EDHAG" type="material">
<paragraph id="518957DF1E4DBC16438DC86E9CF2416B">
<heading id="B999A400DAA19FD70FD6BB8264F13321" reason="title">Examined materials.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60F6AB2DE3A3E37398FD4441C5A02DFB">
<emphasis id="B27607150D963041314FA1854A89908B" bold="true">Larvae.</emphasis>
14 exx. (
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<collectionCode id="276F2C14B9825CD3A550E04DBBAE8060">MHBU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
): Qomolangma, Tingri County,
<collectingRegion id="FBF0E51044074FE7E72F9C0715C66C22" country="China" name="Xizang">Xizang</collectingRegion>
/
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<geoCoordinate id="ACD548B57D81AC2B2617F041FDF91241" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="11.33" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="28.188833">28 ° 11.33 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F4462BC758C037A58BE4556C7CDF16DF" degrees="86" direction="east" minutes="49.80" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="86.83">86 ° 49.80 E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
/ Alt.
<quantity id="FF74CFDFBD7D79B42A47BD7D0B851B45" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.96" unit="m" value="4960.0">4960 m</quantity>
/
<date id="AC6E853F5E51E3FB74328B7B9E9AE772" value="2023-07-20">2023 - VII- 20</date>
/ Xing-Long Bai, Quan-Yu Ji, Jian Song leg.; 5 exx. (
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EYHAG" xlink_title="Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, China">
<collectionCode id="770F28968E139364A239836A169C58F6">MHBU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
): Tingri County,
<collectingRegion id="016C7E0DDD4FD9323C27A751A4BBDEA1" country="China" name="Xizang">Xizang</collectingRegion>
/
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EAIAG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[87.129667,28.611333]}">
<geoCoordinate id="210B4F4969F0BA18E78DD0D71EAC70DD" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="36.68" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="28.611334">28 ° 36.68 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="18180604D75266A2692BDEF7A5CA1193" degrees="87" direction="east" minutes="07.78" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="87.12967">87 ° 07.78 E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
/ Alt.
<quantity id="D47FBAD71C770DD8824CD700B6CC132D" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.27" unit="m" value="4270.0">4270 m</quantity>
/
<date id="D5F95DBC95CCBA182911947157C16A15" value="2014-07-24">2014 - VII- 24</date>
/ Guo-Dong Ren, Xing-Long Bai, Jun-Sheng Shan leg.; 5 exx. (
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EFIAG" xlink_title="Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, China">
<collectionCode id="7B8868E506869EB10AAEA15422564D8A">MHBU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
): Tingri County,
<collectingRegion id="D4A53485A9EE2F0492B79971C7BC084B" country="China" name="Xizang">Xizang</collectingRegion>
/
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ENIAG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[87.619167,28.459667]}">
<geoCoordinate id="D5FC7BB770CE5EDBCFCF7DF2DF1FC8EF" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="27.58" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="28.459667">28 ° 27.58 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="0FE89982DBD4D1EBDEE1B7F5C362352A" degrees="87" direction="east" minutes="37.15" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="87.61916">87 ° 37.15 E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
/ Alt.
<quantity id="888114FA9E64A36CFADC3EF57588263D" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4799999999999995" unit="m" value="4480.0">4480 m</quantity>
/
<date id="AEE8707889F05447CACEC17F76FEF7C3" value="2019-08-16">2019 - VIII- 16</date>
/ Xiu-Min Li leg.; 10 exx. (
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0ESIAG" xlink_title="Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, China">
<collectionCode id="1A9B29FFD65D2BFD25218AF828479E31">MHBU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
): Dinggyê County,
<collectingRegion id="D8D690F166AC00F52634691E9385F94B" country="China" name="Xizang">Xizang</collectingRegion>
/
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E1IAG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[87.707500,28.141333]}">
<geoCoordinate id="54C339071848BD2105888667B4F05AED" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="08.48" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="28.141333">28 ° 08.48 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="38ABFB978B80893E60BE66A977B31CFC" degrees="87" direction="east" minutes="42.45" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="87.7075">87 ° 42.45 E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
/ Alt.
<quantity id="34DCB854A1DB16331946F68E204AC08A" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" unit="m" value="4700.0">4700 m</quantity>
/
<date id="24D36BC5E7C11F93A8C1CC6FA52A251C" value="2014-08-04">2014 - VIII- 4</date>
/ Guo-Dong Ren, Xing-long Bai, Jun-Sheng Shan leg.; 5 exx. (
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0E6IAG" xlink_title="Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, China">
<collectionCode id="D1428A604D46D5DA7B8ED8F6397060AD">MHBU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
): Dinggyê County,
<collectingRegion id="A38EC08665E64BD4194CE25BE6B74AE2" country="China" name="Xizang">Xizang</collectingRegion>
/
<date id="1669FE6E4ACA21B1802D614549B21990" value="2014-08-04">2014 - VIII- 4</date>
/ Guo-Dong Ren leg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EEJAG" type="description">
<paragraph id="C64FAF260AA7D9BA71F68C1E87774D45">
<heading id="D7CB525EE2B0E5883A133006C6F9C8CE" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CCDB55D8B1A32C454140EC714F6D68F2">
<emphasis id="62EA089EDF5C7C342BBA73F9054C52B4" bold="true" italics="true">Body</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="69C261D27F2F63F3801E0A9525D07BC9" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Gnaptorina tishkovi Medvedev, 1998 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H legs I pygopods, dorsal view J pygopods, ventral view K pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A C); 1 mm (D F, H K); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113496">4 A C</figureCitation>
). Larvae length
<quantity id="085A3D7075706A21B5AFCBF450E94F9F" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2649999999999997" metricValueMax="2.35" metricValueMin="2.18" unit="mm" value="22.65" valueMax="23.5" valueMin="21.8">21.823.5 mm</quantity>
, width 2.43.0 mm. Body yellowish brown, shiny, body wall ossified; median line obvious on on thorax dorsally and abdominal tergite I.
</paragraph>
<caption id="AA75E4FD7A8F641A1954D4B9127A1A79" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure4" ID-arpha="174F7110-534B-5BE4-A983-6379365FF695" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113496" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="B3B13556DEB5B7B96D2AEDA98F818295">
<label id="10DFA9E9EBD03F68359C014ED158C5E5">Figure 4.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0184DE5913DC104582C38C772FB824EC">
Larva of
<taxonomicName id="5966E884F4C9C121535B642FF3AB5A38" authority="Medvedev, 1998" authorityName="Medvedev" authorityYear="1998" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Gnaptorina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tishkovi">
<emphasis id="0396AD7C69FD831AD196AB79F5285CAF" italics="true">Gnaptorina tishkovi</emphasis>
Medvedev, 1998
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C646D354FB3757D959EFB0CBE68249B8" bold="true">A</emphasis>
habitus, dorsal view
<emphasis id="6DE7775078EF4A1A9DFEA7437B6F00E5" bold="true">B</emphasis>
habitus, lateral view
<emphasis id="F1E2453A171FDE2CF724713D6C8E5BF8" bold="true">C</emphasis>
habitus, ventral view
<emphasis id="71723E202745B75BE9FFB81F91C6F9EE" bold="true">D</emphasis>
head, dorsal view
<emphasis id="55F2035090776E2DB173DAAC69578BDB" bold="true">E</emphasis>
head, ventral view
<emphasis id="70954BCFE23DE661EE690950016D1E16" bold="true">F</emphasis>
head, vertex view
<emphasis id="6F3104DDC5C39AB6FBEE40CFBB2F5B37" bold="true">G</emphasis>
epipharynx
<emphasis id="95BEA76636340CC1F2CD143385841AFB" bold="true">H</emphasis>
legs
<emphasis id="D24FC0A6FF23A5D670F4714AC4953261" bold="true">I</emphasis>
pygopods, dorsal view
<emphasis id="4B05D89863B1A3016D1A4CDAE3595763" bold="true">J</emphasis>
pygopods, ventral view
<emphasis id="22EC444E3E81CA42D9D4FF89601033CF" bold="true">K</emphasis>
pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (
<emphasis id="B897228BBFE9EC96C02E072F99E01136" bold="true">A C</emphasis>
); 1 mm (
<emphasis id="E232B010DE9B0EEC2FB597865EDC2C5D" bold="true">D F, H K</emphasis>
); 0.5 mm (
<emphasis id="0453977A4AFF19ECB625FAF8FD52D43B" bold="true">G</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2C23C5C2AEB66621B3CB72C7B75E973B">
<emphasis id="2668D865D6B08FB35B29B40F1B7DEE47" bold="true" italics="true">Head</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="161045F59AFA0C722D7EE97F40C0E71C" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Gnaptorina tishkovi Medvedev, 1998 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H legs I pygopods, dorsal view J pygopods, ventral view K pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A C); 1 mm (D F, H K); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113496">4 B, D G</figureCitation>
). Labrum transverse; apical part with six setae; anterior margin with two discal and six slender lateral marginal setae; epipharynx with sparse setae on lateral margin, with two basal spines on central area, between the basal spines with four mastoids, with six mastoids above the basal spines (Fig.
<figureCitation id="57CE8C4188E4458295618F57DE28D90B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Gnaptorina tishkovi Medvedev, 1998 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H legs I pygopods, dorsal view J pygopods, ventral view K pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A C); 1 mm (D F, H K); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113496">4 G</figureCitation>
); mandible left-right unsymmetrical, membranous elevation with two setae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="FCC705B6BEADAC2DCFE3D63A0864161B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Gnaptorina tishkovi Medvedev, 1998 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H legs I pygopods, dorsal view J pygopods, ventral view K pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A C); 1 mm (D F, H K); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113496">4 D, F</figureCitation>
). Epicranial stem Y-shaped, epicranial stem with a pair of pale brown patterns on distal margin; frons convex, with sparse long setae on lateral margins, with four pairs of setae at apex (a pair on upper margin, a pair on middle margin, two pairs on mid-posterior margin) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D2AE373768371BCB79D65AABC37EDF57" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Gnaptorina tishkovi Medvedev, 1998 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H legs I pygopods, dorsal view J pygopods, ventral view K pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A C); 1 mm (D F, H K); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113496">4 D, F</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of middle part of frontal pale brown covered. Ocelli evident (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EB61F451D6D058865CF6B46BF2C13431" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Gnaptorina tishkovi Medvedev, 1998 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H legs I pygopods, dorsal view J pygopods, ventral view K pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A C); 1 mm (D F, H K); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113496">4 B</figureCitation>
). Maxillary palpi (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9F5A5444F6C26F205A09F110A0CBA5E0" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Gnaptorina tishkovi Medvedev, 1998 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H legs I pygopods, dorsal view J pygopods, ventral view K pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A C); 1 mm (D F, H K); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113496">4 E</figureCitation>
) three-segmented, cylindrical, and conical at apex; I widest, II longest. Labial palps two-segmented, short; II conical; prementum with two setae on anterior margin, apex with two long setae, lateral sides with two long setae; mentum convex, hexagonal; mentum more slender than prementum, posterior margin with four long setae; submentum with six setae on posterior margin (three on left, three on right). Antennae three-segmented, cylindrical at apex; I longest and widest; III shortest and narrowest (Fig.
<figureCitation id="98F3B5382C7E1C03D4D61B573435867A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Gnaptorina tishkovi Medvedev, 1998 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H legs I pygopods, dorsal view J pygopods, ventral view K pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A C); 1 mm (D F, H K); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113496">4 B, D G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C742324FB9F8C6EB3C4B3C487FCEEA33">
<emphasis id="634546DB1038C9131310ACA4AD2C2769" bold="true" italics="true">Thorax</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="34FDACF8890907AA3F750EB690E3114A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Gnaptorina tishkovi Medvedev, 1998 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H legs I pygopods, dorsal view J pygopods, ventral view K pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A C); 1 mm (D F, H K); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113496">4 A</figureCitation>
). Pronotum and metanotum with two pairs of elongate setae on anterior margin and a pair of setae on posterior margin. Mesonotum with a pair of setae on anterior, middle, and posterior margin. Anterior and posterior borders of pronotum with brown longitudinal stripes, posterior border of mesonotum and metanotum with a brown longitudinal stripe. Pronotum longest, 1.96 × as long as mesonotum, 1.61 × as long as metanotum, mesonotum shortest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="831487FFC4BBD40DC7800898A5F24806">
<emphasis id="B1F52736B21C8CCEDE51CF4822099771" bold="true" italics="true">Legs</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="01B25DEF5F8B7F672FF8BF87C806169C" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Gnaptorina tishkovi Medvedev, 1998 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H legs I pygopods, dorsal view J pygopods, ventral view K pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A C); 1 mm (D F, H K); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113496">4 H</figureCitation>
). Protarsungulus with a strong, long seta on inner side and a strong, short spine on outer side at base. Profemora and protibiae gradually narrowing towards apex; inner margin setal formula of prothoracic leg 34 (12): 6 (3): 2 (2); outer margin of tibiae with two strong, short spines; outer margin of femora with two setae; trochanter with two short setae. Mesotarsus with a strong, long seta on inner side and a strong, short spine on outer side at base; inner margin setal formula of mesothoracic leg 4: 5 (1): 2 (2); outer margin of tibiae with two spines; outer margin of femora with two spines; outer margin of trochanters with two spines and one seta. Metatarsus with a strong, long seta on inner side and a strong, short spine on outer side at base; inner margin setal formula of metathoracic leg 34 (2): 4 (3): 2 (2), outer margin of tibiae with two spines, outer margin of femora with two spines, outer margin of trochanters with two spines and one seta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB4079BAF83F113C03033B4CDCA0BD8D">
<emphasis id="DB870A7899B2556B35FDD6310682A1ED" bold="true" italics="true">Abdomen</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="5AED7870CAD261B3BB686177CC72B41D" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Gnaptorina tishkovi Medvedev, 1998 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H legs I pygopods, dorsal view J pygopods, ventral view K pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A C); 1 mm (D F, H K); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113496">4 A, C</figureCitation>
). Not constricted between VIII and IX segments. Approximately 4.20 × as long as thorax; abdominal segments I VIII subcylindrical, with transverses plicae; ventral side of abdominal segment I with sparse setae on anterior and lateral margins, with four setae on posterior margin (two on left, two on right); ventral side of abdominal segments II VIII with three pairs of setae on anterior, middle, and posterior margin of lateral margins, respectively. Last segment conical, 0.87 × as long as VIII, distinctly narrower than VIII; surface of convex disc with sparse long setae in ventral view, with a row of short spines on each side (six spines each on left and right); last segment dorsally flattened; urogomphi inconspicuous and apex truncated, with two short spines (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6078A9AA769A3E3465ECE9CC2A50F228" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Gnaptorina tishkovi Medvedev, 1998 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H legs I pygopods, dorsal view J pygopods, ventral view K pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A C); 1 mm (D F, H K); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113496">4 I K</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D2106D55390EAD0E8F579CC4DD14C9A">
<emphasis id="FA323D3C01C56FFB28787DA4A2682A16" bold="true" italics="true">Spiracles</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="9F4DD6AD669B62305819AC96E57ED98C" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Gnaptorina tishkovi Medvedev, 1998 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H legs I pygopods, dorsal view J pygopods, ventral view K pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A C); 1 mm (D F, H K); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113496">4 C</figureCitation>
). Mesothoracic spiracles are almost twice size of abdominal segment I spiracles; lateral margins of abdominal segments I VIII and mesothorax each with a pair of oval spiracles, abdominal segment I spiracles largest, abdominal segments I VIII spiracles gradually shrinking.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>