854 lines
104 KiB
XML
854 lines
104 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.918.38201" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7d6fbac8-4f90-4666-b0db-bec5b87f17ce" ID-PMC="PMC7082368" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-918-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F218AB91564356C3A5931DC26E1715B8" ID-PubMed="32210662" ID-ZooBank="712C2648725543918DECDC875E8EA237" ModsDocID="1313-2970-918-1" checkinTime="1584104989432" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lenis, Carolina, Ruiz, Freddy, Muskus, Carlos, Marcilla, Antonio & Velez, Imelda" docDate="2020" docId="AB659D89132A5A69AF77FB117A431E6A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 918: 1-14" docOrigin="ZooKeys 918" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.918.38201" docTitle="Temnocephala ivandarioi Lenis & Ruiz & Muskus & Marcilla & Vélez 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="E7284E9B-D311-46C3-B5CF-26CA544B15EF" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="F218AB91564356C3A5931DC26E1715B8" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="F218AB91564356C3A5931DC26E1715B8" masterDocTitle="A new flatworm species of Temnocephala (Rhabdocoela, Temnocephalidae) ectosymbiont on the freshwater crab Valdivia serrata (Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) from Amazonas, Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1668168549393" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new flatworm species of Temnocephala (Rhabdocoela, Temnocephalidae) ectosymbiont on the freshwater crab Valdivia serrata (Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) from Amazonas, Colombia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lenis, Carolina</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ruiz, Freddy</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Muskus, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Marcilla, Antonio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Velez, Imelda</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>918</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>14</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.918.38201</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.918.38201</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-918-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">712C2648725543918DECDC875E8EA237</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">F218AB91564356C3A5931DC26E1715B8</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162487063" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E7284E9B-D311-46C3-B5CF-26CA544B15EF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB659D89132A5A69AF77FB117A431E6A" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName LSID="AB659D89-132A-5A69-AF77-FB117A431E6A" authority="Lenis & Ruiz & Muskus & Marcilla & Vélez, 2020" authorityName="Lenis & Ruiz & Muskus & Marcilla & Vélez" authorityYear="2020" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala ivandarioi" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ivandarioi" status="sp. nov.">Temnocephala ivandarioi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="3">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. and Valdivia serrata A paratype of Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. showing an egg, ventral view B adult paratype stained in Meyer's paracarmine C holotype stained in Borax carmine D male specimen of V. serrata E abdomen F gonopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 200 µm (A-C); 10 mm (D-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388536" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 1A -C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. A adult specimen diagram, showing adhesive disk (ad), anterior testes (at), cyanophilous glands (cg), disk glands (dg), excretory vesicle (ev), Haswell's glands (hg), intestinal sac (i), mouth (m), pharynx (ph), posterior testes (pt), rhabditogenic glands (rg), tentacles (t), and vitellarium (v) B reproductive system, showing female reproductive complex: anterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (advs), anterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (apvs), genital atrium (ga), genital pore (gp), posterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (pdvs), posterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (ppvs), ovary (ov), vagina (va), and resorbens vesicle (vr); and male reproductive organs: cirrus (c), prostatic bulb (pb), prostatic vesicle (pv), seminal vesicle (sv), and vasa deferentia (vd) C line drawing of cirrus in different focusing planes, showing the sclerites portion of the introvert (sp), and proximal limit of the introvert (arrows). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 100 µm (B); 20 μm (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388537" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">, 2A -C</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type host">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type host.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="White" authorityYear="1847" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichodactylidae" genus="Valdivia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Valdivia serrata" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Valdivia serrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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White, 1847 (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. and Valdivia serrata A paratype of Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. showing an egg, ventral view B adult paratype stained in Meyer's paracarmine C holotype stained in Borax carmine D male specimen of V. serrata E abdomen F gonopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 200 µm (A-C); 10 mm (D-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388536" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1D-F</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="site of infection">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Site of infection.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Branchial chambers.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="prevalence">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Prevalence.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">36% of the eleven hosts were infected.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kilómetro">Kilometro</normalizedToken>
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11, Reserva Natural Tanimboca, Leticia, Amazonas (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="39.8" value="-4.1277223">4°07'39.8"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="13.0" value="-69.953606">69°57'13.0"W</geoCoordinate>
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), Colombia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type specimens">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Holotype: CCH.116 (159); Paratypes: CCH.116 (160).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Examined material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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10 whole mounted specimens; 5 stained in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Meyer’s">Meyer's</normalizedToken>
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paracarmine; 5 stained in Borax carmine; 6 dissected cirrus; 2 samples observed by SEM, 5 unhatched eggs observed by SEM.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">External characteristics.</emphasis>
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Body (without tentacles) 1.36-2.26 mm (1.75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.25) long by 1.18-1.56 mm (1.36
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.11) wide; adhesive disk ventral, subterminal 280-520 (370
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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82) long by 320-520 (400
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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40) wide (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. and Valdivia serrata A paratype of Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. showing an egg, ventral view B adult paratype stained in Meyer's paracarmine C holotype stained in Borax carmine D male specimen of V. serrata E abdomen F gonopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 200 µm (A-C); 10 mm (D-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388536" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1A-C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. A adult specimen diagram, showing adhesive disk (ad), anterior testes (at), cyanophilous glands (cg), disk glands (dg), excretory vesicle (ev), Haswell's glands (hg), intestinal sac (i), mouth (m), pharynx (ph), posterior testes (pt), rhabditogenic glands (rg), tentacles (t), and vitellarium (v) B reproductive system, showing female reproductive complex: anterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (advs), anterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (apvs), genital atrium (ga), genital pore (gp), posterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (pdvs), posterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (ppvs), ovary (ov), vagina (va), and resorbens vesicle (vr); and male reproductive organs: cirrus (c), prostatic bulb (pb), prostatic vesicle (pv), seminal vesicle (sv), and vasa deferentia (vd) C line drawing of cirrus in different focusing planes, showing the sclerites portion of the introvert (sp), and proximal limit of the introvert (arrows). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 100 µm (B); 20 μm (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388537" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2A</figureCitation>
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); eyespots with red pigmentation (observations made on live specimens; Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. details of epidermal excretory syncytial plates (DLSPs) and eggs A antero-lateral area observed with SEM showing leftmost tentacle and left DLSP, arrow showing contour and position of excretory pores (n) B line drawing of entire specimen showing the DLSPs C egg observed with SEM showing the filament (fi), peduncle (pe), and plane of fracture of the operculum (pf) D line drawing of a whole egg showing the oblique fracture plane to the longitudinal axis of the egg E live adult specimen showing red eyespot pigment F unhatched egg showing the filament (fi) G, H live eggs deposited on branchial chambers of V. serrata. Scale bars: 100 μm (A-F); 1 mm (G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388538" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3E</figureCitation>
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). DLSPs small, elliptical-shaped (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. details of epidermal excretory syncytial plates (DLSPs) and eggs A antero-lateral area observed with SEM showing leftmost tentacle and left DLSP, arrow showing contour and position of excretory pores (n) B line drawing of entire specimen showing the DLSPs C egg observed with SEM showing the filament (fi), peduncle (pe), and plane of fracture of the operculum (pf) D line drawing of a whole egg showing the oblique fracture plane to the longitudinal axis of the egg E live adult specimen showing red eyespot pigment F unhatched egg showing the filament (fi) G, H live eggs deposited on branchial chambers of V. serrata. Scale bars: 100 μm (A-F); 1 mm (G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388538" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3A, B</figureCitation>
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), 167 long by 141 wide (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">N</emphasis>
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= 2); excretory pore
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“subcentral”">"subcentral"</normalizedToken>
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in the DSLP, displaced towards the internal limit (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. details of epidermal excretory syncytial plates (DLSPs) and eggs A antero-lateral area observed with SEM showing leftmost tentacle and left DLSP, arrow showing contour and position of excretory pores (n) B line drawing of entire specimen showing the DLSPs C egg observed with SEM showing the filament (fi), peduncle (pe), and plane of fracture of the operculum (pf) D line drawing of a whole egg showing the oblique fracture plane to the longitudinal axis of the egg E live adult specimen showing red eyespot pigment F unhatched egg showing the filament (fi) G, H live eggs deposited on branchial chambers of V. serrata. Scale bars: 100 μm (A-F); 1 mm (G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388538" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3A</figureCitation>
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); length ratio of DLSPs:total body length, without tentacles, 1.0:10.7.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Alimentary system.</emphasis>
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Mouth surrounded by a large muscular sphincter 200-280 (220
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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26) long by 210-310 (248
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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32) wide; pharynx 330-620 (417
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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56) long by 450-620 (511
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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52) wide; intestine saccular, without septations (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. A adult specimen diagram, showing adhesive disk (ad), anterior testes (at), cyanophilous glands (cg), disk glands (dg), excretory vesicle (ev), Haswell's glands (hg), intestinal sac (i), mouth (m), pharynx (ph), posterior testes (pt), rhabditogenic glands (rg), tentacles (t), and vitellarium (v) B reproductive system, showing female reproductive complex: anterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (advs), anterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (apvs), genital atrium (ga), genital pore (gp), posterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (pdvs), posterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (ppvs), ovary (ov), vagina (va), and resorbens vesicle (vr); and male reproductive organs: cirrus (c), prostatic bulb (pb), prostatic vesicle (pv), seminal vesicle (sv), and vasa deferentia (vd) C line drawing of cirrus in different focusing planes, showing the sclerites portion of the introvert (sp), and proximal limit of the introvert (arrows). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 100 µm (B); 20 μm (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388537" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Glands.</emphasis>
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Rhabditogenic glands forming bunches in the lateral fields of the body extending from the pharynx to the middle level of the adhesive disk. Haswell cells in
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">front</pageBreakToken>
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of the eyespots and the brain. Disk glands between the adhesive disk and the genital complex (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. A adult specimen diagram, showing adhesive disk (ad), anterior testes (at), cyanophilous glands (cg), disk glands (dg), excretory vesicle (ev), Haswell's glands (hg), intestinal sac (i), mouth (m), pharynx (ph), posterior testes (pt), rhabditogenic glands (rg), tentacles (t), and vitellarium (v) B reproductive system, showing female reproductive complex: anterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (advs), anterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (apvs), genital atrium (ga), genital pore (gp), posterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (pdvs), posterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (ppvs), ovary (ov), vagina (va), and resorbens vesicle (vr); and male reproductive organs: cirrus (c), prostatic bulb (pb), prostatic vesicle (pv), seminal vesicle (sv), and vasa deferentia (vd) C line drawing of cirrus in different focusing planes, showing the sclerites portion of the introvert (sp), and proximal limit of the introvert (arrows). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 100 µm (B); 20 μm (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388537" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Female.</emphasis>
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Ovary ventral to the resorbens vesicle 57-100 (83
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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13;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N</emphasis>
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= 7), long by 60-145 (105
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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26;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N</emphasis>
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= 7) wide. Vagina elongated with strong muscular wall, connects to the genital atrium dorsally, 75-180 (125
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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37;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N</emphasis>
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= 4) long by 16-30 (23
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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4;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N</emphasis>
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= 6) wide with a widening of the distal portion; proximal vaginal sphincter symmetrical 16-34 (23
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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6;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N</emphasis>
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= 6) and distal vaginal sphincter symmetrical (16-20;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N</emphasis>
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= 2) (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. A adult specimen diagram, showing adhesive disk (ad), anterior testes (at), cyanophilous glands (cg), disk glands (dg), excretory vesicle (ev), Haswell's glands (hg), intestinal sac (i), mouth (m), pharynx (ph), posterior testes (pt), rhabditogenic glands (rg), tentacles (t), and vitellarium (v) B reproductive system, showing female reproductive complex: anterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (advs), anterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (apvs), genital atrium (ga), genital pore (gp), posterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (pdvs), posterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (ppvs), ovary (ov), vagina (va), and resorbens vesicle (vr); and male reproductive organs: cirrus (c), prostatic bulb (pb), prostatic vesicle (pv), seminal vesicle (sv), and vasa deferentia (vd) C line drawing of cirrus in different focusing planes, showing the sclerites portion of the introvert (sp), and proximal limit of the introvert (arrows). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 100 µm (B); 20 μm (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388537" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2B</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Details of the reproductive system of Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. A, B partial female reproductive system, showing: anterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (advs), anterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (apvs), distal vaginal sphincter (dvs), genital atrium (ga), posterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (pdvs), posterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (ppvs), proximal vaginal sphincter (pvs), ovary (ov), vagina (va), and vesicula resorbens (vr) C, D partial male reproductive system, showing: cirrus (c), prostatic bulb (pb), seminal vesicle duct (svd), seminal vesicle (sv), and vasa deferentia (vd) E, F cirrus introvert observed in different focusing planes, view of the circle of sclerites (sp) in the distal portion of the introvert and the smooth portion (smp) in the proximal limit of the introvert (pli). Scale bars: 50 μm (A-D); 20 μm (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388539" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Resorbens vesicle ovoid 110-180 (134
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
24,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 9) long by 172-212 (194
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
16;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 9) wide. Vitellarium arborescent and thin (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. A adult specimen diagram, showing adhesive disk (ad), anterior testes (at), cyanophilous glands (cg), disk glands (dg), excretory vesicle (ev), Haswell's glands (hg), intestinal sac (i), mouth (m), pharynx (ph), posterior testes (pt), rhabditogenic glands (rg), tentacles (t), and vitellarium (v) B reproductive system, showing female reproductive complex: anterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (advs), anterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (apvs), genital atrium (ga), genital pore (gp), posterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (pdvs), posterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (ppvs), ovary (ov), vagina (va), and resorbens vesicle (vr); and male reproductive organs: cirrus (c), prostatic bulb (pb), prostatic vesicle (pv), seminal vesicle (sv), and vasa deferentia (vd) C line drawing of cirrus in different focusing planes, showing the sclerites portion of the introvert (sp), and proximal limit of the introvert (arrows). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 100 µm (B); 20 μm (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388537" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eggs 557-638 (585
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
37;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4) long by 302-331 (312
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
13;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4) wide; filament small, subapical or apical (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. details of epidermal excretory syncytial plates (DLSPs) and eggs A antero-lateral area observed with SEM showing leftmost tentacle and left DLSP, arrow showing contour and position of excretory pores (n) B line drawing of entire specimen showing the DLSPs C egg observed with SEM showing the filament (fi), peduncle (pe), and plane of fracture of the operculum (pf) D line drawing of a whole egg showing the oblique fracture plane to the longitudinal axis of the egg E live adult specimen showing red eyespot pigment F unhatched egg showing the filament (fi) G, H live eggs deposited on branchial chambers of V. serrata. Scale bars: 100 μm (A-F); 1 mm (G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388538" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3C, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
); peduncles 146-243 (341
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
97); the plane of fracture is oblique with respect to the longitudinal axis of the egg (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. details of epidermal excretory syncytial plates (DLSPs) and eggs A antero-lateral area observed with SEM showing leftmost tentacle and left DLSP, arrow showing contour and position of excretory pores (n) B line drawing of entire specimen showing the DLSPs C egg observed with SEM showing the filament (fi), peduncle (pe), and plane of fracture of the operculum (pf) D line drawing of a whole egg showing the oblique fracture plane to the longitudinal axis of the egg E live adult specimen showing red eyespot pigment F unhatched egg showing the filament (fi) G, H live eggs deposited on branchial chambers of V. serrata. Scale bars: 100 μm (A-F); 1 mm (G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388538" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eggs deposited on branchial chambers of host (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. details of epidermal excretory syncytial plates (DLSPs) and eggs A antero-lateral area observed with SEM showing leftmost tentacle and left DLSP, arrow showing contour and position of excretory pores (n) B line drawing of entire specimen showing the DLSPs C egg observed with SEM showing the filament (fi), peduncle (pe), and plane of fracture of the operculum (pf) D line drawing of a whole egg showing the oblique fracture plane to the longitudinal axis of the egg E live adult specimen showing red eyespot pigment F unhatched egg showing the filament (fi) G, H live eggs deposited on branchial chambers of V. serrata. Scale bars: 100 μm (A-F); 1 mm (G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388538" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Two pairs of testes, medium-sized, usually rounded, slightly oblique, anterior testes 180-310 (231
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
34) long by 120-320 (220
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
48) wide; posterior testes 200-400 (260
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
60) long by 110-360 (254
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
65) wide (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. A adult specimen diagram, showing adhesive disk (ad), anterior testes (at), cyanophilous glands (cg), disk glands (dg), excretory vesicle (ev), Haswell's glands (hg), intestinal sac (i), mouth (m), pharynx (ph), posterior testes (pt), rhabditogenic glands (rg), tentacles (t), and vitellarium (v) B reproductive system, showing female reproductive complex: anterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (advs), anterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (apvs), genital atrium (ga), genital pore (gp), posterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (pdvs), posterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (ppvs), ovary (ov), vagina (va), and resorbens vesicle (vr); and male reproductive organs: cirrus (c), prostatic bulb (pb), prostatic vesicle (pv), seminal vesicle (sv), and vasa deferentia (vd) C line drawing of cirrus in different focusing planes, showing the sclerites portion of the introvert (sp), and proximal limit of the introvert (arrows). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 100 µm (B); 20 μm (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388537" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Seminal vesicle dorsal and anterolateral to the prostatic bulb (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. A adult specimen diagram, showing adhesive disk (ad), anterior testes (at), cyanophilous glands (cg), disk glands (dg), excretory vesicle (ev), Haswell's glands (hg), intestinal sac (i), mouth (m), pharynx (ph), posterior testes (pt), rhabditogenic glands (rg), tentacles (t), and vitellarium (v) B reproductive system, showing female reproductive complex: anterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (advs), anterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (apvs), genital atrium (ga), genital pore (gp), posterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (pdvs), posterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (ppvs), ovary (ov), vagina (va), and resorbens vesicle (vr); and male reproductive organs: cirrus (c), prostatic bulb (pb), prostatic vesicle (pv), seminal vesicle (sv), and vasa deferentia (vd) C line drawing of cirrus in different focusing planes, showing the sclerites portion of the introvert (sp), and proximal limit of the introvert (arrows). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 100 µm (B); 20 μm (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388537" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Details of the reproductive system of Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. A, B partial female reproductive system, showing: anterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (advs), anterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (apvs), distal vaginal sphincter (dvs), genital atrium (ga), posterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (pdvs), posterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (ppvs), proximal vaginal sphincter (pvs), ovary (ov), vagina (va), and vesicula resorbens (vr) C, D partial male reproductive system, showing: cirrus (c), prostatic bulb (pb), seminal vesicle duct (svd), seminal vesicle (sv), and vasa deferentia (vd) E, F cirrus introvert observed in different focusing planes, view of the circle of sclerites (sp) in the distal portion of the introvert and the smooth portion (smp) in the proximal limit of the introvert (pli). Scale bars: 50 μm (A-D); 20 μm (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388539" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4D</figureCitation>
|
||
), 52-137 (92
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
27) long by 82-237 (168
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
47) wide, wall 8.6 thick. Prostatic bulb 70-107 (91
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
14) long by 155-240 (191
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
30) wide (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. A adult specimen diagram, showing adhesive disk (ad), anterior testes (at), cyanophilous glands (cg), disk glands (dg), excretory vesicle (ev), Haswell's glands (hg), intestinal sac (i), mouth (m), pharynx (ph), posterior testes (pt), rhabditogenic glands (rg), tentacles (t), and vitellarium (v) B reproductive system, showing female reproductive complex: anterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (advs), anterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (apvs), genital atrium (ga), genital pore (gp), posterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (pdvs), posterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (ppvs), ovary (ov), vagina (va), and resorbens vesicle (vr); and male reproductive organs: cirrus (c), prostatic bulb (pb), prostatic vesicle (pv), seminal vesicle (sv), and vasa deferentia (vd) C line drawing of cirrus in different focusing planes, showing the sclerites portion of the introvert (sp), and proximal limit of the introvert (arrows). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 100 µm (B); 20 μm (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388537" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Details of the reproductive system of Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. A, B partial female reproductive system, showing: anterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (advs), anterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (apvs), distal vaginal sphincter (dvs), genital atrium (ga), posterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (pdvs), posterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (ppvs), proximal vaginal sphincter (pvs), ovary (ov), vagina (va), and vesicula resorbens (vr) C, D partial male reproductive system, showing: cirrus (c), prostatic bulb (pb), seminal vesicle duct (svd), seminal vesicle (sv), and vasa deferentia (vd) E, F cirrus introvert observed in different focusing planes, view of the circle of sclerites (sp) in the distal portion of the introvert and the smooth portion (smp) in the proximal limit of the introvert (pli). Scale bars: 50 μm (A-D); 20 μm (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388539" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cirrus small-sized, 120-147 (129
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
8) long; shaft cone-shaped, slightly curved up, with maximum width at base 40-47 (44
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2); introvert cone-shaped, not oblique, not curved, with a circle of sclerites (range 18-20) in the distal portion followed by a smooth portion without spines or ridges, 7.5-15 (10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
3;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 8) long, with maximum width 15-22 (18
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
3;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 10) at level of the distal portion (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. A adult specimen diagram, showing adhesive disk (ad), anterior testes (at), cyanophilous glands (cg), disk glands (dg), excretory vesicle (ev), Haswell's glands (hg), intestinal sac (i), mouth (m), pharynx (ph), posterior testes (pt), rhabditogenic glands (rg), tentacles (t), and vitellarium (v) B reproductive system, showing female reproductive complex: anterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (advs), anterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (apvs), genital atrium (ga), genital pore (gp), posterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (pdvs), posterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (ppvs), ovary (ov), vagina (va), and resorbens vesicle (vr); and male reproductive organs: cirrus (c), prostatic bulb (pb), prostatic vesicle (pv), seminal vesicle (sv), and vasa deferentia (vd) C line drawing of cirrus in different focusing planes, showing the sclerites portion of the introvert (sp), and proximal limit of the introvert (arrows). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 100 µm (B); 20 μm (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388537" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Details of the reproductive system of Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. A, B partial female reproductive system, showing: anterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (advs), anterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (apvs), distal vaginal sphincter (dvs), genital atrium (ga), posterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (pdvs), posterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (ppvs), proximal vaginal sphincter (pvs), ovary (ov), vagina (va), and vesicula resorbens (vr) C, D partial male reproductive system, showing: cirrus (c), prostatic bulb (pb), seminal vesicle duct (svd), seminal vesicle (sv), and vasa deferentia (vd) E, F cirrus introvert observed in different focusing planes, view of the circle of sclerites (sp) in the distal portion of the introvert and the smooth portion (smp) in the proximal limit of the introvert (pli). Scale bars: 50 μm (A-D); 20 μm (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388539" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4C, E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Diagrams of the cirrus of the species of Temnocephala associated with trichodactylid crabs. Terminology based on the cirrus structure (see comparative notes and Fig. 5). A Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. (present study) B Temnocephala lanei Pereira & Cuocolo, 1941 C Temnocephala longivaginata Seixas, Amato & Amato, 2011 D Temnocephala lutzi Monticelli, 1913 (Amato et al. 2005) E Temnocephala microdactyla Monticelli, 1903 F Temnocephala pignalberiae Dioni, 1967 (Amato et al. 2010) G Temnocephala santafesina Dioni, 1967 H Temnocephala trapeziformis Amato, Amato & Seixas, 2006 I Temnocephala travassosfilhoi Pereira & Cuocolo, 1941. Key: Shaft [shape: CO - cone; FU - funnel]; [curvature: CU - curved up; ST - straight; CD - curved down]. Introvert [shape: CY - cylindrical; CO - cone; SC - scoop]; [armed with: UN - unarmed; SP - spines; SL - sclerites; RI - ridges; ND - not described]; [angle: NO - not oblique; VO - very oblique]; [curvature: NC - not curved; FC - forward curved; BC - backward curved]." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388541" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ratio between total body length, without tentacles:total length of cirrus 14:1; ratio between total length of cirrus:width of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="shaft´s">shaft's</normalizedToken>
|
||
base 3:1; ratio between total length of cirrus:total length of introvert 13:1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The new species is dedicated to Dr.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Iván">Ivan</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Darío">Dario</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vélez">Velez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bernal for his outstanding contributions to the study of helminthology and the understanding of tropical diseases in Colombia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">Discussion</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Temnocephalida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="order">Temnocephalida</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a monophyletic group within the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="phylum">Platyhelminthes</taxonomicName>
|
||
included in Lymnotyphloplanida, which is part of the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Dalytyphloplanida">Dalytyphloplanida</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade, a major group of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="order">Rhabdocoela</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059917" author="Van Steenkiste, N" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="B30" refString="Van Steenkiste, N, Tessens, B, Willems, W, Backeljau, T, Jondelius, U, Artois, T, 2013. A Comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Dalytyphloplanida (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela) reveals multiple escapes from the marine environment and origins of symbiotic relationships. PLoS ONE 8(3): e59917. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059917" title="A Comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Dalytyphloplanida (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela) reveals multiple escapes from the marine environment and origins of symbiotic relationships. PLoS ONE 8 (3): e 59917." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059917" year="2013">Van Steenkiste et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Monticelli" authorityYear="1899" family="Temnocephalidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Temnocephalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Monticelli, 1899 is the most diverse family of the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Temnocephalida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="order">Temnocephalida</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Its members are distributed around Australia and the Neotropics (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.90.8688" author="Martinez-Aquino, A" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematics and Evolution" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="147 - 162" refId="B17" refString="Martinez-Aquino, A, Brusa, F, Damborenea, C, Gibson, D, 2014. Checklist of freshwater symbiotic temnocephalans (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora, Temnocephalida) from the Neotropics. Zoosystematics and Evolution 90: 147 - 162, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.90.8688" title="Checklist of freshwater symbiotic temnocephalans (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora, Temnocephalida) from the Neotropics." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.90.8688" volume="90" year="2014">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez-Aquino">Martinez-Aquino</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the type genus of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Monticelli" authorityYear="1899" family="Temnocephalidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Temnocephalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1849" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Temnocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Blanchard, 1849, is exclusive to the Neotropics. Autapomorphies of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1849" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Temnocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include red-pigmented eyespots, four epidermal syncytial plates, and excretory pores enclosed within the boundaries of the DLSPs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930152434454" author="Damborenea, MC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1103 - 1118" refId="B13" refString="Damborenea, MC, Cannon, LRG, 2001. On neotropical Temnocephala (platyhelminthes). Journal of Natural History 35: 1103 - 1118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930152434454" title="On neotropical Temnocephala (platyhelminthes)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930152434454" volume="35" year="2001">Damborenea and Cannon 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Major hosts to the members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1849" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Temnocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are chelonians, molluscs, insects, and
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">crustaceans</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, each hosting a particular assemblage of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1849" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Temnocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Particular host families are also specific for particular
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1849" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Temnocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.90.8688" author="Martinez-Aquino, A" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematics and Evolution" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="147 - 162" refId="B17" refString="Martinez-Aquino, A, Brusa, F, Damborenea, C, Gibson, D, 2014. Checklist of freshwater symbiotic temnocephalans (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora, Temnocephalida) from the Neotropics. Zoosystematics and Evolution 90: 147 - 162, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.90.8688" title="Checklist of freshwater symbiotic temnocephalans (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora, Temnocephalida) from the Neotropics." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.90.8688" volume="90" year="2014">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez-Aquino">Martinez-Aquino</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Taxonomy of temnocephalans is based on morphology of adult specimens with emphasis on the reproductive system. The structure of the cirrus is the trait of greatest taxonomic value (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Damborenea, MC" journalOrPublisher="Iheringia, Serie Zoologia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="111 - 120" publicationUrl="https://archive.org/details/biostor-80236" refId="B12" refString="Damborenea, MC, 1991. Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalidae) de la Argentina: Revision de caracteres especificos. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia 71: 111 - 120, https://archive.org/details/biostor-80236" title="Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalidae) de la Argentina: Revision de caracteres especificos." url="https://archive.org/details/biostor-80236" volume="71" year="1991">Damborenea 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930152434454" author="Damborenea, MC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1103 - 1118" refId="B13" refString="Damborenea, MC, Cannon, LRG, 2001. On neotropical Temnocephala (platyhelminthes). Journal of Natural History 35: 1103 - 1118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930152434454" title="On neotropical Temnocephala (platyhelminthes)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930152434454" volume="35" year="2001">Damborenea and Cannon 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sewell, K" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="199 - 280" publicationUrl="https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" refId="B29" refString="Sewell, K, Cannon, L, Blair, D, 2007. A review of Temnohaswellia and Temnosewellia (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida: Temnocephalidae) ectosymbionts from Australian crayfish Euastacus (Parastacidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 52: 199 - 280, https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" title="A review of Temnohaswellia and Temnosewellia (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida: Temnocephalidae) ectosymbionts from Australian crayfish Euastacus (Parastacidae)." url="https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" volume="52" year="2007">Sewell et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.7550/rmb.30259" author="Garces, AC" journalOrPublisher="Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1090 - 1099" refId="B16" refString="Garces, AC, Puerta, L, Tabares, Y, Lenis, C, Velasquez, LE, 2013. Temnocephala colombiensis n. sp. (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalidae) from Antioquia, Colombia. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84: 1090 - 1099, DOI: https://doi.org/10.7550/rmb.30259" title="Temnocephala colombiensis n. sp. (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalidae) from Antioquia, Colombia." url="https://doi.org/10.7550/rmb.30259" volume="84" year="2013">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Garcés">Garces</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Other traits important for species differentiation include composition of the female reproductive complex, eggs deposit areas in the host, and the shape of the DLSPs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Damborenea, C" journalOrPublisher="Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 7" publicationUrl="http://www.revista.ib.unam.mx/index.php/bio/article/view/504" refId="B11" refString="Damborenea, C, Brusa, F, 2008. A new species of Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) commensal of Pomella megastoma (Mollusca, Ampullariidae) from Misiones, Argentina. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 79: 1 - 7, http://www.revista.ib.unam.mx/index.php/bio/article/view/504" title="A new species of Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) commensal of Pomella megastoma (Mollusca, Ampullariidae) from Misiones, Argentina." url="http://www.revista.ib.unam.mx/index.php/bio/article/view/504" volume="79" year="2008">Damborenea and Brusa 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2613.1.2" author="Amato, JFR" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="15 - 28" refId="B3" refString="Amato, JFR, Amato, SB, Seixas, SA, Fonseca, M, Ilario, RJ, 2010. Temnocephala pignalberiae Dioni, 1967 (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) from two allopatric populations of Dilocarcinus pagei Stimpson, 1861 (Crustacea, Decapoda) - first record for Brazil. Zootaxa 28: 15 - 28, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2613.1.2" title="Temnocephala pignalberiae Dioni, 1967 (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) from two allopatric populations of Dilocarcinus pagei Stimpson, 1861 (Crustacea, Decapoda) - first record for Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2613.1.2" volume="28" year="2010">Amato et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.27.965" author="Volonterio, O" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="965 - 970" refId="B31" refString="Volonterio, O, 2010. Two new species of Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) from the south american snake-necked turtle Hydromedusa tectifera (Testudines, Chelidae). Zoological Science 27: 965 - 970, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.27.965" title="Two new species of Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) from the south american snake-necked turtle Hydromedusa tectifera (Testudines, Chelidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.27.965" volume="27" year="2010">Volonterio 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Seixas, SA" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Helminthology" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="201 - 212" publicationUrl="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3889454" refId="B25" refString="Seixas, SA, Amato, JFR, Amato, SB, 2011. A new species of Temnocephala Blanchard (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) ectosymbiont on Dilocarcinus septemdentatus (Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) from the Brazilian Amazonia. Neotropical Helminthology 5: 201 - 212, https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3889454" title="A new species of Temnocephala Blanchard (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) ectosymbiont on Dilocarcinus septemdentatus (Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) from the Brazilian Amazonia." url="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3889454" volume="5" year="2011">Seixas et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2015,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2017-0475" author="Seixas, SA" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B28" refString="Seixas, SA, Dametto, N, Perico, E, 2018. New species of Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) ectosymbiont on vulnerable species of aeglids (Crustacea, Anomura) from the Neotropical Region. Biota Neotropica 18: 1 - 11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2017-0475" title="New species of Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) ectosymbiont on vulnerable species of aeglids (Crustacea, Anomura) from the Neotropical Region." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2017-0475" volume="18" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Nine species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1849" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Temnocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known for their association with crabs of the
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Trichodactylidae" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="family">Trichodactylidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
family. Of these,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. ivandarioi" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="ivandarioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. ivandarioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. longivaginata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="longivaginata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. longivaginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Seixas, Amato & Amato, 2011, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. lutzi" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="lutzi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. lutzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Monticelli, 1913 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752005000400038" author="Amato, JFR" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Zoologia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1085 - 1094" refId="B1" refString="Amato, JFR, Amato, SB, Seixas, SA, 2005. Temnocephala lutzi Monticelli (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) ectosymbiont on two species of Trichodactylus Latreille (Crustacea, Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) from southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 22: 1085 - 1094, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752005000400038" title="Temnocephala lutzi Monticelli (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) ectosymbiont on two species of Trichodactylus Latreille (Crustacea, Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) from southern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752005000400038" volume="22" year="2005">Amato et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) present a similar-sized cirri and have the Amazon River basin as a biogeographical connection.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seixas, Amato & Amato" authorityYear="2011" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala longivaginata" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="longivaginata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Temnocephala longivaginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. ivandarioi" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="ivandarioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. ivandarioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. are most similar to each other in the length of the vagina and the presence of sclerites in the distal portion of the cirrus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lenis & Ruiz & Muskus & Marcilla & Vélez" authorityYear="2020" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala ivandarioi" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ivandarioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Temnocephala ivandarioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can be distinguished by the combination of the following features: cirrus with a circle of small sclerites (range 18-20) in the distal portion of the introvert, without spines or ridges in the inner wall of the introvert (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. A adult specimen diagram, showing adhesive disk (ad), anterior testes (at), cyanophilous glands (cg), disk glands (dg), excretory vesicle (ev), Haswell's glands (hg), intestinal sac (i), mouth (m), pharynx (ph), posterior testes (pt), rhabditogenic glands (rg), tentacles (t), and vitellarium (v) B reproductive system, showing female reproductive complex: anterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (advs), anterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (apvs), genital atrium (ga), genital pore (gp), posterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (pdvs), posterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (ppvs), ovary (ov), vagina (va), and resorbens vesicle (vr); and male reproductive organs: cirrus (c), prostatic bulb (pb), prostatic vesicle (pv), seminal vesicle (sv), and vasa deferentia (vd) C line drawing of cirrus in different focusing planes, showing the sclerites portion of the introvert (sp), and proximal limit of the introvert (arrows). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 100 µm (B); 20 μm (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388537" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ovary lies ventral to vesicle resorbens followed by an elongated vagina with two vaginal sphincters similar in size, one symmetric and proximal, and one symmetric and distal; the vagina connects to the genital atrium dorsally. The seminal vesicle is located anterolateral to the prostatic bulb. The DLSPs are small and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘elliptical-shape’">'elliptical-shape'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, with a partially sinuous contour.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
On an ecological-level
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. ivandarioi" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="ivandarioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. ivandarioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. longivaginata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="longivaginata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. longivaginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. lutzi" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="lutzi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. lutzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabit the branchial chambers of trichodactylid crabs from the middle basin and lower basin of the Amazon River (Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia; Peixe-Boi,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||
State; Rio
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amapá">Amapa</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amapá">Amapa</normalizedToken>
|
||
State, northern Brazil, respectively).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lenis & Ruiz & Muskus & Marcilla & Vélez" authorityYear="2020" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala ivandarioi" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ivandarioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Temnocephala ivandarioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is the third species described from Colombia, and therefore
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. serrata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="serrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">V. serrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is registered as a new trichodactylid host for neotropical temnocephalans.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="White" authorityYear="1847" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichodactylidae" genus="Valdivia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Valdivia serrata" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Valdivia serrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely distributed throughout the Orinoco and Amazon River basins in Venezuela, the islands of Trinidad and Tobago, the Guianas, Colombia, Brazil, Peru and Bolivia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T135054A4064018.en" author="Cumberlidge, N" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="B10" refString="Cumberlidge, N, 2008. Valdiviaserrata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 8235: e.T135054A4064018. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T135054A4064018.en" title="Valdiviaserrata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 8235: e. T 135054 A 4064018." url="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T135054A4064018.en" year="2008">Cumberlidge 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In Colombia this species is found in the eastern region of the country (Amazonas, Arauca, Caqueta, Meta, Putumayo, and Vichada Departments) in the Putumayo and Maqueta rivers that drain into the Amazon River, and the Guaviare, Meta, and Arauca rivers that drain into the Orinoco River (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Campos, MR" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="B7" refString="Campos, MR, 2005. Freshwater crabs from Colombia. A taxonomic and distributional study. Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales. Col. Jorge Alvarez Lleras, 363 pp." title="Freshwater crabs from Colombia. A taxonomic and distributional study. Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales. Col. Jorge Alvarez Lleras, 363 pp." year="2005">Campos 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Campos, MR" journalOrPublisher=") Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales., Bogota" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="B8" refString="Campos, MR, 2014. Crustaceos decapodos de agua dulce de Colombia. Biblioteca Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Ed.) Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales., Bogota" title="Crustaceos decapodos de agua dulce de Colombia. Biblioteca Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Ed." year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is likely that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. ivandarioi" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="ivandarioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. ivandarioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. longivaginata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="longivaginata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. longivaginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. lutzi" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="lutzi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. lutzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are closely related due to their morphological similarities and geographical proximity. The implementation of molecular studies will reveal the phylogenetic relationships between the different species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1849" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Temnocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Neotropics.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
In Colombia more than 132 species of decapod crustaceans have been recorded (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Campos, MR" journalOrPublisher=") Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales., Bogota" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="B8" refString="Campos, MR, 2014. Crustaceos decapodos de agua dulce de Colombia. Biblioteca Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Ed.) Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales., Bogota" title="Crustaceos decapodos de agua dulce de Colombia. Biblioteca Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Ed." year="2014">Campos 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while only two associated species of temnocephalans have been reported to date:
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. icononcensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="icononcensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. icononcensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Arias-Pineda, JY" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Helminthology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="253 - 263" publicationUrl="http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BVRevistas/neohel/v9n2/pdf/a05v9n2.pdf" refId="B4" refString="Arias-Pineda, JY, Damborenea, C, Castro, AJJ, 2015. A new species of Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) in mountain crabs from Tolima, Colombia. Neotropical Helminthology 9: 253 - 263, http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BVRevistas/neohel/v9n2/pdf/a05v9n2.pdf" title="A new species of Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) in mountain crabs from Tolima, Colombia." url="http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BVRevistas/neohel/v9n2/pdf/a05v9n2.pdf" volume="9" year="2015">Arias-Pineda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. ivandarioi" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="ivandarioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. ivandarioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. The great diversity of these potential hosts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Campos, MR" journalOrPublisher=") Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales., Bogota" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="B8" refString="Campos, MR, 2014. Crustaceos decapodos de agua dulce de Colombia. Biblioteca Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Ed.) Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales., Bogota" title="Crustaceos decapodos de agua dulce de Colombia. Biblioteca Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Ed." year="2014">Campos 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) suggests that most temnocephalans remain undescribed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">Comparative</pageBreakToken>
|
||
notes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The cirrus is the only rigid structure and therefore of constant general morphology in juveniles and adults (except for small intraspecific variations) for each species. The morphology of the cirrus constitutes one of the few characters used and is the most valuable taxonomic character for species identification
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Seixas, SA" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Biociencias" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="237 - 244" publicationUrl="http://www.ufrgs.br/seerbio/ojs/index.php/rbb/article/view/3383" refId="B27" refString="Seixas, SA, Amato, JFR, Amato, SB, 2015b. The epidermal "excretory" syncytial plates in species of Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida): Proposal of a new methodology. Revista Brasileira de Biociencias 13: 237 - 244, http://www.ufrgs.br/seerbio/ojs/index.php/rbb/article/view/3383" title="The epidermal " excretory " syncytial plates in species of Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida): Proposal of a new methodology." url="http://www.ufrgs.br/seerbio/ojs/index.php/rbb/article/view/3383" volume="13" year="2015 b">Seixas et al. 2015b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the present study, terminology describing the temnocephalan cirrus is updated for neotropical species (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Diagrams showing the terminology used to describe the cirrus of the species of Temnocephala (terminology updated from Sewell et al. (2007), Seixas et al. (2011), Garces et al. (2013), and Ponce de Leon et al. (2015); diagrams modified from Sewell et al. 2007: 205, fig. 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388540" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5</figureCitation>
|
||
), according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sewell, K" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="199 - 280" publicationUrl="https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" refId="B29" refString="Sewell, K, Cannon, L, Blair, D, 2007. A review of Temnohaswellia and Temnosewellia (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida: Temnocephalidae) ectosymbionts from Australian crayfish Euastacus (Parastacidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 52: 199 - 280, https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" title="A review of Temnohaswellia and Temnosewellia (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida: Temnocephalidae) ectosymbionts from Australian crayfish Euastacus (Parastacidae)." url="https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" volume="52" year="2007">Sewell et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Seixas, SA" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Helminthology" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="201 - 212" publicationUrl="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3889454" refId="B25" refString="Seixas, SA, Amato, JFR, Amato, SB, 2011. A new species of Temnocephala Blanchard (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) ectosymbiont on Dilocarcinus septemdentatus (Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) from the Brazilian Amazonia. Neotropical Helminthology 5: 201 - 212, https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3889454" title="A new species of Temnocephala Blanchard (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) ectosymbiont on Dilocarcinus septemdentatus (Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) from the Brazilian Amazonia." url="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3889454" volume="5" year="2011">Seixas et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.7550/rmb.30259" author="Garces, AC" journalOrPublisher="Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1090 - 1099" refId="B16" refString="Garces, AC, Puerta, L, Tabares, Y, Lenis, C, Velasquez, LE, 2013. Temnocephala colombiensis n. sp. (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalidae) from Antioquia, Colombia. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84: 1090 - 1099, DOI: https://doi.org/10.7550/rmb.30259" title="Temnocephala colombiensis n. sp. (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalidae) from Antioquia, Colombia." url="https://doi.org/10.7550/rmb.30259" volume="84" year="2013">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Garcés">Garces</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Ponce de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2015). The cirrus of the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1849" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from trichodactylid crabs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Diagrams of the cirrus of the species of Temnocephala associated with trichodactylid crabs. Terminology based on the cirrus structure (see comparative notes and Fig. 5). A Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. (present study) B Temnocephala lanei Pereira & Cuocolo, 1941 C Temnocephala longivaginata Seixas, Amato & Amato, 2011 D Temnocephala lutzi Monticelli, 1913 (Amato et al. 2005) E Temnocephala microdactyla Monticelli, 1903 F Temnocephala pignalberiae Dioni, 1967 (Amato et al. 2010) G Temnocephala santafesina Dioni, 1967 H Temnocephala trapeziformis Amato, Amato & Seixas, 2006 I Temnocephala travassosfilhoi Pereira & Cuocolo, 1941. Key: Shaft [shape: CO - cone; FU - funnel]; [curvature: CU - curved up; ST - straight; CD - curved down]. Introvert [shape: CY - cylindrical; CO - cone; SC - scoop]; [armed with: UN - unarmed; SP - spines; SL - sclerites; RI - ridges; ND - not described]; [angle: NO - not oblique; VO - very oblique]; [curvature: NC - not curved; FC - forward curved; BC - backward curved]." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388541" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6</figureCitation>
|
||
) are compared based on this terminology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
The cirrus is defined as the entire sclerotised male copulatory organ comprised of a
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘shaft’">'shaft'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(rigid, tubular region tapering distally; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Diagrams showing the terminology used to describe the cirrus of the species of Temnocephala (terminology updated from Sewell et al. (2007), Seixas et al. (2011), Garces et al. (2013), and Ponce de Leon et al. (2015); diagrams modified from Sewell et al. 2007: 205, fig. 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388540" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and an
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘introvert’">'introvert'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(flexible distal eversible region armed with grooves, spines, sclerites or ridges, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Diagrams showing the terminology used to describe the cirrus of the species of Temnocephala (terminology updated from Sewell et al. (2007), Seixas et al. (2011), Garces et al. (2013), and Ponce de Leon et al. (2015); diagrams modified from Sewell et al. 2007: 205, fig. 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388540" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
) (modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sewell, K" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="199 - 280" publicationUrl="https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" refId="B29" refString="Sewell, K, Cannon, L, Blair, D, 2007. A review of Temnohaswellia and Temnosewellia (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida: Temnocephalidae) ectosymbionts from Australian crayfish Euastacus (Parastacidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 52: 199 - 280, https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" title="A review of Temnohaswellia and Temnosewellia (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida: Temnocephalidae) ectosymbionts from Australian crayfish Euastacus (Parastacidae)." url="https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" volume="52" year="2007">Sewell et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, the degree of shaft curvature is a reliable taxonomic characteristic of neotropical temnocephalans (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.7550/rmb.30259" author="Garces, AC" journalOrPublisher="Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1090 - 1099" refId="B16" refString="Garces, AC, Puerta, L, Tabares, Y, Lenis, C, Velasquez, LE, 2013. Temnocephala colombiensis n. sp. (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalidae) from Antioquia, Colombia. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84: 1090 - 1099, DOI: https://doi.org/10.7550/rmb.30259" title="Temnocephala colombiensis n. sp. (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalidae) from Antioquia, Colombia." url="https://doi.org/10.7550/rmb.30259" volume="84" year="2013">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Garcés">Garces</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
The shape of the shaft may be described as a
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘funnel’">'funnel'</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘goblet’">'goblet'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, or
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘cone’">'cone'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Funnel- or goblet-shaped shafts have a wide proximal region which tapers rapidly into a narrow tubular distal region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sewell, K" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="199 - 280" publicationUrl="https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" refId="B29" refString="Sewell, K, Cannon, L, Blair, D, 2007. A review of Temnohaswellia and Temnosewellia (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida: Temnocephalidae) ectosymbionts from Australian crayfish Euastacus (Parastacidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 52: 199 - 280, https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" title="A review of Temnohaswellia and Temnosewellia (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida: Temnocephalidae) ectosymbionts from Australian crayfish Euastacus (Parastacidae)." url="https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" volume="52" year="2007">Sewell et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The cirrus may be more or less curved, and it may be described as 'curved
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="up’">up'</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘straight’">'straight'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, or 'curved
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="down’">down'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Similarly, the position of the cirrus with respect to the body may be described as 'towards the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forebody’">forebody'</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘horizontal’">'horizontal'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, or 'towards the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="hindbody’">hindbody'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.7550/rmb.30259" author="Garces, AC" journalOrPublisher="Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1090 - 1099" refId="B16" refString="Garces, AC, Puerta, L, Tabares, Y, Lenis, C, Velasquez, LE, 2013. Temnocephala colombiensis n. sp. (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalidae) from Antioquia, Colombia. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84: 1090 - 1099, DOI: https://doi.org/10.7550/rmb.30259" title="Temnocephala colombiensis n. sp. (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalidae) from Antioquia, Colombia." url="https://doi.org/10.7550/rmb.30259" volume="84" year="2013">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Garcés">Garces</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The position of the cirrus can or may not depend on the cirrus curvature i.e. cirrus 'curved
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="up’">up'</normalizedToken>
|
||
directed 'towards the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forebody’">forebody'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, but cirrus
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘straight’">'straight'</normalizedToken>
|
||
are directed towards the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘forebody’">'forebody'</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘horizontal’">'horizontal'</normalizedToken>
|
||
or 'towards the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="hindbody’">hindbody'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. The cirrus position can be examined only from a complete diagram of the temnocephalan.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
The introvert shape can be described as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘cylindrical’">'cylindrical'</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘cone’">'cone'</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘scoop’">'scoop'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, or
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘goblet’">'goblet'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Scoop- or goblet-shaped introvert have a wide middle region, which tapers into a narrow distal region. In addition, the introvert may be
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘unarmed’">'unarmed'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, armed with
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘grooves’">'grooves'</normalizedToken>
|
||
in the proximal limit of the introvert, or armed with
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘spines’">'spines'</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘sclerites’">'sclerites'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘ridges’">'ridges'</normalizedToken>
|
||
in the inner wall of the introvert. The distal opening of the introvert may be at right angles with respect to the proximal limit of the introvert i.e. 'not
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="oblique’">oblique'</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘oblique’">'oblique'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, or 'very
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="oblique’">oblique'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sewell, K" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="199 - 280" publicationUrl="https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" refId="B29" refString="Sewell, K, Cannon, L, Blair, D, 2007. A review of Temnohaswellia and Temnosewellia (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida: Temnocephalidae) ectosymbionts from Australian crayfish Euastacus (Parastacidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 52: 199 - 280, https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" title="A review of Temnohaswellia and Temnosewellia (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida: Temnocephalidae) ectosymbionts from Australian crayfish Euastacus (Parastacidae)." url="https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" volume="52" year="2007">Sewell et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, the distal region of the introvert may be curved (with or without spines, sclerites, or ridges), and described as 'forward
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="curved’">curved'</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘straight’">'straight'</normalizedToken>
|
||
or 'backward
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="curved’">curved'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(described as with non-spined region or without non-spined region by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sewell, K" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="199 - 280" publicationUrl="https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" refId="B29" refString="Sewell, K, Cannon, L, Blair, D, 2007. A review of Temnohaswellia and Temnosewellia (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida: Temnocephalidae) ectosymbionts from Australian crayfish Euastacus (Parastacidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 52: 199 - 280, https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" title="A review of Temnohaswellia and Temnosewellia (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida: Temnocephalidae) ectosymbionts from Australian crayfish Euastacus (Parastacidae)." url="https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" volume="52" year="2007">Sewell et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">The morphology of the cirrus is necessary for species identification and should be clearly described based on the terminology proposed in the present study. This new terminology can be applied to species of neotropical temnocephalans described to date.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388536" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lenis & Ruiz & Muskus & Marcilla & Vélez" authorityYear="2020" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala ivandarioi" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ivandarioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnocephala ivandarioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="White" authorityYear="1847" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichodactylidae" genus="Valdivia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Valdivia serrata" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Valdivia serrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
|
||
paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lenis & Ruiz & Muskus & Marcilla & Vélez" authorityYear="2020" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala ivandarioi" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ivandarioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnocephala ivandarioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. showing an egg, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
|
||
adult paratype stained in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Meyer´s">Meyer's</normalizedToken>
|
||
paracarmine
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
|
||
holotype stained in Borax carmine
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D</emphasis>
|
||
male specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. serrata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="serrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">V. serrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E</emphasis>
|
||
abdomen
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">F</emphasis>
|
||
gonopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A-C</emphasis>
|
||
); 10 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D-F</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388537" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lenis & Ruiz & Muskus & Marcilla & Vélez" authorityYear="2020" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala ivandarioi" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ivandarioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnocephala ivandarioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
|
||
adult specimen diagram, showing adhesive disk (ad), anterior testes (at), cyanophilous glands (cg), disk glands (dg), excretory vesicle (ev),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Haswell´s">Haswell's</normalizedToken>
|
||
glands (hg), intestinal sac (i), mouth (m), pharynx (ph), posterior testes (pt), rhabditogenic glands (rg), tentacles (t), and vitellarium (v)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
|
||
reproductive system, showing female reproductive complex: anterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (advs), anterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (apvs), genital atrium (ga), genital pore (gp), posterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (pdvs), posterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (ppvs), ovary (ov), vagina (va), and resorbens vesicle (vr); and male reproductive organs: cirrus (c), prostatic bulb (pb), prostatic vesicle (pv), seminal vesicle (sv), and vasa deferentia (vd)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
|
||
line drawing of cirrus in different focusing planes, showing the sclerites portion of the introvert (sp), and proximal limit of the introvert (arrows). Scale bars: 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
|
||
); 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
|
||
); 20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388538" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lenis & Ruiz & Muskus & Marcilla & Vélez" authorityYear="2020" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala ivandarioi" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ivandarioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnocephala ivandarioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. details of epidermal excretory syncytial plates (DLSPs) and eggs
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
|
||
antero-lateral area observed with SEM showing leftmost tentacle and left DLSP, arrow showing contour and position of excretory pores (n)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
|
||
line drawing of entire specimen showing the DLSPs
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
|
||
egg observed with SEM showing the filament (fi), peduncle (pe), and plane of fracture of the operculum (pf)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D</emphasis>
|
||
line drawing of a whole egg showing the oblique fracture plane to the longitudinal axis of the egg
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E</emphasis>
|
||
live adult specimen showing red eyespot pigment
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">F</emphasis>
|
||
unhatched egg showing the filament (fi)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G, H</emphasis>
|
||
live eggs deposited on branchial chambers of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. serrata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="serrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">V. serrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale bars: 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A-F</emphasis>
|
||
); 1mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G, H</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388539" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Details of the reproductive system of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lenis & Ruiz & Muskus & Marcilla & Vélez" authorityYear="2020" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala ivandarioi" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ivandarioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnocephala ivandarioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
partial female reproductive system, showing: anterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (advs), anterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (apvs), distal vaginal sphincter (dvs), genital atrium (ga), posterior portion of the distal vaginal sphincter (pdvs), posterior portion of the proximal vaginal sphincter (ppvs), proximal vaginal sphincter (pvs), ovary (ov), vagina (va), and vesicula resorbens (vr)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
partial male reproductive system, showing: cirrus (c), prostatic bulb (pb), seminal vesicle duct (svd), seminal vesicle (sv), and vasa deferentia (vd)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
cirrus introvert observed in different focusing planes, view of the circle of sclerites (sp) in the distal portion of the introvert and the smooth portion (smp) in the proximal limit of the introvert (pli). Scale bars: 50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A-D</emphasis>
|
||
); 20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E, F)</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388540" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Diagrams showing the terminology used to describe the cirrus of the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1849" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(terminology updated from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sewell, K" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="199 - 280" publicationUrl="https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" refId="B29" refString="Sewell, K, Cannon, L, Blair, D, 2007. A review of Temnohaswellia and Temnosewellia (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida: Temnocephalidae) ectosymbionts from Australian crayfish Euastacus (Parastacidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 52: 199 - 280, https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" title="A review of Temnohaswellia and Temnosewellia (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida: Temnocephalidae) ectosymbionts from Australian crayfish Euastacus (Parastacidae)." url="https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" volume="52" year="2007">Sewell et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Seixas, SA" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Helminthology" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="201 - 212" publicationUrl="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3889454" refId="B25" refString="Seixas, SA, Amato, JFR, Amato, SB, 2011. A new species of Temnocephala Blanchard (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) ectosymbiont on Dilocarcinus septemdentatus (Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) from the Brazilian Amazonia. Neotropical Helminthology 5: 201 - 212, https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3889454" title="A new species of Temnocephala Blanchard (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) ectosymbiont on Dilocarcinus septemdentatus (Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) from the Brazilian Amazonia." url="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3889454" volume="5" year="2011">Seixas et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.7550/rmb.30259" author="Garces, AC" journalOrPublisher="Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1090 - 1099" refId="B16" refString="Garces, AC, Puerta, L, Tabares, Y, Lenis, C, Velasquez, LE, 2013. Temnocephala colombiensis n. sp. (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalidae) from Antioquia, Colombia. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84: 1090 - 1099, DOI: https://doi.org/10.7550/rmb.30259" title="Temnocephala colombiensis n. sp. (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalidae) from Antioquia, Colombia." url="https://doi.org/10.7550/rmb.30259" volume="84" year="2013">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Garcés">Garces</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and Ponce de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2015); diagrams modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sewell, K" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="199 - 280" publicationUrl="https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" refId="B29" refString="Sewell, K, Cannon, L, Blair, D, 2007. A review of Temnohaswellia and Temnosewellia (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida: Temnocephalidae) ectosymbionts from Australian crayfish Euastacus (Parastacidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 52: 199 - 280, https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" title="A review of Temnohaswellia and Temnosewellia (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida: Temnocephalidae) ectosymbionts from Australian crayfish Euastacus (Parastacidae)." url="https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4123/" volume="52" year="2007">Sewell et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 205, fig. 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388541" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Diagrams of the cirrus of the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1849" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
associated with trichodactylid crabs. Terminology based on the cirrus structure (see comparative notes and Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Diagrams showing the terminology used to describe the cirrus of the species of Temnocephala (terminology updated from Sewell et al. (2007), Seixas et al. (2011), Garces et al. (2013), and Ponce de Leon et al. (2015); diagrams modified from Sewell et al. 2007: 205, fig. 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.918.38201.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388540" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lenis & Ruiz & Muskus & Marcilla & Vélez" authorityYear="2020" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala ivandarioi" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ivandarioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnocephala ivandarioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (present study)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pereira & Cuoccolo" authorityYear="1941" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala lanei" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lanei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnocephala lanei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pereira & Cuocolo, 1941
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seixas, Amato & Amato" authorityYear="2011" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala longivaginata" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="longivaginata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnocephala longivaginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Seixas, Amato & Amato, 2011
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Monticelli" authorityYear="1913" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala lutzi" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lutzi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnocephala lutzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Monticelli, 1913 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752005000400038" author="Amato, JFR" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Zoologia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1085 - 1094" refId="B1" refString="Amato, JFR, Amato, SB, Seixas, SA, 2005. Temnocephala lutzi Monticelli (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) ectosymbiont on two species of Trichodactylus Latreille (Crustacea, Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) from southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 22: 1085 - 1094, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752005000400038" title="Temnocephala lutzi Monticelli (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) ectosymbiont on two species of Trichodactylus Latreille (Crustacea, Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) from southern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752005000400038" volume="22" year="2005">Amato et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Monticelli" authorityYear="1903" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala microdactyla" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="microdactyla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnocephala microdactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Monticelli, 1903
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dioni" authorityYear="1967" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala pignalberiae" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pignalberiae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnocephala pignalberiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dioni, 1967 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2613.1.2" author="Amato, JFR" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="15 - 28" refId="B3" refString="Amato, JFR, Amato, SB, Seixas, SA, Fonseca, M, Ilario, RJ, 2010. Temnocephala pignalberiae Dioni, 1967 (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) from two allopatric populations of Dilocarcinus pagei Stimpson, 1861 (Crustacea, Decapoda) - first record for Brazil. Zootaxa 28: 15 - 28, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2613.1.2" title="Temnocephala pignalberiae Dioni, 1967 (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) from two allopatric populations of Dilocarcinus pagei Stimpson, 1861 (Crustacea, Decapoda) - first record for Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2613.1.2" volume="28" year="2010">Amato et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dioni" authorityYear="1967" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala santafesina" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="santafesina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnocephala santafesina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dioni, 1967
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala trapeziformis" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="trapeziformis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnocephala trapeziformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Amato, Amato & Seixas, 2006
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">I</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnocephala travassosfilhoi" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="travassosfilhoi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnocephala travassosfilhoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pereira & Cuocolo, 1941. Key:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Shaft</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">shape: CO</emphasis>
|
||
-cone;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FU</emphasis>
|
||
-funnel]; [
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">curvature: CU</emphasis>
|
||
-curved up;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ST</emphasis>
|
||
-straight;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">CD</emphasis>
|
||
-curved down].
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Introvert</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">shape: CY</emphasis>
|
||
-cylindrical;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">CO</emphasis>
|
||
-cone;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">SC</emphasis>
|
||
-scoop]; [
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">armed with: UN</emphasis>
|
||
-unarmed;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">SP</emphasis>
|
||
-spines;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">SL</emphasis>
|
||
-sclerites;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">RI</emphasis>
|
||
-ridges;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ND</emphasis>
|
||
-not described]; [
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">angle: NO</emphasis>
|
||
-not oblique;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">VO</emphasis>
|
||
-very oblique]; [
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">curvature: NC</emphasis>
|
||
-not curved;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FC</emphasis>
|
||
-forward curved;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">BC</emphasis>
|
||
-backward curved].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |