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<document id="F6AAAD0FAAE433A7D6FB7016E4653AC3" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5541.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14240734" ID-ZooBank="A5D2633B-36A8-42A4-AD21-22041804BE95" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1732832365526" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kasparek, Max" docDate="2024" docId="0F0587BBFFE89E2B45F1FF30EB79F8F0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5541.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5541 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5541.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudoanthidium bytinskii" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="F33CFFC3FFEC9E2F4566FFA7EF53FF8C" masterDocTitle="New species, new synonyms, and resurrected taxa: A review of West and Central Palaearctic members of the genus Pseudoanthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1733329203150" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="6170E9B5AD7FE14E557635E8F0D350E5">New species, new synonyms, and resurrected taxa: A review of West and Central Palaearctic members of the genus Pseudoanthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="0F0587BBFFE89E2B45F1FF30EB79F8F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0587BBFFE89E2B45F1FF30EB79F8F0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F0587BBFFE89E2B45F1FF30EB79F8F0" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="CFB66526FFE89E2B45F1FF30EC41FF3D" box="[151,786,151,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="871336ADFFE89E2B45F1FF30EC41FF3D" blockId="4.[151,786,151,214]" box="[151,786,151,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="DC5B81C1FFE89E2B45F1FF30EC41FF3D" bold="true" box="[151,786,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="40AC4D2EFFE89E2B45F1FF30EC41FF3D" ID-CoL="4NP45" authority="(Mavromoustakis, 1948)" baseAuthorityName="Mavromoustakis" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[151,786,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bytinskii">
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B45F1FF30EC41FF3D" bold="true" box="[151,786,151,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B45F1FF30EE88FF3E" bold="true" box="[151,475,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pseudoanthidium bytinskii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E33D4B5CFFE89E2B448CFF30EC59FF3D" author="Mavromoustakis, G. A." box="[490,778,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="428 - 434" refId="ref30580" refString="Mavromoustakis, G. A. (1948) On some anthidiine bees (Apoidea) from Palestine. Part III. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11, 14, 428 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934708654652" type="journal article" year="1948">Mavromoustakis, 1948</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="CFB66526FFE89E2B45F1FF1CEE10FF5A" box="[151,323,187,214]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="871336ADFFE89E2B45F1FF1CEE10FF5A" blockId="4.[151,786,151,214]" box="[151,323,187,214]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
(
<figureCitation id="1F972A28FFE89E2B45F9FF1CEFBBFF59" box="[159,232,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[151,1435,181,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pseudoanthidium bytinskii (Mavromoustakis, 1948), form Israel. a. Habitus dorsal, female; b. Habitus dorsal, male; c. Head of the female, with bulging mandibles; d. Mandible of the male with depressed basal part; e. Sterna of the male with specialized undulated and apically hooked hairs on S3 and combs on S5." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240738/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1F972A28FFE89E2B4592FF1CEE6FFF5A" box="[244,316,187,214]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 20" captionStart-1="FIGURE 21" captionStart-2="FIGURE 22" captionStart-3="FIGURE 23" captionStart-4="FIGURE 24" captionStart-5="FIGURE 25" captionStartId-0="35.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="37.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-2="38.[151,250,1491,1515]" captionStartId-3="39.[151,250,1918,1942]" captionStartId-4="40.[151,250,1170,1194]" captionStartId-5="40.[151,250,2009,2033]" captionTargetBox-0="[180,1408,181,1912]" captionTargetBox-1="[179,1408,181,1908]" captionTargetBox-2="[409,1188,1275,1417]" captionTargetBox-3="[173,1415,561,1882]" captionTargetBox-4="[307,1281,311,1152]" captionTargetBox-5="[176,1412,1240,1996]" captionTargetId-0="figure-15@35.[180,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@37.[179,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetId-3="figure-169@39.[173,1415,561,1895]" captionTargetId-4="graphics-80@40.[648,939,711,796]" captionTargetId-5="figure-103@40.[176,1412,1240,2001]" captionTargetPageId-0="35" captionTargetPageId-1="37" captionTargetPageId-2="38" captionTargetPageId-3="39" captionTargetPageId-4="40" captionTargetPageId-5="40" captionText-0="FIGURE 20. Face of the female of Palaearctic species of Pseudoanthidium (continued on the following page)." captionText-1="FIGURE 21. Faces of the male of Palaearctic species of the genus Pseudoanthidium." captionText-2="FIGURE 22. Apical terga of females of Palaearctic Pseudoanthidium species." captionText-3="FIGURE 23. Apical terga of males of Palaearctic Pseudoanthidium species." captionText-4="FIGURE 24. Apical terga of males of Palaearctic Pseudoanthidium species." captionText-5="FIGURE 25. Male genitalia of selected Palaearctic species of Pseudoanthidium." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240775" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240779" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240781" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240783" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14275912" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240785" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14240775/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14240779/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14240781/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/14240783/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/14275912/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/14240785/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2025</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFB66526FFE89E2B45F1FEA7EC3AFEBA" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="871336ADFFE89E2B45F1FEA7EC47FE94" blockId="4.[151,873,256,310]" box="[151,788,256,280]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="40AC4D2EFFE89E2B45F1FEA7ED0FFE94" ID-CoL="8SRRC" authority="(Mavromoustakis, 1948)" baseAuthorityName="Mavromoustakis" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[151,604,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bytinskii">
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B45F1FEA7EE0EFE94" box="[151,349,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Anthidium bytinskii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E33D4B5CFFE89E2B440CFEA7ED05FE94" author="Mavromoustakis, G. A." box="[362,598,256,280]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="428 - 434" refId="ref30580" refString="Mavromoustakis, G. A. (1948) On some anthidiine bees (Apoidea) from Palestine. Part III. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11, 14, 428 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934708654652" type="journal article" year="1948">Mavromoustakis, 1948</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.—Female,
<collectingCountry id="FFBB763DFFE89E2B47B3FEA7EC42FE94" box="[725,785,256,280]" name="Israel" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Israel</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871336ADFFE89E2B45F1FEB9EC3AFEBA" blockId="4.[151,873,256,310]" box="[151,873,286,310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="40AC4D2EFFE89E2B45F1FEB9EC3AFEBA" ID-CoL="4NP45" authority="(Mavromoustakis 1948)" baseAuthorityName="Mavromoustakis" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[151,873,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bytinskii" subGenus="Paraanthidiellum">
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B45F1FEB9ED3CFEBA" box="[151,623,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pseudoanthidium (Paraanthidiellum) bytinskii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E33D4B5CFFE89E2B471AFEB9EC31FEBA" author="Mavromoustakis, G. A." box="[636,866,286,310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="428 - 434" refId="ref30580" refString="Mavromoustakis, G. A. (1948) On some anthidiine bees (Apoidea) from Palestine. Part III. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11, 14, 428 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934708654652" type="journal article" year="1948">Mavromoustakis 1948</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B45F1FEC0EE21FE0D" box="[151,370,359,385]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="37C43CF0FFE89E2B441EFEC0EA04FE0D" box="[376,1367,359,386]" collectingDate="1988-04-07" collectionCode="CMK" collectorName="K. Guichard" country="Israel" latitude="31.45" location="Ein Gedi" longLatPrecision="729" longitude="35.38" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCountry id="FFBB763DFFE89E2B441EFEC0EE8DFE0D" box="[376,478,359,385]" name="Israel" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ISRAEL</collectingCountry>
:
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,
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,
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,
<date id="F312106DFFE89E2B4633FEC0EC9EFE0D" box="[853,973,359,385]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1988-04-07">
<collectingDate id="E356E985FFE89E2B4633FEC0EC9EFE0D" box="[853,973,359,385]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1988-04-07">07.iv.1988</collectingDate>
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,
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leg. (
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: ms2707)
</materialsCitation>
.—
<materialsCitation id="37C43CF0FFE89E2B401DFEC0EE31FE40" collectingDate="2018-04-20" collectionCode="OLL" collectorName="M. Halada" country="Israel" latitude="30.13" location="Menuha Junction" longLatPrecision="734" longitude="35.13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="91AAFD24FFE89E2B401DFEC0EACBFE0D" box="[1403,1432,359,385]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
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N Eilat
</locationDeviation>
,
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, R90,
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,
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<collectingDate id="E356E985FFE89E2B4642FE2BECCEFE2A" box="[804,925,396,422]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2018-04-20">20.iv.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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leg.; COI sequence: ABABX468- 22 (
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.—
<materialsCitation id="37C43CF0FFE89E2B44EEFE15EE32FE7D" collectingDate="2019-05-04" collectionCode="OLL" collectorName="M. Halada" country="Israel" latitude="30.16" location="Yahel" longLatPrecision="734" longitude="35.15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="91AAFD24FFE89E2B44EEFE15EEF2FE40" box="[392,417,434,460]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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<quantity id="40549B48FFE89E2B44CAFE15EEA1FE40" box="[428,498,434,460]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
N
<location id="82736076FFE89E2B4774FE15ED06FE40" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0587BBFFE89E2B45F1FF30EB79F8F0:82736076FFE89E2B4774FE15ED06FE40" box="[530,597,434,460]" country="Israel" latitude="30.16" longLatPrecision="734" longitude="35.15" name="Yahel" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Yahel</location>
,
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,
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<collectingDate id="E356E985FFE89E2B4648FE15ECCDFE40" box="[814,926,434,460]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2019-05-04">04.v.2019</collectingDate>
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,
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.—
<materialsCitation id="37C43CF0FFE89E2B44E5FE70EC67FD9A" collectingDate="2016-03-28" collectionCode="CMK" collectorName="J. Monks" country="Oman" elevation="270" latitude="23.3" location="Al Hajar Mts." longLatPrecision="754" longitude="57.1" municipality="Wadi Al-Arabein" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCountry id="FFBB763DFFE89E2B44E5FE70EE8CFE7D" box="[387,479,471,497]" name="Oman" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">OMAN</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="91AAFD24FFE89E2B448BFE70ED42FE7D" box="[493,529,471,497]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="82736076FFE89E2B4747FE70ED97FE7E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0587BBFFE89E2B45F1FF30EB79F8F0:82736076FFE89E2B4747FE70ED97FE7E" box="[545,708,471,498]" country="Oman" latitude="23.3" longLatPrecision="754" longitude="57.1" municipality="Wadi Al-Arabein" name="Al Hajar Mts." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Al Hajar Mts.</location>
nr.
<collectingMunicipality id="6777ACD7FFE89E2B4790FE70ECEFFE7D" box="[758,956,471,497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Wadi Al-Arabein</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E298506AFFE89E2B46ADFE70EB79FE7D" box="[971,1066,471,497]" degrees="23.30" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="555" value="23.3">23.30°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E298506AFFE89E2B4153FE70EBC0FE7E" box="[1077,1171,471,498]" degrees="57.10" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="555" value="57.1">57.10°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="40549B48FFE89E2B41C4FE70EBBCFE7E" box="[1186,1263,471,498]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="270.0">
<elevation id="0C81D19EFFE89E2B41C4FE70EBBCFE7E" box="[1186,1263,471,498]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="270.0">270 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="F312106DFFE89E2B4199FE70EA28FE7D" box="[1279,1403,471,497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2016-03-28">
<collectingDate id="E356E985FFE89E2B4199FE70EA28FE7D" box="[1279,1403,471,497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2016-03-28">28.iii.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A59537BFFE89E2B40ECFE7FEFB6FD9A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">J. Monks</collectorName>
leg.; COI sequence: ABABX291-21 (
<collectionCode id="E1BDAE68FFE89E2B47E9FE5AED87FD9B" box="[655,724,509,535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CMK</collectionCode>
: jm017)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871336ADFFE89E2B45A1FD85EE57FD0A" blockId="4.[151,1437,359,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B45A1FD85EE9AFDB0" box="[199,457,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Material not examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="37C43CF0FFE89E2B44BFFD85EE53FD0A" country="Palestine" location="According" municipality="Ein Gedi" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="allotype">
MoA (1989) reported
<specimenCount id="91AAFD24FFE89E2B47B2FD85EC2FFDB0" box="[724,892,546,572]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
in the Mavromoustakis collection, the type and the “
<typeStatus id="5817880FFFE89E2B45A9FDE0EE62FDED" box="[207,305,583,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
”.
<location id="82736076FFE89E2B4421FDE0EEEEFDED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0587BBFFE89E2B45F1FF30EB79F8F0:82736076FFE89E2B4421FDE0EEEEFDED" box="[327,445,583,609]" country="Palestine" municipality="Ein Gedi" name="According" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">According</location>
to
<bibRefCitation id="E33D4B5CFFE89E2B448FFDE0EDAFFDED" author="Mavromoustakis, G. A." box="[489,764,583,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="428 - 434" refId="ref30580" refString="Mavromoustakis, G. A. (1948) On some anthidiine bees (Apoidea) from Palestine. Part III. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11, 14, 428 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934708654652" type="journal article" year="1948">Mavromoustakis (1948)</bibRefCitation>
, the type location is
<collectingMunicipality id="6777ACD7FFE89E2B4690FDE0EB33FDED" box="[1014,1120,583,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ein Gedi</collectingMunicipality>
, located at the border with
<collectingCountry id="FFBB763DFFE89E2B45F1FDCBEE53FD0A" box="[151,256,620,646]" name="Palestine" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Palestine</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871336ADFFE89E2B45A1FD35ED64FC90" blockId="4.[151,1437,359,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B45A1FD35ED54FD20" box="[199,519,658,684]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Genetic barcode information</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="37C43CF0FFE89E2B4772FD35ED67FC90" collectionCode="ABABX" collectorName="The &amp; Species ID Tree" country="Oman" location="Oman" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="ABABX291-21, ABABX468-22" specimenCount="3">
DNA sequences were derived from
<specimenCount id="91AAFD24FFE89E2B46FDFD35EB03FD20" box="[923,1104,658,684]" count="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
, with one from
<collectingCountry id="FFBB763DFFE89E2B419FFD35EA6EFD20" box="[1273,1341,658,684]" name="Oman" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Oman</collectingCountry>
(jm017) with only 314 bp (
<specimenCode id="D70A9ED6FFE89E2B4405FD10ED4AFD5D" box="[355,537,695,721]" collectionCode="ABABX" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ABABX291-21</specimenCode>
), but the other two (oll836, oll837) with&gt;600 bp (
<specimenCode id="D70A9ED6FFE89E2B412EFD10EBADFD5D" box="[1096,1278,695,721]" collectionCode="ABABX" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ABABX468-22</specimenCode>
, ABABX469- 22). A BIN has not yet been assigned.
<collectorName id="2A59537BFFE89E2B4759FD7BED38FD7A" box="[575,619,732,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The</collectorName>
species is not closely associated with any other
<taxonomicName id="40AC4D2EFFE89E2B41E7FD7BEACFFD7A" box="[1153,1436,732,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B41E7FD7BEA16FD7A" box="[1153,1349,732,758]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pseudoanthidium</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in the COI
<collectorName id="2A59537BFFE89E2B4472FCA5EE94FC90" box="[276,455,770,796]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Species ID Tree</collectorName>
(
<figureCitation id="1F972A28FFE89E2B44B1FCA5ED78FC90" box="[471,555,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1958,1982]" captionTargetBox="[221,1351,178,1932]" captionTargetId="graphics-20@43.[333,900,178,1905]" captionText="FIGURE 28. Species ID tree as inferred from the DNA sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI gene, “barcoding gene”). Bootstrap values above 70% are shown next to the nodes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14275914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14275914/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871336ADFFE89E2B45A1FC8FED08FC00" blockId="4.[151,1437,359,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B45A1FC8FEE6AFCCD" box="[199,313,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. The species can easily be distinguished from all other species of
<taxonomicName id="40AC4D2EFFE89E2B4122FC80EA5BFCCD" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1898" box="[1092,1288,807,833]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B4122FC80EA5BFCCD" box="[1092,1288,807,833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pseudoanthidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its axilla which forms a strong tooth pointed posteriorly. Additionally, the female is distinct from all other species of the genus by its medially swollen mandible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871336ADFFE89E2B45A1FC3FEE24FAFD" blockId="4.[151,1437,359,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B45A1FC3FEE1EFC3D" box="[199,333,920,945]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B4439FC30EEE7FC3D" box="[351,436,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1F972A28FFE89E2B44AEFC30ED4DFC3D" box="[456,542,919,945]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[151,1435,181,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pseudoanthidium bytinskii (Mavromoustakis, 1948), form Israel. a. Habitus dorsal, female; b. Habitus dorsal, male; c. Head of the female, with bulging mandibles; d. Mandible of the male with depressed basal part; e. Sterna of the male with specialized undulated and apically hooked hairs on S3 and combs on S5." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240738/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
).
<quantity id="40549B48FFE89E2B4751FC30EDD8FC3E" box="[567,651,919,946]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
long.—
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B478AFC30EC7AFC3D" box="[748,809,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Head</emphasis>
: Head blocky (as typical for many
<taxonomicName id="40AC4D2EFFE89E2B41B0FC30EFBDFC5A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B41B0FC30EACFFC3D" box="[1238,1436,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pseudoanthidium</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
); clypeus bell-shaped, finely punctate (
<figureCitation id="1F972A28FFE89E2B47CEFC1BEDAFFC5B" box="[680,764,956,983]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,181,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-15@35.[180,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 20. Face of the female of Palaearctic species of Pseudoanthidium (continued on the following page)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240775" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240775/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
), with interstices somewhat longer at the base than towards the apex; apical ridge crenulate with a median tubercle larger than others; apical margin largely hidden by white pubescence; mandible yellow with black teeth, with to1 being the strongest, to2 and to3 equally strong, to4- to7 small; to8 the second strongest; mandible with a median bulge on outer face (
<figureCitation id="1F972A28FFE89E2B4133FB8BEB9BFBCA" box="[1109,1224,1068,1094]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[151,1435,181,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pseudoanthidium bytinskii (Mavromoustakis, 1948), form Israel. a. Habitus dorsal, female; b. Habitus dorsal, male; c. Head of the female, with bulging mandibles; d. Mandible of the male with depressed basal part; e. Sterna of the male with specialized undulated and apically hooked hairs on S3 and combs on S5." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240738/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2cd</figureCitation>
); upper and lower paraocular area, and supraclypeal area yellow; large yellow spot on the frons between the antennal sockets and the lower ocelli; yellow preoccipital band extending over lower end of gena.—
<taxonomicName id="40AC4D2EFFE89E2B4151FBDFEBE3FB1D" box="[1079,1200,1144,1169]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Mesosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B4151FBDFEBE3FB1D" box="[1079,1200,1144,1169]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mesosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Scutum black with anterolateral yellow band; large yellow spot on mesepisternum; pronotal lobe yellow with high lamella; apical margin of scutellum widely rounded in dorsal view, lamellate laterally; yellow, interrupted by black maculation in the middle; axilla yellow with a strong tooth pointed posteriorly.—
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B46D9FB4FECA7FA8D" box="[959,1012,1256,1281]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Legs</emphasis>
: Yellow.—
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B4110FB4FEBBFFA8D" box="[1142,1260,1256,1281]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Metasoma</emphasis>
: Yellow lateral bands covering most of
<collectionCode id="E1BDAE68FFE89E2B44C5FAABEEE4FAAB" box="[419,439,1292,1319]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T</collectionCode>
1
<collectionCode id="E1BDAE68FFE89E2B44B7FAABEEB6FAAB" box="[465,485,1292,1319]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T</collectionCode>
5, contiguous or subcontiguous in the middle;
<collectionCode id="E1BDAE68FFE89E2B468EFAABECA9FAAA" box="[1000,1018,1292,1318]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T</collectionCode>
6 entirely yellow; with an impunctate apical margin; outer margin of
<collectionCode id="E1BDAE68FFE89E2B4492FA95ED55FAC0" box="[500,518,1330,1356]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T</collectionCode>
<quantity id="40549B48FFE89E2B4760FA95ED63FAC0" box="[518,560,1330,1356]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
dorsal view with a shoulder and a small bilobed extension centrally (
<figureCitation id="1F972A28FFE89E2B405CFA95EADCFAC0" box="[1338,1423,1330,1356]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1491,1515]" captionTargetBox="[409,1188,1275,1417]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 22. Apical terga of females of Palaearctic Pseudoanthidium species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240781" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240781/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
); scopal hairs yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871336ADFFE89E2B45A1FADBEDBFF96B" blockId="4.[151,1437,359,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B45A1FADBEE52FA1A" box="[199,257,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1F972A28FFE89E2B4468FADBEE33FA1A" box="[270,352,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[151,1435,181,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pseudoanthidium bytinskii (Mavromoustakis, 1948), form Israel. a. Habitus dorsal, female; b. Habitus dorsal, male; c. Head of the female, with bulging mandibles; d. Mandible of the male with depressed basal part; e. Sterna of the male with specialized undulated and apically hooked hairs on S3 and combs on S5." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240738/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
).
<quantity id="40549B48FFE89E2B4415FADBEE94FA1B" box="[371,455,1404,1431]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
long. The
<specimenCount id="91AAFD24FFE89E2B475CFADBEDEAFA1A" box="[570,697,1404,1430]" count="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">three males</specimenCount>
examined noticeable smaller than the female.—
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B41ABFADBEA59FA1A" box="[1229,1290,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Head</emphasis>
: Colouration pattern as in the female; clypeus and paraocular area pale yellow (
<figureCitation id="1F972A28FFE89E2B461DFA05EC9DFA30" box="[891,974,1442,1468]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-15@37.[179,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 21. Faces of the male of Palaearctic species of the genus Pseudoanthidium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240779" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240779/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
), gena and preoccipital area dark yellow; mandible yellow with three strong, black teeth; mandible not bulging as in the female; antennal segment sg1 yellow ventrally, brown dorsally; sg2 brown; sg 3-sg4 yellow-brown, sg5 bicoloured yellow-brown and brown, sg6-sg13 brown.—
<taxonomicName id="40AC4D2EFFE89E2B4464F9B4EE29F9A0" box="[258,378,1555,1580]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Mesosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B4464F9B4EE29F9A0" box="[258,378,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mesosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: As in female.—
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B4753F9B4ED39F9A0" box="[565,618,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Legs</emphasis>
: Yellow.—
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B4781F9B4EC0FF9A0" box="[743,860,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Metasoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1F972A28FFE89E2B460CF9B5ECE8F9A0" box="[874,955,1554,1580]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[151,1435,181,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pseudoanthidium bytinskii (Mavromoustakis, 1948), form Israel. a. Habitus dorsal, female; b. Habitus dorsal, male; c. Head of the female, with bulging mandibles; d. Mandible of the male with depressed basal part; e. Sterna of the male with specialized undulated and apically hooked hairs on S3 and combs on S5." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240738/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2e</figureCitation>
): Similar to female; T5T6 entirely yellow; T7 yellow with broad apical emargination (
<figureCitation id="1F972A28FFE89E2B47E6F990EC57F9DD" box="[640,772,1591,1617]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 23" captionStart-1="FIGURE 24" captionStartId-0="39.[151,250,1918,1942]" captionStartId-1="40.[151,250,1170,1194]" captionTargetBox-0="[173,1415,561,1882]" captionTargetBox-1="[307,1281,311,1152]" captionTargetId-0="figure-169@39.[173,1415,561,1895]" captionTargetId-1="graphics-80@40.[648,939,711,796]" captionTargetPageId-0="39" captionTargetPageId-1="40" captionText-0="FIGURE 23. Apical terga of males of Palaearctic Pseudoanthidium species." captionText-1="FIGURE 24. Apical terga of males of Palaearctic Pseudoanthidium species." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240783" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14275912" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14240783/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14275912/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 2324</figureCitation>
); S2 with apical fringe of plumose hairs; S3 with modified hairs (undulate hairs basally and long, hooked hairs protruding beyond these basal hairs); S5 with basal comb and projection with black apical comb (approximately 17 more or less equally long digits); S6 laterally with semicircular incisions.—
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B4478F900EEDBF94D" box="[286,392,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Genitalia</emphasis>
: Gonostylus approximately parallel-sided, with apex rounded and unnotched; penis valves slender with rounded apex, non-contiguous (
<figureCitation id="1F972A28FFE89E2B47EDF96BED8CF96B" box="[651,735,1740,1767]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="40.[151,250,2009,2033]" captionTargetBox="[176,1412,1240,1996]" captionTargetId="figure-103@40.[176,1412,1240,2001]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 25. Male genitalia of selected Palaearctic species of Pseudoanthidium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240785/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871336ADFFE89E2B45A1F954EC4BF8DA" blockId="4.[151,1437,359,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B45A1F954EE7CF880" box="[199,303,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Variation</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="E33D4B5CFFE89E2B4458F955ED1FF880" author="Mavromoustakis, G. A." box="[318,588,1778,1804]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="428 - 434" refId="ref30580" refString="Mavromoustakis, G. A. (1948) On some anthidiine bees (Apoidea) from Palestine. Part III. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11, 14, 428 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934708654652" type="journal article" year="1948">Mavromoustakis (1948)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned three apical and four smaller lower teeth. The female examined here has three large and five smaller lower teeth. Genae described by
<bibRefCitation id="E33D4B5CFFE89E2B46D3F8B0EB97F8BD" author="Mavromoustakis, G. A." box="[949,1220,1815,1841]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="428 - 434" refId="ref30580" refString="Mavromoustakis, G. A. (1948) On some anthidiine bees (Apoidea) from Palestine. Part III. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11, 14, 428 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934708654652" type="journal article" year="1948">Mavromoustakis (1948)</bibRefCitation>
as broadly yellow, while they are entirely yellow in the examined specimen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871336ADFFE89E2B45A1F8C5EB79F8F0" blockId="4.[151,1437,359,1916]" box="[199,1066,1890,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B5D8EABFFFE89E2B45A1F8C5EE03F8F0" box="[199,336,1890,1916]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution</emphasis>
. Levant (
<collectingCountry id="FFBB763DFFE89E2B44DDF8C5EEAFF8F0" box="[443,508,1890,1916]" name="Israel" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Israel</collectingCountry>
) and Arabian Peninsula (
<collectingCountry id="FFBB763DFFE89E2B4673F8C5EC0EF8F0" box="[789,861,1890,1916]" name="Oman" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Oman</collectingCountry>
) (new) (
<figureCitation id="1F972A28FFE89E2B46DAF8C5EB4DF8F0" box="[956,1054,1890,1916]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1691,1715]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-71@42.[151,1435,273,1667]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 27. Distribution of selected species of Pseudoanthidium. a. Pseudoanthidium bytinskii, P. puncticolle, P. syriacum sp. nov., and P. variabile; b. Pseudoanthidium farsiense sp. nov., P. moricei, and P. rhombiferum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240790/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 27a</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>