237 lines
35 KiB
XML
237 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="299A9984DDAABE94D243A7F0FD00C178" ID-CLB-Dataset="304917" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2807.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="480d2c1f-2e99-4069-baa8-9fb13eec5be2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14017098" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="diego" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1629715029146" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Quah, Evan, Grismer, L. Lee, Muin, Mohd Abdul & Anuar, Shahrul" docDate="2011" docId="039E4F55F65FFFFE879F7405340AF2CB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02807p064.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2807" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ansonia penangensis Stocliczka 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="FFA7372DF65DFFFB8708706F363FF007" masterDocTitle="Re-discovery and Re-description of Ansonia penangensis Stoliczka, 1870 (Anura: Bufonidae) from Penang Island, Malaysia" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1730371988851" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="5EF46A5B746ACE8DA9D91C5E10EF4A70">Re-discovery and Re-description of Ansonia penangensis Stoliczka, 1870 (Anura: Bufonidae) from Penang Island, Malaysia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="16F97C4F8133C75E55EEAA5DB2B36CF3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C8105230B4EA95383DDBC7FFF61E494F">Quah, Evan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7B425FB621046E98CE278C4287E3C11E">School of Biological Sciences, Univesiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia. E-mail: evanquah @ yahoo. com, sanuar @ usm. my Department of Biology, La Sierra University, 4500 Riverwalk Parkway, Riverside, California, 92515 - 8247 USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E9C14F44279FA34DD4FF83107A3BECE1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CE39AF61CF83D3835EF321B3D1871256">Grismer, L. Lee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="AE18403172ECCB80117803AF0BC0D5ED">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="276E1DDBAAE0A810CA7A96A7972C2A9B">Muin, Mohd Abdul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D0A76CCD20FC8DB7A12406FAC55A015A">Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia. E-mail: mamuin @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AEED2A43F7E7D59DF174AF527FD9E4A5">Anuar, Shahrul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F2DF93554BF1F476B0417FAB8C6A1F91">School of Biological Sciences, Univesiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia. E-mail: evanquah @ yahoo. com, sanuar @ usm. my Department of Biology, La Sierra University, 4500 Riverwalk Parkway, Riverside, California, 92515 - 8247 USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="544AB048DF68A6A1CC6E91CA6846995A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4580438C6E8FE0B3356CCB475C7E2E2B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2938193EE5C3DD40A609A1E01C459528">
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<mods:date id="05A460E623B2B4C1868E4F6EFA7F3181">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7177A6445BE2D84764F7F9CEA98748C2">2011-04-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BFAEC07BA9DE94B2AE85D3F148238404">2807</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9BFD276F85EABEDFC6EDFEC8687FDEA4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.2807.1.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039E4F55F65FFFFE879F7405340AF2CB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14017102" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14017102" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E4F55F65FFFFE879F7405340AF2CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E4F55F65FFFFE879F7405340AF2CB" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection id="C32DADC8F65FFFF9879F74053717F483" box="[151,296,1130,1156]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B88FE43F65FFFF9879F74053717F483" blockId="2.[151,296,1130,1156]" box="[151,296,1130,1156]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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<heading id="D0C0492FF65FFFF9879F74053717F483" bold="true" box="[151,296,1130,1156]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3785C0F65FFFF9879F74053717F483" ID-CoL="679Y3" authority="Stoliczka, 1870" authorityName="Stocliczka" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,296,1130,1156]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ansonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis">
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<emphasis id="B9432251F65FFFF9879F74053717F483" bold="true" box="[151,296,1130,1156]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Description</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32DADC8F65FFFF9879F74DE32C5F72A" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B88FE43F65FFFF9879F74DE3359F60A" blockId="2.[151,1436,1201,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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All specimens collected were subadult (<
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<quantity id="4CCF53A6F65FFFF9857974DE34FFF4CE" box="[625,704,1201,1225]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
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SVL), as adult
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<taxonomicName id="4C3785C0F65FFFF9847C74DE3222F4CE" authorityName="Stocliczka" authorityYear="1870" box="[884,1053,1201,1225]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ansonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis">
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<emphasis id="B9432251F65FFFF9847C74DE3222F4CE" box="[884,1053,1201,1225]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">A. penangensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may reach
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<quantity id="4CCF53A6F65FFFF983AA74DE3339F4CE" box="[1186,1286,1201,1225]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.72" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="37.2">37.2 mm</quantity>
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SVL (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA683B2F65FFFF9825A74DE36EDF4EA" author="Dring" firstAuthor="Dring" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" pagination="181 - 241" refId="ref4754" refString="Dring, J. C. M. (1979) Amphibians and reptiles from northern Trengganu, Malaysia, with description of two new geckoes: Cnemaspis and Cyrtodactylus. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), 34, 181 - 241." type="journal article" year="1979">Dring, 1979</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA683B2F65FFFF987D674BA379BF4EA" author="Wood" box="[222,420,1237,1261]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wood" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" pagination="321 - 340" refId="ref5894" refString="Wood, P. L. Jr., Grismer, L. L., Norhayati A. & Juliana S. (2008) Two new species of torrent-dwelling toads Ansonia Stoliczka, 1870 (Anura: Bufonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Herpetologica, 64, 321 - 340." type="journal article" year="2008">
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Wood
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<emphasis id="B9432251F65FFFF9862F74B9375FF4EA" box="[295,352,1237,1261]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The limbs and digits are slender; the head is wider than the body; the snout projects over the lower jaw; and the tympanum is visible. No longitudinal bony ridges are present in the interorbital space of the head. The dorsal surface of the limbs and body is tuberculate, covered with small, rounded tubercles that lack a keratinized tip; the tubercles are not arranged in rows; no enlarged tubercles along the dorsolateral fold, temporal or scapular regions or at angles of the jaw. The ventral surfaces of the belly and throat are coarsely granular; the granules are more widely spaced on the ventral surface of the limbs. The fingers are long, slender, unwebbed; have narrowly rounded tips not wider than other phalanges, and not forming discs. The first finger is shorter than second; the tip of the first finger does not reach the base of tip of second when adpressed. Toes slender with rounded tips; do not form discs; the third, fourth and fifth toes have 1.5 phalanges free of webbing. Tarsal ridges are absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88FE43F65FFFF987CF767632C5F72A" blockId="2.[151,1436,1201,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="B9432251F65FFFF987CF76763770F635" bold="true" box="[199,335,1561,1586]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" reason="1">Coloration.</emphasis>
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In life, dorsal surfaces are nearly uniformly black with small warts; small orange spots occur along the flank near the base of the limbs (more pronounced on hind leg); a white spot is present below the eye and two white warts occur at the base of the jaw; the upper portion of the limbs are prominently barred in orange (orange barring formed by a confluence of orange spots;
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<figureCitation id="130CE2C6F65FFFF9841F76EA35BDF69A" box="[791,898,1669,1693]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1905,1928]" captionTargetBox="[210,1358,195,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[210,1358,195,1875]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. (a) Ansonia penangensis (USMHC 0001) from Penang Hill, Penang, West Malaysia (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (b) Ventral view of Ansonia penangensis (USMHC 0001) (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (c) Tadpole of Ansonia penangensis clinging onto rock in stream of fast flowing stream (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (d) Partially metamorphosed froglet of Ansonia penangensis (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (e) Natural habitat of Ansonia penangensis (photo: Evan Quah S.H.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14017100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14017100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Figure 1a</figureCitation>
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). The ventral surfaces are gray with white spotting on the gular region but none on the forelimb; heavy, white spotting on the belly but only light spotting on the ventral surface of hind limbs (
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<figureCitation id="130CE2C6F65FFFF986E376A23464F6E2" box="[491,603,1741,1765]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1905,1928]" captionTargetBox="[210,1358,195,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[210,1358,195,1875]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. (a) Ansonia penangensis (USMHC 0001) from Penang Hill, Penang, West Malaysia (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (b) Ventral view of Ansonia penangensis (USMHC 0001) (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (c) Tadpole of Ansonia penangensis clinging onto rock in stream of fast flowing stream (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (d) Partially metamorphosed froglet of Ansonia penangensis (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (e) Natural habitat of Ansonia penangensis (photo: Evan Quah S.H.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14017100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14017100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Figure 1b</figureCitation>
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). The iris is uniformly red. The smaller specimens (USMHC 0002 0004) look similar to the largest specimen (USMHC 0001) in all aspects of morphology, the only difference being that the spotting on the belly and barring on the limbs are not as pronounced and the colors are not as bright.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32DADC8F65FFFFF87CF775637B8F747" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8B88FE43F65FFFFF87CF775637B8F747" blockId="2.[151,1436,1201,2017]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,1760,2036]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="B9432251F65FFFF987CF775637BAF755" bold="true" box="[199,389,1849,1874]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" reason="1">Natural history.</emphasis>
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All individuals were collected between 1900 2100 h, following periods of afternoon precipitation. All specimens were found on the ground amongst leaf litter near a trail in evergreen forest with a thin canopy and gaps in the canopy, approximately
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<quantity id="4CCF53A6F65FFFF9858B77EE34F4F79E" box="[643,715,1921,1945]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
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from a river (
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<figureCitation id="130CE2C6F65FFFF9846177EE35C5F79E" box="[873,1018,1921,1945]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1905,1928]" captionTargetBox="[210,1358,195,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[210,1358,195,1875]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. (a) Ansonia penangensis (USMHC 0001) from Penang Hill, Penang, West Malaysia (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (b) Ventral view of Ansonia penangensis (USMHC 0001) (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (c) Tadpole of Ansonia penangensis clinging onto rock in stream of fast flowing stream (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (d) Partially metamorphosed froglet of Ansonia penangensis (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (e) Natural habitat of Ansonia penangensis (photo: Evan Quah S.H.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14017100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14017100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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Figure 1e;
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</figureCitation>
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05.44º,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE039884F65FFFF9835077ED32F6F79E" box="[1112,1225,1921,1945]" degrees="100.28" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" precision="555" value="100.28">E 100.28º</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CCF53A6F65FFFF983DE77EE3322F79E" box="[1238,1309,1921,1945]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.63" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="263.0">263 m</quantity>
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elevation). Tadpoles were found, clinging onto the rocks in fast flowing portions of the river (
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<figureCitation id="130CE2C6F65FFFF9833677CA3293F7BA" box="[1086,1196,1957,1981]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1905,1928]" captionTargetBox="[210,1358,195,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[210,1358,195,1875]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. (a) Ansonia penangensis (USMHC 0001) from Penang Hill, Penang, West Malaysia (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (b) Ventral view of Ansonia penangensis (USMHC 0001) (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (c) Tadpole of Ansonia penangensis clinging onto rock in stream of fast flowing stream (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (d) Partially metamorphosed froglet of Ansonia penangensis (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (e) Natural habitat of Ansonia penangensis (photo: Evan Quah S.H.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14017100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14017100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Figure 1c</figureCitation>
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). These observations are similar to the remarks made by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA683B2F65FFFF9852B77A634D6F7E6" author="Boulenger, G. A." bookContentInfo="294 pp." box="[547,745,1993,2017]" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refId="ref4687" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1912) A Vertebrate Fauna of the Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus Kra to Singapore Including the Adjacent Islands. Taylor and Francis, London, 294 pp." title="A Vertebrate Fauna of the Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus Kra to Singapore Including the Adjacent Islands" type="book" year="1912">Boulenger (1912)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA683B2F65FFFF9841777A635FFF7E6" author="Flower" box="[799,960,1993,2017]" firstAuthor="Flower" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" pagination="885 - 916" refId="ref4801" refString="Flower, S. S. (1899) Notes on a second collection of reptiles made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 600 - 696, 885 - 916." type="journal article" year="1899">Flower (1899)</bibRefCitation>
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who noted the tadpoles of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3785C0F65FFFF983E777A633A6F7E6" authorityName="Stocliczka" authorityYear="1870" box="[1263,1433,1993,2017]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ansonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis">
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<emphasis id="B9432251F65FFFF983E777A633A6F7E6" box="[1263,1433,1993,2017]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">A. penangensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be found in swift-flowing hill-streams. A partially metamorphosed froglet was also observed (
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<figureCitation id="130CE2C6F659FFFF83E2768F3365F6FF" box="[1258,1370,1760,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1905,1928]" captionTargetBox="[210,1358,195,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[210,1358,195,1875]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. (a) Ansonia penangensis (USMHC 0001) from Penang Hill, Penang, West Malaysia (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (b) Ventral view of Ansonia penangensis (USMHC 0001) (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (c) Tadpole of Ansonia penangensis clinging onto rock in stream of fast flowing stream (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (d) Partially metamorphosed froglet of Ansonia penangensis (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (e) Natural habitat of Ansonia penangensis (photo: Evan Quah S.H.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14017100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14017100/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Figure 1d</figureCitation>
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). The tadpole and the partially metamorphosed froglet were not collected, but these findings indicate breeding by
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<taxonomicName id="4C3785C0F659FFFF8243776A36C6F747" authorityName="Stocliczka" authorityYear="1870" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ansonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis">
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<emphasis id="B9432251F659FFFF8243776A36C6F747" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">A. penangensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in this river.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF48AECBF65EFFF8879F771E3244F7E4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14017100" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14017100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14017100/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" startId="3.[151,250,1905,1928]" targetBox="[210,1358,195,1875]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88FE43F65EFFF8879F771E3244F7E4" blockId="3.[151,1436,1905,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9432251F65EFFF8879F771E372CF78F" bold="true" box="[151,275,1905,1928]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
(a)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3785C0F65EFFF88634771E342DF780" authorityName="Stocliczka" authorityYear="1870" box="[316,530,1905,1927]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ansonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9432251F65EFFF88634771E342DF780" box="[316,530,1905,1927]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Ansonia penangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USMHC 0001) from Penang Hill, Penang, West Malaysia (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (b) Ventral view of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3785C0F65EFFF8863477FF342DF7A1" authorityName="Stocliczka" authorityYear="1870" box="[316,530,1936,1958]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ansonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9432251F65EFFF8863477FF342DF7A1" box="[316,530,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Ansonia penangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USMHC 0001) (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (c) Tadpole of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3785C0F65EFFF8836277FF337EF7A1" authorityName="Stocliczka" authorityYear="1870" box="[1130,1345,1936,1958]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ansonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9432251F65EFFF8836277FF337EF7A1" box="[1130,1345,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Ansonia penangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clinging onto rock in stream of fast flowing stream (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (d) Partially metamorphosed froglet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3785C0F65EFFF883D077C0368DF7E4" authorityName="Stocliczka" authorityYear="1870" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ansonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9432251F65EFFF883D077C0368DF7E4" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Ansonia penangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (e) Natural habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3785C0F65EFFF8859477A2354DF7E4" authorityName="Stocliczka" authorityYear="1870" box="[668,882,1997,2019]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ansonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9432251F65EFFF8859477A2354DF7E4" box="[668,882,1997,2019]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Ansonia penangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(photo: Evan Quah S.H.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF48AECBF659FFFF879F764D350EF6B3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14017104" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14017104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14017104/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" startId="4.[151,250,1570,1593]" targetBox="[151,1436,182,1559]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88FE43F659FFFF879F764D350EF6B3" blockId="4.[151,1436,1570,1716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9432251F659FFFF879F764D372BF63E" bold="true" box="[151,276,1570,1593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
(a) Dorsal view of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3785C0F659FFFF86EC764C3483F63E" authorityName="Stocliczka" authorityYear="1870" box="[484,700,1571,1593]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ansonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9432251F659FFFF86EC764C3483F63E" box="[484,700,1571,1593]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Ansonia penangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tadpole (USMHC 0005) (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (b) Ventral view of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3785C0F659FFFF879F762D374DF65F" authorityName="Stocliczka" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,370,1602,1624]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ansonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9432251F659FFFF879F762D374DF65F" box="[151,370,1602,1624]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Ansonia penangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tadpole (USMHC 0005) (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (c) Mouthparts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3785C0F659FFFF8363762D3379F65F" authorityName="Stocliczka" authorityYear="1870" box="[1131,1350,1602,1624]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ansonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9432251F659FFFF8363762D3379F65F" box="[1131,1350,1602,1624]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Ansonia penangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tadpole (USMHC 0005) (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (d) Mouthparts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3785C0F659FFFF840C760F35E5F671" authorityName="Stocliczka" authorityYear="1870" box="[772,986,1632,1654]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ansonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9432251F659FFFF840C760F35E5F671" box="[772,986,1632,1654]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Ansonia penangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tadpole (USMHC 0006) (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (e)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3785C0F659FFFF87F376103787F692" authorityName="Inger" authorityYear="1960" box="[251,440,1663,1685]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ansonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malayana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9432251F659FFFF87F376103787F692" box="[251,440,1663,1685]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Ansonia malayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Maxwell’s Hill, Perak, West Malaysia (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (f)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3785C0F659FFFF83AE761033A3F692" authorityName="Wood, Grismer, Ahmad & Senawi" authorityYear="2008" box="[1190,1436,1663,1685]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ansonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jeetsukumarani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9432251F659FFFF83AE761033A3F692" box="[1190,1436,1663,1685]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Ansonia jeetsukumarani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Fraser’s Hill, Pahang, West Malaysia (photo: L.L. Grismer).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DADC8F659FFFE87CF7722340AF2CB" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88FE43F659FFFE87CF7722340AF2CB" blockId="4.[151,1436,1760,2036]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,716]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9432251F659FFFF87CF77223712F762" bold="true" box="[199,301,1869,1893]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" reason="1">Tadpole.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3785C0F659FFFF863C7722341DF763" authorityName="Stocliczka" authorityYear="1870" box="[308,546,1869,1893]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ansonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9432251F659FFFF863C7722341DF763" box="[308,546,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Ansonia penangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the only species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3785C0F659FFFF843A772235B1F762" authorityName="Stoliczka" authorityYear="1870" box="[818,910,1869,1893]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ansonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9432251F659FFFF843A772235B1F762" box="[818,910,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Ansonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found at the collection site, and the only larval form found. Provisionally, these tadpoles (USMHC 0005 0010) are assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3785C0F659FFFF834F771F32CBF78F" authorityName="Stocliczka" authorityYear="1870" box="[1095,1268,1904,1928]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ansonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9432251F659FFFF834F771F32CBF78F" box="[1095,1268,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">A. penangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The tadpoles closely match the description of tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3785C0F659FFFF858177FA350CF7AB" authorityName="Stocliczka" authorityYear="1870" box="[649,819,1941,1965]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ansonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9432251F659FFFF858177FA350CF7AB" box="[649,819,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">A. penangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA683B2F659FFFF84AC77FB3251F7AB" author="Boulenger, G. A." bookContentInfo="294 pp." box="[932,1134,1940,1964]" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refId="ref4687" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1912) A Vertebrate Fauna of the Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus Kra to Singapore Including the Adjacent Islands. Taylor and Francis, London, 294 pp." title="A Vertebrate Fauna of the Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus Kra to Singapore Including the Adjacent Islands" type="book" year="1912">Boulenger (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The tadpoles had an average total length (TL) of
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF53A6F659FFFF86A177D7342FF7D7" box="[425,528,1976,2000]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.81" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="28.1">28.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, body length (BL) of
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF53A6F659FFFF840F77D73566F7D7" box="[775,857,1976,2000]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="8.1">8.1mm</quantity>
|
||
, body height (BH) of
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF53A6F659FFFF835B77D7329BF7D7" box="[1107,1188,1976,2000]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7mm</quantity>
|
||
, maximum tail height (MTH) of
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF53A6F659FFFF860777B3375EF7F3" box="[271,353,2012,2036]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail muscular height (TMH) of
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF53A6F659FFFF85C677B33520F7F3" box="[718,799,2012,2036]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1mm</quantity>
|
||
, body width (BW) of
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF53A6F659FFFF831377B33252F7F3" box="[1051,1133,2012,2036]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6mm</quantity>
|
||
, internarial distance (IND) of
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF53A6F658FFFE87BD70F83739F0A8" box="[181,262,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2mm</quantity>
|
||
, eyes to nare distance (END) of
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF53A6F658FFFE856770F834FFF0A8" box="[623,704,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7mm</quantity>
|
||
, eye to tip of snout distance (ES) of
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF53A6F658FFFE835C70F83299F0A8" box="[1108,1190,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9mm</quantity>
|
||
, eye diameter (ED) of
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF53A6F658FFFE879F70D336D9F0D3" box="[151,230,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7mm</quantity>
|
||
and inter-orbital distance (IOD) of
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF53A6F658FFFE857170D334F3F0D3" box="[633,716,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6mm</quantity>
|
||
. Viewed dorsally; the headbody is teardrop-shaped; the snout is very broadly rounded and widest just before the eyes and the body is dorso-ventrally flattened in lateral view. The eye-nares distance is similar to the the eye diameter; the internarial distance is narrower than the interorbital distance. The body starts to taper slightly behind the eyes; before narrowing abruptly posteriorly towards the tail. The eyes are located on top of the head; the nares are closer to the eyes than to the tip of the snout (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130CE2C6F658FFFE83A771233362F163" box="[1199,1373,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1570,1593]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1559]" captionTargetId="figure-222@4.[151,1436,182,1559]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. (a) Dorsal view of Ansonia penangensis tadpole (USMHC 0005) (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (b) Ventral view of Ansonia penangensis tadpole (USMHC 0005) (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (c) Mouthparts of Ansonia penangensis tadpole (USMHC 0005) (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (d) Mouthparts of Ansonia penangensis tadpole (USMHC 0006) (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (e) Ansonia malayana from Maxwell’s Hill, Perak, West Malaysia (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (f) Ansonia jeetsukumarani from Fraser’s Hill, Pahang, West Malaysia (photo: L.L. Grismer)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14017104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14017104/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Figure 2a & 2b</figureCitation>
|
||
). The oral disc is ventral and slightly narrower than the maximum width of the body. Both labia are broadly expanded and the anterior labium is separated by grove from the snout while the posterior labium has two rows of marginal papillae and the edges of the porsterior labium are fringed. The upper jaw has two rows of black uninterrupted minute dermal denticles while the lower jaw has three continuous rows. As such the labial tooth row formula is 2/3. The anterior rows are longer than the posterior rows and separated from the jaw sheaths. The beak is white and there are black diagonal marks on each side of the upper jaw; the lower jaw is edged with black (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130CE2C6F658FFFE8361724B3327F23B" box="[1129,1304,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1570,1593]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1559]" captionTargetId="figure-222@4.[151,1436,182,1559]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. (a) Dorsal view of Ansonia penangensis tadpole (USMHC 0005) (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (b) Ventral view of Ansonia penangensis tadpole (USMHC 0005) (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (c) Mouthparts of Ansonia penangensis tadpole (USMHC 0005) (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (d) Mouthparts of Ansonia penangensis tadpole (USMHC 0006) (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (e) Ansonia malayana from Maxwell’s Hill, Perak, West Malaysia (photo: Evan Quah S.H.). (f) Ansonia jeetsukumarani from Fraser’s Hill, Pahang, West Malaysia (photo: L.L. Grismer)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14017104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14017104/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Figure 2c & 2d</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tail is slender and thickest at the midsection. Both the dorsal and ventral fins are roughly equal in height but the dorsal fin terminates at the proximal two thirds of the tail. The tail musculature gradually tapers posteriorly to the pointed tail tip. The ground coloration on the dorsal surface is grey; darker blotching is present behind the eyes and before the tail. The belly is light cream colored.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |