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<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F70950BFDDDFB79DF39FB18" bold="true" box="[602,835,1240,1267]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Bombus simillimus</emphasis>
Smith, 1852
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<subSubSection id="E59365571F70950BFD11FB5DDFE7FAFD" box="[662,925,1276,1302]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F70950BFD11FB5DDFE7FAFD" blockId="50.[602,986,1240,1302]" box="[662,925,1276,1302]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F70950BFD11FB5DDE9BFAFD" box="[662,737,1276,1302]" captionStart="Figs 1‒6" captionStartId="4.[189,241,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[285,1302,265,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-10@4.[284,1303,265,1818]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 1‒6. Individuals of the subgenus Melanobombus von Dalla Torre, 1880 (with photo credits). 1. Bombus eximius Smith, 1852, queen, Thailand (CT). 2. B. simillimus Smith, 1852, worker, India- Kashmir (RR). 3. B. prshewalskyi Morawitz, 1880, worker, China-Gansu (PW). 4. B. eriophorus Klug, 1807, queen, Georgia (I. Popov). 5. B. semenovianus (Skorikov, 1914), male, India-Kashmir (PW). 6. B. ladakhensis Richards, 1928, male, China-Gansu (PW). Some images reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064326/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F70950BFD6AFB5DDF76FAFD" box="[749,780,1276,1302]" captionStart="Figs 12‒13" captionStartId="24.[189,241,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[205,1380,558,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-106@24.[189,1398,558,1810]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figs 12‒13. Maps of sequenced samples. 12. The rufipes-group and festivus-group. 13. The rufofasciatus- group as recognised as species from the UHF-PTP analysis in Fig. 10. Keys to the coloured symbols are shown on the left (in some cases symbols on the map for one species may overlie symbols for another). Maps projected onto a sphere in ArcGIS using World_Shaded_Relief basemap © 2014 ESRI and showing boundaries between countries as recognised by the UN." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064336/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">13</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F70950BFC9EFB5DDF1FFAFD" box="[793,869,1276,1302]" captionStart="Figs 25–63" captionStartId="39.[189,241,1532,1558]" captionTargetBox="[370,1216,268,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-11@39.[368,1219,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figs 25–63. Simplified diagrams for the colour patterns of the hair on the dorsum for the species from the integrative analysis. The dorsum is divided into regions, each of which shows only the predominant or most apparent colour for that region using a simplified colour palette, with olive indicating a mixture of black and yellow hair, and grey indicating a mixture of black and white hair. The rufipes-group. 25. Queen, China-Taiwan. 26. Queen, China-Guangdong. 27. Worker, China-Sichuan. 28. Worker, Thailand. 29. Queen, Nepal. 30. Male, China-Sichuan. 31. Male, China-Sichuan. 32. Male, Thailand. 33. Male, Nepal. 34. Male, Nepal. 35. Queen, Indonesia-Sumatra. 36. Queen, Indonesia-Java. 37. Male, Indonesia-Java. The festivus-group. 38. Queen, Nepal. 39. Queen, China-Sichuan. 40. Worker, China- Sichuan. 41. Worker, China-Xizang. 42. Worker, China-Yunnan. 43. Male, Nepal. 44. Male, China- Yunnan. 45. Male, China-Yunnan. The rufofasciatus-group. 46. Queen, India-Kashmir. 47. Worker, India-Kashmir. 48. Male, India-Kashmir. 49. Male, India-Kashmir. 50. Queen, India-Arunachal Pradesh. 51. Queen, Bhutan. 52. Worker, Bhutan. 53. Worker, Bhutan. 54. Male, Bhutan. 55. Queen, India-Kashmir. 56. Queen, India-Kashmir. 57. Worker, India-Kashmir. 58. Worker, India-Kashmir. 59. Worker, India- Kashmir. 60. Worker, Pakistan. 61. Male, India-Kashmir. 62. Male, India-Kashmir. 63. Male, Nepal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064352/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">46–49</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F70950BFCF6FB5DDFE7FAFD" box="[881,925,1276,1302]" captionStart="Figs 181‒189" captionStartId="43.[189,241,1746,1772]" captionTargetBox="[244,1328,297,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-11@43.[209,1378,265,1712]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figs 181‒189. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus Melanobombus von Dalla Torre, 1880 from the dorsal aspect, anterior at the bottom of the image, posterior at the top. 181. Bombus eximius Smith, 1852, China-Guangxi. 182. B. rufipes Lepeletier, 1835, Indonesia- Java. 183. B. festivus Smith, 1861, Nepal. 184. B. simillimus Smith, 1852, India-Himachal Pradesh. 185. B. miniatus Bingham, 1897, Bhutan. 186. B. eurythorax Wang, 1982 stat. rev., India-Kashmir. 187. B. prshewalskyi Morawitz, 1880 stat. rev., China-Sichuan. 188. B. rufofasciatus Smith, 1852, India- Kashmir. 189. B. richardsiellus (Tkalců, 1968), Burma (left volsella distal part missing). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064360/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">184</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E59365571F70950BFF3AFA9CDF8EF9CD" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F70950BFF3AFA9CDE17FAB3" blockId="50.[189,1360,1341,1474]" box="[189,621,1341,1368]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8D9911F21F70950BFF3AFA9CDE17FAB3" box="[189,621,1341,1368]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F70950BFF3AFA9CDE13FAB3" author="Smith F." box="[189,617,1341,1368]" page="48" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1852">
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F70950BFF3AFA9CDE13FAB3" ID-CoL="MFV9" authority="Smith, 1852 a: 48" authorityName="Smith" authorityPageNumber="48" authorityYear="1852" box="[189,617,1341,1368]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimis">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F70950BFF3AFA9CDDEFFABC" box="[189,405,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Bombus simillimis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F70950BFE1BFA9CDE13FAB3" author="Smith F." box="[412,617,1341,1368]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="45 - 48" refId="ref70908" refString="Smith F. 1852 a. Descriptions of some hymenopterous insects from northern India. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 7 (2): 45 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1852. tb 02209. x" type="journal article" year="1852">Smith, 1852a: 48</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F70950BFF3AFAC0DE25FA90" blockId="50.[189,1360,1341,1474]" box="[189,607,1376,1403]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8D9911F21F70950BFF3AFAC0DE25FA90" box="[189,607,1376,1403]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F70950BFF3AFAC0DE21FA90" author="Frison T. H." box="[189,603,1376,1403]" page="335" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1933">
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F70950BFF3AFAC0DE21FA90" ID-CoL="N938" authority="Frison, 1933: 335" authorityName="Frison" authorityPageNumber="335" authorityYear="1933" box="[189,603,1376,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bremus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F70950BFF3AFAC0DDFAFA90" box="[189,384,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Bremus oculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F70950BFE0FFAC0DE21FA90" author="Frison T. H." box="[392,603,1376,1403]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="331 - 342" refId="ref65837" refString="Frison T. H. 1933. Records and descriptions of Bremus and Psithyrus from India (Bremidae: Hymenoptera). Record of the Indian Museum 35: 331 - 342." type="journal article" year="1933">Frison, 1933: 335</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F70950BFF3AFA25DFCAFA2A" blockId="50.[189,1360,1341,1474]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8D9911F21F70950BFF3AFA25DFCAFA2A" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F70950BFF3AFA25DEB0FA75" author="Skorikov A. S." box="[189,714,1412,1438]" page="248" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1933">
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F70950BFF3AFA25DEB0FA75" ID-CoL="4X6DJ" authority="Skorikov, 1933 a: 248" authorityName="Skorikov" authorityPageNumber="248" authorityYear="1933" box="[189,714,1412,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Sibiricobombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonsus">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F70950BFF3AFA25DDBDFA75" box="[189,455,1412,1438]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Sibiricobombus tonsus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F70950BFE48FA25DEB0FA75" author="Skorikov A. S." box="[463,714,1412,1438]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="243 - 248" refId="ref70859" refString="Skorikov A. S. 1933 a. Zur Fauna und Zoogeographie der Hummeln des Himalaya. Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR 1933: 243 - 248." type="journal article" year="1933">Skorikov, 1933a: 248</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F70950BFD5EFA25DFF1FA75" author="Skorikov A. S." box="[729,907,1412,1438]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref70769" refString="Skorikov A. S. 1923. [Palaearctic bumblebees. Part I. General biology (including zoogeography)]. Izvestiya Severnoi oblastnoi stantsii zashchity rastenii ot vreditelei 4 (1922): 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1923">Skorikov 1923</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F70950BFC1FFA25DFADFA75" author="Skorikov A. S." box="[920,983,1412,1438]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="175 - 247" refId="ref70808" refString="Skorikov A. S. 1931. Die Hummelfauna Turkestans und ihre Beziehungen zur zentralasiatischen Fauna (Hymenoptera, Bombidae). In: Lindholm V. A. (ed.) Abhandlungen der Pamir-Expedition 1928: 175 - 247. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad." type="journal article" year="1931">1931</bibRefCitation>
: published without description). 
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F70950BFF3AFA06DDFCFA2A" ID-CoL="N938" authorityName="Franklin" authorityYear="1913" box="[189,390,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F70950BFF3AFA06DDFCFA2A" box="[189,390,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Bombus oculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var. [subsp.] 
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F70950BFDA0FA06DEB9FA2A" box="[551,707,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">haemorrhous</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F70950BFD4DFA06DFD6FA2A" author="Richards O. W." box="[714,940,1447,1473]" page="87" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1934">
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F70950BFD4DFA06DFD6FA2A" author="Richards O. W." box="[714,940,1447,1473]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="87 - 90" refId="ref70088" refString="Richards O. W. 1934. Some new species and varieties of oriental humble-bees (Hym. Bombidae). Stylops 3: 87 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1934. tb 01552. x" type="journal article" year="1934">Richards, 1934: 87</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F70950BFF3AFA49DFC7F9E9" blockId="50.[189,1012,1512,1575]" box="[189,957,1512,1539]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8D9911F21F70950BFF3AFA49DFC7F9E9" box="[189,957,1512,1539]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F70950BFF3AFA49DD0AF9E9" ID-CoL="MFV8" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[189,368,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F70950BFF3AFA49DD0AF9E9" box="[189,368,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Bombus similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F70950BFE0AFA49DE29F9E8" author="Smith F." box="[397,595,1512,1539]" page="403" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1854">
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F70950BFE0AFA49DE29F9E8" author="Smith F." box="[397,595,1512,1539]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref71021" refString="Smith F. 1854. Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part II. Apidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20858" type="book" year="1854">Smith 1854: 403</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, incorrect subsequent spelling.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F70950BFF3AF9ADDF8EF9CD" blockId="50.[189,1012,1512,1575]" box="[189,1012,1548,1575]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8D9911F21F70950BFF3AF9ADDF8EF9CD" box="[189,1012,1548,1575]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F70950BFF3AF9ADDDE6F9CD" ID-CoL="5WNQJ" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[189,412,1548,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F70950BFF3AF9ADDDE6F9CD" box="[189,412,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Bombus simillimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F70950BFE3EF9ADDE88F9CC" author="von Dalla Torre K. W." box="[441,754,1548,1575]" page="548" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1896">
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F70950BFE3EF9ADDE88F9CC" author="von Dalla Torre K. W." box="[441,754,1548,1575]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref72066" refString="von Dalla Torre K. W. 1896. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque Descriptorum Systematicus et Synonymicus. Volumen X: Apidae (Anthophila). G. Engelmann, Leipzig [Lipsiae]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10348" type="book" year="1896">von Dalla Torre 1896: 548</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, justified emendation.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E59365571F70950BFF3AF9ECD83AF874" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F70950BFF3AF9ECD965F960" blockId="50.[189,1399,1613,1675]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Our PTP analysis (
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F70950BFE1EF9ECDD94F98C" box="[409,494,1613,1639]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1953,1979]" captionTargetBox="[233,1316,282,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-12@21.[233,1355,265,1914]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 10. October 2019 (Fig. 8) Bayesian PTP analysis of MrBayes tree of unique COI barcodes (UHF- PTP). Symbols as in Fig. 9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064332/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) of coalescents in the COI gene within the 
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F70950BFC6DF9ECD8F9F98C" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[1002,1155,1613,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufofasciatus">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F70950BFC6DF9ECD8F9F98C" box="[1002,1155,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">rufofasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group supports nine species including 
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F70950BFE08F9D0DE53F961" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[399,553,1648,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F70950BFE08F9D0DE53F961" box="[399,553,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">B. simillimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, corroborated by differences in morphology (see the Diagnosis).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F70950BFF3AF913D83AF874" blockId="50.[189,1399,1714,1952]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Females show pronounced size-dependent dimorphism in the colour pattern of the hair: large queens have the thorax and T1–2 black (taxon 
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F70950BFD1CF974DF6EF904" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[667,788,1749,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="simillimus">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F70950BFD1CF974DF6EF904" box="[667,788,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">simillimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F70950BFC99F977DF1BF91B" box="[798,865,1750,1776]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
); whereas workers (which are smaller) have the thorax grey-white and T1–2 dark chocolate brown (
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F70950BFCD8F959DFD6F8F9" box="[863,940,1784,1810]" captionStart="Figs 1‒6" captionStartId="4.[189,241,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[285,1302,265,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-10@4.[284,1303,265,1818]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 1‒6. Individuals of the subgenus Melanobombus von Dalla Torre, 1880 (with photo credits). 1. Bombus eximius Smith, 1852, queen, Thailand (CT). 2. B. simillimus Smith, 1852, worker, India- Kashmir (RR). 3. B. prshewalskyi Morawitz, 1880, worker, China-Gansu (PW). 4. B. eriophorus Klug, 1807, queen, Georgia (I. Popov). 5. B. semenovianus (Skorikov, 1914), male, India-Kashmir (PW). 6. B. ladakhensis Richards, 1928, male, China-Gansu (PW). Some images reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064326/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
: taxon 
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F70950BFB80F959D8D9F8F9" box="[1031,1187,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">haemorrhous</emphasis>
). Males have the thoracic dorsum and often T1–2 grey-white (taxon 
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F70950BFC9FF8BADF01F8DE" authorityName="Franklin" authorityYear="1913" box="[792,891,1819,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F70950BFC9FF8BADF01F8DE" box="[792,891,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">oculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Unsurprisingly, the queens, workers, and males were first described as separate species. That these castes and sexes are conspecific has been confirmed from examining variation within one colony excavated in Kashmir (
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F70950BFBFBF8C3D948F897" author="Williams P. H." box="[1148,1330,1890,1916]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref72395" refString="Williams P. H. 1991. The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 60: 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1991">Williams 1991</bibRefCitation>
). The male is distinctive for its unusually large eyes (
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F70950BFD63F824DF0DF874" author="Frison T. H." box="[740,887,1925,1951]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="331 - 342" refId="ref65837" refString="Frison T. H. 1933. Records and descriptions of Bremus and Psithyrus from India (Bremidae: Hymenoptera). Record of the Indian Museum 35: 331 - 342." type="journal article" year="1933">Frison 1933</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F70950BFC05F824D849F874" author="Williams P. H." box="[898,1075,1925,1951]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref72395" refString="Williams P. H. 1991. The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 60: 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1991">Williams 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E59365571F71950AFF3AFEA9DD2BFEBA" box="[189,337,264,337]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F71950AFF3AFEA9DD4CFEC9" blockId="51.[189,310,264,290]" box="[189,310,264,290]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="F67E81B01F71950AFF3AFEA9DD4CFEC9" bold="true" box="[189,310,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="3">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFF3AFEA9DD4CFEC9" bold="true" box="[189,310,264,290]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F71950AFF6DFE96DD2BFEBA" blockId="51.[189,1399,311,443]" box="[234,337,311,337]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFF6DFE96DD2BFEBA" bold="true" box="[234,337,311,337]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Females</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E59365571F71950AFF3AFEFBDF83FCFD" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F71950AFF3AFEFBDFB9FE50" blockId="51.[189,1399,311,443]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Queens large body length 
<quantity id="6A719B391F71950AFE75FEFBDE0EFE9E" box="[498,628,346,373]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="26.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="25.0">25–27 mm</quantity>
, workers 
<quantity id="6A719B391F71950AFD61FEFBDF12FE9E" box="[742,872,346,373]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="12.0">12–17 mm</quantity>
. Can be distinguished by the combination of the hair of the thoracic dorsum either entirely black (queen) or entirely white (worker: 
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F71950AFB38FEDCD97CFE73" box="[1215,1286,381,408]" captionStart="Figs 1‒6" captionStartId="4.[189,241,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[285,1302,265,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-10@4.[284,1303,265,1818]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 1‒6. Individuals of the subgenus Melanobombus von Dalla Torre, 1880 (with photo credits). 1. Bombus eximius Smith, 1852, queen, Thailand (CT). 2. B. simillimus Smith, 1852, worker, India- Kashmir (RR). 3. B. prshewalskyi Morawitz, 1880, worker, China-Gansu (PW). 4. B. eriophorus Klug, 1807, queen, Georgia (I. Popov). 5. B. semenovianus (Skorikov, 1914), male, India-Kashmir (PW). 6. B. ladakhensis Richards, 1928, male, China-Gansu (PW). Some images reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064326/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) with the wings dark brown (cf. 
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F71950AFE40FE00DE1BFE50" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[455,609,417,443]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lapidarius">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFE40FE00DE1BFE50" box="[455,609,417,443]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">B. lapidarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F71950AFDE8FE00DF6BFE50" authorityName="Klug" authorityYear="1807" box="[623,785,417,443]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eriophorus">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFDE8FE00DF6BFE50" box="[623,785,417,443]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">B. eriophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F71950AFC98FE00DFC9FE51" authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1890" box="[799,947,417,442]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrosoma">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFC98FE00DFC9FE51" box="[799,947,417,442]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">B. pyrosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F71950AFF6DFE43DD4FFE17" blockId="51.[189,1399,482,790]" box="[234,309,482,508]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFF6DFE43DD4FFE17" bold="true" box="[234,309,482,508]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Males</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F71950AFF3AFDA4DF83FCFD" blockId="51.[189,1399,482,790]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Body length 
<quantity id="6A719B391F71950AFEDEFDA4DDA7FDCB" box="[345,477,517,544]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="16.0">16–18 mm</quantity>
. Can be distinguished by the combination of the hair of the thoracic dorsum entirely white with the wings dark brown, similarly coloured to the worker, but the hair of T1 and usually T2 is white; hair of T3 almost entirely black and without a yellow posterior fringe (cf. other 
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F71950AFF3AFDCEDD2CFD62" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[189,342,623,649]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufofasciatus">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFF3AFDCEDD2CFD62" box="[189,342,623,649]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">rufofasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group species except 
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F71950AFDE6FDD1DF5FFD62" baseAuthorityName="Tkalcu" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[609,805,623,649]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richardsiellus">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFDE6FDD1DF5FFD62" box="[609,805,623,649]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">B. richardsiellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Genitalia (
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F71950AFC3BFDCED858FD62" box="[956,1058,623,649]" captionStart="Figs 181‒189" captionStartId="43.[189,241,1746,1772]" captionTargetBox="[244,1328,297,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-11@43.[209,1378,265,1712]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figs 181‒189. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus Melanobombus von Dalla Torre, 1880 from the dorsal aspect, anterior at the bottom of the image, posterior at the top. 181. Bombus eximius Smith, 1852, China-Guangxi. 182. B. rufipes Lepeletier, 1835, Indonesia- Java. 183. B. festivus Smith, 1861, Nepal. 184. B. simillimus Smith, 1852, India-Himachal Pradesh. 185. B. miniatus Bingham, 1897, Bhutan. 186. B. eurythorax Wang, 1982 stat. rev., India-Kashmir. 187. B. prshewalskyi Morawitz, 1880 stat. rev., China-Sichuan. 188. B. rufofasciatus Smith, 1852, India- Kashmir. 189. B. richardsiellus (Tkalců, 1968), Burma (left volsella distal part missing). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064360/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 184</figureCitation>
) with the gonostylus robust, about half as long on its outer side as broad, with the distal edge concave and the inner distal corner and the inner proximal corner both broad and nearly 90° (cf. all other 
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F71950AFC6FFD14D8E7FD24" authorityName="von Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1880" box="[1000,1181,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melanobombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFC6FFD14D8E7FD24" box="[1000,1181,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Melanobombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); volsella with the inner distal corner broadly rounded and without a narrow hook (
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F71950AFC34FD79D848FD18" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1861" box="[947,1074,728,755]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festivus">
cf. 
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFC5DFD78D848FD18" box="[986,1074,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">festivus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group, other 
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F71950AFB54FD78D916FD18" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[1235,1388,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufofasciatus">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFB54FD78D916FD18" box="[1235,1388,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">rufofasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- group); antenna short and eye strongly enlarged relative to female eye.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E59365571F71950AFF3AFC9CD8A2FB68" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F71950AFF3AFC9CDDD0FCBC" blockId="51.[189,426,829,855]" box="[189,426,829,855]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="F67E81B01F71950AFF3AFC9CDDD0FCBC" bold="true" box="[189,426,829,855]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="3">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFF3AFC9CDDD0FCBC" bold="true" box="[189,426,829,855]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F71950AFF6DFCCDDD1CFC6D" blockId="51.[189,1399,876,973]" box="[234,358,876,902]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFF6DFCCDDD1CFC6D" bold="true" box="[234,358,876,902]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<typeStatus id="7232887E1F71950AFF6DFCCDDD1CFC6D" box="[234,358,876,902]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F71950AFF3AFC2EDE07FC26" blockId="51.[189,1399,876,973]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F71950AFF3AFC2EDE07FC26" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606447" collectionCode="NHMUK, PW" country="India" location="INDIA" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F71950AFF3AFC2EDD74FC42" box="[189,270,911,937]" name="India" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">INDIA</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F71950AFEB6FC2EDD3DFC42" box="[305,327,911,937]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
(queen), 
<typeStatus id="7232887E1F71950AFE46FC2EDE57FC42" box="[449,557,911,937]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F71950AFDBFFC2EDFC6FC41" authority="Smith, 1852" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[568,956,911,938]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFDBFFC2EDF66FC42" box="[568,796,911,937]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Bombus simillimus</emphasis>
Smith, 1852
</taxonomicName>
by designation of 
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F71950AFB2DFC2ED90BFC42" author="Williams P. H." box="[1194,1393,911,937]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref72395" refString="Williams P. H. 1991. The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 60: 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1991">Williams (1991)</bibRefCitation>
; “N.[orth]”; 
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F71950AFEC1FC12DDCFFC26" box="[326,437,947,973]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
(examined 
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F71950AFDB8FC12DE0AFC26" box="[575,624,947,973]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">PW</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F71950AFF3AFC52DE27FBE5" blockId="51.[189,605,1011,1038]" box="[189,605,1011,1038]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFF3AFC52DDC8FBE5" bold="true" box="[189,434,1011,1038]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Material sequenced</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F71950AFE44FC52DE2FFBE5" box="[451,597,1011,1038]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F71950AFF3AFB83D8A2FB68" blockId="51.[189,1399,1058,1155]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F71950AFF3AFB83DFE5FBB4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606405" collectingDate="1980-09" collectionCode="NHMUK, PW" collectorName="P. Williams" country="India" latitude="34.16" location="Kashmir" longLatPrecision="720" longitude="74.9" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="ML182, ML314, ML316" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4">
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F71950AFF3AFB83DD74FBD7" box="[189,270,1058,1084]" name="India" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">INDIA</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F71950AFEAAFB83DD08FBD6" box="[301,370,1058,1085]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(workers); 
<location id="A85660071F71950AFD86FB83DE10FBD7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F70950AFDDDFB79D845FA04:A85660071F71950AFD86FB83DE10FBD7" box="[513,618,1058,1084]" country="India" latitude="34.16" longLatPrecision="720" longitude="74.9" name="Kashmir" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Kashmir</location>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F71950AFDFFFB83DE92FBD6" box="[632,744,1058,1085]" degrees="34.16" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="555" value="34.16">34.16° N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F71950AFD70FB83DF1EFBD6" box="[759,868,1058,1085]" degrees="74.90" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="555" value="74.9">74.90° E</geoCoordinate>
; 
<date id="D937101C1F71950AFCF4FB83DF95FBD7" box="[883,1007,1058,1084]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1980-09">
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F71950AFCF4FB83DF95FBD7" box="[883,1007,1058,1084]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1980-09">Sep. 1980</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName id="007C530A1F71950AFC79FB82D8FCFBD7" box="[1022,1158,1058,1085]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. Williams</collectorName>
leg.; 
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F71950AFB49FB82D947FBD6" box="[1230,1341,1059,1085]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
seq: NHMPW17 to NHMPW20; 
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F71950AFD9EFBE7DE33FB8B" box="[537,585,1094,1120]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">PW</collectionCode>
: 
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F71950AFDD0FBE4DEC8FBB4" box="[599,690,1093,1119]" collectionCode="PW" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ML182</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F71950AFD45FBE4DF63FBB4" box="[706,793,1093,1119]" collectionCode="PW" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ML314</specimenCode>
to 
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F71950AFCC0FBE4DFE5FBB4" box="[839,927,1093,1119]" collectionCode="PW" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ML316</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F71950AFC47FBE4D8AEFB68" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606512" collectingDate="2004-09-10" collectionCode="RR" collectorName="R. Raina" country="India" latitude="31.537" location="Jalori" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="77.3729" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="ML384" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">
1 ♂; 
<collectingRegion id="6F4DF83E1F71950AFB84FBE4D89AFBB4" box="[1027,1248,1093,1119]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="A85660071F71950AFB68FBE4D94AFBB4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F70950AFDDDFB79D845FA04:A85660071F71950AFB68FBE4D94AFBB4" box="[1263,1328,1093,1119]" country="India" latitude="31.537" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="77.3729" name="Jalori" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">Jalori</location>
pass; 
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F71950AFF3AFBC9DD3DFB68" box="[189,327,1128,1155]" degrees="31.5370" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="5" value="31.537">31.5370° N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F71950AFED4FBC8DDA1FB68" box="[339,475,1129,1155]" degrees="77.3729" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="5" value="77.3729">77.3729° E</geoCoordinate>
; 
<date id="D937101C1F71950AFE60FBC8DEFEFB68" box="[487,644,1129,1155]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2004-09-10">
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F71950AFE60FBC8DEFEFB68" box="[487,644,1129,1155]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2004-09-10">10 Sep. 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName id="007C530A1F71950AFD16FBC8DE8DFB69" box="[657,759,1128,1155]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">R. Raina</collectorName>
leg.; BOLD seq: 6877B09; 
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F71950AFBC5FBC8D814FB68" box="[1090,1134,1129,1155]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">RR</collectionCode>
: 
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F71950AFBFEFBC8D8AEFB68" box="[1145,1236,1129,1155]" collectionCode="RR" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ML384</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E59365571F71950AFF3AFB0BDD8CFAD2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F71950AFF3AFB0BDDD7FB2F" blockId="51.[189,429,1194,1220]" box="[189,429,1194,1220]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="F67E81B01F71950AFF3AFB0BDDD7FB2F" bold="true" box="[189,429,1194,1220]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="3">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFF3AFB0BDDD7FB2F" bold="true" box="[189,429,1194,1220]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Global distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F71950AFF3AFB79DD8CFAD2" blockId="51.[189,1399,1240,1337]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
(West Himalayan mountain species) 
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFD04FB79DE87FB19" bold="true" box="[643,765,1240,1266]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Himalaya</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F71950AFC95FB79DFDBFB19" box="[786,929,1240,1266]" name="Pakistan" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">PAKISTAN</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F71950AFC34FB78D871FB18" box="[947,1035,1241,1267]" name="India" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">INDIA</collectingCountry>
: Kashmir, 
<collectingRegion id="6F4DF83E1F71950AFB14FB79D908FB19" box="[1171,1394,1240,1266]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
, Uttaranchal. (IOZ, NHMUK, PW, ZIN, ZMHB.) The species is narrowly distributed but locally common and not rare in collections.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E59365571F71950AFF3AFAC1D845FA04" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F71950AFF3AFAC1DD45FA91" blockId="51.[189,319,1376,1402]" box="[189,319,1376,1402]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="F67E81B01F71950AFF3AFAC1DD45FA91" bold="true" box="[189,319,1376,1402]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="3">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFF3AFAC1DD45FA91" bold="true" box="[189,319,1376,1402]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Behaviour</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F71950AFF3AFA2ED845FA04" blockId="51.[189,1399,1423,1520]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
A colony of this species has been described from underground in a deciduous forest at 
<quantity id="6A719B391F71950AFB47FA2ED963FA42" box="[1216,1305,1423,1449]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
a.s.l. in Kashmir (
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F71950AFEB6FA13DD9EFA27" author="Williams P. H." box="[305,484,1458,1484]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref72395" refString="Williams P. H. 1991. The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 60: 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1991">Williams 1991</bibRefCitation>
). Food-plant generalists (
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F71950AFC8BFA13DFC4FA27" author="Williams P. H." box="[780,958,1458,1484]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref72395" refString="Williams P. H. 1991. The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 60: 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1991">Williams 1991</bibRefCitation>
). The male mate-searching behaviour is expected to resemble the territoriality of 
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F71950AFD30FA77D841FA04" authority="(Williams 1991)" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[695,1083,1493,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufofasciatus">
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFD30FA77DF0AFA04" box="[695,880,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">B. rufofasciatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F71950AFC07FA74D848FA04" author="Williams P. H." box="[896,1074,1493,1519]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref72395" refString="Williams P. H. 1991. The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 60: 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1991">Williams 1991</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>