223 lines
28 KiB
XML
223 lines
28 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8603928DF40E204ADECEAC5BDEB9400E">Phylogeography of the endemic red-tailed cicadas of New Zealand (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Rhodopsalta), and molecular, morphological and bioacoustical confirmation of the existence of Hudson’s Rhodopsalta microdora</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0D1C653E49C776392127168260861565">Bator, John</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="97A3BB311CFB0BCFE3EBC59DBE607E8D">Marshall, David C</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="14CB82C3190EE0A0AFF34AF656151372">Hill, Kathy B R</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A62FA76624EA0A45249BE99C563B6193">Cooley, John R</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0592B13AB38F2E84B7A1559745E39ECC">Leston, Adam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F3A639A5C5A55A7E0E0B98254D4A8922">Simon, Chris</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="54C2CFB6E28BA2198194FBFB1BCEAA66">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="78CA10E41B7E98D1C9CBCC5B65577FB2">2022-08-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="59DE3446951621D3B7571D620B27FAEE">195</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="18831F449EB1E854EF20B62D82C58635" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab065</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FD87FDFFE0FFE28590CFFC94BCB8CE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6992889" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199082155" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6992889" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87FDFFE0FFE28590CFFC94BCB8CE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87FDFFE0FFE28590CFFC94BCB8CE" lastPageNumber="1231" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">
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<subSubSection id="C34E6560FFE0FFE28590CFFC91D2B9A1" box="[145,430,197,221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36EBFFE0FFE28590CFFC91D2B9A1" blockId="12.[145,430,197,221]" box="[145,430,197,221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE28590CFFC91D2B9A1" ID-CoL="4SJD3" baseAuthorityName="Hudson" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[145,430,197,221]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microdora">Rhodopsalta microdora</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E6560FFE0FFE28590CFD494BCB8CE" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36EBFFE0FFE28590CFD492B5B8A5" blockId="12.[145,761,237,474]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">
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This species comprises three main clades. The southern SI clade is composed of specimens from North
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<collectingRegion id="4990F809FFE0FFE285DDCE12911DB83D" box="[220,353,299,321]" country="New Zealand" name="Canterbury" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">Canterbury</collectingRegion>
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(NC), Mid
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<collectingRegion id="4990F809FFE0FFE284E3CE12921BB83D" box="[482,615,299,321]" country="New Zealand" name="Canterbury" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">Canterbury</collectingRegion>
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(MC), South
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<collectingRegion id="4990F809FFE0FFE28590CE70916AB823" box="[145,278,329,351]" country="New Zealand" name="Canterbury" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">Canterbury</collectingRegion>
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(SC), Mackenzie region (MK) and Central
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<collectingRegion id="4990F809FFE0FFE28590CE5190A9B801" box="[145,213,360,381]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">Otago</collectingRegion>
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(CO). It is sister to an eastern clade made up of a Kaikoura group (SI) + mixed SI/NI clade composed of specimens from
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<collectingRegion id="4990F809FFE0FFE28444CE9C91A5B8C7" box="[325,473,421,443]" country="New Zealand" name="Marlborough" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">Marlborough</collectingRegion>
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(MB) (SI) and Rangitikei, Taupo and
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<collectingRegion id="4990F809FFE0FFE28411CEFD91E3B8A5" box="[272,415,452,474]" country="New Zealand" name="Hawke's Bay" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">Hawkes Bay</collectingRegion>
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(NI) districts (
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<figureCitation id="136F2A6EFFE0FFE28749CEFD92F1B8A5" box="[584,653,452,474]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[164,244,1521,1543]" captionTargetBox="[163,1444,195,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-119@9.[154,1459,189,1494]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on 2284 bp of concatenated genes (5′ and 3′ cox1 and EF1α). Six partition subsets were used (by gene and codon position for each gene, respectively). Branch support values represent Bayesian posterior probabilities and RAXML bootstrap percentages from 1000 non-parametric pseudoreplicates. The number of parsimony-informative sites is 300. Grey boxes show mean divergence time estimates and 95% confidence intervals from the *BEAST analysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6985725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6985725/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">Figs 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136F2A6EFFE0FFE2879BCEFD92C5B8A6" box="[666,697,452,474]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[145,223,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[255,1314,195,1636]" captionTargetId="graphics-72@10.[314,1314,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Single-gene Bayesian phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial cox1 (1486 bp; A) and nuclear EF1α (798 bp; B) using CIPRES v.3.3. Branch support values represent Bayesian posterior probabilities and RAXML bootstrap percentages from 1000 non-parametric pseudoreplicates. The number of parsimony informative sites is 239 for cox1 and 61 for EF1α." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6985727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6985727/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">5A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36EBFFE0FFE28450CD259245BB48" blockId="12.[337,569,540,565]" box="[337,569,540,565]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">GENETIC DISTANCES</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36EBFFE0FFE28590CD7C9200BAB6" blockId="12.[145,762,581,971]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">
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Corrected (patristic) and uncorrected genetic distances from the
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<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE285FFCD5A914DBB04" box="[254,305,611,632]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">cox1</emphasis>
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locus are presented in the Supporting Information (Table S4). Average uncorrected distances between the three species groups are as follows:
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<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE28420CD86928DBBA8" box="[289,753,703,725]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE28420CD86923EBBA9" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[289,578,703,725]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruentata">Rhodopsalta cruentata</taxonomicName>
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–
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE28752CDF9928DBBA8" baseAuthorityName="Myers" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[595,753,703,725]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptomera">R. leptomera</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, 0.031;
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<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE285EFCDE69229BB88" box="[238,597,734,756]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE285EFCDE691E9BB88" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[238,405,735,756]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruentata">R. cruentata</taxonomicName>
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–
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE284A7CDE69229BB88" baseAuthorityName="Hudson" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[422,597,734,756]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microdora">R. microdora</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, 0.047; and
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<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE28590CDC491C1BA6E" box="[145,445,765,786]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE28590CDC49158BA6E" baseAuthorityName="Hudson" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[145,292,765,786]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microdora">R. microdora</taxonomicName>
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–
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE28435CDC491C1BA6E" baseAuthorityName="Myers" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[308,445,765,786]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptomera">R. leptomera</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, 0.047. Average uncorrected intraspecific distances were near zero among populations of eastern NI
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE284CECC02921BBA33" baseAuthorityName="Myers" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[463,615,826,848]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptomera">
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<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE284CECC02921BBA33" box="[463,615,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">R. leptomera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and largest among populations of SI
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE284BECC609227BA12" baseAuthorityName="Hudson" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[447,603,857,878]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microdora">
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<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE284BECC609227BA12" box="[447,603,857,878]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">R. microdora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(≤ 0.040). As a whole,
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE285FBCC4191EFBAF0" baseAuthorityName="Hudson" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[250,403,887,909]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microdora">
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<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE285FBCC4191EFBAF0" box="[250,403,887,909]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">R. microdora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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had the greatest intraspecific average distance (0.019) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE284F0CCAE92F4BAD7" baseAuthorityName="Myers" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[497,648,918,940]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptomera">
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<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE284F0CCAE92F4BAD7" box="[497,648,918,940]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">R. leptomera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the least (0.003) (Supporting Information, Table S5).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36EBFFE0FFE28429CB34921EBD58" blockId="12.[296,610,1037,1062]" box="[296,610,1037,1062]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">MOLECULAR CLOCK DATING</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36EBFFE0FFE28590CB0F9286BC01" blockId="12.[145,763,1077,1896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">
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The *BEAST multispecies coalescent analysis estimated that
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE28446CB6D91A7BD15" box="[327,475,1108,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE28446CB6D91A7BD15" box="[327,475,1108,1129]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">Rhodopsalta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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diverged from its sister genera,
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE285F2CB4A91F6BDF4" authorityName="Dugdale" authorityYear="1972" box="[243,394,1139,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Maoricicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE285F2CB4A91F6BDF4" box="[243,394,1139,1160]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">Maoricicada</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE284CACB4A925ABDF4" box="[459,550,1139,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Kikihia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE284CACB4A925ABDF4" box="[459,550,1139,1160]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">Kikihia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, between ~5 and 20 Mya (mean 11.6 Mya; see interspecific divergence dates plotted in
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<figureCitation id="136F2A6EFFE0FFE28451CB8991EEBDB9" box="[336,402,1200,1222]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[164,244,1521,1543]" captionTargetBox="[163,1444,195,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-119@9.[154,1459,189,1494]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on 2284 bp of concatenated genes (5′ and 3′ cox1 and EF1α). Six partition subsets were used (by gene and codon position for each gene, respectively). Branch support values represent Bayesian posterior probabilities and RAXML bootstrap percentages from 1000 non-parametric pseudoreplicates. The number of parsimony-informative sites is 300. Grey boxes show mean divergence time estimates and 95% confidence intervals from the *BEAST analysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6985725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6985725/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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). The wide confidence interval reflects the uncertainty encoded in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE28751CBF692FDBD98" box="[592,641,1231,1252]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">cox1</emphasis>
|
||
molecular clock prior. The earliest split in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE28726CBD492CBBC7E" box="[551,695,1261,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE28726CBD492CBBC7E" box="[551,695,1261,1282]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">Rhodopsalta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade is the split between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE2847DCA34926FBC5D" baseAuthorityName="Hudson" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[380,531,1292,1314]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microdora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE2847DCA34926FBC5D" box="[380,531,1292,1314]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">R. microdora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the ancestor of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE28590CA129160BC3C" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[145,284,1323,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE28590CA129160BC3C" box="[145,284,1323,1344]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">R. cruentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE28450CA1291A3BC43" baseAuthorityName="Myers" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[337,479,1322,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptomera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE28450CA1291A3BC43" box="[337,479,1322,1344]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">R. leptomera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a mean estimate of 5.5 Mya (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A6EFFE0FFE285FBCA709145BC22" box="[250,313,1353,1375]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[164,244,1521,1543]" captionTargetBox="[163,1444,195,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-119@9.[154,1459,189,1494]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on 2284 bp of concatenated genes (5′ and 3′ cox1 and EF1α). Six partition subsets were used (by gene and codon position for each gene, respectively). Branch support values represent Bayesian posterior probabilities and RAXML bootstrap percentages from 1000 non-parametric pseudoreplicates. The number of parsimony-informative sites is 300. Grey boxes show mean divergence time estimates and 95% confidence intervals from the *BEAST analysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6985725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6985725/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE2844FCA709228BC22" baseAuthorityName="Myers" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[334,596,1353,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptomera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE2844FCA709228BC22" box="[334,596,1353,1374]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">Rhodopsalta leptomera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
diverged from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE28590CA509160BC02" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[145,284,1385,1406]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE28590CA509160BC02" box="[145,284,1385,1406]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">R. cruentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
between 0.8 and 3.6 Mya (mean 2.0 Mya).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36EBFFE0FFE285A8CABF94BCB8CE" blockId="12.[145,763,1077,1896]" lastBlockId="12.[809,1426,197,434]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">
|
||
Although *BEAST cannot be used to estimate dates within assumed populations (species), we present the dated mtDNA gene tree from this analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A6EFFE0FFE28768CAFD92DFBCA5" box="[617,675,1476,1498]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[161,240,1621,1643]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,1582]" captionTargetId="figure-101@13.[188,1129,195,1551]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. cox1 chronogram from the *BEAST multispecies coalescent analysis, showing divergence times for intraspecific haplotype clades as bars indicating the 95% highest posterior density intervals. Taxa with asterisks were missing cox1, and their positions within the species clades are determined by the EF1α gene tree." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6985737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6985737/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">Fig.7</figureCitation>
|
||
), which can be used to obtain approximate divergence times for geographically coherent intraspecific clades that might correspond to diverging, isolated populations (keeping in mind that this violates the *BEAST model assumptions, as discussed later in this paper). Note that mtDNA clade divergence dates necessarily overestimate any corresponding population splits to an unknown degree, which adds to the uncertainty (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B1AFFE0FFE284E4C9809297BFB2" author="Edwards SV & Beerli P" box="[485,747,1721,1743]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" pagination="1839 - 1854" refId="ref15950" refString="Edwards SV, Beerli P. 2000. Gene divergence, population divergence, and the variance in coalescence time in phylogeographic studies. Evolution 54: 1839 - 1854." type="journal article" year="2000">Edwards & Beerli, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The three deepest
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE28464C9E191EABF91" box="[357,406,1752,1773]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">cox1</emphasis>
|
||
subclades within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE28764C9E09285BF91" baseAuthorityName="Hudson" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[613,761,1752,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microdora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE28764C9E09285BF91" box="[613,761,1752,1774]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">R. microdora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
diverged during the Pliocene to early Pleistocene (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A6EFFE0FFE287CEC9CE90E3BE57" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[161,240,1621,1643]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,1582]" captionTargetId="figure-101@13.[188,1129,195,1551]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. cox1 chronogram from the *BEAST multispecies coalescent analysis, showing divergence times for intraspecific haplotype clades as bars indicating the 95% highest posterior density intervals. Taxa with asterisks were missing cox1, and their positions within the species clades are determined by the EF1α gene tree." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6985737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6985737/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The mean estimated divergence date for the split of the central-eastern SI clade from the ancestor of the Kaikoura and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F809FFE0FFE28436C86B91BBBE14" box="[311,455,1874,1896]" country="New Zealand" name="Hawke's Bay" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">Hawkes Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
clades is 2.8 Mya, and the mean estimated date for the Kaikoura/
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F809FFE0FFE281FCCFFC95ECB9A7" box="[1277,1424,197,219]" country="New Zealand" name="Hawke's Bay" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">Hawkes Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
split is 2 Mya, about the time
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE28186CFDD9565B985" baseAuthorityName="Myers" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[1159,1305,228,249]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptomera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE28186CFDD9565B985" box="[1159,1305,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">R. leptomera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
split from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE28628CE3A93C4B864" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[809,952,259,280]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE28628CE3A93C4B864" box="[809,952,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">R. cruentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. North Island
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE28164CE3A9489B864" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1125,1269,259,280]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE28164CE3A9489B864" box="[1125,1269,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">R. cruentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
split from SI
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D68FFE0FFE28628CE1B93CFB84B" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[809,947,290,311]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Rhodopsalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF9FFE0FFE28628CE1B93CFB84B" box="[809,947,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1231">R. cruentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
between 0.5 and 2.5 Mya (mean 0.9 Mya). These date estimates involve additional uncertainty, which is not reflected in the wide confidence intervals, owing to choice of priors and potential violations of model assumptions (see Discussion).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |