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<mods:title id="53F0D6FDE9CEC261E006A56B59A35D44">Taxonomic revision and systematic notes on some Halecium species (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="C37636E78B45FFC4CBFCFEAEFC9BFEE4" blockId="15.[138,1185,299,519]" box="[441,882,299,323]" pageId="15" pageNumber="621">
<heading id="983E818B8B45FFC4CBFCFEAEFC9BFEE4" box="[441,882,299,323]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="621" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="04C94D648B45FFC4CBFCFEAEFC9BFEE4" ID-CoL="3JB66" authority="Stechow, 1919" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1919" box="[441,882,299,323]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="621" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="petrosum">
<emphasis id="F1BDEAF58B45FFC4CBFCFEAEFD52FEE4" bold="true" box="[441,699,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="621">Halecium petrosum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7584B168B45FFC4C881FEAEFC9BFEE4" author="Stechow E" box="[708,882,299,323]" pageId="15" pageNumber="621" pagination="1 - 172" refId="ref16179" refString="Stechow E. 1919. Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete, nebst Angaben uber einige Kirchenpauer'sche Typen von Plumulariden. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 42: 1 - 172." type="journal article" year="1919">Stechow, 1919</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BD3656C8B45FFC4C81FFEC9FD38FEC3" box="[602,721,332,356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="621" type="description">
<paragraph id="C37636E78B45FFC4C81FFEC9FD38FEC3" blockId="15.[138,1185,299,519]" box="[602,721,332,356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="621">
(
<figureCitation id="5BF22A628B45FFC4C827FEC9FD2EFEC3" box="[610,711,332,356]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="15.[138,198,1503,1522]" captionTargetBox="[297,1029,579,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-106@15.[286,1037,573,1467]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 8. Halecium petrosum Stechow, 1919; after material from Banyuls-sur-Mer. (A) Colony silhouette (scale bar: 5 mm); (B) two internodes (scale bar 0.2 mm); (C) branching point (same scale bar as B); (D) hydrophore, primary and secondary hydrothecae (scale bar: 0.1 mm); (E) hydrotheca with straight walls (same scale bar as D); (F) female gonotheca in side view (same scale bar as B); (G) hydrotheca of female gonotheca in anterior view (anterior side in F is directed towards left) (same scale bar as D); (H) part of male colony, sperm masses stippled, note that this sample shows signs of multiple re-growth and regeneration, its identity is not entirely secure (scale bar: 0.2 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4668996" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4668996/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="621">Figure 8</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BD3656C8B45FFC4CACFFEE8FC7BFDA0" pageId="15" pageNumber="621" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C37636E78B45FFC4CACFFEE8FED3FE02" blockId="15.[138,1185,299,519]" pageId="15" pageNumber="621">
<taxonomicName id="04C94D648B45FFC4CACFFEE8FD16FE22" ID-CoL="3JB6T" authority=": Motz-Kossowska 1911, p 346" authorityName="Motz-Kossowska" authorityPageNumber="346" authorityYear="1911" box="[138,767,365,389]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="621" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robustum">
<emphasis id="F1BDEAF58B45FFC4CACFFEE8FE83FE22" box="[138,362,365,389]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="621">Halecium robustum</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="A7584B168B45FFC4CBC3FEE8FD76FE22" author="Motz-Kossowska S" box="[390,671,365,389]" pageId="15" pageNumber="621" pagination="325 - 352" refId="ref15377" refString="Motz-Kossowska S. 1911. Contribution a la connaissance des hydraires de la Mediterranee occidentale: II, Hydraires calyptoblastiques. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale 6: 325 - 352." type="journal article" year="1911">Motz-Kossowska 1911</bibRefCitation>
, p 346
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="5BF22A628B45FFC4C95DFEE8FC71FE22" box="[792,920,365,389]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="27.[138,198,1104,1123]" captionTargetBox="[312,1011,138,1069]" captionTargetId="figure-114@27.[310,1013,133,1069]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 14. Halecium banyulense Motz-Kossowska, 1911, after MHNG INVE 34237. (A) Colony silhouette (scale bar: 1 cm); (B) internode from monosiphonic part (scale bar: 0.2 mm); (C) hydrothecae with regenerated hydrothecae of second and higher degree (scale bar: 0.1 mm); (D) female gonotheca, drawn opaque to visualize radiating depressions (same scale bar as B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4669008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4669008/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="621">Figure 14</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A7584B168B45FFC4C9F4FEE8FBA2FE22" author="Neppi V" box="[945,1099,365,389]" pageId="15" pageNumber="621" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref15514" refString="Neppi V. 1921. Nuove osservationi sui polipi idroidi del Golfo di Napoli. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli 3: 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1921">Neppi 1921</bibRefCitation>
, p 13,
<figureCitation id="5BF22A628B45FFC4CAE0FE08FEFCFE02" box="[165,277,397,421]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[138,198,931,950]" captionTargetBox="[325,995,143,880]" captionTargetId="figure-194@7.[310,1013,133,895]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Halecium halecinum (Linnaeus, 1758). (AC) Segments of monosiphonic parts, with secondary hydrothecae, note length variation of internodes, BIOFAR station 350, 205 and 351; (D) BIOFAR 351, female gonotheca in side view; (E) as in (D), but seen from anterior side, note bipartite hydrotheca; (F) BIOFAR 597, male gonotheca. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4668987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4668987/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="621">Figures 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5BF22A628B45FFC4CB66FE08FEDCFE02" box="[291,309,397,421]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[138,198,1584,1603]" captionTargetBox="[317,1012,533,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-76@9.[310,1013,529,1548]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Halecium beanii (Johnston, 1838). (A, D) From Roscoff; (B, C, EH) from The Faroes. (AC) Colony silhouettes (scale bar: 1 cm); (DF) subterminal portions of branches (scale bar: 0.2 mm); (G) female gonotheca, middle one seen from side of hydrothecae, right one shown with developing embryos (scale bar: 0.2 mm); (H) male gonotheca (same scale bar as G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4668989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4668989/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="621">5</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C37636E78B45FFC4CACFFE2BFD75FE61" blockId="15.[138,1185,299,519]" box="[138,668,430,454]" pageId="15" pageNumber="621">
[Not
<taxonomicName id="04C94D648B45FFC4CA8EFE2BFD79FE61" ID-CoL="3JB6T" authority="Pieper 1884, p 166" authorityName="Pieper" authorityPageNumber="166" authorityYear="1884" box="[203,656,430,454]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="621" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robustum">
<emphasis id="F1BDEAF58B45FFC4CA8EFE2BFE76FE61" box="[203,415,430,454]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="621">Halecium robustum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7584B168B45FFC4CBEDFE2BFDD0FE61" author="Pieper FW" box="[424,569,430,454]" pageId="15" pageNumber="621" pagination="216 - 221" refId="ref15783" refString="Pieper FW. 1884. Erganzungen zu Heller's '' Zoophyten etc. des adriatischen Meeres' '. Zoologischer Anzeiger 7: 148 - 152, 164 - 169, 185 - 188, 216 - 221." type="journal article" year="1884">Pieper 1884</bibRefCitation>
, p 166
</taxonomicName>
.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C37636E78B45FFC4CACFFE4AFC7BFDA0" blockId="15.[138,1185,299,519]" pageId="15" pageNumber="621">
<taxonomicName id="04C94D648B45FFC4CACFFE4AFDBCFE40" ID-CoL="3JB66" authority="Stechow 1919, p 36" authorityName="Stechow" authorityPageNumber="36" authorityYear="1919" box="[138,597,463,487]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="621" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="petrosum">
<emphasis id="F1BDEAF58B45FFC4CACFFE4AFEB2FE40" box="[138,347,463,487]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="621">Halecium petrosum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7584B168B45FFC4CB20FE4AFDE6FE40" author="Stechow E" box="[357,527,463,487]" pageId="15" pageNumber="621" pagination="1 - 172" refId="ref16179" refString="Stechow E. 1919. Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete, nebst Angaben uber einige Kirchenpauer'sche Typen von Plumulariden. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 42: 1 - 172." type="journal article" year="1919">Stechow 1919</bibRefCitation>
, p 36
</taxonomicName>
, new name;
<bibRefCitation id="A7584B168B45FFC4C8A8FE4AFC56FE40" author="Coma R &amp; Llobet I &amp; Zabala M &amp; Gili J-M &amp; Hughes RG" box="[749,959,463,487]" pageId="15" pageNumber="621" pagination="161 - 169" refId="ref14018" refString="Coma R, Llobet I, Zabala M, Gili J-M, Hughes RG. 1992. The population dynamics of Halecium petrosum and Halecium pusillum (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria), epiphytes of Halimeda tuna in the northwestern Mediterranean. Scientia Marina 56: 161 - 169." type="journal article" year="1992">Coma et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
, p 162,
<figureCitation id="5BF22A628B45FFC4CE67FE4AFB75FE40" box="[1058,1180,463,487]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[138,198,1080,1099]" captionTargetBox="[314,1010,156,1036]" captionTargetId="figure-163@3.[310,1013,133,1044]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Halecium scutum Clark, 1877; colony silhouettes of material from The Faroes. (A) MHNG INVE 33550; (B) BIOFAR station 699; (C) BIOFAR station 459. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4668979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4668979/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="621">Figure 1A</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A7584B168B45FFC4CAE0FE6AFD76FDA0" author="Pena Cantero AL &amp; Garcia Carrascosa AM" box="[165,671,495,519]" pageId="15" pageNumber="621" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref15725" refString="Pena Cantero AL, Garcia Carrascosa AM. 2002. The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen 337: 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero and García Carrascosa 2002</bibRefCitation>
, p 69,
<figureCitation id="5BF22A628B45FFC4C8B7FE6AFC8BFDA0" box="[754,866,495,519]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="27.[138,198,1104,1123]" captionTargetBox="[312,1011,138,1069]" captionTargetId="figure-114@27.[310,1013,133,1069]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 14. Halecium banyulense Motz-Kossowska, 1911, after MHNG INVE 34237. (A) Colony silhouette (scale bar: 1 cm); (B) internode from monosiphonic part (scale bar: 0.2 mm); (C) hydrothecae with regenerated hydrothecae of second and higher degree (scale bar: 0.1 mm); (D) female gonotheca, drawn opaque to visualize radiating depressions (same scale bar as B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4669008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4669008/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="621">Figure 14</figureCitation>
ac.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="C37636E78B45FFC4CACFFA5AFEE7F935" blockId="15.[138,1186,1503,1682]" pageId="15" pageNumber="621">
Figure 8.
<taxonomicName id="04C94D648B45FFC4CAAEFA5AFDC1FA55" authority="Stechow, 1919" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1919" box="[235,552,1503,1522]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="621" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="petrosum">
<emphasis id="F1BDEAF58B45FFC4CAAEFA5AFE7BFA55" box="[235,402,1503,1522]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="621">Halecium petrosum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7584B168B45FFC4CBDFFA5AFDC1FA55" author="Stechow E" box="[410,552,1503,1522]" pageId="15" pageNumber="621" pagination="1 - 172" refId="ref16179" refString="Stechow E. 1919. Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete, nebst Angaben uber einige Kirchenpauer'sche Typen von Plumulariden. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 42: 1 - 172." type="journal article" year="1919">Stechow, 1919</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; after material from Banyuls-sur-Mer. (A) Colony silhouette (scale bar: 5 mm); (B) two internodes (scale bar 0.2 mm); (C) branching point (same scale bar as B); (D) hydrophore, primary and secondary hydrothecae (scale bar: 0.1 mm); (E) hydrotheca with straight walls (same scale bar as D); (F) female gonotheca in side view (same scale bar as B); (G) hydrotheca of female gonotheca in anterior view (anterior side in F is directed towards left) (same scale bar as D); (H) part of male colony, sperm masses stippled, note that this sample shows signs of multiple re-growth and regeneration, its identity is not entirely secure (scale bar: 0.2 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="8BD3656C8B5AFFDBCA38FF0DFF15F932" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C37636E78B5AFFDBCA38FF0DFEA5FF07" blockId="16.[125,332,136,160]" box="[125,332,136,160]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">
<emphasis id="F1BDEAF58B5AFFDBCA38FF0DFEA5FF07" box="[125,332,136,160]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C37636E78B5AFFDBCA38FF3CFF26FEF6" blockId="16.[125,1172,185,337]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">
<materialsCitation id="73A13CBA8B5AFFDBCA38FF3CFD17FF56" collectingDate="1997-06-23" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="P. Schuchert" country="France" elevation="2" location="Anse de Troc" municipality="Banyuls-sur-Mer Pyrenees Orientales" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" specimenCode="INVE 26665" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="A5D8AE228B5AFFDBCA38FF3CFF32FF76" box="[125,219,185,209]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="936F9E9C8B5AFFDBCAA1FF3CFE96FF76" box="[228,383,185,209]" collectionCode="INVE" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">INVE 26665</specimenCode>
,
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,
<collectingMunicipality id="2312AC9D8B5AFFDBC87EFF3CFC18FF76" box="[571,1009,185,209]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">Banyuls-sur-Mer Pyrénées Orientales</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="BBDE76778B5AFFDBC9B8FF3CFBB8FF76" box="[1021,1105,185,209]" name="France" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">France</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="04319B028B5AFFDBCE1BFF3CFB66FF76" box="[1118,1167,185,209]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" unit="m" value="2.0">
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, coll.
<collectorName id="6E3C53318B5AFFDBCA86FF5CFE83FF56" box="[195,362,217,241]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">P. Schuchert</collectorName>
,
<date id="B77710278B5AFFDBCBC6FF5CFDD4FF56" box="[387,573,217,241]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" value="1997-06-23">
<collectingDate id="A733E9CF8B5AFFDBCBC6FF5CFDD4FF56" box="[387,573,217,241]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" value="1997-06-23">23 June 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
, fertile female
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="73A13CBA8B5AFFDBC952FF5CFF23FEF6" collectingDate="2000-08-23" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="P. Schuchert" country="Spain" elevation="5" location="Mallorca" municipality="Cala Murada" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" specimenCode="INVE 29763" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="A5D8AE228B5AFFDBC952FF5CFC9CFF56" box="[791,885,217,241]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="936F9E9C8B5AFFDBC9CFFF5CFBD8FF56" box="[906,1073,217,241]" collectionCode="INVE" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">INVE 29763</specimenCode>
,
<collectingCountry id="BBDE76778B5AFFDBCE0FFF5CFB66FF56" box="[1098,1167,217,241]" name="Spain" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">Spain</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="C616603C8B5AFFDBCA38FF7CFF01FEB6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B6087F18B45FFDBCBFCFEAEFF15F932:C616603C8B5AFFDBCA38FF7CFF01FEB6" box="[125,232,249,273]" country="Spain" municipality="Cala Murada" name="Mallorca" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">Mallorca</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="2312AC9D8B5AFFDBCABFFF7CFE75FEB6" box="[250,412,249,273]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">Cala Murada</collectingMunicipality>
, coll.
<collectorName id="6E3C53318B5AFFDBCBAEFF7CFD63FEB6" box="[491,650,249,273]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">P. Schuchert</collectorName>
,
<date id="B77710278B5AFFDBC8DEFF7CFC8BFEB6" box="[667,866,249,273]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" value="2000-08-23">
<collectingDate id="A733E9CF8B5AFFDBC8DEFF7CFC8BFEB6" box="[667,866,249,273]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" value="2000-08-23">23 August 2000</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<quantity id="04319B028B5AFFDBC936FF7CFC52FEB6" box="[883,955,249,273]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" unit="m" value="0.5">
<elevation id="48E4D1D48B5AFFDBC936FF7CFC52FEB6" box="[883,955,249,273]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, on rock and red algae, shows signs of multiple re-growth and regenerations, identification not entirely secure
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C37636E78B5AFFDBCA38FE0CFF1CFE06" blockId="16.[125,245,393,417]" box="[125,245,393,417]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">
<emphasis id="F1BDEAF58B5AFFDBCA38FE0CFF1CFE06" box="[125,245,393,417]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C37636E78B5AFFDBCA38FE3FFC44FC96" blockId="16.[125,1173,442,817]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">
Colonies erect, branched, shoots
<quantity id="04319B028B5AFFDBC84AFE3FFD6BFE75" box="[527,642,442,466]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">515 mm</quantity>
, monosiphonic, composed of main axis and shorter side-branches. Erect parts segmented by alternately oblique nodes; nodes distinct, internodes about
<quantity id="04319B028B5AFFDBCB08FE7FFE35FDB5" box="[333,476,506,530]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.50.6 mm</quantity>
long, diameter
<quantity id="04319B028B5AFFDBC8DCFE7FFCFDFDB5" box="[665,788,504,530]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" unit="mm" value="85.0" valueMax="90.0" valueMin="80.0">8090 mm</quantity>
. Perisarc smooth. Side-branches originate from hydrophores. Hydrotheca near segment end, on very short hydrophore; hydrotheca does not reach beyond level of node. Primary hydrotheca with straight or slightly curved walls, basal diameter
<quantity id="04319B028B5AFFDBC867FDDCFD38FDD6" box="[546,721,601,625]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" unit="mm" value="0.11" valueMax="0.12" valueMin="0.1">0.100.12 mm</quantity>
, depth
<quantity id="04319B028B5AFFDBC963FDDCFC49FDD6" box="[806,928,600,626]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">2030 mm</quantity>
, desmocytes present. Hydrophore without pseudodiaphragm. Secondary hydrotheca on corrugated hydrophore of variable length, several times longer than primary hydrophore. Gonothecae on main stem. Female gonotheca
<quantity id="04319B028B5AFFDBCBEFFD3CFDD1FD76" box="[426,568,697,721]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.499999999999999" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" unit="mm" value="0.6499999999999999" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.6">0.60.7 mm</quantity>
long and about
<quantity id="04319B028B5AFFDBC940FD3CFC88FD76" box="[773,865,697,721]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
broad, main body ovoid, bilaterally symmetric through a lateral hydrotheca that overtops gonotheca body, with crease-line running from hydrotheca along gonotheca body. Male gonothecae without hydrotheca, club-shaped, slightly curved or not, length
<quantity id="04319B028B5AFFDBC942FC9CFC40FC96" box="[775,937,793,817]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" unit="mm" value="0.525" valueMax="0.55" valueMin="0.5">0.50.55 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C37636E78B5AFFDBCA38FCECFE9FFC26" blockId="16.[125,374,873,897]" box="[125,374,873,897]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">
<emphasis id="F1BDEAF58B5AFFDBCA38FCECFE9FFC26" box="[125,374,873,897]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">Additional information</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C37636E78B5AFFDBCA38FC1FFF23FC75" blockId="16.[125,1172,922,978]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">
Stems may reach
<quantity id="04319B028B5AFFDBCB0FFC1FFE6DFC15" box="[330,388,922,946]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
in height. Female gonotheca with two hydranths (
<bibRefCitation id="A7584B168B5AFFDBC98FFC1FFF54FC75" author="Motz-Kossowska S" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" pagination="325 - 352" refId="ref15377" refString="Motz-Kossowska S. 1911. Contribution a la connaissance des hydraires de la Mediterranee occidentale: II, Hydraires calyptoblastiques. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale 6: 325 - 352." type="journal article" year="1911">Motz-Kossowska 1911</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C37636E78B5AFFDBCA38FB8EFF27FB84" blockId="16.[125,206,1035,1059]" box="[125,206,1035,1059]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">
<emphasis id="F1BDEAF58B5AFFDBCA38FB8EFF27FB84" box="[125,206,1035,1059]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">Biology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C37636E78B5AFFDBCA38FBBEFDF7FB34" blockId="16.[125,1172,1083,1171]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">
Depth range
<quantity id="04319B028B5AFFDBCB50FBBEFE69FBF4" box="[277,384,1083,1107]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.005" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.01" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" unit="m" value="100.5" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="1.0">1200 m</quantity>
, grows on a variety of solid substrata. Fertile colonies observed from June to October (
<bibRefCitation id="A7584B168B5AFFDBCB11FBDEFC8AFBD4" author="Pena Cantero AL &amp; Garcia Carrascosa AM" box="[340,867,1115,1139]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref15725" refString="Pena Cantero AL, Garcia Carrascosa AM. 2002. The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen 337: 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero and García Carrascosa 2002</bibRefCitation>
). Ecological aspects were investigated by
<bibRefCitation id="A7584B168B5AFFDBCB71FBFEFDF3FB34" author="Coma R &amp; Llobet I &amp; Zabala M &amp; Gili J-M &amp; Hughes RG" box="[308,538,1147,1171]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" pagination="161 - 169" refId="ref14018" refString="Coma R, Llobet I, Zabala M, Gili J-M, Hughes RG. 1992. The population dynamics of Halecium petrosum and Halecium pusillum (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria), epiphytes of Halimeda tuna in the northwestern Mediterranean. Scientia Marina 56: 161 - 169." type="journal article" year="1992">Coma et al. (1992)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C37636E78B5AFFDBCA38FB49FF14FB43" blockId="16.[125,253,1228,1252]" box="[125,253,1228,1252]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">
<emphasis id="F1BDEAF58B5AFFDBCA38FB49FF14FB43" box="[125,253,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C37636E78B5AFFDBCA38FB79FED8FA93" blockId="16.[125,1172,1276,1332]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">
<materialsCitation id="73A13CBA8B5AFFDBCA38FB79FEC4FA93" country="France" county="Mediterranean" location="Cap Bear" municipality="Banyuls-sur-Mer" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" specimenCount="1">
Mediterranean.
<typeStatus id="1C7288458B5AFFDBCB7CFB79FE9CFAB3" box="[313,373,1276,1300]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">Type</typeStatus>
localities:
<location id="C616603C8B5AFFDBCBB7FB79FD89FAB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B6087F18B45FFDBCBFCFEAEFF15F932:C616603C8B5AFFDBCBB7FB79FD89FAB3" box="[498,608,1276,1300]" country="France" county="Mediterranean" municipality="Banyuls-sur-Mer" name="Cap Bear" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">Cap Béar</location>
and
<location id="C616603C8B5AFFDBC8DEFB79FCCCFAB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B6087F18B45FFDBCBFCFEAEFF15F932:C616603C8B5AFFDBC8DEFB79FCCCFAB3" box="[667,805,1276,1300]" country="France" county="Mediterranean" municipality="Banyuls-sur-Mer" name="Cap Abeille" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">Cap Abeille</location>
near
<collectingMunicipality id="2312AC9D8B5AFFDBC92DFB79FBD9FAB3" box="[872,1072,1276,1300]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">Banyuls-sur-Mer</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="BBDE76778B5AFFDBCE79FB79FB79FAB3" box="[1084,1168,1276,1300]" name="France" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">France</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCounty id="2A174E6B8B5AFFDBCA38FA99FEC4FA93" box="[125,301,1308,1332]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">Mediterranean</collectingCounty>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C37636E78B5AFFDBCA38FAE8FF35FA22" blockId="16.[125,220,1389,1413]" box="[125,220,1389,1413]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">
<emphasis id="F1BDEAF58B5AFFDBCA38FAE8FF35FA22" box="[125,220,1389,1413]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C37636E78B5AFFDBCA38FA1BFF15F932" blockId="16.[125,1172,1438,1685]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">
<bibRefCitation id="A7584B168B5AFFDBCA38FA1BFE74FA11" author="Motz-Kossowska S" box="[125,413,1438,1462]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" pagination="325 - 352" refId="ref15377" refString="Motz-Kossowska S. 1911. Contribution a la connaissance des hydraires de la Mediterranee occidentale: II, Hydraires calyptoblastiques. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale 6: 325 - 352." type="journal article" year="1911">Motz-Kossowska (1911)</bibRefCitation>
identified abundant material from Banyuls as
<taxonomicName id="04C94D648B5AFFDBC985FA1BFEFEFA71" authority="Pieper, 1884" authorityName="Pieper" authorityYear="1884" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robustum">
<emphasis id="F1BDEAF58B5AFFDBC985FA1BFB7DFA11" box="[960,1172,1438,1462]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">Halecium robustum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7584B168B5AFFDBCA38FA3BFEFEFA71" author="Pieper FW" box="[125,279,1470,1494]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" pagination="216 - 221" refId="ref15783" refString="Pieper FW. 1884. Erganzungen zu Heller's '' Zoophyten etc. des adriatischen Meeres' '. Zoologischer Anzeiger 7: 148 - 152, 164 - 169, 185 - 188, 216 - 221." type="journal article" year="1884">Pieper, 1884</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The latter name was recognized by
<bibRefCitation id="A7584B168B5AFFDBC880FA3BFCB2FA71" author="Bedot M" box="[709,859,1470,1494]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" pagination="213 - 469" refId="ref13547" refString="Bedot M. 1912. Materiaux pour servir a l'histoire des hydroides, 4 me periode (1872 - 1880). Revue suisse Zoologie 20: 213 - 469." type="journal article" year="1912">Bedot (1912</bibRefCitation>
, p 14) as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="04C94D648B5AFFDBCE33FA3BFF03FA51" baseAuthorityName="Bourne" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lankesterii">
<emphasis id="F1BDEAF58B5AFFDBCE33FA3BFF03FA51" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">H. lankesterii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see also
<bibRefCitation id="A7584B168B5AFFDBCB29FA5BFDF2FA51" author="Hamond R" box="[364,539,1502,1526]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" pagination="294 - 324" refId="ref14614" refString="Hamond R. 1957. Notes on the Hydrozoa of the Norfolk coast. Journal of the Linnean Society of London 43: 294 - 324." type="journal article" year="1957">Hamond 1957</bibRefCitation>
for more invalid homonyms of
<taxonomicName id="04C94D648B5AFFDBC9EFFA5BFB6BFA51" authorityName="Pieper" authorityYear="1884" box="[938,1154,1502,1526]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robustum">
<emphasis id="F1BDEAF58B5AFFDBC9EFFA5BFB6BFA51" box="[938,1154,1502,1526]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">Halecium robustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Because Motz-Kossowskas material had female gonothecae that differed from typical
<taxonomicName id="04C94D648B5AFFDBCE33FA7BFE2FF992" authority=", Stechow (1919)" authorityName=", Stechow" authorityYear="1919" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lankesterii">
<emphasis id="F1BDEAF58B5AFFDBCE33FA7BFF03F992" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">H. lankesterii</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A7584B168B5AFFDBCB46F998FE2FF992" author="Stechow E" box="[259,454,1565,1589]" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" pagination="1 - 172" refId="ref16179" refString="Stechow E. 1919. Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete, nebst Angaben uber einige Kirchenpauer'sche Typen von Plumulariden. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 42: 1 - 172." type="journal article" year="1919">Stechow (1919)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
attributed it to a new species with the name
<taxonomicName id="04C94D648B5AFFDBCE69F998FF34F9F2" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1919" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="petrosum">
<emphasis id="F1BDEAF58B5AFFDBCE69F998FF34F9F2" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">Halecium petrosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(compare
<figureCitation id="5BF22A628B5AFFDBCB2DF9B8FE04F9F2" box="[360,493,1597,1621]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="15.[138,198,1503,1522]" captionTargetBox="[297,1029,579,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-106@15.[286,1037,573,1467]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 8. Halecium petrosum Stechow, 1919; after material from Banyuls-sur-Mer. (A) Colony silhouette (scale bar: 5 mm); (B) two internodes (scale bar 0.2 mm); (C) branching point (same scale bar as B); (D) hydrophore, primary and secondary hydrothecae (scale bar: 0.1 mm); (E) hydrotheca with straight walls (same scale bar as D); (F) female gonotheca in side view (same scale bar as B); (G) hydrotheca of female gonotheca in anterior view (anterior side in F is directed towards left) (same scale bar as D); (H) part of male colony, sperm masses stippled, note that this sample shows signs of multiple re-growth and regeneration, its identity is not entirely secure (scale bar: 0.2 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4668996" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4668996/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">Figures 8F</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="5BF22A628B5AFFDBC871F9B8FDB0F9F2" box="[564,601,1597,1621]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[138,198,1086,1105]" captionTargetBox="[282,1044,137,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-115@13.[278,1044,133,1050]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Halecium lankesterii (Bourne, 1890); after material from Brittany. (A) Colony silhouette (scale bar: 5 mm); (B) part of stem (scale bar: 0.2 mm); (C) lower part of stem with characteristic ahydrothecate segments with constriction in middle (scale bar: 0.1 mm); (D) hydrothecate segment (same scale bar as C); (E) female gonotheca in oblique view, shown without hydranths (scale bar: 0.2 mm); (F) female gonotheca seen from anterior side (same scale bar as E); (G) lateral view of female gonotheca, higher magnification of opening (scale bar: 0.1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4668994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4668994/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">7E</figureCitation>
). Also the trophosomes of
<taxonomicName id="04C94D648B5AFFDBC9F5F9B8FB7DF9F2" authorityName=", Stechow" authorityYear="1919" box="[944,1172,1597,1621]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lankesterii">
<emphasis id="F1BDEAF58B5AFFDBC9F5F9B8FB7DF9F2" box="[944,1172,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">Halecium lankesterii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="04C94D648B5AFFDBCAF6F9DBFED2F9D2" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1919" box="[179,315,1630,1653]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="petrosum">
<emphasis id="F1BDEAF58B5AFFDBCAF6F9DBFED2F9D2" box="[179,315,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">H. petrosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are quite distinct (compare
<figureCitation id="5BF22A628B5AFFDBC8D1F9D8FCFFF9D2" box="[660,790,1629,1653]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[138,198,1086,1105]" captionTargetBox="[282,1044,137,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-115@13.[278,1044,133,1050]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Halecium lankesterii (Bourne, 1890); after material from Brittany. (A) Colony silhouette (scale bar: 5 mm); (B) part of stem (scale bar: 0.2 mm); (C) lower part of stem with characteristic ahydrothecate segments with constriction in middle (scale bar: 0.1 mm); (D) hydrothecate segment (same scale bar as C); (E) female gonotheca in oblique view, shown without hydranths (scale bar: 0.2 mm); (F) female gonotheca seen from anterior side (same scale bar as E); (G) lateral view of female gonotheca, higher magnification of opening (scale bar: 0.1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4668994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4668994/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">Figures 7B</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="5BF22A628B5AFFDBC913F9D8FC93F9D2" box="[854,890,1629,1653]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="15.[138,198,1503,1522]" captionTargetBox="[297,1029,579,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-106@15.[286,1037,573,1467]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 8. Halecium petrosum Stechow, 1919; after material from Banyuls-sur-Mer. (A) Colony silhouette (scale bar: 5 mm); (B) two internodes (scale bar 0.2 mm); (C) branching point (same scale bar as B); (D) hydrophore, primary and secondary hydrothecae (scale bar: 0.1 mm); (E) hydrotheca with straight walls (same scale bar as D); (F) female gonotheca in side view (same scale bar as B); (G) hydrotheca of female gonotheca in anterior view (anterior side in F is directed towards left) (same scale bar as D); (H) part of male colony, sperm masses stippled, note that this sample shows signs of multiple re-growth and regeneration, its identity is not entirely secure (scale bar: 0.2 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4668996" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4668996/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">8B</figureCitation>
, and remarks under
<taxonomicName id="04C94D648B5AFFDBCE33F9DBFF03F932" authorityName=", Stechow" authorityYear="1919" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="622" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lankesterii">
<emphasis id="F1BDEAF58B5AFFDBCE33F9DBFF03F932" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="622">H. lankesterii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>