817 lines
83 KiB
XML
817 lines
83 KiB
XML
<document id="5C91ECC960C7D41B1C08D77FC52446EF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.198826" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a649d2be-d943-4356-87c1-2d7d02ee83b6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="198826" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460315432511" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Somboon, Pradya, Rory, Angela, Tsuda, Yoshio, Takagi, Masahiro & Harbach, Ralph E." docDate="2010" docId="942EAA76FFD08E7AFF4AFBE19EEEE002" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02651p051.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2651" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Anopheles (Cellia) yaeyamaensis Somboon & Harbach, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="6817D20EFFD18E7FFFDDFF9E9A62E720" masterDocTitle="Systematics of Anopheles (Cellia) yaeyamaensis sp. n., alias species E of the An. minimus complex in southeastern Asia (Diptera: Culicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1698254855950" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AC333AE63F606CC38F4B8C5B466A43F7">
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<mods:title id="66298D72DF48D4DA686D18073ED71236">Systematics of Anopheles (Cellia) yaeyamaensis sp. n., alias species E of the An. minimus complex in southeastern Asia (Diptera: Culicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="035EAB9EDDF980A1C9FFFE1E81BAD353">Somboon, Pradya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2D1B8B91EA4955560F80F9AEDF7D8D71">Rory, Angela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A840CA9906D8746856FC2EB2EDBB29DB">Tsuda, Yoshio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="DA344ED861D5C9F03BAC207CBEB1A4CE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C799A3D81546B770A7FA750B85C1CF8D">Takagi, Masahiro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="F05F65E6672F6D0005B8476DA147C337" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B8B68520DF98EE51F3FF2870BA9DA177">Harbach, Ralph E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3F23303EE94EB851602500872092081D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="45C774BB1EA8D660DC00D9619C28C5BB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C8B6DB97EFC06D0DEC203DA2DB50C79C">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="748F1B0DC6D640467007B646738C86D2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8C72C846FD8D4A82BAE25F1A470E35F5">2651</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A832BD82FD786E5C6E28E8E615223111" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.198826</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="942EAA76FFD08E7AFF4AFBE19EEEE002" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6209503" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119401314" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6209503" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:942EAA76FFD08E7AFF4AFBE19EEEE002" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/942EAA76FFD08E7AFF4AFBE19EEEE002" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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<subSubSection id="549D48EBFFD08E7EFF4AFBE1993AE3FF" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1C381B60FFD08E7EFF4AFBE199EBE3B9" blockId="1.[151,905,1151,1177]" box="[151,905,1151,1177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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<heading id="4770AC0CFFD08E7EFF4AFBE199EBE3B9" bold="true" box="[151,905,1151,1177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFF4AFBE199EBE3B9" bold="true" box="[151,905,1151,1177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD08E7EFF4AFBE1995BE3B9" ID-CoL="89ZHG" authority="Somboon & Harbach" authorityName="Somboon & Harbach" box="[151,825,1151,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yaeyamaensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Cellia">
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||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFF4AFBE19B74E3B9" bold="true" box="[151,278,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Anopheles</emphasis>
|
||
(
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||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFEFAFBE19B0CE3B9" bold="true" box="[295,366,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Cellia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFEA2FBE19847E3B9" bold="true" box="[383,549,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">yaeyamaensis</emphasis>
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Somboon & Harbach
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="35C07A09FFD08E7EFC9BFBE199EBE3B9" box="[838,905,1151,1177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="1C381B60FFD08E7EFF4AFB56993AE3FF" blockId="1.[151,1436,1224,1919]" box="[151,856,1224,1247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="3C973C4EFFD08E7EFF4AFB56993AE3FF" box="[151,856,1224,1247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFF4AFB569BCBE3FF" box="[151,425,1224,1247]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD08E7EFF4AFB569BF8E3FF" box="[151,410,1224,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosaensis">Anopheles formosaensis</taxonomicName>
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I
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</emphasis>
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of
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<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFE11FB5698F9E3FF" author="Miyasaki" box="[460,667,1224,1247]" page="66" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="1902">
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<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFE11FB569814E3FF" author="Miyasaki" box="[460,630,1224,1247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Miyasaki, K. (1902) Anopheline mosquitoes from Ishigaki Is., Yaeyama Gunto. In: Editor's Shakuchosuntanroku [abstract] (in Japanese). Formosan Journal of the Medical Association, No. 18, 64 - 66." type="book chapter" year="1902">Miyasaki, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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: 66
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</treatmentCitation>
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(Ishigaki Island).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="549D48EBFFD08E7EFF4AFB7698C2E05F" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="1C381B60FFD08E7EFF4AFB769E2BE17F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1224,1919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3C973C4EFFD08E7EFF4AFB769E2BE17F" bridged="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD08E7EFF4AFB769B04E3DF" ID-CoL="89ZDH" box="[151,358,1256,1279]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
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<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFF4AFB769B04E3DF" box="[151,358,1256,1279]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Anopheles minimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
of
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<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFE54FB76982BE3DF" author="Bohart" box="[393,585,1256,1279]" page="195" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="1959">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFE54FB769875E3DF" author="Bohart" box="[393,535,1256,1279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Bohart, R. M. (1959) A survey of the mosquitoes of the southern Ryukyus. Mosquito News, 19, 194 - 197." type="journal article" year="1959">Bohart, 1959</bibRefCitation>
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: 195
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(Ishigaki and Iriomote Islands; L bionomics);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFBE5FB769F55E3DF" author="Tanaka" box="[1080,1335,1256,1279]" page="210" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="1975">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFBE5FB769F67E3DF" author="Tanaka" box="[1080,1285,1256,1279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Tanaka, K., Saugstad, E. S. & Mizusawa, K. (1975) Mosquitoes of the Ryukyu Archipelago (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 7, 207 - 233." type="journal article" year="1975">
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Tanaka
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||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFB56FB769EDBE3DF" box="[1163,1209,1256,1279]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1975
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 210
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(Ishigaki and Miyako Islands; distribution, bionomics);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFD1EFA9699F0E23F" author="Harrison" box="[707,914,1288,1311]" page="84" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="1980">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFD1EFA969908E23F" author="Harrison" box="[707,874,1288,1311]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Harrison, B. A. (1980) Medical entomology studies - XIII. The Myzomyia Series of Anopheles (Cellia) in Thailand, with emphasis on intra-interspecific variations (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute (Ann Arbor), 17 (4), 1 - 195." type="journal article" year="1980">Harrison, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 84
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(in part, Miyako and Yaeyama Guntô Islands);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFF1AFAB69B83E21F" author="Miyagi" box="[199,481,1320,1343]" page="83" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="1980">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFF1AFAB69BD9E21F" author="Miyagi" box="[199,443,1320,1343]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Miyagi, I. & Toma, T. (1980) Studies on the mosquitoes in the Yaeyama Islands, Japan 5. Notes on the mosquitoes collected in forest areas of Iriomotejima. Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 31, 81 - 91." type="journal article" year="1980">Miyagi & Toma, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 83
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
–89, 91 (Iriomote Island; A L bionomics);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFC72FAB69EA8E21F" author="Toma" box="[943,1226,1320,1343]" page="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="1986">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFC72FAB69EC6E21F" author="Toma" box="[943,1188,1320,1343]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Toma, T. & Miyagi, I. (1986) The mosquito fauna of the Ryukyu Archipelago with identification keys, pupal descriptions and notes on biology, medical importance and distribution. Mosquito Systematics, 18, 1 - 109." type="journal article" year="1986">Toma & Miyagi, 1986</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 11
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, 28, 33, 41, 95, 96, 102 (Ishigaki, Iriomote and Miyako Islands; A* L* keys, bionomics, distribution);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFBACFAD69F11E27F" author="Toma" box="[1137,1395,1352,1375]" page="63" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="1996">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFBACFAD69F28E27F" author="Toma" box="[1137,1354,1352,1375]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Toma, T., Miyagi, I., Malenganisho, W. L. M., Tamashiro, M., Takagi, M., Higa, Y., Tsuda, Y., Sugiyama, A. & Ishak, H. (1996 a) Distribution and seasonal prevalence of the malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles minimus, in Ishigaki Is., Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, 1990 - 1994. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 47, 63 - 72." type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="a">
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||
Toma
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||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFB64FAD69E8FE27F" box="[1209,1261,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1996a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 63
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
–71 (Ishigaki Island; L bionomics);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFDC2FAF69941E25F" author="Toma" box="[543,803,1384,1407]" page="167" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="1996">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFDC2FAF69892E25F" author="Toma" box="[543,752,1384,1407]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Toma, T., Miyagi, I., Takagi, M. & Tsuda, Y. (1996 b) Survey of Anopheles minimus immatures in Miyako Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, 1991 and 1995. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 47, 167 - 170." type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Toma
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFDB9FAF698F7E25F" box="[612,661,1384,1407]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1996b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 167
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–169 (Miyako Island; L distribution, bionomics);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFA9CFAF69B01E2BF" author="Tsuda" page="601" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="1999">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFA9CFAF69B4FE2BF" author="Tsuda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Tsuda, Y., Takagi, M., Toma, T., Sugiyama, A. & Miyagi, I. (1999) Mark-release-recapture experiment with adult Anopheles minimus (Diptera: Culicidae) on Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Journal of Medical Entomology, 36, 601 - 604." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Tsuda
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFA54FAF69ABEE2BF" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 601
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–603 (Ishigaki Island; A bionomics);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFCD7FA169E48E2BF" author="Somboon" box="[778,1066,1416,1439]" page="98" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="2001">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFCD7FA16999DE2BF" author="Somboon" box="[778,1023,1416,1439]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Somboon, P., Walton, C., Sharpe, R. G., Higa, Y., Tuno, N., Tsuda, Y. & Takagi, M. (2001) Evidence for a new sibling species of Anopheles minimus from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 17, 98 - 113." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Somboon
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFCA6FA1699CCE2BF" box="[891,942,1416,1439]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 98
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–101, 102 (figs 4–6, 8), 103–111 (Ishigaki Island; A, Ƥcibarial armature* E L, metaphase karyotype*, crossmating, D3 of 28S rDNA; designation as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD08E7EFF1AFA569B2CE2FF" ID-CoL="89ZDH" box="[199,334,1480,1503]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFF1AFA569B2CE2FF" box="[199,334,1480,1503]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">An. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species E);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFE0AFA5698B3E2FF" author="Toma" box="[471,721,1480,1503]" page="29" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="2002">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFE0AFA5698C8E2FF" author="Toma" box="[471,682,1480,1503]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Toma, T., Miyagi, I., Malenganisho, W. L. M., Murakami, H., Nerome, H. & Yonamine, M. (2002 a) Distribution and seasonal occurrence of Anopheles minimus in Ishigaki island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, 1998 - 1999. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 53, 29 - 42." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Toma
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFDC0FA56982DE2FF" box="[541,591,1480,1503]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2002a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 29
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–40 (Ishigaki Island; L bionomics);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFB83FA569F04E2FF" author="Toma" box="[1118,1382,1480,1503]" page="146" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="2002">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFB83FA569F51E2FF" author="Toma" box="[1118,1331,1480,1503]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Toma, T., Miyagi, I., Tamashiro, M. & Tsuzuki, A. (2002 b) Susceptibility of the mosquitoes Anopheles minimus, An. sinensis, and An. saperoi (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, to the rodent malaria Plasmodium yoelii nigeriense. Journal of Medical Entomology, 39, 146 - 151." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Toma
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFB79FA569EB7E2FF" box="[1188,1237,1480,1503]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2002b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 146
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–149 (Ishigaki Island; susceptibility to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD08E7EFDE4FA76991FE2DF" box="[569,893,1512,1535]" class="Aconoidasida" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Plasmodium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromalveolata" order="Haemosporida" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Apicomplexa" rank="subSpecies" species="yoelii" subSpecies="nigeriense">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFDE4FA76991FE2DF" box="[569,893,1512,1535]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Plasmodium yoelii nigeriense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); Higa
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFC09FA769E64E2DF" box="[980,1030,1512,1535]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2003: 257, 258, 260–264 (Ishigaki Island; bionomics);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFE43F99698CBE13F" author="Sawabe" box="[414,681,1544,1567]" page="772" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFE43F9969814E13F" author="Sawabe" box="[414,630,1544,1567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Sawabe, K., Takagi, M., Tsuda, Y. & Tuno, N. (2003) Molecular variation and phylogeny of the Anopheles minimus complex (Diptera: Culicidae) inhabiting Southeast Asian countries, based on ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers, ITS 1 and 2 and the 28 S D 3 sequences. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 34, 771 - 780." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Sawabe
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFE25F996984AE13F" box="[504,552,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 772
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–778 (Ishigaki Island; ITS1, ITS2 and D3 of 28S rDNA); Toma
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFA82F9969FECE13F" box="[1375,1422,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2003: 267–273 (Iriomote and Kohama Islands; L distribution, bionomics);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFC3BF9B69EF8E11F" author="Toma" box="[998,1178,1576,1599]" page="125" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="2006">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFC3BF9B69E0BE11F" author="Toma" box="[998,1129,1576,1599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Toma, T. (2006) Characteristics of mosquito fauna and vector mosquitoes in the Ryukyu Archipelago. Ryukyu Medial Journal, 25, 123 - 133." type="journal article" year="2006">Toma, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 125
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–127 (Miyako Island; A L bionomics);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFEB9F9D6981EE17F" author="Nakagawa" box="[356,636,1608,1631]" page="97" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="2009">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFEB9F9D69834E17F" author="Nakagawa" box="[356,598,1608,1631]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Nakagawa, Y., Ueki, M., Fueda, K., Ohmae, H. & Ishikawa, H. (2009) Risk assessment of re-emerging Plasmodium falciparum on Ishigaki island using a stochastic transmission model. Tropical Medicine and Health, 37, 97 - 107." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Nakagawa
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFE06F9D69868E17F" box="[475,522,1608,1631]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 97
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–99, 105, 106 (Ishigaki Island; bionomics).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1C381B60FFD08E7EFF4AF9F69F1DE15F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1224,1919]" box="[151,1407,1640,1663]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3C973C4EFFD08E7EFF4AF9F69F1DE15F" box="[151,1407,1640,1663]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD08E7EFF4AF9F69BA5E15F" ID-CoL="89ZDH" box="[151,455,1640,1663]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="minimus" subSpecies="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFF4AF9F69BA5E15F" box="[151,455,1640,1663]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Anopheles minimus minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFE36F9F69972E15F" author="Miyagi" box="[491,784,1640,1663]" page="245" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="1978">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFE36F9F698BFE15F" author="Miyagi" box="[491,733,1640,1663]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Miyagi, I. & Toma, T. (1978) Studies on the mosquitoes in the Yaeyama Islands 1. Appearances of anopheline mosquitoes, especially Anopheles minimus minimus Theobald in Ishigakijima and Iriomotejima. Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 29, 243 - 250." type="journal article" year="1978">Miyagi & Toma, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 245
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–247, 250 (Ishigaki and Iriomote Islands; A L bionomics).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1C381B60FFD08E7EFF4AF9169BE8E01F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1224,1919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3C973C4EFFD08E7EFF4AF9169BE8E01F" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD08E7EFF4AF9169B08E1BF" ID-CoL="89ZDH" box="[151,362,1672,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFF4AF9169B08E1BF" box="[151,362,1672,1695]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Anopheles minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species E of
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFDD8F916995BE1BF" author="Somboon" box="[517,825,1672,1695]" page="136" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="2000">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFDD8F9169966E1BF" author="Somboon" box="[517,772,1672,1695]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Somboon, P., Higa, Y., Tuno, N., Tsuda, Y. & Takagi, M. (2000 a) Anopheles minimus complex: a new sibling species from Ishigaki island, Japan. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 51, 136." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Somboon
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFDA8F91698C5E1BF" box="[629,679,1672,1695]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2000a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 136
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(summary);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFC14F9169E9CE1BF" author="Somboon" box="[969,1278,1672,1695]" page="476" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="2000">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFC14F9169EABE1BF" author="Somboon" box="[969,1225,1672,1695]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Somboon, P., Tuno, N., Tsuda, Y. & Takagi, M. (2000 b) Evidence of the specific status of Anopheles flavirostris (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 37, 476 - 479." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Somboon
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFBE4F9169E09E1BF" box="[1081,1131,1672,1695]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2000b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 476
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–478 (Ishigaki Island; crossmating, Ƥcibarial armature*);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFD43F9369918E19F" author="Harbach" box="[670,890,1704,1727]" page="540" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFD43F9369920E19F" author="Harbach" box="[670,834,1704,1727]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Harbach, R. E. (2004) The classification of genus Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae): a working hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 94, 537 - 553." type="journal article" year="2004">Harbach, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 540
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 545 (classification);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFBB4F9369FE2E19F" author="Somboon" box="[1129,1408,1704,1727]" page="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="2005">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFBB4F9369F05E19F" author="Somboon" box="[1129,1383,1704,1727]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Somboon, P., Thongwat, D., Choochote, W., Walton, C. & Takagi, M. (2005 a) Crossing experiments of Anopheles minimus species C and putative species E. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 21, 5 - 9." type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Somboon
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFB04F9369F68E19F" box="[1241,1290,1704,1727]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2005a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 5
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–9 (crossmating);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFEB6F95698C3E1FF" author="Somboon" box="[363,673,1736,1759]" page="605" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="2005">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFEB6F956980EE1FF" author="Somboon" box="[363,620,1736,1759]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Somboon, P., Thongwat, D., Somvang, P., Teng, H. - J., Tsuda, Y. & Takagi, M. (2005 b) The specific status of Anopheles minimus s. l. collected from Taiwan. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 36, 605 - 608." type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Somboon
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFE06F956986CE1FF" box="[475,526,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2005b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 605
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–608 (crossmating); Garros
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFC0AF9569E68E1FF" box="[983,1034,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2006: 103–106, 108 (distribution);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFF1AF976984EE1DF" author="Sungvornyothin" box="[199,556,1768,1791]" page="185" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="2006">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFF1AF9769B9BE1DF" author="Sungvornyothin" box="[199,505,1768,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Sungvornyothin, S., Garros, C., Chareonviriyaphap, T. & Manguin, S. (2006) How reliable is the humeral pale spot for identification of cryptic species of the Minimus Complex? Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 22, 185 - 191." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sungvornyothin
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFEA6F9769BD3E1DF" box="[379,433,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 185
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(A morphology);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFD2FF9769999E1DF" author="Harbach" box="[754,1019,1768,1791]" page="41" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFD2FF97699B1E1DF" author="Harbach" box="[754,979,1768,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Harbach, R. E., Garros, C., Manh, N. D. & Manguin, S. (2007) Formal taxonomy of species C of the Anopheles minimus sibling species complex (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa, 1654, 41 - 54." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Harbach
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFC88F97699E6E1DF" box="[853,900,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 41
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 45, 47, 49 (DNA sequence: ITS2 and D3 of 28S rDNA, COII mt DNA); Manguin
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFD42F89698AEE03F" box="[671,716,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2008: 490, 491 (taxonomy, distribution); Garros
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFB38F8969F71E03F" box="[1253,1299,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2008: print p. 2 (distribution).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1C381B60FFD08E7EFF4AF8D698C2E05F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1224,1919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3C973C4EFFD08E7EFF4AF8D698C2E05F" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD08E7EFF4AF8D69BA2E07F" ID-CoL="89ZDH" box="[151,448,1864,1887]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus" subGenus="Cellia">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFF4AF8D69B64E07F" box="[151,262,1864,1887]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Anopheles</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFEC8F8D69B34E07F" box="[277,342,1864,1887]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Cellia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFEBBF8D69BA2E07F" box="[358,448,1864,1887]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9D263D71FFD08E7EFE3EF8D698BBE07F" author="Tanaka" box="[483,729,1864,1887]" page="31" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="1979">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFE3EF8D698D0E07F" author="Tanaka" box="[483,690,1864,1887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Tanaka, K., Mizusawa, K. & Saugstad, E. S. (1979) A revision of the adult and larval mosquitoes of Japan (including the Ryukyu Archipelago and the Ogasawara Islands) and Korea (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 16, vii + 1 - 987." type="journal article" year="1979">
|
||
Tanaka
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFDEAF8D69807E07F" box="[567,613,1864,1887]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1979
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 31
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 47–51, 554, figs 11, 12 (Miyako and Yaeyama Guntô Islands; Ƥ* 3 3G* L* P, keys, distribution, bionomics).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="549D48EBFFD08E7DFF4AF8339B45E667" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="1C381B60FFD08E7DFF4AF8339B45E667" blockId="1.[151,1436,1965,2028]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,1932]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFF4AF8339B75E0E7" bold="true" box="[151,279,1965,1991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Sequences for the ITS1, ITS2 and the D3 domain of the 28S rDNA and COII mt DNA (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFAF7F8339B7DE0CC" author="Somboon" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Somboon, P., Walton, C., Sharpe, R. G., Higa, Y., Tuno, N., Tsuda, Y. & Takagi, M. (2001) Evidence for a new sibling species of Anopheles minimus from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 17, 98 - 113." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Somboon
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFF4AF84D9AA9E0CC" box="[151,203,2003,2028]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFEF6F84C9877E0CC" author="Sawabe" box="[299,533,2002,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Sawabe, K., Takagi, M., Tsuda, Y. & Tuno, N. (2003) Molecular variation and phylogeny of the Anopheles minimus complex (Diptera: Culicidae) inhabiting Southeast Asian countries, based on ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers, ITS 1 and 2 and the 28 S D 3 sequences. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 34, 771 - 780." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Sawabe
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFE53F84D9BA3E0CC" box="[398,449,2003,2028]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD08E7EFDFFF84C9977E0CC" author="Harbach" box="[546,789,2002,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Harbach, R. E., Garros, C., Manh, N. D. & Manguin, S. (2007) Formal taxonomy of species C of the Anopheles minimus sibling species complex (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa, 1654, 41 - 54." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Harbach
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFD51F84D98A2E0CC" box="[652,704,2003,2028]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 2–6) distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD08E7EFBC7F84D9E8EE0CC" box="[1050,1260,2003,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yaeyamaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD08E7EFBC7F84D9E8EE0CC" box="[1050,1260,2003,2028]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">An. yaeyamaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD38E7DFE82FF069BAFE792" box="[351,461,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">Minimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Complex, i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD38E7DFD58FF06997CE791" box="[645,798,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFD58FF06997CE791" box="[645,798,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">An. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD38E7DFC81FF069E62E791" box="[860,1024,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFC81FF069E62E791" box="[860,1024,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">An. harrisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Comparative anatomical studies indicate that the adult and pupal stages of the three species are essentially isomorphic in all life stages, however the number of branches of larval seta 7-C will distinguish most larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD38E7DFB5FFF7C9F38E7DB" box="[1154,1370,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yaeyamaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFB5FFF7C9F38E7DB" box="[1154,1370,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">An. yaeyamaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD38E7DFEDDFE969BF4E601" box="[256,406,264,289]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFEDDFE969BF4E601" box="[256,406,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">An. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The metaphase karyotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD38E7DFCD8FE9699BEE601" box="[773,988,264,289]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yaeyamaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFCD8FE9699BEE601" box="[773,988,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">An. yaeyamaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinct from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD38E7DFB26FE969FFEE601" box="[1275,1436,264,289]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFB26FE969FFEE601" box="[1275,1436,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">An. harrisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="549D48EBFFD38E7AFF1BFECC9943E388" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="1C381B60FFD38E7DFF1BFECC9A81E0AC" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFF1BFECC9B3DE64C" bold="true" box="[198,351,338,364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
ADULT (female)—As described and illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD38E7DFC10FECC9ED5E64C" author="Tanaka" box="[973,1207,338,364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refString="Tanaka, K., Mizusawa, K. & Saugstad, E. S. (1979) A revision of the adult and larval mosquitoes of Japan (including the Ryukyu Archipelago and the Ogasawara Islands) and Korea (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 16, vii + 1 - 987." type="journal article" year="1979">
|
||
Tanaka
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFBF7FECC9E02E64B" box="[1066,1120,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1979
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, available at http:// www.mosquitocatalog.org/files/pdfs/WR159.pdf), with following additional details.
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFB56FEE69EA9E6B1" box="[1163,1227,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: Antennal length about 1.1 mm, flagellomeres 1–3 with pale scales on mesal surfaces. Proboscis length about 1.5 mm. Maxillary palpus 1.4–1.6 mm long, with 3 pale bands (in dorsal view), apical pale band about length of preapical dark band and slightly longer than preapical pale band.
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFC77FE769EE7E521" box="[938,1157,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Cibarial armature</emphasis>
|
||
: Cone filaments thornlike, relatively narrow and gradually tapered to pointed apex [filaments lancet-like in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD38E7DFB7FFD939F5AE506" box="[1186,1336,525,550]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFB7FFD939F5AE506" box="[1186,1336,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">An. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD38E7DFAA9FD939B66E56B" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFAA9FD939B66E56B" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">An. harrisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD38E7DFE9FFDAC9821E56C" author="Somboon" box="[322,579,562,588]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refString="Somboon, P., Walton, C., Sharpe, R. G., Higa, Y., Tuno, N., Tsuda, Y. & Takagi, M. (2001) Evidence for a new sibling species of Anopheles minimus from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 17, 98 - 113." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Somboon
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFE67FDAC9B8CE56B" box="[442,494,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 1–8)].
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFD0CFDAC9944E56B" box="[721,806,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Integument brown, pleura with darker areas; scutum with broad median pale pruinose area confluent with scutellum of similar appearance; anterior promontory with long erect white falcate scales that transition into semi-erect pale golden piliform scales on acrostichal and dorsocentral areas that extend posteriorly to and then on lateral margin of prescutellar area to scutellum; long golden-brown to brown setae on acrostichal, dorsocentral and prescutellar areas, dark setae on fossal, antealar and supraalar areas.
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFE37FD739847E426" box="[490,549,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
: Length 2.1–3.4 mm; dark scaling very black on costa, subcosta and R–R1, subdued on posterior veins, pale scaling pale yellow, not white; humeral pale spot rarely absent and presector pale spot occasionally absent on one or both wings (in 1 of 87 and 5 of 87 feral females, respectively), vein R3 often (about 50%) with median pale spot and 1A pale fringe spot frequently (about 80%) present (Somboon, unpublished observations).
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFE03FC1C9874E4BB" box="[478,534,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: Coxae and trochanters without scales; femora, tibiae and tarsi dark-scaled, apices of tibiae indistinctly pale, tarsomeres 1–4 with minute faint dorsoapical pale spots.
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFAC3FC369FF1E4E1" box="[1310,1427,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Integument dark with uniform covering of golden setae. ADULT (male)—As described and illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD38E7DFF4AFC6C9BE4E32C" box="[151,390,1010,1036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refString="Tanaka, K., Mizusawa, K. & Saugstad, E. S. (1979) A revision of the adult and larval mosquitoes of Japan (including the Ryukyu Archipelago and the Ogasawara Islands) and Korea (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 16, vii + 1 - 987." type="journal article">
|
||
Tanaka
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFF2FFC6C9B44E32B" box="[242,294,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1979)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, with following additional details.
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFCC3FC6C993FE32B" box="[798,861,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: Eyes more widely separated, decumbent falcate scales of interocular space slightly more numerous. Proboscis longer and more slender, approximately 1.4 length of forefemur.
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFE5AFBA39BA0E376" box="[391,450,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
: Generally paler and scaling reduced, fringe spots less distinct. PUPA—Habitus and chaetotaxy as described and illustrated for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD38E7DFD4AFBFD994FE35C" box="[663,813,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFD4AFBFD994FE35C" box="[663,813,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">An. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD38E7DFC87FBFC9E3FE35C" box="[858,1117,1122,1148]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refString="Harbach, R. E., Parkin, E., Chen, B. & Butlin, R. K. (2006) Anopheles (Cellia) minimus Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae): neotype designation, characterization, and systematics. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 108, 198 - 209." type="journal article">
|
||
Harbach
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFC1AFBFD9999E35C" box="[967,1019,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, setal branching compared with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD38E7DFEF5FB169BD2E381" box="[296,432,1160,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimu">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFEF5FB169BD2E381" box="[296,432,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">An. minimu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s in Table 1, differing as follows.
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFC9FFB1699C6E381" box="[834,932,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Trumpet</emphasis>
|
||
: Length 0.34–0.39 mm, meatus 0.03–0.09 mm, pinna 0.27–0.33 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFE04FB33982AE3E6" box="[473,584,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Length 1.97–2.36 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFCADFB339E66E3E6" box="[880,1028,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Genital lobe</emphasis>
|
||
: Length 0.13–0.17 mm in female; 0.34–
|
||
<quantity id="DB7FB685FFD38E7DFF07FB4C9B49E3CC" box="[218,299,1234,1260]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="36.0">36 mm</quantity>
|
||
in male.
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFE4AFB4D9B88E3CC" box="[407,490,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Paddle</emphasis>
|
||
: Length 0.61–0.64 mm, width 0.41–0.47 mm, index 1.30–1.54. LARVA (fourthinstar)—Habitus and chaetotaxy as described and illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD38E7DFC15FB669EAEE232" box="[968,1228,1272,1298]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refString="Tanaka, K., Mizusawa, K. & Saugstad, E. S. (1979) A revision of the adult and larval mosquitoes of Japan (including the Ryukyu Archipelago and the Ogasawara Islands) and Korea (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 16, vii + 1 - 987." type="journal article">
|
||
Tanaka
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFBF6FB669E07E231" box="[1067,1125,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1979)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, setal branching compared with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD38E7DFE75FA83985CE216" box="[424,574,1309,1334]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFE75FA83985CE216" box="[424,574,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">An. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Table 2, with following additional details.
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFBB8FA839EC7E216" box="[1125,1189,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: Slightly wider than long, width 0.57–0.62 mm, length 0.54–0.60 mm; integument with variable pattern of moderately to darkly pigmented areas; collar and mentum darkly pigmented. Seta 7-C with 17–26(21) branches [14–18(16) in
|
||
<typeStatus id="C33CA5C2FFD38E7DFAB4FAF69FFEE2A2" box="[1385,1436,1384,1410]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD38E7DFEE4FA139BAEE286" box="[313,460,1421,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFEE4FA139BAEE286" box="[313,460,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">An. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD38E7DFDD1FA13989CE287" author="Harbach" box="[524,766,1421,1447]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refString="Harbach, R. E., Parkin, E., Chen, B. & Butlin, R. K. (2006) Anopheles (Cellia) minimus Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae): neotype designation, characterization, and systematics. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 108, 198 - 209." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Harbach
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFDAAFA1398CEE286" box="[631,684,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and 19/15 [left/right sides] in
|
||
<typeStatus id="C33CA5C2FFD38E7DFBADFA139EB4E287" box="[1136,1238,1421,1447]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD38E7DFB22FA139FFEE286" box="[1279,1436,1421,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFB22FA139FFEE286" box="[1279,1436,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">An. harrisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD38E7DFF13FA2C9BA5E2EC" author="Harbach" box="[206,455,1458,1484]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refString="Harbach, R. E., Garros, C., Manh, N. D. & Manguin, S. (2007) Formal taxonomy of species C of the Anopheles minimus sibling species complex (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa, 1654, 41 - 54." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Harbach
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFEE7FA2D9B0CE2EC" box="[314,366,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)].
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFE3EFA2D985AE2EC" box="[483,568,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Integument hyaline, smooth. Mesothorax with conjoined pair of median notal plates, sometimes also with pair of submedian notal plates; metathorax usually with separated pair of notal plates, apparently without submedian notal plates. Setae 1,2-P inserted on narrowly separated tubercles; support plate of pleural setal groups 9–12-P,M,T with short spine.
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFC62F9BD9E52E11C" box="[959,1072,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Integument hyaline, smooth. Seta 0-III–VII well developed, normally branched, not noticeably larger on segments IV and V; seta 1-I–VII fully palmate with moderately pigmented leaflets, leaflets with distinct shoulders and long slender filaments (blades and shoulders narrower on segment I), blades usually with distal patch of darker pigment near shoulder. Pecten with long spines usually at each end and several interspersed among short spines. Saddle moderately to darkly pigmented, length about 0.22 mm. Seta
|
||
<date id="68393DA0FFD38E7DFC56F94399D8E1D7" box="[907,954,1757,1783]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">1-X</date>
|
||
single, simple, inserted on saddle;
|
||
<date id="68393DA0FFD38E7DFAB0F9439FFEE1D7" box="[1389,1436,1757,1783]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">4-X</date>
|
||
(ventral brush) with 9 offset pairs of setae, longest branches on anterior side of main stems. Dorsal and ventral anal papillae equal in length, shorter to slightly longer than saddle. EGG—In general as described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD38E7DFAAEF8B69A9CE046" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFAAEF8B69A9CE046" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">An. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD38E7DFEF1F8D39BA0E047" author="Reid" box="[300,450,1869,1895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refString="Reid, J. A. (1968) Anopheline mosquitoes of Malaya and Borneo. Studies from the Institute for Medical Research Malaya, 31, 1 - 520." type="journal article" year="1968">Reid (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; length 0.39–0.55 mm (mean 0.45 mm); deck usually complete (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD38E7DFB04F8D39AB4E0AC" author="Somboon" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refString="Somboon, P., Walton, C., Sharpe, R. G., Higa, Y., Tuno, N., Tsuda, Y. & Takagi, M. (2001) Evidence for a new sibling species of Anopheles minimus from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 17, 98 - 113." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Somboon
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD38E7DFA8AF8D39FEFE046" box="[1367,1421,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1C381B60FFD48E7AFF1BFF099ECAE667" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFF1BFF099BBFE791" bold="true" box="[198,477,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Metaphase karyotype.</emphasis>
|
||
The metaphase karyotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFCE1FF069F45E792" authority="Somboon et al., 2001" authorityName="Somboon et al." authorityYear="2001" box="[828,1319,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yaeyamaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFCE1FF069E6FE791" box="[828,1037,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">An. yaeyamaensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFBC3FF069F7DE792" author="Somboon" box="[1054,1311,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Somboon, P., Walton, C., Sharpe, R. G., Higa, Y., Tuno, N., Tsuda, Y. & Takagi, M. (2001) Evidence for a new sibling species of Anopheles minimus from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 17, 98 - 113." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Somboon
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFB45FF069EA9E791" box="[1176,1227,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFED5FF239BF8E7F6" box="[264,410,189,214]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFED5FF239BF8E7F6" box="[264,410,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">An. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but very different from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFCD5FF239EC1E7F7" authority="Baimai et al., 1996" authorityName="Baimai et al." authorityYear="1996" box="[776,1187,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFCD5FF2399C6E7F6" box="[776,932,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">An. harrisoni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFC6EFF239EF8E7F7" author="Baimai" box="[947,1178,189,215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Baimai, V., Kijchalao, U. & Rattanarithikul, R. (1996) Metaphase karyotypes of Anopheles of Thailand and Southeast Asia. V. The Myzomyia Series, subgenus Cellia (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 12, 97 - 105." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Baimai
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFBCCFF239E27E7F6" box="[1041,1093,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFB70FF239FFEE7F6" box="[1197,1436,189,214]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFB70FF239FFEE7F6" box="[1197,1436,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Anopheles harrisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a prominent landmark of pericentric heterochromatin in the autosomes and the short arm of the submetacentric X chromosome. The ratio of the short to long arms of the submetacentric Y chromosome is about 1:1.5 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFE9DFEB39BBEE666" box="[320,476,301,326]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFE9DFEB39BBEE666" box="[320,476,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">An. harrisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas it is 1:3–1:
|
||
<quantity id="DB7FB685FFD48E7AFD16FEB3989EE667" box="[715,764,301,327]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFCD9FEB399B4E666" box="[772,982,301,326]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yaeyamaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFCD9FEB399B4E666" box="[772,982,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">An. yaeyamaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFBD2FEB39EC3E666" box="[1039,1185,301,326]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFBD2FEB39EC3E666" box="[1039,1185,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">An. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1C381B60FFD48E7AFF1BFECC988AE5BD" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFF1BFECC9BBFE64C" bold="true" box="[198,477,338,364]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Crossing experiments.</emphasis>
|
||
Crossmating carried out between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFCABFECC9E2BE64B" box="[886,1097,338,363]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yaeyamaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFCABFECC9E2BE64B" box="[886,1097,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">An. yaeyamaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFB58FECC9F7BE64B" box="[1157,1305,338,363]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFB58FECC9F7BE64B" box="[1157,1305,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">An. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFAF7FECC9B45E6B2" author="Somboon" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Somboon, P., Walton, C., Sharpe, R. G., Higa, Y., Tuno, N., Tsuda, Y. & Takagi, M. (2001) Evidence for a new sibling species of Anopheles minimus from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 17, 98 - 113." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Somboon
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFF4AFEE69AACE6B1" box="[151,206,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFEE8FEE69832E6B2" author="Somboon" box="[309,592,376,402]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Somboon, P., Thongwat, D., Somvang, P., Teng, H. - J., Tsuda, Y. & Takagi, M. (2005 b) The specific status of Anopheles minimus s. l. collected from Taiwan. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 36, 605 - 608." type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Somboon
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFE6EFEE69B88E6B1" box="[435,490,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2005b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFCD8FEE69980E6B1" box="[773,994,376,401]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yaeyamaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFCD8FEE69980E6B1" box="[773,994,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">An. yaeyamaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFBFDFEE69EA7E6B1" box="[1056,1221,376,401]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFBFDFEE69EA7E6B1" box="[1056,1221,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">An. harrisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFB0BFEE69A80E697" author="Somboon" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Somboon, P., Thongwat, D., Choochote, W., Walton, C. & Takagi, M. (2005 a) Crossing experiments of Anopheles minimus species C and putative species E. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 21, 5 - 9." type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Somboon
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFA88FEE69FEEE6B1" box="[1365,1420,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2005a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) revealed postzygotic incompatibility. The former yielded hybrid progeny only when
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFAD9FE039FFEE696" box="[1284,1436,413,438]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFAD9FE039FFEE696" box="[1284,1436,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">An. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females were mated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFE1FFE5C98F6E6FB" box="[450,660,450,475]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yaeyamaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFE1FFE5C98F6E6FB" box="[450,660,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">An. yaeyamaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males, but the hybrid (F1) males were sterile or almost sterile with atrophied testes. No asynapsis was observed in the salivary gland polythene chromosomes of the hybrid larvae. The latter cross yielded hybrid (F1) progeny from reciprocal crosses, but the hybrid males were sterile with atrophied testes and accessory glands or were partially sterile with abnormal and inactive spermatozoa. The polythene chromosomes of hybrid larvae exhibited partial asynapsis or a fixed heterozygous inversion. Backcrosses revealed more severe incompatibility.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1C381B60FFD48E7AFF1BFD3699B6E482" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFF1BFD369840E5E2" bold="true" box="[198,546,680,706]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Molecular characterization.</emphasis>
|
||
Three PCR-based assays have been developed that distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFAD7FD379FFEE5E2" box="[1290,1436,681,706]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFAD7FD379FFEE5E2" box="[1290,1436,681,706]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">An. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFF16FD509B0EE5C7" box="[203,364,718,743]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFF16FD509B0EE5C7" box="[203,364,718,743]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">An. harrisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFE1EFD53984DE5C7" box="[451,559,717,743]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">Minimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Complex: SSCP-PCR of D3 rDNA (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFC2DFD539EB9E5C7" author="Sharpe" box="[1008,1243,717,743]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Sharpe, R. G., Hims, M. M., Harbach, R. E. & Butlin, R. K. (1999) PCR-based methods for identification of species of the Anopheles minimus group: allele-specific amplification and single-strand conformation polymorphism. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 13, 265 - 273." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Sharpe
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFB90FD509EE1E5C7" box="[1101,1155,718,743]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), RFLP-PCR of ITS2 rDNA using the restriction endonuclease BsIZI (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFCFEFD6D9E58E42D" author="Van" box="[803,1082,755,781]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Van Bortel, W., Trung, H. D., Roelants, P., Harbach, R. E., Backeljau, T. & Coosemans, M. (2000) Molecular identification of Anopheles minimus s. l. beyond distinguishing the members of the species complex. Insect Molecular Biology, 9, 335 - 340." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Van Bortel
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFC73FD6D9981E42C" box="[942,995,755,780]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFB9AFD6D9F5EE42D" author="Garros" box="[1095,1340,755,781]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Garros, C., Koekemoer, L. L., Kamau, L., Awolola, T. S., Van Bortel, W., Coetzee, M., Coosemans, M. & Manguin, S. (2004 b) Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism method for the identification of major African and Asian malaria vectors within the Anopheles funestus and An. minimus groups. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 70, 260 - 265." type="journal article" year="2004" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Garros
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFB7DFD6D9EB7E42C" box="[1184,1237,755,780]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2004b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), allelespecific PCR based on SCAR markers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFDA3FC869911E412" author="Kengne" box="[638,883,792,818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Kengne, P., Trung, H. D., Baimai, V., Coosemans, M. & Manguin, S. (2001) A multiplex PCR-based method derived from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for the identification of species of the Anopheles minimus group in Southeast Asia. Insect Molecular Biology, 10, 427 - 435." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Kengne
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFD3AFC87997FE412" box="[743,797,793,818]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and ITS2 nucleotide variations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFAD2FC869ABAE477" author="Phuc" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Phuc, H. K., Ball, A. J., Son, L., Hanh, N. V., Tu, N. D., Lien, N. G., Verardi, A. & Townson, H. (2003) Multiplex PCR assay for malaria vector Anopheles minimus and four related species in the Myzomyia Series from Southeast Asia. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 17, 423 - 428." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Phuc
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFA8BFC879FEEE412" box="[1366,1420,793,818]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFF38FCA39B82E477" author="Garros" box="[229,480,829,855]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Garros, C., Koekemoer, L. L., Coetzee, M., Coosemans, M. & Manguin, S. (2004 a) A single multiplex assay to identify major malaria vectors within the African Anopheles funestus and the Oriental An. minimus groups. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 70, 583 - 590." type="journal article" year="2004" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Garros
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFE9CFCA09B1AE477" box="[321,376,830,855]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2004a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). None of these methods included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFC56FCA09E05E477" box="[907,1127,830,855]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yaeyamaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFC56FCA09E05E477" box="[907,1127,830,855]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">An. yaeyamaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but nucleotide variation observed in the D3 and ITS2 regions of rDNA and the COII locus of mt DNA (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFBEBFCFD9F49E45D" author="Harbach" box="[1078,1323,867,893]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Harbach, R. E., Garros, C., Manh, N. D. & Manguin, S. (2007) Formal taxonomy of species C of the Anopheles minimus sibling species complex (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa, 1654, 41 - 54." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Harbach
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFB7EFCFD9EB4E45C" box="[1187,1238,867,892]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 2, 3, 5) readily distinguish this species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFDB8FC179895E482" box="[613,759,905,930]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFDB8FC179895E482" box="[613,759,905,930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">An. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFCEDFC1799AFE482" box="[816,973,905,930]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFCEDFC1799AFE482" box="[816,973,905,930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">An. harrisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1C381B60FFD48E7AFF1BFC339943E388" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFF1BFC339B32E4E7" bold="true" box="[198,336,941,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Bionomics.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFE85FC30981CE4E7" box="[344,638,942,967]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yaeyamaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFE85FC30981CE4E7" box="[344,638,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Anopheles yaeyamaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFCF4FC3099DEE4E7" box="[809,956,942,967]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFCF4FC3099DEE4E7" box="[809,956,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">An. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) played a major role in the transmission of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFF6AFC4D9B5AE4CC" box="[183,312,979,1004]" class="Aconoidasida" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Plasmodium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromalveolata" order="Haemosporida" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Apicomplexa" rank="species" species="falciparum">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFF6AFC4D9B5AE4CC" box="[183,312,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">falciparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
malaria in the Yaeyama and Miyako Islands before the disease was eradicated from the islands between
|
||
<date id="68393DA0FFD48E7AFEDEFC669BD5E332" box="[259,439,1016,1042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" value="1957" valueMax="1962">1957 and 1962</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFE1AFC6698FFE332" author="Kuroshima" box="[455,669,1016,1042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Kuroshima, C. (1960) Results of malaria eradication in Yaeyama Island. Kankyo Eisei, 7, 18 - 25 (in Japanese)." type="journal article" year="1960">Kuroshima, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFD76FC66991DE332" author="Farid" box="[683,895,1016,1042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Farid, M. A., Chen, C. T., Hsu, T. C. & Liu, S. Y. (1966) Report of WHO evaluation team on malaria eradication in the Ryukyu Islands, 1965. WPR / 419 / 65, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1966">
|
||
Farid
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFD2FFC679945E332" box="[754,807,1017,1042]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1966
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFC51FC669EEEE332" author="Sakihara" box="[908,1164,1016,1042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Sakihara, S., Nishi, K., Toyama, F., Uza, M. & Taira, K. (1994) A revised analysis of malaria epidemic in the Ryukyu Islands during World War II. Japanese Journal of Health and Human Ecology, 60, 67 - 84 (in Japanese)." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Sakihara
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFC20FC679E51E332" box="[1021,1075,1017,1042]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The immature stages typically inhabit unpolluted streams, springs and ground pools near springs. Larvae and adults are found throughout the year, but densities decrease significantly during the cold season from December to February, during which individuals are larger and darker in colour (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFCE1FBF69E2BE3A2" author="Miyagi" box="[828,1097,1128,1154]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Miyagi, I. & Toma, T. (1980) Studies on the mosquitoes in the Yaeyama Islands, Japan 5. Notes on the mosquitoes collected in forest areas of Iriomotejima. Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 31, 81 - 91." type="journal article" year="1980">Miyagi & Toma, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFB8BFBF69F5BE3A2" author="Toma" box="[1110,1337,1128,1154]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Toma, T., Miyagi, I., Malenganisho, W. L. M., Tamashiro, M., Takagi, M., Higa, Y., Tsuda, Y., Sugiyama, A. & Ishak, H. (1996 a) Distribution and seasonal prevalence of the malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles minimus, in Ishigaki Is., Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, 1990 - 1994. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 47, 63 - 72." type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Toma
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFB7CFBF79EB7E3A2" box="[1185,1237,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1996a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFAE0FBF69F2FE3A2" author="Toma" box="[1341,1357,1128,1154]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Toma, T., Miyagi, I., Takagi, M. & Tsuda, Y. (1996 b) Survey of Anopheles minimus immatures in Miyako Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, 1991 and 1995. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 47, 167 - 170." type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFA87FBF69B49E388" author="Toma" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Toma, T., Miyagi, I., Malenganisho, W. L. M., Murakami, H., Nerome, H. & Yonamine, M. (2002 a) Distribution and seasonal occurrence of Anopheles minimus in Ishigaki island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, 1998 - 1999. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 53, 29 - 42." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Toma
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFF4AFB109AA8E387" box="[151,202,1166,1191]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2002a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Toma
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFE5CFB109BD6E387" box="[385,436,1166,1191]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2003;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFDC9FB109976E388" author="Somboon" box="[532,788,1166,1192]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Somboon, P., Walton, C., Sharpe, R. G., Higa, Y., Tuno, N., Tsuda, Y. & Takagi, M. (2001) Evidence for a new sibling species of Anopheles minimus from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 17, 98 - 113." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Somboon
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFD51FB1098A4E387" box="[652,710,1166,1191]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="549D48EBFFD48E7AFF18FB2D9B5BE21D" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="1C381B60FFD48E7AFF18FB2D9B5BE21D" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFF18FB2D9B89E3EC" ID-CoL="89ZHG" box="[197,491,1203,1228]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yaeyamaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFF18FB2D9B89E3EC" box="[197,491,1203,1228]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Anopheles yaeyamaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is stenogamous (insemination rate about 50%) and females mate readily with a stenogamous strain of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFE7DFB479851E3D2" ID-CoL="89ZDH" box="[416,563,1241,1266]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFE7DFB479851E3D2" box="[416,563,1241,1266]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">An. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<quantity id="DB7FB685FFD48E7AFD84FB4698C0E3D2" box="[601,674,1240,1266]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
cages (insemination rates of about 80%).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFB4FFB479FE3E3D2" ID-CoL="89ZBT" box="[1170,1409,1241,1266]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFB4FFB479FE3E3D2" box="[1170,1409,1241,1266]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Anopheles harrisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not stenogamous but females (about 20%) are able to mate with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFC79FB609E1EE237" ID-CoL="89ZHG" box="[932,1148,1278,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yaeyamaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFC79FB609E1EE237" box="[932,1148,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">An. yaeyamaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFB06FB609AB6E21D" author="Somboon" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Somboon, P., Walton, C., Sharpe, R. G., Higa, Y., Tuno, N., Tsuda, Y. & Takagi, M. (2001) Evidence for a new sibling species of Anopheles minimus from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 17, 98 - 113." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Somboon
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFA8AFB609FEEE237" box="[1367,1420,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78166691FFD48E7AFF3DFABD9B4EE21D" author="Somboon" box="[224,300,1315,1341]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Somboon, P., Thongwat, D., Choochote, W., Walton, C. & Takagi, M. (2005 a) Crossing experiments of Anopheles minimus species C and putative species E. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 21, 5 - 9." type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="a">2005a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="549D48EBFFD48E7AFF1BFAD698D3E13D" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="1C381B60FFD48E7AFF1BFAD698D3E13D" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFF1BFAD69B05E242" bold="true" box="[198,359,1352,1378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFEB3FAD798F1E242" box="[366,659,1353,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yaeyamaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFEB3FAD798F1E242" box="[366,659,1353,1378]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Anopheles yaeyamaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has only been found on Iriomote, Ishigaki and Kohama Islands of the Yaeyama Island Group and Miyako Island of the Miyako Island Group in the Okinawa Prefecture,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="64905BF0FFD48E7AFA8FFAF09FFBE2A8" box="[1362,1433,1390,1416]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Ishigaki and Iriomote are the largest two islands of the Yaeyama Group and Miyako is the largest and most populous island among the Miyako Islands. The two island groups form the southern part of the volcanic Ryukyu Islands. The Yaeyamas are closer to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="64905BF0FFD48E7AFD01FA40995EE2D8" box="[732,828,1502,1528]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, about
|
||
<quantity id="DB7FB685FFD48E7AFC46FA40999DE2D8" box="[923,1023,1502,1528]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" unit="km" value="125.0">125 km</quantity>
|
||
, than Miyako Island, which lies approximately
|
||
<quantity id="DB7FB685FFD48E7AFE9AF99D9BC2E13D" box="[327,416,1539,1565]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" unit="km" value="400.0">400 km</quantity>
|
||
east of Taipei,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="64905BF0FFD48E7AFD8EF99D98CFE13D" box="[595,685,1539,1565]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="549D48EBFFD48E7AFF1BF9B69E45E148" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="1C381B60FFD48E7AFF1BF9B69E45E148" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFF1BF9B69B31E162" bold="true" box="[198,339,1576,1602]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8760E3FFD48E7AFD99F9B79885E162" box="[580,743,1577,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yaeyamaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFD99F9B79885E162" box="[580,743,1577,1602]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">yaeyamaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is a Latinised geographical name (yaeyama and the Latin suffix -
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFF31F9D09B44E147" box="[236,294,1614,1639]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">ensis</emphasis>
|
||
) denoting the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C33CA5C2FFD48E7AFE0DF9D09861E148" box="[464,515,1614,1640]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of the species in the Yaeyama Islands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="549D48EBFFD48E7AFF1BF9EC9EEEE002" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="1C381B60FFD48E7AFF1BF9EC9EEEE002" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFF1BF9EC9B3AE1AC" bold="true" box="[198,344,1650,1676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<typeStatus id="C33CA5C2FFD48E7AFF1BF9EC9B61E1AC" box="[198,259,1650,1676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Eighty-nine specimens (13 Ƥ, 13 3, 26 Le, 26 Pe, 11 L).
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFBD5F9ED9E11E1AC" box="[1032,1139,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<typeStatus id="C33CA5C2FFD48E7AFBD5F9ED9E11E1AC" box="[1032,1139,1651,1676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, Ƥ (no. 5), with LePe on microscope slide,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="64905BF0FFD48E7AFEB0F9069BA8E192" box="[365,458,1688,1714]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Ryukyu Archipelago, Ishigaki Island, Ishigaki City, Nosoko, Nishihama stream,
|
||
<date id="68393DA0FFD48E7AFA50F9069B6BE1F8" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" value="2006-07-06">6 July 2006</date>
|
||
(Somboon
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFE4CF9209BA6E1F7" box="[401,452,1726,1751]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="7A9683A5FFD48E7AFE39F9209820E1F8" box="[484,578,1726,1752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF3C772FFD48E7AFD88F92098AEE1F7" box="[597,716,1726,1751]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<typeStatus id="C33CA5C2FFD48E7AFD88F92098AEE1F7" box="[597,716,1726,1751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="C33CA5C2FFD48E7AFCA9F92099BCE1F8" box="[884,990,1726,1752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, 12ƤLePe (nos. 2, 3, 8, 10, 11, 13, 15, 19–22, 24), 13 (no. 18), 123LePe (nos. 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 16, 17, 23, 27, 32), 1LePe (no. 25) and 11L (nos. 1–11). All specimens are deposited in the Natural History Museum, London (
|
||
<collectionCode id="7A9683A5FFD48E7AFBFCF8969EE2E002" box="[1057,1152,1800,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |