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<document id="C4C42C2CA5FB855A0797256B03EAF2BF" ID-CLB-Dataset="20773" ID-DOI="10.1111/syen.12522" ID-GBIF-Dataset="564eaad8-6245-4f42-9a88-42b97bf30807" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5975346" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1644003985773" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. &amp; Prebus, Matthew M." docDate="2022" docId="03B987A9437DFF91FF46F992FBA7DEA0" docLanguage="en" docName="systEnt.47.113-151.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Systematic Entomology 47" docTitle="Lasiini Ashmead 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="134" masterDocId="FF80FFD14372FF82FFF5FF95FF99D837" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="128" updateTime="1730916979833" updateUser="juliana">
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<mods:title id="DA3217EE219E549863E021718DCA4F93">Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1FC28ADFE2DE036D1043EEDE08CD371F">Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BEAB411E89A9E323C2000042BD724845">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. &amp; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EFF8030F64C0FD015D47E24F72820FCC">Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B472AFECCA26F15905BB3BECACE606D9">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. &amp; Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. &amp; Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E829D9166BDD1D9C323BDFFAF9303588">Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D53570A1110586CE3484245C7D9A14D8">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. &amp; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD437DFF8DFF46F992FE72DE2A" bold="true" box="[179,491,1543,1565]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">
Tribe 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C437DFF8DFF02F992FE72DE2A" ID-CoL="KXL" ID-ENA="72772" authority="Ashmead, 1905" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[247,491,1543,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">
Lasiini 
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E437DFF8DFEBFF992FE72DE2A" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[330,491,1543,1565]" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" pagination="381 - 384" part="37" refId="ref30701" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1905) A skeleton of a new arrangement of the families, subfamilies, tribes and genera of the ants, or the superfamily Formicoidea. The Canadian Entomologist, 37, 381 - 384." title="A skeleton of a new arrangement of the families, subfamilies, tribes and genera of the ants, or the superfamily Formicoidea" type="journal article" year="1905">Ashmead, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A437DFF8DFE0BF992FDDADE2B" box="[510,579,1543,1564]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Figs 6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A437DFF8DFDA6F992FDF8DE2B" box="[595,609,1543,1564]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">7</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A437DFF8DFD84F992FD2BDE2B" box="[625,690,1543,1564]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,184,1627,1647]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,226,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-8@18.[156,1423,225,1597]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the extant species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in full-face view; scale bars = 0.5 mm. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (MNHNB25217); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi &amp; Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975370/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">8A–K</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A437DFF8DFD37F992FD63DE2B" box="[706,762,1543,1564]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi &amp; Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">9A–J</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A437DFF8DFF54F9B0FF74DE0D" box="[161,237,1573,1594]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,184,1169,1189]" captionTargetBox="[307,1271,173,1137]" captionTargetId="figure-8@20.[306,1272,172,1138]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 10. Habitus images for the three new genera recognized in this study; scale bars = 0.25 mm. (A, B) Metalasius myrmidon gen.nov. comb.nov. (CASENT0906115); (C, D) †Metalasius pumilus gen.nov. comb.nov. (SMFBE1226); (E, F) †Sussudio gen.nov. comb.nov. (GZG-BST04646). Views: A = full-face; B, E = profile; C = laterally oblique facial; D, F = dorsal. Observe: (1) The compound eyes of Metalasius myrmidon and †M. pumilus are mid-set, and (2) †Sussudio gen.nov. has a distinctly-carinate propodeal foramen, vertical petiolar node and nongrooved (lateromedially convex) third abdominal tergite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975378/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">10A–D</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFF46F9D6FEF7DE6F" blockId="15.[161,767,1364,1714]" box="[179,366,1603,1624]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD437DFF8DFF46F9D6FEF1DE6F" box="[179,360,1603,1624]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">
Type genus. 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C437DFF8DFEDFF9D6FEF1DE6F" ID-CoL="5B7S" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[298,360,1603,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lasius</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A6534437DFF8DFF46F9F4FEE4DEA3" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFF46F9F4FEE4DEA3" blockId="15.[161,767,1364,1714]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD437DFF8DFF46F9F4FD83DE41" box="[179,538,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">
Included genus groups. 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C437DFF8DFE68F9F4FD83DE41" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1920" box="[413,538,1633,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cladomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cladomyrma</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C437DFF8DFDD2F9F4FDFCDE41" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[551,613,1633,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD437DFF8DFDD2F9F4FDFCDE41" box="[551,613,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Lasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C437DFF8DFD46F9F4FF5FDEA3" authorityName="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD437DFF8DFD46F9F4FF5FDEA3" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Metalasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C437DFF8DFF27F9EAFEA0DEA3" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[210,313,1663,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD437DFF8DFF27F9EAFEA0DEA3" box="[210,313,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Prenolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A6534437DFF8DFF46F908FB30DD7B" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFF46F908FEEBDE85" blockId="15.[161,767,1364,1714]" box="[179,370,1693,1714]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD437DFF8DFF46F908FEF5DE85" box="[179,364,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Definition (worker)</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFF5BF94DFE83DF3C" blockId="15.[174,767,1752,1863]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">
1. With characters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C437DFF8DFE6FF94DFD9EDEDA" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" box="[410,519,1752,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E437DFF8DFDBCF94DFD57DEDA" author="Bolton, B." box="[585,718,1752,1773]" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 370" part="71" refId="ref31502" refString="Bolton, B. (2003) Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 71, 1 - 370." title="Synopsis and classification of Formicidae" type="journal article" year="2003">Bolton, 2003</bibRefCitation>
and Note 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFF5BF881FE86DF70" blockId="15.[174,767,1752,1863]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">2. Mandible triangular, with 4–11 teeth; third tooth from apex reduced.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB9FF39FA0CD8E8" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">3. Dorsal mandibular groove, when present, running along lateral mandibular margin as seen in dorsal view (Note 2).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB9FF7DFB7CD8CA" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" box="[844,1253,232,253]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">4. Palp formula usually 6,4, less often 3,4.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB9FE93FB14D961" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">5. Frontal protuberance mediad antennal toruli with frontal carinae effaced, becoming broadly rounded posteriorly until continuous with face (Note 3).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB9FECAFAB7D943" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" box="[844,1326,351,372]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">6. Frontal protuberance raised above toruli or not.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB9FEE8FA17D9A5" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" box="[844,1422,381,402]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">7. Antennal toruli near or abutting posterior clypeal margin.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB9FE0EFB0AD987" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" box="[844,1171,411,432]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">8. Antenna 12-, 11-, or 8-merous.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB9FE2CFBC9DA3E" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">9. Compound eyes not enormous, that is, not longer than half the length of the head; eyes may be reduced to absent; long axis of eyes subparallel.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB5FD87FB30DA10" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" box="[832,1193,530,551]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">10. Ocelli present or absent (Note 4).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB5FDA5FB3ADA72" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" box="[832,1187,560,581]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">11. Metanotum differentiated or not.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB5FDDBFC60DAB6" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">12. Metapleural gland present, dorsal rim of metapleural gland curved inward.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB5FD1CFC47DA8B" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">13. Propodeal spiracle at or near posterolateral margin of propodeum.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB5FD50FAE2DAED" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" box="[832,1403,709,730]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">14. Propodeal spiracle circular to elliptical, not slit-shaped.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB5FD76FB8FDB66" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">15. Metacoxae wideset: Distance between mesocoxal bases less than between that between bases of metacoxae with mesosoma in ventral view and coxae oriented at right-angles to long axis of body.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB5FCCFFAEFDB58" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" box="[832,1398,858,879]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">16. Metatibiae without double row of ventral (inner) setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB5FCEDFA05DBFE" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">17. Petiolar foramen inprofile view low, not to barelyexceeding dorsal margin of metapleural gland, with or without dorsal margin or lip, but lip, when present, inconspicuous (Note 5).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB5FC47FB70DC33" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">18. Petiolar foramen in ventral view long, anterior margin exceeding metacoxal cavities anteriorly.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB5FB98FAA9DC77" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">19. Petiolar node conspicuously shorter than propodeum, not reaching dorsal surface of propodeum (Note 6).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB5FBDCFAFFDC4B" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">20. Petiolar apodeme (situated anteriorly on tergum) contiguous or nearly contiguous with petiolar node (Note 7).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB5FB10FAF9DCAD" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" box="[832,1376,1157,1178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">21. Petiolar sternum U-shaped in cross-section (Note 8).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB5FB37FAA2DC80" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" box="[832,1339,1186,1207]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">22. Abdominal segment III transverse sulcus absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB5FB55FBF4DD18" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">23. Base of abdominal segment III with or without complete tergosternal fusion lateral to helcium, free sclerites commencing distantly up segment or near helcium; tergum III overhanging petiole or not.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCB5FAA2FB30DD7B" blockId="15.[832,1436,172,1356]" box="[832,1193,1335,1356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">24. Proventriculus sepalous (Note 9).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A6534437DFF91FCCBFAE7FBA7DEA0" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCCBFAE7FB9CDDB0" blockId="15.[830,1437,1394,1863]" box="[830,1029,1394,1416]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD437DFF8DFCCBFAE7FC67DDBF" bold="true" box="[830,1022,1394,1416]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Notes on definition</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF8DFCCBFA05FC56DE0D" blockId="15.[830,1437,1394,1863]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD437DFF8DFCCBFA05FC1EDD92" box="[830,903,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Note 1.</emphasis>
The generic composition of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C437DFF8DFB2DFA05FA83DD92" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1240,1306,1424,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
has recently been reassessed following 
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E437DFF8DFB92FA3BFAAFDDF4" author="Blaimer, B. B. &amp; Brady, S. G. &amp; Schultz, T. R. &amp; Lloyd, M. W. &amp; Fisher, B. L. &amp; Ward, P. S." box="[1127,1334,1454,1475]" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" pagination="257" part="15" refId="ref31116" refString="Blaimer, B. B., Brady, S. G., Schultz, T. R., Lloyd, M. W., Fisher, B. L. &amp; Ward, P. S. (2015) Phylogenomic methods outperform traditional multi-locus approaches in resolving deep evolutionary history: a case study of formicine ants. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 15, 257." title="Phylogenomic methods outperform traditional multi-locus approaches in resolving deep evolutionary history: a case study of formicine ants" type="journal article" year="2015">
Blaimer 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD437DFF8DFB49FA3BFB76DDF4" box="[1212,1263,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E437DFF8DFA9CFA3BFC7DDDD6" author="Ward, P. S. &amp; Blaimer, B. B. &amp; Fisher, B. L." journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" pagination="343 - 357" part="4072" refId="ref39006" refString="Ward, P. S., Blaimer, B. B. &amp; Fisher, B. L. (2016) A revised phylogenetic classification of the ant subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with resurrection of the genera Colobopsis and Dinoponera. Zootaxa, 4072, 343 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / Zootaxa. 4072.3.4." title="A revised phylogenetic classification of the ant subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with resurrection of the genera Colobopsis and Dinoponera" type="journal article" year="2016">
Ward 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD437DFF8DFC97FA59FC0EDDD6" box="[866,919,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
. The tribal definition proposed here is thus revised relative to 
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E437DFF8DFBE4FA7FFB02DDC8" author="Bolton, B." box="[1041,1179,1514,1535]" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 370" part="71" refId="ref31502" refString="Bolton, B. (2003) Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 71, 1 - 370." title="Synopsis and classification of Formicidae" type="journal article" year="2003">Bolton (2003)</bibRefCitation>
. It includes new characters and recognizes that several former plagiolepidines belong in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C437DFF8DFC70F9B0FC52DE0D" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[901,971,1573,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF437DFF92FCCBF9D6FD41DE47" blockId="15.[830,1437,1394,1863]" lastBlockId="16.[151,758,1444,1863]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD437DFF8DFCCBF9D6FC13DE6F" box="[830,906,1603,1624]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Note 2.</emphasis>
Previous studies have not focused attention on the dorsal mandibular groove. Here it was observed that the groove, as seen with the mandible in dorsal view, runs along the outer margin of the mandible toward the mandibular apex in the Myrmelachistini, 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C437DFF8DFB8FF92FFB25DEF8" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1146,1212,1722,1743]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
and most Melophorini. This contrasts with the state observed in the ‘formicoform radiation’ (i.e., the clade that includes Camponotini, 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C437DFF8DFC97F881FC59DF1E" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[866,960,1812,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Formicini">Formicini</taxonomicName>
and Melophorini, along with the monotypic tribes Gesomyrmecini, Gigantiopini, Oecophyllini, and Santschiellini; see the section † 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4362FF92FE08FA31FDF4DD8E" authorityName="Grimaldi &amp; Agosti" authorityYear="2000" box="[509,621,1444,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Kyromyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FE08FA31FDF4DD8E" box="[509,621,1444,1465]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Kyromyrma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, an ancestral formicine, under the section ‘ 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FE2DFA57FDC7DDE0" box="[472,606,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Incertae sedis</emphasis>
in the Formicinae’ below). When the groove is present in the ‘formicoform radiation’, it is very close to the basal mandibular margin and is shortened, except in various plagiolepidines. The medial and shortened state may have arisen multiple times in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4362FF92FF02F9CEFECEDE47" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[247,343,1627,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Formicini">Formicini</taxonomicName>
, Plagiolepidini, and Camponotini clade.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6F66374362FF92FF62FB50FB3EDD69" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" startId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" targetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4362FF92FF62FB50FB3EDD69" blockId="16.[151,1428,1221,1374]" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FF62FB50FF4FDCEE" bold="true" box="[151,214,1221,1241]" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
Gross phenotypic synopsis of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4362FF92FDF9FB53FDD3DCEE" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[524,586,1222,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4362FF92FBDFFB53FB43DCEE" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1066,1242,1222,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cladomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hewitti">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FBDFFB53FB43DCEE" box="[1066,1242,1222,1241]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Cladomyrma hewitti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0173906); (B) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4362FF92FF4FFB74FEDDDCC3" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[186,324,1249,1268]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lasioides">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FF4FFB74FEDDDCC3" box="[186,324,1249,1268]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Lasius lasioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0906077); (C) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4362FF92FDD1FB74FD3ADCC3" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1922" box="[548,675,1249,1268]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citrinus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FDD1FB74FD3ADCC3" box="[548,675,1249,1268]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Lasius citrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0103542); (D) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4362FF92FC71FB74FBCFDCC3" baseAuthorityName="Llave" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[900,1110,1249,1268]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecocystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melliger">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FC71FB74FBCFDCC3" box="[900,1110,1249,1268]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Myrmecocystus melliger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0103518); (E) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4362FF92FAC0FB74FF74DD38" authorityName="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FAC0FB74FF74DD38" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Metalasius myrmidon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0903666); (F) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4362FF92FE3EFB69FD1DDD38" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[459,644,1276,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procera">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FE3EFB69FD1DDD38" box="[459,644,1276,1295]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Euprenolepis procera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0906260); (G) 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FC90FB69FB82DD38" box="[869,1051,1276,1295]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Nylanderia amblyops</emphasis>
(CASENT0007735); (H) 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FB08FB69FF4DDD1E" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Paraparatrechina albipes</emphasis>
(CASENT0178759); (I) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4362FF92FE59FA83FDE9DD1E" authorityName="LaPolla &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2014" box="[428,624,1302,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ankarana">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FE59FA83FDE9DD1E" box="[428,624,1302,1321]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Paratrechina ankarana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0454372); (J) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4362FF92FCBDFA83FC73DD1E" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[840,1002,1302,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imparis">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FCBDFA83FC73DD1E" box="[840,1002,1302,1321]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Prenolepis imparis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0179615); (K) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4362FF92FB3CFA83FA0ADD1E" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1922" box="[1225,1427,1302,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurops">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FB3CFA83FA0ADD1E" box="[1225,1427,1302,1321]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Pseudolasius amaurops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0106005); (L) 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FE9BFAA4FD90DD73" box="[366,521,1329,1348]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Zatania gibberosa</emphasis>
(CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4362FF92FF62F9EFFC48DE66" blockId="16.[151,758,1444,1863]" lastBlockId="16.[821,1427,1443,1863]" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FF62F9EFFF78DEB8" box="[151,225,1658,1679]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Note 3.</emphasis>
The ‘frontal protuberance’ is the region between the antennal toruli, which is raised relative to the regions of the face laterad the toruli. To some degree, development of this condition accounts for the ‘laterally directed’ torular condition of 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4362FF92FEC9F961FD03DF3E" authority="(Boudinot et al., 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Boudinot" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[316,666,1780,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Formicidae (
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4362FF92FE4CF961FD0ADF3E" author="Boudinot, B. E. &amp; Perrichot, V. &amp; Chaul, J. C. M." box="[441,659,1780,1802]" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" pagination="21 - 55" part="1005" refId="ref31850" refString="Boudinot, B. E., Perrichot, V. &amp; Chaul, J. C. M. (2020) † Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys, 1005, 21 - 55." title="† Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2020">
Boudinot 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FDE8F960FDC8DF3D" box="[541,593,1781,1802]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
, 2020
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In other formicine tribes, including the Melophorini (with 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4362FF92FD6EF886FD6FDF1F" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1892" box="[667,758,1811,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FD6EF886FD6FDF1F" box="[667,758,1811,1832]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Prolasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as an exception), the frontal protuberance is carinate above the toruli (
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FC3CFA36FC49DD8F" box="[969,976,1443,1464]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">i</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FC23FA36FC78DD8F" box="[982,993,1443,1464]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">e</emphasis>
., ‘frontal carinae are present’), with these carinae continuing as a sharp ridge until their posterior terminus. Within the 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4362FF92FBD7FA74FBFEDDC1" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1058,1127,1505,1526]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
, the frontal carinae are effaced; they are long in all groups except 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4362FF92FB40FA6AFAABDE23" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1920" box="[1205,1330,1535,1556]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cladomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FB40FA6AFAABDE23" box="[1205,1330,1535,1556]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Cladomyrma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while in the Plagiolepidini the carinae are short in all genera except 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4362FF92FCACF9A8FC52DE65" authorityName="Santschi" box="[857,971,1597,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anoplolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FCACF9A8FC52DE65" box="[857,971,1597,1618]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Anoplolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4362FF93FCC0F9CEFD68DF70" blockId="16.[821,1427,1443,1863]" lastBlockId="17.[197,767,1712,1863]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FCC0F9CEFCE6DE47" box="[821,895,1627,1648]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Note 4.</emphasis>
Ocellus presence–absence is arelatively weak character as expression of ocelli may be variable for genera in which ocelli are observed, such as 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4362FF92FB45F90CFB77DE99" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[1200,1262,1689,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FB45F90CFB77DE99" box="[1200,1262,1689,1710]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Lasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FAD4F90CFA14DE99" box="[1313,1421,1689,1710]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Nylanderia</emphasis>
. However, this statement is included as ocellus expression is a traditional character which is easy to evaluate and may have value for future works defining tribes wherein ocelli may be consistently present or absent. Within the 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4362FF92FABFF886FA16DF1F" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1354,1423,1811,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
, ocelli are always absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4362FF92FB76F8A7FA99DF70" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1920" box="[1155,1280,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cladomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FB76F8A7FA99DF70" box="[1155,1280,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Cladomyrma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4362FF92FAE1F8A7FA0ADF70" authorityName="Emery" box="[1300,1427,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4362FF92FAE1F8A7FA0ADF70" box="[1300,1427,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Euprenolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Emery, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4363FF93FEB5F925FD90DEF2" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1887" box="[320,521,1712,1733]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4363FF93FEB5F925FE27DEF2" box="[320,446,1712,1733]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="130">Pseudolasius</emphasis>
Emery
</taxonomicName>
, variably present among 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4363FF93FF30F944FDD7DED1" authority=", Paraparatrechina Donisthorpe" authorityName="Paraparatrechina Donisthorpe" box="[197,590,1745,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4363FF93FF30F944FE9ADED1" box="[197,259,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="130">Lasius</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4363FF93FEEEF944FE5DDED1" box="[283,452,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="130">Paraparatrechina</emphasis>
Donisthorpe
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4363FF93FD6DF944FED1DF31" pageId="17" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4363FF93FD6DF944FD66DED1" box="[664,767,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="130">Prenolepis</emphasis>
Mayr species
</taxonomicName>
, and consistently present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4363FF93FD91F964FD60DF31" authorityName="Wasmael" box="[612,761,1777,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecocystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4363FF93FD91F964FD60DF31" box="[612,761,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="130">Myrmecocystus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4363FF93FF30F887FE57DF11" authority="Motschoulsky" authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1863" box="[197,462,1809,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4363FF93FF30F887FED8DF10" box="[197,321,1810,1831]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="130">Paratrechina</emphasis>
Motschoulsky
</taxonomicName>
(except 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4363FF93FDD7F887FDF3DF10" authorityName="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[546,618,1810,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kohli">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4363FF93FDD7F887FDF3DF10" box="[546,618,1810,1831]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="130">P. kohli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see comments under 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4363FF93FEF4F8A7FEF1DF70" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[257,360,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4363FF93FEF4F8A7FEF1DF70" box="[257,360,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="130">Prenolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group), and 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4363FF93FDD5F8A7FDF3DF70" box="[544,618,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="130">Zatania</emphasis>
LaPolla 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4363FF93FD35F8A7FD68DF70" box="[704,753,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="130">et al.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6F66374363FF93FF54FA0DFEA4DE51" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="130" startId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" targetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4363FF93FF54FA0DFEA4DE51" blockId="17.[161,1437,1432,1638]" pageId="17" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4363FF93FF54FA0DFF46DD9B" bold="true" box="[161,223,1432,1452]" pageId="17" pageNumber="130">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
Some key features of the major clades of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4363FF93FD90FA0CFD3ADD9B" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[613,675,1433,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4363FF93FEE9FA21FE7BDDF0" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1887" box="[284,482,1460,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4363FF93FEE9FA21FE7BDDF0" box="[284,482,1460,1479]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="130">Pseudolasius breviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4363FF93FE8CFA5BFDD3DDD6" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1908" box="[377,586,1486,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecocystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimicus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4363FF93FE8CFA5BFDD3DDD6" box="[377,586,1486,1505]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="130">Myrmecocystus mimicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4363FF93FE27FA7CFDAFDDCB" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1887" box="[466,566,1513,1532]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4363FF93FE27FA7CFDAFDDCB" box="[466,566,1513,1532]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="130">P. breviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4363FF93FB56FA7CFA9FDDCB" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1908" box="[1187,1286,1513,1532]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecocystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimicus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4363FF93FB56FA7CFA9FDDCB" box="[1187,1286,1513,1532]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="130">M. mimicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4363FF93FE5AF996FDC3DE21" authorityName="Viereck" authorityYear="1903" box="[431,602,1539,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subumbratus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4363FF93FE5AF996FDC3DE21" box="[431,602,1539,1558]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="130">Lasius subumbratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4363FF93FF5DF9ADFEB0DE7C" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1921" box="[168,297,1592,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4363FF93FF5DF9ADFEB0DE7C" box="[168,297,1592,1611]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="130">Lasius turcicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4363FF91FCCBF925FD3BDDF2" blockId="17.[830,1436,1712,1863]" lastBlockId="19.[161,767,1423,1863]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="17" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4363FF93FCCBF925FC1EDEF2" box="[830,903,1712,1733]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="130">Note 5.</emphasis>
The conformation of the dorsal region of the petiolar foramen is newly described here. There is complex variation of the form across the subfamily, but it appears at least that the form observed in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4363FF93FB6BF884FB79DF11" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1182,1248,1809,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
is consistent; this form is also observed in the Myrmelachistini. In various lineages within the formicoform radiation, a raised and conspicuously carinate dorsal margin is observed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6F66374360FF90FF62F9CEFED6DF39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975370" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5975370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975370/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" startId="18.[151,184,1627,1647]" targetBox="[157,1422,226,1596]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4360FF90FF62F9CEFED6DF39" blockId="18.[151,1428,1627,1806]" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4360FF90FF62F9CEFF4FDE58" bold="true" box="[151,214,1627,1647]" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
Gross phenotypic synopsis of the extant species groups of 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4360FF90FD26F9C9FC93DE58" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[723,778,1628,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4360FF90FD26F9C9FC93DE58" box="[723,778,1628,1647]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Lasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in full-face view; scale bars = 0.5 mm. (A) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4360FF90FE87F9E2FE66DEBD" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[370,511,1655,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4360FF90FE87F9E2FE66DEBD" box="[370,511,1655,1674]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Lasius brunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0280440); (B) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4360FF90FD28F9E2FCEEDEBD" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[733,887,1655,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4360FF90FD28F9E2FCEEDEBD" box="[733,887,1655,1674]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Lasius fuliginosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0179898); (C) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4360FF90FBA3F9E2FB17DEBD" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[1110,1166,1655,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4360FF90FBA3F9E2FB17DEBD" box="[1110,1166,1655,1674]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Lasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nr. 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4360FF90FB5AF9E2FB45DEBD" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1199,1244,1655,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4360FF90FB5AF9E2FB45DEBD" box="[1199,1244,1655,1674]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0106128); (D) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4360FF90FF4FF904FF6BDE93" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[186,242,1681,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4360FF90FF4FF904FF6BDE93" box="[186,242,1681,1700]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Lasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nr. 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4360FF90FEE5F904FED0DE93" authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1958" box="[272,329,1681,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4360FF90FEE5F904FED0DE93" box="[272,329,1681,1700]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">atopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0234858); (E) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4360FF90FDD6F904FD26DE93" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[547,703,1681,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carniolicus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4360FF90FDD6F904FD26DE93" box="[547,703,1681,1700]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Lasius carniolicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0280471); (F) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4360FF90FC6DF904FB80DE93" baseAuthorityName="Roger" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[920,1049,1681,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claviger">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4360FF90FC6DF904FB80DE93" box="[920,1049,1681,1700]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Lasius claviger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0103542); (G) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4360FF90FB02F904FA0ADE93" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1893" box="[1271,1427,1681,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4360FF90FB02F904FA0ADE93" box="[1271,1427,1681,1700]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Lasius brevicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0280456); (H) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4360FF90FE85F939FD9CDE88" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1906" box="[368,517,1708,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearcticus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4360FF90FE85F939FD9CDE88" box="[368,517,1708,1727]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Lasius nearcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0104774); (I) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4360FF90FD2EF939FCF7DE88" baseAuthorityName="Provancher" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[731,878,1708,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallitarsis">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4360FF90FD2EF939FCF7DE88" box="[731,878,1708,1727]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Lasius pallitarsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0005405); (J) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4360FF90FBB0F939FB45DE88" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[1093,1244,1708,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aphidicola">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4360FF90FBB0F939FB45DE88" box="[1093,1244,1708,1727]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Lasius aphidicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0280468); (K) † 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4360FF90FF30F953FE11DEEE" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[197,392,1734,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4360FF90FF30F953FE11DEEE" box="[197,392,1734,1753]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Lasius schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHNB25217); (L) † 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4360FF90FDA2F953FC1CDEEE" authority="(AMNH-NJ 1029)" baseAuthorityName="AMNH-NJ" baseAuthorityYear="1029" box="[599,901,1734,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Kyromyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neffi">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4360FF90FDA2F953FD7DDEEE" box="[599,740,1734,1753]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Kyromyrma neffi</emphasis>
(AMNH-NJ1029)
</taxonomicName>
. (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi &amp; Vincent Perrichot.)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6F66374361FF91FF54FB3DFD9BDD6C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" startId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" targetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4361FF91FF54FB3DFD9BDD6C" blockId="19.[161,1438,1192,1371]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FF54FB3DFF46DC8B" bold="true" box="[161,223,1192,1212]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FD5BFB3CFD7CDC8B" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[686,741,1193,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FD5BFB3CFD7CDC8B" box="[686,741,1193,1212]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Lasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FDCDFB56FD5DDCE1" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[568,708,1219,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FDCDFB56FD5DDCE1" box="[568,708,1219,1238]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Lasius brunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0280440); (B) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FC54FB56FBA3DCE1" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[929,1082,1219,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FC54FB56FBA3DCE1" box="[929,1082,1219,1238]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Lasius fuliginosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0179898); (C) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FAEDFB56FAC9DCE1" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[1304,1360,1219,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FAEDFB56FAC9DCE1" box="[1304,1360,1219,1238]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Lasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nr. 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FA9AFB56FA05DCE1" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1391,1436,1219,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FA9AFB56FA05DCE1" box="[1391,1436,1219,1238]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0106128); (D) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FE8EFB4BFE2ADCC6" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[379,435,1246,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FE8EFB4BFE2ADCC6" box="[379,435,1246,1265]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Lasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nr. 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FE26FB4BFD95DCC6" authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1958" box="[467,524,1246,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FE26FB4BFD95DCC6" box="[467,524,1246,1265]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">atopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0234858); (E) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FD1CFB4BFC1FDCC6" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[745,902,1246,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carniolicus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FD1CFB4BFC1FDCC6" box="[745,902,1246,1265]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Lasius carniolicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0280471); (F) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FB97FB4BFB7DDCC6" baseAuthorityName="Roger" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1122,1252,1246,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claviger">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FB97FB4BFB7DDCC6" box="[1122,1252,1246,1265]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Lasius claviger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0103542); (G) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FF37FB6CFEC7DD3B" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1893" box="[194,350,1273,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FF37FB6CFEC7DD3B" box="[194,350,1273,1292]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Lasius brevicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0280456); (H) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FDCCFB6CFD54DD3B" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1906" box="[569,717,1273,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearcticus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FDCCFB6CFD54DD3B" box="[569,717,1273,1292]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Lasius nearcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0104774); (I) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FC55FB6CFBA8DD3B" baseAuthorityName="Provancher" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[928,1073,1273,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallitarsis">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FC55FB6CFBA8DD3B" box="[928,1073,1273,1292]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Lasiuspallitarsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0005405); (J) 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FAF0FB6CFA05DD3B" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[1285,1436,1273,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aphidicola">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FAF0FB6CFA05DD3B" box="[1285,1436,1273,1292]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Lasius aphidicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0280468); (K) † 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FE7EFA86FDC8DD11" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[395,593,1299,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FE7EFA86FDC8DD11" box="[395,593,1299,1318]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Lasius schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HJF013); (L) † 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FD12FA86FB82DD11" authority="(AMNH-NJ 1029)" baseAuthorityName="AMNH-NJ" baseAuthorityYear="1029" box="[743,1051,1299,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Kyromyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neffi">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FD12FA86FCEEDD11" box="[743,887,1299,1318]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Kyromyrma neffi</emphasis>
(AMNH-NJ1029)
</taxonomicName>
. (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi &amp; Vincent Perrichot.)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4361FF91FF54FA45FD4BDE72" blockId="19.[161,767,1423,1863]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FF54FA45FF61DDD2" box="[161,248,1488,1509]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Note 6.</emphasis>
Short petiolar nodes are also observed in the Myrmelachistini and Plagiolepidini (excluding 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FF30F985FEAEDE12" authorityName="Santschi" box="[197,311,1552,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anoplolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FF30F985FEAEDE12" box="[197,311,1552,1573]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Anoplolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The node height is variable in the Melophorini, being short in 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FEBBF9A4FE30DE71" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1892" box="[334,425,1585,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FEBBF9A4FE30DE71" box="[334,425,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Prolasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FE22F9A4FD4BDE72" authority="Andre." authorityName="Andre" box="[471,722,1584,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FE22F9A4FD10DE71" box="[471,649,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Myrmecorhynchus</emphasis>
André.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4361FF91FF54F9C4FE74DEB1" blockId="19.[161,767,1423,1863]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FF54F9C4FF7FDE51" box="[161,230,1617,1638]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Note 7.</emphasis>
The apodeme is clearly separated from the node in most Melophorini, except 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FE79F9E4FE7EDEB1" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1892" box="[396,487,1649,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FE79F9E4FE7EDEB1" box="[396,487,1649,1670]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Prolasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4361FF91FF54F904FE05DF70" blockId="19.[161,767,1423,1863]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FF54F904FF7CDE91" box="[161,229,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Note 8.</emphasis>
A U-shaped petiolar sternum was used by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4361FF91FD8CF904FD66DE91" author="Bolton, B." box="[633,767,1681,1702]" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 370" part="71" refId="ref31502" refString="Bolton, B. (2003) Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 71, 1 - 370." title="Synopsis and classification of Formicidae" type="journal article" year="2003">Bolton (2003)</bibRefCitation>
to diagnose the lasiine tribe group. This trait also occurs in the Myrmelachistini, Myrmoteratini Emery, Plagiolepidini, and four Melophorini (
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FE57F967FD82DF30" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1895" box="[418,539,1778,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FE57F967FD82DF30" box="[418,539,1778,1799]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Lasiophanes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FDD2F967FD1BDF30" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1892" box="[551,642,1778,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FDD2F967FD1BDF30" box="[551,642,1778,1799]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Prolasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FD7BF967FD61DF30" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1902" box="[654,760,1778,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stigmacros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FD7BF967FD61DF30" box="[654,760,1778,1799]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Stigmacros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FF30F887FED4DF10" authorityName="McAreavey" authorityYear="1957" box="[197,333,1810,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Teratomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FF30F887FED4DF10" box="[197,333,1810,1831]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Teratomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); see ‘Ancestral state estimation’ results above and Figure S15.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4361FF91FCCBFA05FBA7DEA0" blockId="19.[830,1437,1423,1687]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FCCBFA05FC1DDD92" box="[830,900,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Note 9.</emphasis>
The proventriculus is weakly sepalous in 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FAECFA05FA0FDD92" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1920" box="[1305,1430,1424,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cladomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FAECFA05FA0FDD92" box="[1305,1430,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Cladomyrma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The form of the proventriculus forms a natural division between the Plagiolepidini and the ‘plagiolepidiform’ 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FC97FA7EFC50DE37" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[866,969,1515,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FC97FA7EFC50DE37" box="[866,969,1515,1536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Prenolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group, as observed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4361FF91FAFFFA7FFA00DDC8" author="Emery, C." box="[1290,1433,1514,1535]" journalOrPublisher="Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 302" part="183" refId="ref33484" refString="Emery, C. (1925) Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum, 183, 1 - 302." title="Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae" type="journal article" year="1925">Emery (1925)</bibRefCitation>
. Due to uncertainty about the polarity of the sepalous condition – and whether this form arose multiple times (
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4361FF91FC9CF9D0FC7CDE6D" author="Eisner, T." box="[873,997,1605,1626]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" pagination="439 - 490" part="8" refId="ref33323" refString="Eisner, T. (1957) A comparative morphological study of the proventriculus of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 8, 439 - 490." title="A comparative morphological study of the proventriculus of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1957">Eisner, 1957</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4361FF91FC1BF9D0FBF2DE6D" author="Agosti, D." box="[1006,1131,1605,1626]" journalOrPublisher="Actes Colloques Insectes Sociaux" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" pagination="295 - 303" part="6" refId="ref30601" refString="Agosti, D. (1990) What makes the Formicini the Formicini? Actes Colloques Insectes Sociaux, 6, 295 - 303." title="What makes the Formicini the Formicini?" type="journal article" year="1990">Agosti, 1990</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4361FF91FB80F9D0FB3FDE6D" author="Agosti, D." box="[1141,1190,1605,1626]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" pagination="293 - 310" part="16" refId="ref30626" refString="Agosti, D. (1991) Revision of the oriental ant genus Cladomyrma, with an outline of the higher classification of the Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 16, 293 - 310." title="Revision of the oriental ant genus Cladomyrma, with an outline of the higher classification of the Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
) – 
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4361FF91FB3DF9D0FAD6DE6D" author="Bolton, B." box="[1224,1359,1605,1626]" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 370" part="71" refId="ref31502" refString="Bolton, B. (2003) Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 71, 1 - 370." title="Synopsis and classification of Formicidae" type="journal article" year="2003">Bolton (2003)</bibRefCitation>
lumped the two plagiolepidiform clades, plus the Myrmelachistini, into the Plagiolepidini.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A65344367FF97FF54FEC2FE9DD9BC" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4367FF97FF54FEC2FE9DD9BC" blockId="21.[161,766,343,395]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<heading id="D0E781D34367FF97FF54FEC2FE9DD9BC" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FF54FEC2FE9DD9BC" bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
Key to extant genera of 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4367FF97FE65FEC2FE4FD95A" ID-CoL="KXL" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[400,470,343,365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
and primary clades of 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4367FF97FD48FEC2FD67D95B" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[701,766,343,364]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FD48FEC2FD67D95B" bold="true" box="[701,766,343,364]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Lasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(workers)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A65344367FF97FF44FE06FA05DDE8" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="key">
<key id="FF81618E4367FF97FF44FE06FA05DDE8" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<keyStep id="30E42E1A4367FF97FF44FE06FD66DBBF" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4367FF97FF44FE06FD66DA4D" blockId="21.[177,768,403,904]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<keyLead id="30E1958A4367FF97FF44FE06FD66DA4D" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FF44FE06FF5DD99E" bold="true" box="[177,196,403,425]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">1.</emphasis>
Antenna with eight antennomeres. Mesonotum, metanotum, and propodeum more-or-less continuous, and metanotum undifferentiated (
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4367FF97FDC4FE5AFD1FD9D3" box="[561,646,463,484]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Propodeal spiracle distinctly situated in dorsal third of propodeum. Frontal carinae inconspicuous, being extremely short (
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FF16FDBCFF6ADA08" box="[227,243,553,575]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">&lt;</emphasis>
0.5 × anteroposterior antennal torulus diameter) or absent .............................................. ... 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4367FF97FEF0FDF0FE1CDA4D" ID-CoL="3QDZ" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1920" box="[261,389,613,634]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cladomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FEF0FDF0FE1CDA4D" bold="true" box="[261,389,613,634]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Cladomyrma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4367FF97FE64FDF0FDAFDA4D" author="Agosti, D." box="[401,566,613,634]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="293 - 310" part="16" refId="ref30626" refString="Agosti, D. (1991) Revision of the oriental ant genus Cladomyrma, with an outline of the higher classification of the Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 16, 293 - 310." title="Revision of the oriental ant genus Cladomyrma, with an outline of the higher classification of the Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1991">seeAgosti, 1991</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4367FF97FDCAFDF0FD6CDA4D" author="Agosti, D. &amp; Moog, J. &amp; Maschwitz, U." box="[575,757,613,634]" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="1 - 24" part="3283" refId="ref30666" refString="Agosti, D., Moog, J. &amp; Maschwitz, U. (1999) Revision of the oriental plant-ant genus Cladomyrma. American Museum Novitates, 3283, 1 - 24." title="Revision of the oriental plant-ant genus Cladomyrma" type="journal article" year="1999">
Agosti 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FD70FDF0FD2FDA4D" box="[645,694,613,634]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">etal.</emphasis>
, 1999
</bibRefCitation>
).
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4367FF97FF40FD16FD66DBBF" blockId="21.[177,768,403,904]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<keyLead id="30E1958A4367FF97FF40FD16FD66DBBF" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FF40FD16FF58DAAE" bold="true" box="[181,193,643,665]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">–</emphasis>
Antenna with 11 or 12 antennomeres. Mesonotum, metanotum, and/or propodeum discontinuous, and metanotum differentiated (
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4367FF97FE04FD2AFD30DAE3" box="[497,681,703,724]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6A–G, I–L</figureCitation>
), rarely mesosomal dorsum continuous and metanotum undifferentiated (few 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FE89FD6EFDBCDB27" box="[380,549,763,784]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Paraparatrechina</emphasis>
) (
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4367FF97FDC9FD6EFD12DB27" box="[572,651,763,784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
). Propodeal spiracle situated somewhat below or above midheight of propodeum, but not in dorsal third. Frontal carinae conspicuous (≥1.0 × anteroposterior antennal torulus diameter) .................... .................... 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FD06FCE7FD66DBBF" bold="true" box="[755,767,882,904]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">2</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30E42E1A4367FF97FF44FC05FD66DE0D" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4367FF97FF44FC05FC99DCE6" blockId="21.[177,768,912,1594]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<keyLead id="30E1958A4367FF97FF44FC05FC99DCE6" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FF44FC05FF5ADB91" bold="true" box="[177,195,912,934]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">2.</emphasis>
Petiole posteriorly elongated. Node reduced, apex not or barely projecting dorsally above metapleural gland when observed in profile view (
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4367FF97FE25FC58FDA0DBD5" box="[464,569,973,994]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6F–L</figureCitation>
). Abdominal tergum IV with anterolateral corners directed anterodorsally from helcium and forming lateral margins of concavity, which receives entire posterior region of petiole when gaster raised (
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4367FF97FED1FBD1FEEADC6E" box="[292,371,1092,1113]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
); petiole largely obscured by abdominal tergum IV in dorsal view. Facial region between antennal toruli flat, effaced frontal carinae not raised above toruli (
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4367FF97FF17FB0BFEA9DC84" box="[226,304,1182,1203]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
)........................... 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FDA0FB0BFE81DCE5" bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4367FF97FDA0FB0BFD27DC84" ID-CoL="6VK5" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[597,702,1182,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FDA0FB0BFD27DC84" bold="true" box="[597,702,1182,1203]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Prenolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group
</emphasis>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4367FF97FEBFFB29FD91DCE6" author="LaPolla, J. S. &amp; Kallal, R. J. &amp; Brady, S. G." box="[330,520,1212,1234]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="200 - 214" part="37" refId="ref35441" refString="LaPolla, J. S., Kallal, R. J. &amp; Brady, S. G. (2012) A new ant genus from the greater Antilles and Central America, Zatania (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), exemplifies the utility of male and molecular character systems. Systematic Entomology, 37, 200 - 214." title="A new ant genus from the greater Antilles and Central America, Zatania (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), exemplifies the utility of male and molecular character systems" type="journal article" year="2012">
LaPolla 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FE6FFB28FE52DCE5" box="[410,459,1213,1234]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">etal.</emphasis>
, 2012
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4367FF97FDE7FB29FD6CDCE6" author="LaPolla, J. S. &amp; Fisher, B. L." box="[530,757,1212,1233]" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="35 - 48" part="422" refId="ref35347" refString="LaPolla, J. S. &amp; Fisher, B. L. (2014) Then there were five: a reexamination of the ant genus Paratrechina (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys, 422, 35 - 48." title="Then there were five: a reexamination of the ant genus Paratrechina (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2014">LaPolla &amp; Fisher, 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4367FF97FF40FB4FFD66DE0D" blockId="21.[177,768,912,1594]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<keyLead id="30E1958A4367FF97FF40FB4FFD66DE0D" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FF40FB4FFF58DCC7" bold="true" box="[181,193,1242,1264]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">–</emphasis>
Petiole without posterior elongation. Node squamiform, not reduced, apex projecting dorsally above metapleural gland when observed in profile view (
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4367FF97FF17FAA1FECFDD7E" box="[226,342,1332,1353]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6B–E</figureCitation>
). Abdominal tergum IV with anterolateral corners weakly or not raised anterodorsally from helcium, corners not forming lateral margins of concavity and not concealing entire posterior region of petiole when gaster raised (
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4367FF97FDE7FA39FDF0DDF6" box="[530,617,1452,1473]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
); petiole visible in dorsal view, not obscured by abdominal tergum IV. Facial region between antennal toruli bulging to concave, frontal carinae raised above toruli (
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4367FF97FF17F9B1FEB4DE0E" box="[226,301,1572,1593]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
) .......................................... 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FD06F9B1FD66DE0D" bold="true" box="[755,767,1572,1594]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">3</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4367FF97FF44F9D7FEBDDF70" blockId="21.[177,767,1602,1863]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<keyLead id="30E1958A4367FF97FF44F9D7FEBDDF70" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<keyStep id="30E42E1A4367FF97FF44F9D7FEBDDF70" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FF44F9D7FF5ADE6F" bold="true" box="[177,195,1602,1624]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">3.</emphasis>
Eyes situated in anterior half of head as measured in full-face view (
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4367FF97FE8AF9F5FE78DE42" box="[383,481,1632,1653]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,184,1169,1189]" captionTargetBox="[307,1271,173,1137]" captionTargetId="figure-8@20.[306,1272,172,1138]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 10. Habitus images for the three new genera recognized in this study; scale bars = 0.25 mm. (A, B) Metalasius myrmidon gen.nov. comb.nov. (CASENT0906115); (C, D) †Metalasius pumilus gen.nov. comb.nov. (SMFBE1226); (E, F) †Sussudio gen.nov. comb.nov. (GZG-BST04646). Views: A = full-face; B, E = profile; C = laterally oblique facial; D, F = dorsal. Observe: (1) The compound eyes of Metalasius myrmidon and †M. pumilus are mid-set, and (2) †Sussudio gen.nov. has a distinctly-carinate propodeal foramen, vertical petiolar node and nongrooved (lateromedially convex) third abdominal tergite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975378/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
). Metapleural gland orifice reduced, with opening directed posteriorly. Propodeal spiracle situated in lower half of propodeum in profile view. Antennomere III broader than long. Hypostoma lacking carina along lateral margins ................... ......................... 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FE1AF963FD2DDF3C" bold="true" box="[495,692,1781,1803]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4367FF97FE1AF963FDC2DF3C" authority="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus, 2022" authorityName="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[495,603,1782,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FE1AF963FDC2DF3C" bold="true" box="[495,603,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Metalasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64367FF97FD94F960FD2DDF3C" box="[609,692,1781,1803]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" rank="genus">gen.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(notall states observable for † 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4367FF97FE3AF881FDDCDF1E" authorityName="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[463,581,1812,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FE3AF881FDDCDF1E" box="[463,581,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">M. pumilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FDA1F886FD53DF1E" bold="true" box="[596,714,1811,1833]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64367FF97FDA1F886FD53DF1E" box="[596,714,1811,1833]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, see below).
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4367FF97FCA6FF39FA05D943" blockId="21.[851,1437,172,372]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<keyLead id="30E1958A4367FF97FCA6FF39FA05D943" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FCA6FF39FCC6D8F5" bold="true" box="[851,863,172,194]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">–</emphasis>
Eyes situated in posterior half of head as measured in full-face view (
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4367FF97FBE7FF5FFBC9D8E8" box="[1042,1104,202,223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi &amp; Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Metapleural gland orifice small to very large, opening laterally as well as posteriorly. Propodeal spiracle situated at or above midheight of propodeum in profile view. Antennomere III usually longer than broad. Hypostoma with carina along lateral margins ...................... 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FB45FECBFA05D943" bold="true" box="[1200,1436,350,372]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
4 (
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4367FF97FB3FFECAFA92D943" ID-CoL="5B7S" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[1226,1291,351,372]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FB3FFECAFA92D943" bold="true" box="[1226,1291,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Lasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group).
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<keyStep id="30E42E1A4367FF97FCBAFEE9FA05DBF0" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4367FF97FCBAFEE9FA04DAAA" blockId="21.[847,1437,380,968]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<keyLead id="30E1958A4367FF97FCBAFEE9FA04DAAA" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FCBAFEE9FCF8D9A5" bold="true" box="[847,865,380,402]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">4.</emphasis>
Maxillary palpomeres III and IV strongly flattened and greatly elongated, length of each exceeds length of apical antennomere. Ventral surface of head with psammophore, that is, margined by long setae (
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4367FF97FAC8FE43FA0BD9DC" box="[1341,1426,470,491]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). Mesothorax and metathorax elongated, mesonotum meeting metanotum at very low angle (
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4367FF97FB3AFD84FA86DA11" box="[1231,1311,529,550]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). Compound eyes set at or near extreme posterior margin of head in full-face view; eyes often separated from this border by 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FC62FDFFFC3EDAB7" box="[919,935,618,640]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">&lt;</emphasis>
1 eye diameter .................................. ............ 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4367FF97FC09FD1DFB0CDAAA" ID-CoL="5WLW" authorityName="Wasmael" box="[1020,1173,648,669]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecocystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FC09FD1DFB0CDAAA" bold="true" box="[1020,1173,648,669]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Myrmecocystus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4367FF97FB32FD1DFACDDAAA" author="Snelling, R. R." box="[1223,1364,648,669]" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Bulletin" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="1 - 163" part="24" refId="ref38344" refString="Snelling, R. R. (1976) A Revision of the Honey Ants, Genus Myrmecocystus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Bulletin, 24, 1 - 163." title="A Revision of the Honey Ants, Genus Myrmecocystus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1976">Snelling, 1976</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4367FF97FAABFD1DFA0BDAAA" author="Snelling, R. R." box="[1374,1426,648,669]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="69 - 86" part="81" refId="ref38384" refString="Snelling, R. R. (1982) A revision of the honey ants, genus Myrmecocystus, first supplement (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 81, 69 - 86." title="A revision of the honey ants, genus Myrmecocystus, first supplement (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
).
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4367FF97FCA6FD33FA05DBF0" blockId="21.[847,1437,380,968]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<keyLead id="30E1958A4367FF97FCA6FD33FA05DBF0" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FCA6FD33FCC6DA8B" bold="true" box="[851,863,678,700]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">–</emphasis>
Maxillary palpomeres III and IV circular to elliptical in cross-section and not elongated, length of each is less than length of apical antennomere. Ventral surface of head without psammophore (
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4367FF97FAEFFD6AFA08DB23" box="[1306,1425,767,788]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6B, C</figureCitation>
). Mesothorax not elongated and metathorax very rarely elongated, mesonotum usually meeting metanotum at steep angle (
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4367FF97FC08FCCCFBE8DB59" box="[1021,1137,857,878]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6B, C</figureCitation>
). Compound eyes set further away from posterior head margin in full-face view; eyes usually separated from this border by
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FAA5FC01FAF9DB9D" box="[1360,1376,916,938]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">&gt;</emphasis>
1 eye diameter.................................. 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FAC6FC27FA0FDBFF" bold="true" box="[1331,1430,946,968]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
5 (
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4367FF97FAB8FC27FA17DBF0" ID-CoL="5B7S" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[1357,1422,946,967]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FAB8FC27FA17DBF0" bold="true" box="[1357,1422,946,967]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Lasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30E42E1A4367FF97FCBAFC5AFA05DDE8" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4367FF97FCBAFC5AFA05DCC6" blockId="21.[847,1437,975,1503]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<keyLead id="30E1958A4367FF97FCBAFC5AFA05DCC6" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FCBAFC5AFCF8DBD2" bold="true" box="[847,865,975,997]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">5.</emphasis>
Metapleural gland enlarged internally, atrium (internal chamber of gland) bulging (forming bulla) and conspicuously visible from external view in profile (
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4367FF97FACDFB9EFA1FDC17" box="[1336,1414,1035,1056]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
)*. Usually, distance between atrium and propodeal spiracle 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FC8CFBD3FC10DC6B" box="[889,905,1094,1116]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">&lt;</emphasis>
2 spiracular diameters as viewed with spiracle and gland in same plane of focus (
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4367FF97FBA9FBF1FB3FDC4E" box="[1116,1190,1124,1145]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
). Compound eyes usually somewhat- to very-reduced; 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FB7EFB17FB03DCAF" bold="true" box="[1163,1178,1154,1176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">if</emphasis>
compound eye large, 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FA9AFB17FA05DCAF" bold="true" box="[1391,1436,1154,1176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">then</emphasis>
offset basal tooth present on mandible 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FB05FB35FA8EDC81" bold="true" box="[1264,1303,1184,1206]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">and</emphasis>
body yellowish brown........................................... ................................ 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FB2CFB4EFA05DCC6" bold="true" box="[1241,1436,1243,1265]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4367FF97FB2CFB4EFAC3DCC7" ID-CoL="3SGWW" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1241,1370,1243,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FB2CFB4EFAC3DCC7" bold="true" box="[1241,1370,1243,1264]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Lasiusflavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade.
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4367FF97FCA6FB6CFA05DDE8" blockId="21.[847,1437,975,1503]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<keyLead id="30E1958A4367FF97FCA6FB6CFA05DDE8" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FCA6FB6CFCC6DD38" bold="true" box="[851,863,1273,1295]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">–</emphasis>
Metapleural gland small, atrium flat to concave, inconspicuous from external view in profile (
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4367FF97FAC9FA82FA08DD1B" box="[1340,1425,1303,1324]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
). Usually, distance between atrium and propodeal spiracle
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FC59FAC7FC25DD5F" box="[940,956,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">&gt;</emphasis>
2 spiracular diameters as viewed with spiracle and gland in same plane of focus (
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4367FF97FB0EFAE5FAD4DDB2" box="[1275,1357,1392,1413]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
). Compound eyes relatively large 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FB5EFA1BFB4BDD93" bold="true" box="[1195,1234,1422,1444]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">and</emphasis>
offset basal tooth absent; 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FC39FA39FC42DDF5" bold="true" box="[972,987,1452,1474]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">if</emphasis>
offset basal tooth present, 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FAFCFA39FAAFDDF5" bold="true" box="[1289,1334,1452,1474]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">then</emphasis>
body jet black ............................. 
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FB15FA5CFA05DDE8" bold="true" box="[1248,1436,1481,1503]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4367FF97FB15FA5CFAC2DDE9" ID-CoL="3SGXX" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1248,1371,1481,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FB15FA5CFAC2DDE9" bold="true" box="[1248,1371,1481,1502]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Lasiusniger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade.
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A65344367FF97FCCBFA68FB62DE5C" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4367FF97FCCBFA68FB62DE5C" blockId="21.[830,1436,1533,1643]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
*Note: The enlarged state of the metapleural gland bulla is a defining synapomorphy of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4367FF97FB93F98EFB07DE07" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1126,1182,1563,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FB93F98EFB07DE07" box="[1126,1182,1563,1584]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">flavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade. Aslightly enlarged bulla is observable in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4367FF97FBCAF9ADFB31DE7A" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1087,1192,1592,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FBCAF9ADFB31DE7A" box="[1087,1192,1592,1613]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">fuliginosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group, but these jet-coloured ants are otherwise highly distinct.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>