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<document id="7C597A9801B20F080866D9B5F516BCF4" ID-CLB-Dataset="300699" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.640.3.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="85ad1242-47e0-4d79-acf2-5b189dcffcdf" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13213681" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1722601553112" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Silva, Mariana B. A., Osti, João A. S., Bicudo, Denise C. &amp; Marquardt, Gisele C." docDate="2024" docId="03F72A42FFB4B527618639BD20A4FD71" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.640.3.5.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 640 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.640.3.5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Achnanthidium guarulhense M. B. A. Silva, Osti &amp; Marquardt, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="279" masterDocId="FFCE523AFFB6B523610E39492075FFC1" masterDocTitle="Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. (Achnanthidiaceae, Bacillariophyta), a new diatom species from a Conservation Unit in Southeast Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="283" masterPageNumber="275" pageNumber="277" updateTime="1724769879379" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="AE9064C9FD0D6334F5D5B9C5CFA8580A">Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. (Achnanthidiaceae, Bacillariophyta), a new diatom species from a Conservation Unit in Southeast Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D50B2CA44778B215EA43554D9694CE1F">Silva, Mariana B. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C64F6124A147E33027E37B2AEC30B72F">¹ Universidade de Guarulhos, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais. Praça Tereza Cristina 88, 07023 - 070 Guarulhos, SP, Brazil. ² Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P. O. Box 19031, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CF06EB689E2F6ED3D0311A8A143F17D5">Osti, João A. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E6E86054C8AFC08E41C3040F4C039D43">¹ Universidade de Guarulhos, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais. Praça Tereza Cristina 88, 07023 - 070 Guarulhos, SP, Brazil. ² Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P. O. Box 19031, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="52C6CA4ABE8F994C0EA9D46E2232DFA7">Bicudo, Denise C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="80C890B835ECE418BCC54E3EAADE0242">Marquardt, Gisele C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C772B9EFDC590DB2D916DD8142BDE852">¹ Universidade de Guarulhos, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais. Praça Tereza Cristina 88, 07023 - 070 Guarulhos, SP, Brazil. ² Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P. O. Box 19031, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil. &amp; ¹ Universidade de Guarulhos, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais. Praça Tereza Cristina 88, 07023 - 070 Guarulhos, SP, Brazil. ² Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P. O. Box 19031, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil. &amp; ¹ Universidade de Guarulhos, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais. Praça Tereza Cristina 88, 07023 - 070 Guarulhos, SP, Brazil. ² Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P. O. Box 19031, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03F72A42FFB4B527618639BD20A4FD71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213157" ID-GBIF-Taxon="237646857" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13213157" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F72A42FFB4B527618639BD20A4FD71" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F72A42FFB4B527618639BD20A4FD71" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5EE0D7FFB4B521618639BD2330FECF" authority="M.B.A.Silva, Osti &amp; Marquardt" authorityName="M. B. A. Silva, Osti &amp; Marquardt" box="[136,837,244,271]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="guarulhense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92A4746FFB4B521618639BD21A3FECE" bold="true" box="[136,470,244,271]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Achnanthidium guarulhense</emphasis>
M.B.A.Silva, Osti &amp; Marquardt
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,
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<emphasis id="B92A4746FFB4B521625E39BC23EAFECF" box="[848,927,245,270]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
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(
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B52162BB39BD245FFECF" box="[949,1066,244,270]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 140" captionStart-1="FIGURES 4149" captionStartId-0="2.[136,243,1543,1565]" captionStartId-1="3.[136,243,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1409,619,1487]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1356,190,1794]" captionTargetId-0="figure-173@2.[151,1436,619,1519]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@3.[151,1436,190,1797]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURES 140. LM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake, Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 129. LM views of raphe valves. 3037. LM views of rapheless valves. 3840. LM of girdle view. LM scale bar = 10 μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 4149. SEM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake,Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 41. SEM external view of raphe valve showing striation pattern, and axial and central areas. 4244. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 44. Note the detail of areolae occlusions. 4546. SEM external view of the rapheless valve. 47. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. 4849. SEM showing the girdle view. SEM scale bar = 3 μm; 44 =1 μm; 46, 49 = 4 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213683" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213685" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13213683/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13213685/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figs 149</figureCitation>
).
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C344C8DFFFB4B5276186387520A4FD71" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE19B54FFB4B5216186387522D4FD93" blockId="2.[136,1452,316,595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
Description—LM (
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B521606D387521A9FE97" box="[355,476,316,342]" captionStart="FIGURES 140" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1543,1565]" captionTargetBox="[151,1409,619,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-173@2.[151,1436,619,1519]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 140. LM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake, Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 129. LM views of raphe valves. 3037. LM views of rapheless valves. 3840. LM of girdle view. LM scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figs 140</figureCitation>
): Frustules are usually solitary, girdle view rectangular, slightly arched, with apices slightly recurved to the rapheless valve (
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B521635D382922A2FEBB" box="[595,727,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURES 140" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1543,1565]" captionTargetBox="[151,1409,619,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-173@2.[151,1436,619,1519]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 140. LM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake, Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 129. LM views of raphe valves. 3037. LM views of rapheless valves. 3840. LM of girdle view. LM scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figs 3840</figureCitation>
). Valve are linear-elliptic to linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, with broadly round to sub-rostrate ends (
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B521631E38CD22F6FE5F" box="[528,643,388,414]" captionStart="FIGURES 140" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1543,1565]" captionTargetBox="[151,1409,619,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-173@2.[151,1436,619,1519]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 140. LM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake, Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 129. LM views of raphe valves. 3037. LM views of rapheless valves. 3840. LM of girdle view. LM scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figs 137</figureCitation>
); 17.020.0 μm long and 3.04.0 μm wide (n= 40). Striae not discernible, except in the middle part of the valve where a few separated slightly radiated striae (25) become resolvable due to a wider spacing (
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B521603A388521DCFE27" box="[308,425,460,486]" captionStart="FIGURES 140" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1543,1565]" captionTargetBox="[151,1409,619,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-173@2.[151,1436,619,1519]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 140. LM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake, Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 129. LM views of raphe valves. 3037. LM views of rapheless valves. 3840. LM of girdle view. LM scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figs 137</figureCitation>
). Raphe valve (
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B5216357388522BAFE27" box="[601,719,460,486]" captionStart="FIGURES 140" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1543,1565]" captionTargetBox="[151,1409,619,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-173@2.[151,1436,619,1519]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 140. LM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake, Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 129. LM views of raphe valves. 3037. LM views of rapheless valves. 3840. LM of girdle view. LM scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figs 129</figureCitation>
): Raphe filiform straight. Axial area linear-lanceolate, expanding to a small apically a linear-elliptic central area located between the proximal raphe ends (
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B521656038B92497FDCB" box="[1134,1250,496,522]" captionStart="FIGURES 140" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1543,1565]" captionTargetBox="[151,1409,619,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-173@2.[151,1436,619,1519]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 140. LM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake, Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 129. LM views of raphe valves. 3037. LM views of rapheless valves. 3840. LM of girdle view. LM scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figs 129</figureCitation>
). Rapheless valve (
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B521619E3B5D2163FDEF" box="[144,278,532,558]" captionStart="FIGURES 140" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1543,1565]" captionTargetBox="[151,1409,619,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-173@2.[151,1436,619,1519]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 140. LM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake, Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 129. LM views of raphe valves. 3037. LM views of rapheless valves. 3840. LM of girdle view. LM scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figs 3037</figureCitation>
): slightly convex with a narrow and linear axial area (
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B52162883B5D247EFDEE" box="[902,1035,532,559]" captionStart="FIGURES 140" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1543,1565]" captionTargetBox="[151,1409,619,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-173@2.[151,1436,619,1519]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 140. LM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake, Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 129. LM views of raphe valves. 3037. LM views of rapheless valves. 3840. LM of girdle view. LM scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figs 31, 35</figureCitation>
, and 36), sometimes expanding to a small, elliptic central area (
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B52160B63B71224CFD93" box="[440,569,568,594]" captionStart="FIGURES 140" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1543,1565]" captionTargetBox="[151,1409,619,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-173@2.[151,1436,619,1519]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 140. LM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake, Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 129. LM views of raphe valves. 3037. LM views of rapheless valves. 3840. LM of girdle view. LM scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figs 30, 32</figureCitation>
, and 34).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE19B54FFB4B52161863F4E20DAF9A4" blockId="2.[136,1452,1543,1637]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="B92A4746FFB4B52161863F4E215AF9DD" bold="true" box="[136,303,1543,1565]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">FIGURES 140.</emphasis>
LM images of
<taxonomicName id="4C5EE0D7FFB4B52160CF3F4E22A5F9DD" box="[449,720,1543,1564]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="guarulhense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92A4746FFB4B52160CF3F4E22A5F9DD" box="[449,720,1543,1564]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Achnanthidium guarulhense</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B92A4746FFB4B52163D83F41236FF9DC" box="[726,794,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
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of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake, Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 129. LM views of raphe valves. 3037. LM views of rapheless valves. 3840. LM of girdle view. LM scale bar = 10 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE19B54FFB4B52161B33FDD22A1F847" blockId="2.[136,1452,1683,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
SEM (
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B521600B3FDA21F6F96F" box="[261,387,1683,1710]" captionStart="FIGURES 4149" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[154,1356,190,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1436,190,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4149. SEM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake,Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 41. SEM external view of raphe valve showing striation pattern, and axial and central areas. 4244. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 44. Note the detail of areolae occlusions. 4546. SEM external view of the rapheless valve. 47. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. 4849. SEM showing the girdle view. SEM scale bar = 3 μm; 44 =1 μm; 46, 49 = 4 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213685/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figs 41-49</figureCitation>
): Raphe valve slightly concave (
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B52163E53FDA231AF96F" box="[747,879,1683,1710]" captionStart="FIGURES 4149" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[154,1356,190,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1436,190,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4149. SEM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake,Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 41. SEM external view of raphe valve showing striation pattern, and axial and central areas. 4244. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 44. Note the detail of areolae occlusions. 4546. SEM external view of the rapheless valve. 47. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. 4849. SEM showing the girdle view. SEM scale bar = 3 μm; 44 =1 μm; 46, 49 = 4 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213685/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figs 4849</figureCitation>
). The rapheless valve slightly convex (
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B52164133FDA25D5F96F" box="[1309,1440,1683,1710]" captionStart="FIGURES 4149" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[154,1356,190,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1436,190,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4149. SEM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake,Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 41. SEM external view of raphe valve showing striation pattern, and axial and central areas. 4244. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 44. Note the detail of areolae occlusions. 4546. SEM external view of the rapheless valve. 47. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. 4849. SEM showing the girdle view. SEM scale bar = 3 μm; 44 =1 μm; 46, 49 = 4 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213685/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figs 4849</figureCitation>
). Distal raphe ends terminating after the last stria at the mantle (
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B521623F3FFE23F7F913" box="[817,898,1719,1746]" captionStart="FIGURES 4149" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[154,1356,190,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1436,190,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4149. SEM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake,Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 41. SEM external view of raphe valve showing striation pattern, and axial and central areas. 4244. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 44. Note the detail of areolae occlusions. 4546. SEM external view of the rapheless valve. 47. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. 4849. SEM showing the girdle view. SEM scale bar = 3 μm; 44 =1 μm; 46, 49 = 4 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213685/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
). Central and terminal raphe fissures straight (
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B52164703FFE20D2F937" captionStart="FIGURES 4149" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[154,1356,190,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1436,190,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4149. SEM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake,Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 41. SEM external view of raphe valve showing striation pattern, and axial and central areas. 4244. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 44. Note the detail of areolae occlusions. 4546. SEM external view of the rapheless valve. 47. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. 4849. SEM showing the girdle view. SEM scale bar = 3 μm; 44 =1 μm; 46, 49 = 4 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213685/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
). Striae uniseriate, radiate throughout,
<quantity id="4CA636B1FFB4B52163563F9222CEF934" box="[600,699,1755,1782]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.254999999999999" metricValueMax="8.89" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" unit="in" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">3035 in</quantity>
10 μm, composed of 34 rounded areolae (
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B52165903F922554F937" box="[1182,1313,1755,1782]" captionStart="FIGURES 4149" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[154,1356,190,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1436,190,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4149. SEM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake,Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 41. SEM external view of raphe valve showing striation pattern, and axial and central areas. 4244. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 44. Note the detail of areolae occlusions. 4546. SEM external view of the rapheless valve. 47. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. 4849. SEM showing the girdle view. SEM scale bar = 3 μm; 44 =1 μm; 46, 49 = 4 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213685/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figs 4147</figureCitation>
), sometimes with slit-like areolae near the valve margin (
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B521637E3FB62287F8DB" box="[624,754,1791,1818]" captionStart="FIGURES 4149" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[154,1356,190,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1436,190,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4149. SEM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake,Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 41. SEM external view of raphe valve showing striation pattern, and axial and central areas. 4244. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 44. Note the detail of areolae occlusions. 4546. SEM external view of the rapheless valve. 47. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. 4849. SEM showing the girdle view. SEM scale bar = 3 μm; 44 =1 μm; 46, 49 = 4 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213685/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figs 4147</figureCitation>
). Externally, axial area narrowly linear and silicified, widening towards the central area (
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B52160AC3E6A2180F8FF" box="[418,501,1827,1854]" captionStart="FIGURES 4149" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[154,1356,190,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1436,190,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4149. SEM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake,Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 41. SEM external view of raphe valve showing striation pattern, and axial and central areas. 4244. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 44. Note the detail of areolae occlusions. 4546. SEM external view of the rapheless valve. 47. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. 4849. SEM showing the girdle view. SEM scale bar = 3 μm; 44 =1 μm; 46, 49 = 4 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213685/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
). Internally, proximal raphe ends slightly curved in opposite directions (
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B52164123E6A25EAF8FF" box="[1308,1439,1827,1854]" captionStart="FIGURES 4149" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[154,1356,190,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1436,190,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4149. SEM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake,Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 41. SEM external view of raphe valve showing striation pattern, and axial and central areas. 4244. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 44. Note the detail of areolae occlusions. 4546. SEM external view of the rapheless valve. 47. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. 4849. SEM showing the girdle view. SEM scale bar = 3 μm; 44 =1 μm; 46, 49 = 4 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213685/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figs 4244</figureCitation>
), and distal raphe ends terminate as helictoglossae (
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B52163C23E0E2332F8A3" box="[716,839,1863,1890]" captionStart="FIGURES 4149" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[154,1356,190,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1436,190,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4149. SEM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake,Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 41. SEM external view of raphe valve showing striation pattern, and axial and central areas. 4244. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 44. Note the detail of areolae occlusions. 4546. SEM external view of the rapheless valve. 47. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. 4849. SEM showing the girdle view. SEM scale bar = 3 μm; 44 =1 μm; 46, 49 = 4 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213685/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Fig 4243</figureCitation>
). Areolae occluded with fine a hymen (
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B521641D3E0E251FF8A3" box="[1299,1386,1863,1890]" captionStart="FIGURES 4149" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[154,1356,190,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1436,190,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4149. SEM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake,Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 41. SEM external view of raphe valve showing striation pattern, and axial and central areas. 4244. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 44. Note the detail of areolae occlusions. 4546. SEM external view of the rapheless valve. 47. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. 4849. SEM showing the girdle view. SEM scale bar = 3 μm; 44 =1 μm; 46, 49 = 4 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213685/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
). The mantle has one row of slit-like areolae (
<figureCitation id="136587D1FFB4B521634A3E2222BDF847" box="[580,712,1899,1926]" captionStart="FIGURES 4149" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[154,1356,190,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1436,190,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4149. SEM images of Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake,Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 41. SEM external view of raphe valve showing striation pattern, and axial and central areas. 4244. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 44. Note the detail of areolae occlusions. 4546. SEM external view of the rapheless valve. 47. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. 4849. SEM showing the girdle view. SEM scale bar = 3 μm; 44 =1 μm; 46, 49 = 4 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213685/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figs 4849</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE19B54FFB4B52161B33ED9246EF833" blockId="2.[136,1452,1683,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
Type:
<materialsCitation id="3B369109FFB4B52160093ED92462F833" collectingDate="2020-06-01" collectionCode="UPCB" collectorName="Joao S. Osti &amp; Edna Ferreira &amp; Gisele C. Marquardt" country="Brazil" elevation="1500" latitude="-23.305555" location="Negro Lake" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-46.390556" municipality="Guarulhos" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" specimenCode="UPCB 105117" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F349DBC4FFB4B52160093ED92105F86B" box="[263,368,1936,1962]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
. State of
<collectingRegion id="499A55B6FFB4B52160EE3ED92222F868" box="[480,599,1935,1962]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B85012EFFB4B521636B3EC622A8F868" box="[613,733,1935,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Guarulhos</collectingMunicipality>
, phytoplankton from
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,
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,
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,
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<elevation id="00737C67FFB4B52161863EFA2094F80F" box="[136,225,1971,1998]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</elevation>
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,
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<collectingDate id="EFA4447CFFB4B52161FE3EFD210AF80F" box="[240,383,1972,1998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" value="2020-06-01">1 June 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, Collector(s):
<collectorName id="26ABFE82FFB4B521632D3EFD22C4F80C" box="[547,689,1971,1998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">João S. Osti</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26ABFE82FFB4B52163B13EFA232EF80C" box="[703,859,1971,1997]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Edna Ferreira</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26ABFE82FFB4B521628D3EFA2407F80C" box="[899,1138,1971,1998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Gisele C. Marquardt</collectorName>
. (
<typeStatus id="54E525F6FFB4B52165883EFA249FF80C" box="[1158,1258,1971,1997]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
here designated, permanent slide:
<specimenCode id="DBF8332FFFB4B52160473E91219AF833" box="[329,495,2007,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">UPCB 105117</specimenCode>
, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil, UPCB)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE19B54FFB5B52061863E5424E2F85E" blockId="3.[136,1452,1821,1951]" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">
<emphasis id="B92A4746FFB5B52061863E54214CF8F3" bold="true" box="[136,313,1821,1843]" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">FIGURES 4149.</emphasis>
SEM images of
<taxonomicName id="4C5EE0D7FFB5B52060DD3E542294F8F3" box="[467,737,1821,1842]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="3" pageNumber="278" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="guarulhense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92A4746FFB5B52060DD3E542294F8F3" box="[467,737,1821,1842]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">Achnanthidium guarulhense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219FA3DFFB5B52063EB3E57235BF8F2" box="[741,814,1822,1843]" pageId="3" pageNumber="278" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92A4746FFB5B52063EB3E57235DF8F2" box="[741,808,1822,1843]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
of the (UPCB 105117) holotype slide from Negro Lake, Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. 41. SEM external view of raphe valve showing striation pattern, and axial and central areas. 4244. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 44. Note the detail of areolae occlusions. 4546. SEM external view of the rapheless valve. 47. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. 4849. SEM showing the girdle view. SEM scale bar = 3 μm; 44 =1 μm; 46, 49 = 4 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE19B54FFB2B52761B339D72469FF79" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,688]" box="[189,1052,158,185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="279">
Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the
<typeStatus id="54E525F6FFB2B52763B739D6229CFF78" box="[697,745,159,185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="279">type</typeStatus>
locality, city of Guarulhos.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE19B54FFB2B52761B3398B2098FE51" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,688]" pageId="4" pageNumber="279">
Ecology and associated diatom flora: The new species is associated, among others, with
<taxonomicName id="4C5EE0D7FFB2B5276584398B2298FEC1" authority="(Grunow) Aboal &amp; P. C. Silva (2004: 361)" authorityName="Aboal &amp; P. C. Silva" authorityPageNumber="361" authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Grunow" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ulnaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="279" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="variety" species="delicatissima" variety="angustissima">
<emphasis id="B92A4746FFB2B5276584398B2508FF1D" box="[1162,1405,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="279">Ulnaria delicatissima</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B92A4746FFB2B527618639AE216FFEC1" box="[136,282,231,256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="279">angustissima</emphasis>
(Grunow) Aboal &amp; P.C.Silva (2004: 361)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5EE0D7FFB2B52763F539AF2480FEC1" authority="(Nitzsch) Compere (2001: 100)" authorityName="Compere" authorityPageNumber="100" authorityYear="2001" baseAuthorityName="Nitzsch" box="[763,1269,230,256]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ulnaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="279" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="ulna">
<emphasis id="B92A4746FFB2B52763F539AF23F8FEC1" box="[763,909,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="279">Ulnaria ulna</emphasis>
(Nitzsch) Compère (2001: 100)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5EE0D7FFB2B527640E39AF20DDFEE4" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="279" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B92A4746FFB2B527640E39AF25DEFEC1" box="[1280,1451,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="279">Achnanthidium</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5EE0D7FFB2B52761B738432356FEE4" authority="(Grunow) Simonsen (1979: 56)" authorityName="Simonsen" authorityPageNumber="56" authorityYear="1979" baseAuthorityName="Grunow" box="[185,803,266,293]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Aulacoseiraceae" genus="Aulacoseira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Aulacoseirales" pageId="4" pageNumber="279" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="ambigua">
<emphasis id="B92A4746FFB2B52761B7384321D9FEE5" box="[185,428,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="279">Aulacoseira ambigua</emphasis>
(Grunow)
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFE6A5FFB2B527632138432356FEE4" author="Simonsen, R." box="[559,803,266,293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="279" pagination="9 - 71" refId="ref6504" refString="Simonsen, R. (1979) The diatom system: ideas on phylogeny. Bacillaria 2: 9 - 71." type="journal article" year="1979">Simonsen (1979: 56)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C5EE0D7FFB2B527626A3843208BFE89" authority="(Tremarin, T. Ludwig, V. Becker &amp; Torgan)" baseAuthorityName="Tremarin, T. Ludwig, V. Becker &amp; Torgan" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Thalassiosiraceae" genus="Spicaticribra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="4" pageNumber="279" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rudis">
<emphasis id="B92A4746FFB2B527626A38432449FEE5" box="[868,1084,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="279">Spicaticribra rudis</emphasis>
(Tremarin, T.Ludwig, V.Becker &amp; Torgan)
</taxonomicName>
in A.
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFE6A5FFB2B5276030386723DDFE89" author="Tuji, A. &amp; Leelahakriengkrai, P. &amp; Peerapornpisal, Y." box="[318,936,302,328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="279" pagination="139 - 148" refId="ref6799" refString="Tuji, A., Leelahakriengkrai, P. &amp; Peerapornpisal, Y. (2012) Distribution and Phylogeny of Spicaticribra kingstonii - rudis Species Complex. Mem. National Museum of Nature and Science 48: 139 - 148." type="journal article" year="2012">Tuji, Leelahakriengkrai &amp; Peerapornpisal (2012: 146)</bibRefCitation>
. We cannot confirm whether
<emphasis id="B92A4746FFB2B527640E38672102FEAD" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="279">
<taxonomicName id="4C5EE0D7FFB2B527640E38672167FEAD" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="279" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="guarulhense" status="sp. nov.">Achnanthidium guarulhense</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219FA3DFFB2B5276010381A2102FEAD" box="[286,375,339,364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="279" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is a planktic diatom species since no other substratum (periphytic or benthic material) was sampled.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE19B54FFB2B52761B338D322DBFDE1" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,688]" pageId="4" pageNumber="279">
<emphasis id="B92A4746FFB2B52761B338D3223BFE75" box="[189,590,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="279">
<taxonomicName id="4C5EE0D7FFB2B52761B338D32182FE75" box="[189,503,410,436]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="279" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="guarulhense" status="sp. nov.">Achnanthidium guarulhense</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219FA3DFFB2B52760F238D2223BFE75" box="[508,590,411,436]" pageId="4" pageNumber="279" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was recorded in the phytoplankton community of a shallow lake with soil walls and bottom during the spring. The taxon was found representing 20% of the phytoplankton community. Cyanobacteria,
<taxonomicName id="4C5EE0D7FFB2B527618638AB2141FE3D" box="[136,308,482,508]" class="Chlorophyceae" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="4" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="class">Chlorophyceae</taxonomicName>
, and Trebouxiphyceae were the most abundant classes of the community and contributed 33%, 18%, and 15%, respectively, of the relative abundance.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE19B54FFB2B52761B33B6320A4FD71" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,688]" pageId="4" pageNumber="279">
The following limnological features were presented at the time of the sample: water temperature 19.17 ºC, pH 6.17, electrical conductivity 72.37 μS.
<superScript id="7C2B361CFFB2B52760F93B07225FFD9D" attach="left" box="[503,554,590,616]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="279">cm-1</superScript>
, dissolved oxygen
<quantity id="4CA636B1FFB2B52762063B07231CFDA8" box="[776,873,590,617]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.67" pageId="4" pageNumber="279" unit="mg" value="8.67">8.67 mg</quantity>
.L-
<superScript id="7C2B361CFFB2B527628B3B0723F9FD9D" attach="right" box="[901,908,590,604]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="279">1</superScript>
, turbidity 10.00 NTU, and Secchi transparency
<quantity id="4CA636B1FFB2B52761863B3B20A9FD4C" box="[136,220,626,653]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="4" pageNumber="279" unit="m" value="1.85">1.85 m</quantity>
. According to the trophic state index, Negro Lake is described as an oligo-mesotrophic system (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFE6A5FFB2B52764393B3B20B0FD71" author="Osti, J. A. S. &amp; Marquardt, G. C. &amp; Freitas, G. S. &amp; Rosini, E. F." pageId="4" pageNumber="279" pagination="98 - 114" refId="ref6150" refString="Osti, J. A. S., Marquardt, G. C., Freitas, G. S. &amp; Rosini, E. F. (2022) Water quality indicators in water bodies of Guarulhos State Forest, Southestern Brazil. In: Ferreira, M. L. (Ed.) Biogeochemistry and ecosystem services in Urban green-blue systems. ANAP, Tupa, pp. 98 - 114." type="book chapter" year="2022">
Osti
<emphasis id="B92A4746FFB2B527647F3B3A25D9FD4D" box="[1393,1452,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="279">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>