672 lines
108 KiB
XML
672 lines
108 KiB
XML
<document id="64D32D0EE28D3129117E24603D4F1647" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2024.2439032" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14765230" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1738160189164" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tsuyuki, Aoi, Kohtsuka, Hisanori & Okuno, Junji" docDate="2025" docId="F8378799B22FFF872C0EFC27FE4EF9FB" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.59.5-8.303-330.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 59 (5 - 8)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28302561" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Prostheceraeus fragum Tsuyuki, Kohtsuka, and Okuno 2025, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="312" masterDocId="040EFFE1B22AFF8E2D19FFE4FF81FF9C" masterDocTitle="Description of a new species of Prostheceraeus Schmarda, 1859 and redescription of a poorly known species, Phrikoceros sagamianus (Kato, 1937) comb. n., with inference of their phylogenetic positions within Pseudocerotoidea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Cotylea)" masterLastPageNumber="330" masterPageNumber="303" pageNumber="308" updateTime="1739293795066" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="8C64F185FE63B96E43B3A1050C84FD65">Description of a new species of Prostheceraeus Schmarda, 1859 and redescription of a poorly known species, Phrikoceros sagamianus (Kato, 1937) comb. n., with inference of their phylogenetic positions within Pseudocerotoidea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Cotylea)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="772B0B1777FFF30D7452091141D39EC7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="49BBC0CA6C3A882345ADF488859343ED">Tsuyuki, Aoi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="66E0948E9C1FCAF70090D3C030ACE06D">Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan;</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5A87E00EF83D84E7B61151F049AB70CD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="10C9248538F1D0B6CB33848225D4EDD3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B116F1B24E9EBAB211DF15CA3CFB851A">Kohtsuka, Hisanori</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="62D1DC6A64ACD722785213B18B9E8C8F">Misaki Marine Biological Station, The University of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Japan;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0A1CCBAA4EE757B2C9ABA7B76F71F909">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="22E765D72F48D1BDA8A6EDD496BFC743">Okuno, Junji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9BF0EE487C32522A04E2AECDF534A5D1">Coastal Branch of Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Japan & Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="91FEE62D4D6235A86CC84229A663E447">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="147845B3ED222009BA863B59D9F9DF9A">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FA19932237D2F14C4CF7C4DDC76F8AD1">
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<mods:date id="04D96994C55CC060ABF609F033F04298">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2B550290530671AC4E000CB3062B451A">2025-01-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F84355804577566EFB4EB773B5C8FAA8">59</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5CA270464A9791678DB30267A51B833E">5 - 8</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="69FAEAB6A372C8A73426100AC8DBDF3E">303</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="2340E3D680982C7BEBFAAD8E5ADE1CDB">330</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="131A54FBB6CF0F97416312EF3D11A83A" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2024.2439032</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F8378799B22FFF872C0EFC27FE4EF9FB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F8378799B22FFF872C0EFC27FE4EF9FB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F8378799B22FFF872C0EFC27FE4EF9FB" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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<subSubSection id="38846504B22FFF8B2C0EFC27FB8DFC42" box="[279,1036,963,990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7021368FB22FFF8B2C0EFC27FB8DFC42" blockId="5.[279,1036,963,990]" box="[279,1036,963,990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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<heading id="2B6981E3B22FFF8B2C0EFC27FB8DFC42" box="[279,1036,963,990]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB22FFF8B2C0EFC27FC3FFC42" authority="Tsuyuki, Kohtsuka, and Okuno" authorityName="Tsuyuki, Kohtsuka, and Okuno" authorityYear="2025" box="[279,958,963,990]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fragum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB22FFF8B2C0EFC27FDC1FC42" bold="true" box="[279,576,963,990]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">Prostheceraeus fragum</emphasis>
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Tsuyuki, Kohtsuka, and Okuno
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB22FFF8B2EDCFC27FB8DFC42" bold="true" box="[965,1036,963,990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="59D957E6B22FFF8B2EDCFC27FB8DFC42" box="[965,1036,963,990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="38846504B22FFF8B2C9CFC1CFC3FFB8D" box="[389,958,1016,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="7021368FB22FFF8B2C9CFC1CFC3FFB8D" blockId="5.[389,958,1016,1041]" box="[389,958,1016,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">(New Japanese name: Ichigo-nagamimi-hiramushi)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="38846504B22FFF8B2F5BFBD1FD60FBCC" box="[578,737,1077,1104]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7021368FB22FFF8B2F5BFBD1FD60FBCC" blockId="5.[578,737,1077,1104]" box="[578,737,1077,1104]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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(
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<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB22FFF8B2F53FBD1FD3AFBCC" box="[586,699,1077,1104]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[160,225,848,871]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetId="figure-212@6.[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., photographs of living animal (A, B, D) and fixed specimen (C). (A) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype; left) and NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype; right), dorsal view. (B) NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype), ventral view. (C) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), cleared in xylene, ventral view. (D) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), magnification of anterior body. Abbreviations: ce: cerebral eyespots; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pte: pseudotentacle; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyespots; ut: uterus. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765232/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB22FFF8B2FD3FBD1FD58FBCC" box="[714,729,1077,1104]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1371,1394]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-42@7.[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., holotype (NSMT-Pl 9505), reconstructed schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B–D) (anterior to the left). (A) Male and female copulatory apparatus. (B) Male copulatory apparatus. (C) Uterine vesicle and uterus. (D) Female copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations: cg: cement glands; cp: cement pouch; e: egg; ed: ejaculatory duct; fg: female gonopore; it: intestine; ma: male atrium; mg: male gonopore; po: penis pouch; pp: penis papilla; ps: penis sheath; pv: prostatic vesicle; sd: sperm duct; spv: spermiducal vesicle; st: stylet; sv: seminal vesicle; ut: uterus; uv: uterine vesicle; vg: vagina. Scale bars: A = 300 µm: B–D = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765234/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="38846504B22FFF8B2DD9FB6CFC5CFB3D" box="[192,989,1160,1185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7021368FB22FFF8B2DD9FB6CFC5CFB3D" blockId="5.[192,1059,1160,1220]" box="[192,989,1160,1185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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||
?Euryleptid 19:
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<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB22FFF8B2C74FB6CFDB7FB3D" author="Ryanskiy A" box="[365,566,1160,1185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" refId="ref13792" refString="Ryanskiy A. 2021. Marine Flatworms of the Tropical Indo-Pacific Coral Reef Academy: Indo-Pacific Photo Guides. Egypt: Andrey Ryanskiy." type="book" year="2021">Ryanskiy 2021: 97</bibRefCitation>
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, coloured unnumbered photographs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="38846504B22FFF8B2DD9FB4FFBA2FB58" box="[192,1059,1195,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7021368FB22FFF8B2DD9FB4FFBA2FB58" blockId="5.[192,1059,1160,1220]" box="[192,1059,1195,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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ZooBank:
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<subSubSection id="38846504B22FFF8B2DB9FB1FFDFFF99B" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="7021368FB22FFF8B2DB9FB1FFEFEFA89" blockId="5.[160,1156,1275,1543]" box="[160,383,1275,1301]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB22FFF8B2DB9FB1FFEFEFA89" bold="true" box="[160,383,1275,1301]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7021368FB22FFF8B2DB9FAFAFDFFF99B" blockId="5.[160,1156,1275,1543]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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<materialsCitation id="C0F63CD2B22FFF8B2DB9FAFAFCE4FAE1" collectingDate="2022-06-10" country="Japan" elevation="151" latitude="35.135532" location="Sagami Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="139.54578" municipality="Misaki" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" specimenCode="NSMT-Pl 9505" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kanagawa" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB22FFF8B2DB9FAFAFE80FAAB" box="[160,257,1310,1335]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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<typeStatus id="AF25882DB22FFF8B2DB9FAFAFE80FAAB" box="[160,257,1310,1335]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<specimenCode id="20389EF4B22FFF8B2C08FAFAFE33FAAB" box="[273,434,1310,1335]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">NSMT-Pl 9505</specimenCode>
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, sagittal sections of the whole body (13 slides), dredged from a depth of
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in
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, off
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,
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,
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, 139.546833°E and 35.135533°N,
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), on
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<collectingDate id="1464E9A7B22FFF8B2FC8FA80FCE4FAE1" box="[721,869,1380,1405]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" value="2022-06-10">10 June 2022</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="C0F63CD2B22FFF8B2E77FA80FE66FA79" collectingDate="2022-06-10" country="Japan" elevation="103" latitude="35.138554" location="Sagami Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="139.53497" municipality="Misaki" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" specimenCode="NSMT-Pl 9507" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kanagawa" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB22FFF8B2E77FA80FC59FAE1" box="[878,984,1380,1405]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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<typeStatus id="AF25882DB22FFF8B2E77FA80FC59FAE1" box="[878,984,1380,1405]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="20389EF4B22FFF8B2EFAFA80FB01FAE1" box="[995,1152,1380,1405]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">NSMT-Pl 9507</specimenCode>
|
||
, whole mount specimen, dredged from
|
||
<quantity id="B7669B6AB22FFF8B2F6CFA62FD76FA03" box="[629,759,1414,1439]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" metricValueMax="1.05" metricValueMin="1.01" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" unit="m" value="103.0" valueMax="105.0" valueMin="101.0">
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</quantity>
|
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depth in
|
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<location id="75416054B22FFF8B2E6DFA62FC7FFA03" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F8378799B22FFF872C0EFC27FE4EF9FB:75416054B22FFF8B2E6DFA62FC7FFA03" box="[884,1022,1414,1439]" country="Japan" latitude="35.138554" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="139.53497" municipality="Misaki" name="Sagami Bay" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" stateProvince="Kanagawa">Sagami Bay</location>
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, off
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<collectingMunicipality id="9045ACF5B22FFF8B292EFA62FB01FA03" box="[1079,1152,1414,1439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">Misaki</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="B25AF86DB22FFF8B2DB9FA4DFE97FA5E" box="[160,278,1449,1474]" country="Japan" name="Kanagawa" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">Kanagawa</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="0889761FB22FFF8B2C39FA4DFEE3FA5E" box="[288,354,1449,1474]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">Japan</collectingCountry>
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(between
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, 139.534663°E and 35.137662°N,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="15AA5048B22FFF8B2EF9FA4DFBFAFA5E" box="[992,1147,1449,1474]" degrees="139.534970" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" precision="1" value="139.53497">139.534970°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), on the same day as holotype;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C0F63CD2B22FFF8B2CF5FA28FDFFF99B" collectingDate="2022-06-10" country="Japan" elevation="103" latitude="35.138554" location="Sagami Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="139.53497" municipality="Misaki" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" specimenCode="NSMT-Pl 9506" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kanagawa" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="20389EF4B22FFF8B2CF5FA28FD08FA79" box="[492,649,1484,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">NSMT-Pl 9506</specimenCode>
|
||
, sagittal sections of the whole body (5 slides), the same collection data as NSMT-Pl 9507.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="38846504B22FFF8B2DB9F9DAFD02F95C" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="7021368FB22FFF8B2DB9F9DAFE9CF9C4" blockId="5.[160,1155,1598,1728]" box="[160,285,1598,1624]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB22FFF8B2DB9F9DAFE9CF9C4" bold="true" box="[160,285,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7021368FB22FFF8B2DB9F986FD02F95C" blockId="5.[160,1155,1598,1728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB22FFF8B2C9AF986FE53F9E7" authorityName="Tsuyuki, Kohtsuka, and Okuno" authorityYear="2025" box="[387,466,1634,1659]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fragum">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB22FFF8B2C9AF986FE53F9E7" box="[387,466,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">fragum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a Latin term signifying ‘strawberry’, was chosen in reference to the dorsal colour pattern of the new species. This pattern is characterised by red maculae, resembling slices of a strawberry.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="24E16607B22CFF882DB9FCB4FD0AFC66" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765232" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14765232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765232/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" startId="6.[160,225,848,871]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,816]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7021368FB22CFF882DB9FCB4FD0AFC66" blockId="6.[160,1157,848,1018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB22CFF882DB9FCB4FF7BFCFB" bold="true" box="[160,250,848,871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="309">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB22CFF882C19FCB4FE5AFCFB" authorityName="Tsuyuki & Kohtsuka & Okuno" authorityYear="2025" box="[256,475,848,871]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fragum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB22CFF882C19FCB4FE5AFCFB" box="[256,475,848,871]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="309">Prostheceraeus fragum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB22CFF882CF8FCB4FD9BFCFB" bold="true" box="[481,538,848,871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59D957E6B22CFF882CF8FCB4FD9BFCFB" box="[481,538,848,871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, photographs of living animal (A, B, D) and fixed specimen (C). (A) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype; left) and NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype; right), dorsal view. (B) NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype), ventral view. (C) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), cleared in xylene, ventral view. (D) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), magnification of anterior body. Abbreviations: ce: cerebral eyespots; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pte: pseudotentacle; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyespots; ut: uterus. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="38846504B22CFF882DB9FBD0FC24FB67" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="7021368FB22CFF882DB9FBD0FE95FBD2" blockId="6.[160,1155,1076,1275]" box="[160,276,1076,1102]" pageId="6" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB22CFF882DB9FBD0FE95FBD2" bold="true" box="[160,276,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="309">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7021368FB22CFF882DB9FBBCFC24FB67" blockId="6.[160,1155,1076,1275]" pageId="6" pageNumber="309">Pair of pseudotentacles slender and pointed, reddish purple in colour; translucent creamwhite background; red maculae oval in shape, only distributed radially along body periphery and over midline on dorsal surface; pair of cerebral-eyespot clusters, each composed of about 30 eyespots; marginal and frontal eyespots absent; pseudotentacular eyespots numerous; multiple uterine vesicles present in each uterus.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="38846504B22CFF862DB9FACDFB84FBD3" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7021368FB22CFF882DB9FACDFEA7FADF" blockId="6.[160,1156,1321,1728]" box="[160,294,1321,1347]" pageId="6" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB22CFF882DB9FACDFEA7FADF" bold="true" box="[160,294,1321,1347]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="309">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7021368FB22CFF862DB9FAA9FB84FBD3" blockId="6.[160,1156,1321,1728]" lastBlockId="8.[160,1157,142,1103]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="6" pageNumber="309">
|
||
Body elongated oval,
|
||
<quantity id="B7669B6AB22CFF882C85FAA9FDBCFAFA" box="[412,573,1357,1382]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" metricValueMax="1.25" metricValueMin="1.1099999999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="11.8" valueMax="12.5" valueMin="11.1">11.1–12.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length (
|
||
<quantity id="B7669B6AB22CFF882FA7FAA9FC8EFAFA" box="[702,783,1357,1382]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF25882DB22CFF882E2FFAA9FC1CFAFA" box="[822,925,1357,1382]" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) and
|
||
<quantity id="B7669B6AB22CFF882EC6FAA9FBE4FAFA" box="[991,1125,1357,1382]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="4.35" valueMax="4.8" valueMin="3.9">3.9–4.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
at its widest point (
|
||
<quantity id="B7669B6AB22CFF882C7CFA8BFE3FFA14" box="[357,446,1391,1416]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF25882DB22CFF882CFEFA8BFDCFFA14" box="[487,590,1391,1416]" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) in living state (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB22CFF882E17FA8BFCE9FA14" box="[782,872,1391,1416]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[160,225,848,871]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetId="figure-212@6.[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., photographs of living animal (A, B, D) and fixed specimen (C). (A) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype; left) and NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype; right), dorsal view. (B) NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype), ventral view. (C) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), cleared in xylene, ventral view. (D) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), magnification of anterior body. Abbreviations: ce: cerebral eyespots; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pte: pseudotentacle; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyespots; ut: uterus. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765232/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="309">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(A,B)),
|
||
<quantity id="B7669B6AB22CFF882EA0FA8BFB90FA14" box="[953,1041,1391,1416]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="7.9">7.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="B7669B6AB22CFF882DC1FA76FEB2FA37" box="[216,307,1426,1451]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
at its widest point after fixation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB22CFF882FCAFA76FCAEFA37" box="[723,815,1426,1451]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[160,225,848,871]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetId="figure-212@6.[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., photographs of living animal (A, B, D) and fixed specimen (C). (A) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype; left) and NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype; right), dorsal view. (B) NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype), ventral view. (C) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), cleared in xylene, ventral view. (D) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), magnification of anterior body. Abbreviations: ce: cerebral eyespots; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pte: pseudotentacle; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyespots; ut: uterus. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765232/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="309">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(C)). Pair of pseudotentacles apparent, slender and pointed, coloured reddish purple, about
|
||
<quantity id="B7669B6AB22CFF882EA5FA51FB84FA52" box="[956,1029,1461,1486]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB22CFF882DB1FA33FE85FA6C" box="[168,260,1495,1520]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[160,225,848,871]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetId="figure-212@6.[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., photographs of living animal (A, B, D) and fixed specimen (C). (A) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype; left) and NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype; right), dorsal view. (B) NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype), ventral view. (C) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), cleared in xylene, ventral view. (D) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), magnification of anterior body. Abbreviations: ce: cerebral eyespots; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pte: pseudotentacle; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyespots; ut: uterus. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765232/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="309">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(D)). Dorsal surface smooth, translucent cream with specific colour pattern; four dark-red maculae (
|
||
<quantity id="B7669B6AB22CFF882CAEFA1EFDDCF98F" box="[439,605,1530,1555]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="0.71" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.52">0.52–0.90 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter in
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF25882DB22CFF882E05FA1EFC02F98F" box="[796,899,1530,1555]" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) arranged in midline; around 30–50 oval red maculae (
|
||
<quantity id="B7669B6AB22CFF882F31F9F9FD4CF9AA" box="[552,717,1565,1590]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.15" metricValueMax="9.1" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="0.615" valueMax="0.91" valueMin="0.32">0.32–0.91 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter in
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF25882DB22CFF882E90F9F9FC73F9AA" box="[905,1010,1565,1590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), distributed radially along body margin; basically larger one and smaller one arranged alternately (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB22CFF882DB1F986FE80F9E7" box="[168,257,1634,1659]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[160,225,848,871]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetId="figure-212@6.[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., photographs of living animal (A, B, D) and fixed specimen (C). (A) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype; left) and NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype; right), dorsal view. (B) NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype), ventral view. (C) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), cleared in xylene, ventral view. (D) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), magnification of anterior body. Abbreviations: ce: cerebral eyespots; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pte: pseudotentacle; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyespots; ut: uterus. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765232/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="309">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(A)); six triangular red maculae adjacent to each other distributed in anterior to posterior end of cerebral-eyespot clusters; red colouration fading towards centre in all maculae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB22CFF882C27F943FE1FF95C" box="[318,414,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[160,225,848,871]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetId="figure-212@6.[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., photographs of living animal (A, B, D) and fixed specimen (C). (A) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype; left) and NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype; right), dorsal view. (B) NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype), ventral view. (C) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), cleared in xylene, ventral view. (D) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), magnification of anterior body. Abbreviations: ce: cerebral eyespots; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pte: pseudotentacle; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyespots; ut: uterus. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765232/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="309">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(A)). Marginal lines absent. Colour pattern on dorsal surface generally fading away after fixation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB22DFF892F54F9B9FD27F9EA" box="[589,678,1629,1654]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[160,225,848,871]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetId="figure-212@6.[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., photographs of living animal (A, B, D) and fixed specimen (C). (A) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype; left) and NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype; right), dorsal view. (B) NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype), ventral view. (C) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), cleared in xylene, ventral view. (D) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), magnification of anterior body. Abbreviations: ce: cerebral eyespots; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pte: pseudotentacle; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyespots; ut: uterus. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765232/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(C)). Ventral surface translucent, reddish-purple pigments forming two dotted lines along body margin in specific area from anterior end of cerebral eyespots to level of 1/3 of pharynx; reddish-purple pigments sparsely distributed along body periphery posterior to dotted lines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB222FF862EEBFF6AFBD3FF3B" box="[1010,1106,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[160,225,848,871]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetId="figure-212@6.[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., photographs of living animal (A, B, D) and fixed specimen (C). (A) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype; left) and NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype; right), dorsal view. (B) NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype), ventral view. (C) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), cleared in xylene, ventral view. (D) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), magnification of anterior body. Abbreviations: ce: cerebral eyespots; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pte: pseudotentacle; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyespots; ut: uterus. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765232/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(B)). Cerebral eyespots in two elongated clusters (
|
||
<quantity id="B7669B6AB222FF862FACFF55FCBEFF56" box="[693,831,177,202]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length), each composed of about 30 eyespots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB222FF862CC2FF30FDC5FF71" box="[475,580,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[160,225,848,871]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetId="figure-212@6.[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., photographs of living animal (A, B, D) and fixed specimen (C). (A) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype; left) and NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype; right), dorsal view. (B) NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype), ventral view. (C) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), cleared in xylene, ventral view. (D) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), magnification of anterior body. Abbreviations: ce: cerebral eyespots; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pte: pseudotentacle; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyespots; ut: uterus. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765232/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(D)). Frontal and marginal eyespots absent. Pseudotentacular eyespots distributed at base of each tentacle, each cluster consisting of about 30 eyespots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB222FF862CD3FEFDFDAFFEAE" box="[458,558,281,306]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[160,225,848,871]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetId="figure-212@6.[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., photographs of living animal (A, B, D) and fixed specimen (C). (A) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype; left) and NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype; right), dorsal view. (B) NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype), ventral view. (C) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), cleared in xylene, ventral view. (D) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), magnification of anterior body. Abbreviations: ce: cerebral eyespots; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pte: pseudotentacle; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyespots; ut: uterus. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765232/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(C,D)). Intestine highly branched, anastomosing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB222FF862DB1FED8FE84FEC9" box="[168,261,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[160,225,848,871]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetId="figure-212@6.[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., photographs of living animal (A, B, D) and fixed specimen (C). (A) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype; left) and NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype; right), dorsal view. (B) NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype), ventral view. (C) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), cleared in xylene, ventral view. (D) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), magnification of anterior body. Abbreviations: ce: cerebral eyespots; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pte: pseudotentacle; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyespots; ut: uterus. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765232/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(B)). Pharynx plicated, tubular and bell-shaped,
|
||
<quantity id="B7669B6AB222FF862E59FED8FC29FEC9" box="[832,936,316,341]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="0.82">0.82 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length in fixed specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB222FF862C39FEBAFEFAFEEB" box="[288,379,350,375]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[160,225,848,871]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetId="figure-212@6.[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., photographs of living animal (A, B, D) and fixed specimen (C). (A) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype; left) and NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype; right), dorsal view. (B) NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype), ventral view. (C) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), cleared in xylene, ventral view. (D) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), magnification of anterior body. Abbreviations: ce: cerebral eyespots; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pte: pseudotentacle; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyespots; ut: uterus. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765232/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(B,C)). Mouth opening at anterior end of pharyngeal pouch. Male and female gonopores opening separately behind posterior end of pharynx (
|
||
<quantity id="B7669B6AB222FF862905FE65FB05FE06" box="[1052,1156,385,410]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="0.46">0.46 mm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="B7669B6AB222FF862DCDFE40FEB8FE21" box="[212,313,420,445]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="0.86">0.86 mm</quantity>
|
||
behind, respectively) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB222FF862F59FE40FD18FE21" box="[576,665,420,445]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[160,225,848,871]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetId="figure-212@6.[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., photographs of living animal (A, B, D) and fixed specimen (C). (A) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype; left) and NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype; right), dorsal view. (B) NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype), ventral view. (C) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), cleared in xylene, ventral view. (D) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), magnification of anterior body. Abbreviations: ce: cerebral eyespots; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pte: pseudotentacle; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyespots; ut: uterus. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765232/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(C)). Male copulatory apparatus with large seminal vesicle, spherical prostatic vesicle, and armed penis papilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB222FF862EA8FE22FB8EFE43" box="[945,1039,454,479]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1371,1394]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-42@7.[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., holotype (NSMT-Pl 9505), reconstructed schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B–D) (anterior to the left). (A) Male and female copulatory apparatus. (B) Male copulatory apparatus. (C) Uterine vesicle and uterus. (D) Female copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations: cg: cement glands; cp: cement pouch; e: egg; ed: ejaculatory duct; fg: female gonopore; it: intestine; ma: male atrium; mg: male gonopore; po: penis pouch; pp: penis papilla; ps: penis sheath; pv: prostatic vesicle; sd: sperm duct; spv: spermiducal vesicle; st: stylet; sv: seminal vesicle; ut: uterus; uv: uterine vesicle; vg: vagina. Scale bars: A = 300 µm: B–D = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765234/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
(A,B)). Pair of sperm ducts forming common spermiducal vesicle before entering proximal end of seminal vesicle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB222FF862C42FDE8FE39FDB9" box="[347,440,524,549]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1371,1394]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-42@7.[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., holotype (NSMT-Pl 9505), reconstructed schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B–D) (anterior to the left). (A) Male and female copulatory apparatus. (B) Male copulatory apparatus. (C) Uterine vesicle and uterus. (D) Female copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations: cg: cement glands; cp: cement pouch; e: egg; ed: ejaculatory duct; fg: female gonopore; it: intestine; ma: male atrium; mg: male gonopore; po: penis pouch; pp: penis papilla; ps: penis sheath; pv: prostatic vesicle; sd: sperm duct; spv: spermiducal vesicle; st: stylet; sv: seminal vesicle; ut: uterus; uv: uterine vesicle; vg: vagina. Scale bars: A = 300 µm: B–D = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765234/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
(A,B)). Seminal vesicle oval, 390 µm in long axis and 150 µm in short axis, coated with thick muscular wall, leading ejaculatory duct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB222FF862EEBFDCAFBD7FDDB" box="[1010,1110,558,583]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1371,1394]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-42@7.[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., holotype (NSMT-Pl 9505), reconstructed schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B–D) (anterior to the left). (A) Male and female copulatory apparatus. (B) Male copulatory apparatus. (C) Uterine vesicle and uterus. (D) Female copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations: cg: cement glands; cp: cement pouch; e: egg; ed: ejaculatory duct; fg: female gonopore; it: intestine; ma: male atrium; mg: male gonopore; po: penis pouch; pp: penis papilla; ps: penis sheath; pv: prostatic vesicle; sd: sperm duct; spv: spermiducal vesicle; st: stylet; sv: seminal vesicle; ut: uterus; uv: uterine vesicle; vg: vagina. Scale bars: A = 300 µm: B–D = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765234/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
(A)). Prostatic vesicle spherical, 136 µm in diameter, coated with thin muscular wall; inner wall of prostatic vesicle lined with glandular epithelium consisting of tall cells (ca. 50 µm in length) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB222FF862C65FD72FE5CFD33" box="[380,477,662,687]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1371,1394]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-42@7.[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., holotype (NSMT-Pl 9505), reconstructed schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B–D) (anterior to the left). (A) Male and female copulatory apparatus. (B) Male copulatory apparatus. (C) Uterine vesicle and uterus. (D) Female copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations: cg: cement glands; cp: cement pouch; e: egg; ed: ejaculatory duct; fg: female gonopore; it: intestine; ma: male atrium; mg: male gonopore; po: penis pouch; pp: penis papilla; ps: penis sheath; pv: prostatic vesicle; sd: sperm duct; spv: spermiducal vesicle; st: stylet; sv: seminal vesicle; ut: uterus; uv: uterine vesicle; vg: vagina. Scale bars: A = 300 µm: B–D = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765234/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
(B)). Prostatic duct opening into penis papilla. Ejaculatory duct connecting to prostatic duct before proximal end of penis papilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB222FF862EEFFD5DFBD7FD4E" box="[1014,1110,697,722]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1371,1394]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-42@7.[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., holotype (NSMT-Pl 9505), reconstructed schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B–D) (anterior to the left). (A) Male and female copulatory apparatus. (B) Male copulatory apparatus. (C) Uterine vesicle and uterus. (D) Female copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations: cg: cement glands; cp: cement pouch; e: egg; ed: ejaculatory duct; fg: female gonopore; it: intestine; ma: male atrium; mg: male gonopore; po: penis pouch; pp: penis papilla; ps: penis sheath; pv: prostatic vesicle; sd: sperm duct; spv: spermiducal vesicle; st: stylet; sv: seminal vesicle; ut: uterus; uv: uterine vesicle; vg: vagina. Scale bars: A = 300 µm: B–D = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765234/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
(A)). Penis papilla bearing cuticular stylet 100 µm in length, surrounded by penis sheath (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB222FF862DB1FD1AFE86FC8B" box="[168,263,766,791]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1371,1394]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-42@7.[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., holotype (NSMT-Pl 9505), reconstructed schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B–D) (anterior to the left). (A) Male and female copulatory apparatus. (B) Male copulatory apparatus. (C) Uterine vesicle and uterus. (D) Female copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations: cg: cement glands; cp: cement pouch; e: egg; ed: ejaculatory duct; fg: female gonopore; it: intestine; ma: male atrium; mg: male gonopore; po: penis pouch; pp: penis papilla; ps: penis sheath; pv: prostatic vesicle; sd: sperm duct; spv: spermiducal vesicle; st: stylet; sv: seminal vesicle; ut: uterus; uv: uterine vesicle; vg: vagina. Scale bars: A = 300 µm: B–D = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765234/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
(B)). Male atrium opening to exterior via male gonopore, 146 µm in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB222FF862DB1FCC5FE8AFCA6" box="[168,267,801,826]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1371,1394]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-42@7.[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., holotype (NSMT-Pl 9505), reconstructed schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B–D) (anterior to the left). (A) Male and female copulatory apparatus. (B) Male copulatory apparatus. (C) Uterine vesicle and uterus. (D) Female copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations: cg: cement glands; cp: cement pouch; e: egg; ed: ejaculatory duct; fg: female gonopore; it: intestine; ma: male atrium; mg: male gonopore; po: penis pouch; pp: penis papilla; ps: penis sheath; pv: prostatic vesicle; sd: sperm duct; spv: spermiducal vesicle; st: stylet; sv: seminal vesicle; ut: uterus; uv: uterine vesicle; vg: vagina. Scale bars: A = 300 µm: B–D = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765234/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
(A,B)). Female gonopore located at distance of
|
||
<quantity id="B7669B6AB222FF862E52FCC5FC26FCA6" box="[843,935,801,826]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
posterior to male gonopore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB222FF862C3BFCA0FE06FCC1" box="[290,391,836,861]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[160,225,848,871]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetId="figure-212@6.[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., photographs of living animal (A, B, D) and fixed specimen (C). (A) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype; left) and NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype; right), dorsal view. (B) NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype), ventral view. (C) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), cleared in xylene, ventral view. (D) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), magnification of anterior body. Abbreviations: ce: cerebral eyespots; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pte: pseudotentacle; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyespots; ut: uterus. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765232/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Figures 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(C), 2(A)). Pair of uteri filled with multiple eggs, each having 3–4 uterine vesicles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB222FF862C7DFC82FE42FCE3" box="[356,451,870,895]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1371,1394]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-42@7.[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., holotype (NSMT-Pl 9505), reconstructed schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B–D) (anterior to the left). (A) Male and female copulatory apparatus. (B) Male copulatory apparatus. (C) Uterine vesicle and uterus. (D) Female copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations: cg: cement glands; cp: cement pouch; e: egg; ed: ejaculatory duct; fg: female gonopore; it: intestine; ma: male atrium; mg: male gonopore; po: penis pouch; pp: penis papilla; ps: penis sheath; pv: prostatic vesicle; sd: sperm duct; spv: spermiducal vesicle; st: stylet; sv: seminal vesicle; ut: uterus; uv: uterine vesicle; vg: vagina. Scale bars: A = 300 µm: B–D = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765234/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
(C)), running anteriorly on both sides from
|
||
<quantity id="B7669B6AB222FF862EDBFC82FB9AFCE3" box="[962,1051,870,895]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
distance from posterior end of body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB222FF862CE6FC6DFDDDFC3E" box="[511,604,905,930]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[160,225,848,871]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetId="figure-212@6.[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., photographs of living animal (A, B, D) and fixed specimen (C). (A) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype; left) and NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype; right), dorsal view. (B) NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype), ventral view. (C) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), cleared in xylene, ventral view. (D) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), magnification of anterior body. Abbreviations: ce: cerebral eyespots; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pte: pseudotentacle; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyespots; ut: uterus. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765232/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(B,C)), fusing before entering proximal end of vagina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB222FF862DE7FC48FEDBFC59" box="[254,346,940,965]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[160,225,848,871]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetId="figure-212@6.[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., photographs of living animal (A, B, D) and fixed specimen (C). (A) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype; left) and NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype; right), dorsal view. (B) NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype), ventral view. (C) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), cleared in xylene, ventral view. (D) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), magnification of anterior body. Abbreviations: ce: cerebral eyespots; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pte: pseudotentacle; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyespots; ut: uterus. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765232/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(C)). Lang’s vesicle absent. Vagina curving down, leading to cement pouch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB222FF862C19FC2AFEE6FC7B" box="[256,359,974,999]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1371,1394]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-42@7.[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., holotype (NSMT-Pl 9505), reconstructed schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B–D) (anterior to the left). (A) Male and female copulatory apparatus. (B) Male copulatory apparatus. (C) Uterine vesicle and uterus. (D) Female copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations: cg: cement glands; cp: cement pouch; e: egg; ed: ejaculatory duct; fg: female gonopore; it: intestine; ma: male atrium; mg: male gonopore; po: penis pouch; pp: penis papilla; ps: penis sheath; pv: prostatic vesicle; sd: sperm duct; spv: spermiducal vesicle; st: stylet; sv: seminal vesicle; ut: uterus; uv: uterine vesicle; vg: vagina. Scale bars: A = 300 µm: B–D = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765234/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
(A,D)). Cement glands well developed around female copulatory apparatus, releasing their contents in cement pouch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB222FF862E3EFC15FC0BFB96" box="[807,906,1009,1034]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1371,1394]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-42@7.[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., holotype (NSMT-Pl 9505), reconstructed schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B–D) (anterior to the left). (A) Male and female copulatory apparatus. (B) Male copulatory apparatus. (C) Uterine vesicle and uterus. (D) Female copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations: cg: cement glands; cp: cement pouch; e: egg; ed: ejaculatory duct; fg: female gonopore; it: intestine; ma: male atrium; mg: male gonopore; po: penis pouch; pp: penis papilla; ps: penis sheath; pv: prostatic vesicle; sd: sperm duct; spv: spermiducal vesicle; st: stylet; sv: seminal vesicle; ut: uterus; uv: uterine vesicle; vg: vagina. Scale bars: A = 300 µm: B–D = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765234/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
(A,D)). Female atrium opening to exterior via female gonopore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB222FF862FB9FBF0FC82FBB1" box="[672,771,1044,1069]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1371,1394]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-42@7.[163,1153,142,1340]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., holotype (NSMT-Pl 9505), reconstructed schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B–D) (anterior to the left). (A) Male and female copulatory apparatus. (B) Male copulatory apparatus. (C) Uterine vesicle and uterus. (D) Female copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations: cg: cement glands; cp: cement pouch; e: egg; ed: ejaculatory duct; fg: female gonopore; it: intestine; ma: male atrium; mg: male gonopore; po: penis pouch; pp: penis papilla; ps: penis sheath; pv: prostatic vesicle; sd: sperm duct; spv: spermiducal vesicle; st: stylet; sv: seminal vesicle; ut: uterus; uv: uterine vesicle; vg: vagina. Scale bars: A = 300 µm: B–D = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765234/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
(A)). Sucker 0.3 µm in diameter, situated at distance of
|
||
<quantity id="B7669B6AB222FF862CB7FBD2FD87FBD3" box="[430,518,1078,1103]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
posterior to female gonopore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB222FF862E61FBD2FC53FBD3" box="[888,978,1078,1103]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[160,225,848,871]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetId="figure-212@6.[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., photographs of living animal (A, B, D) and fixed specimen (C). (A) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype; left) and NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype; right), dorsal view. (B) NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype), ventral view. (C) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), cleared in xylene, ventral view. (D) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), magnification of anterior body. Abbreviations: ce: cerebral eyespots; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pte: pseudotentacle; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyespots; ut: uterus. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765232/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(C)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="24E16607B22DFF892DB9FABFFBE7F9BE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765234" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14765234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765234/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" startId="7.[160,225,1371,1394]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1340]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7021368FB22DFF892DB9FABFFBE7F9BE" blockId="7.[160,1157,1371,1570]" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB22DFF892DB9FABFFF79FAEE" bold="true" box="[160,248,1371,1394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB22DFF892DE7FABFFE59FAEE" authorityName="Tsuyuki & Kohtsuka & Okuno" authorityYear="2025" box="[254,472,1371,1394]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fragum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB22DFF892DE7FABFFE59FAEE" box="[254,472,1371,1394]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">Prostheceraeus fragum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB22DFF892CC4FABFFD94FAEE" bold="true" box="[477,533,1371,1394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59D957E6B22DFF892CC4FABFFD94FAEE" box="[477,533,1371,1394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, holotype (NSMT-Pl 9505), reconstructed schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B–D) (anterior to the left). (A) Male and female copulatory apparatus. (B) Male copulatory apparatus. (C) Uterine vesicle and uterus. (D) Female copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations: cg: cement glands; cp: cement pouch; e: egg; ed: ejaculatory duct; fg: female gonopore; it: intestine; ma: male atrium; mg: male gonopore; po: penis pouch; pp: penis papilla; ps: penis sheath; pv: prostatic vesicle; sd: sperm duct; spv: spermiducal vesicle; st: stylet; sv: seminal vesicle; ut: uterus; uv: uterine vesicle; vg: vagina. Scale bars: A = 300 µm: B–D = 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="38846504B222FF862DB9FB9FFE7DFB09" box="[160,508,1147,1173]" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="7021368FB222FF862DB9FB9FFE7DFB09" blockId="8.[160,1157,1147,1346]" box="[160,508,1147,1173]" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB222FF862DB9FB9FFE7DFB09" bold="true" box="[160,508,1147,1173]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Type locality and distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="38846504B222FF862DB9FB7BFD1BFADE" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="7021368FB222FF862DB9FB7BFD1BFADE" blockId="8.[160,1157,1147,1346]" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<location id="75416054B222FF862DB9FB7BFE98FB24" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F8378799B22FFF872C0EFC27FE4EF9FB:75416054B222FF862DB9FB7BFE98FB24" box="[160,281,1183,1208]" country="Japan" county="Miura Peninsula" latitude="35.135532" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="139.54578" municipality="Sagami Bay" name="Specimens" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" stateProvince="Kanagawa">Specimens</location>
|
||
were collected from the sublittoral zone at a depth of
|
||
<quantity id="B7669B6AB222FF862E97FB7BFB8AFB24" box="[910,1035,1183,1208]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.505" metricValueMax="1.7899999999999998" metricValueMin="1.22" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" unit="m" value="150.5" valueMax="179.0" valueMin="122.0">
|
||
<elevation id="FBB3D1BCB222FF862E97FB7BFB8AFB24" box="[910,1035,1183,1208]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.505" metricValueMax="1.7899999999999998" metricValueMin="1.22" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" unit="m" value="150.5" valueMax="179.0" valueMin="122.0">122–179 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="9045ACF5B222FF862928FB7BFF4DFB46" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Sagami Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, off the coast of
|
||
<collectingCounty id="99404E03B222FF862CA1FB25FDFDFB46" box="[440,636,1217,1242]" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Miura Peninsula</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B25AF86DB222FF862F89FB25FC88FB46" box="[656,777,1217,1242]" country="Japan" name="Kanagawa" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Kanagawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0889761FB222FF862E05FB25FCDEFB46" box="[796,863,1217,1242]" name="Japan" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(between
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="15AA5048B222FF862EF4FB25FB01FB46" box="[1005,1152,1217,1242]" degrees="35.140117" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" precision="1" value="35.140118">35.140117°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="15AA5048B222FF862DB9FB00FEB7FB61" box="[160,310,1252,1277]" degrees="139.546833" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" precision="1" value="139.54683">139.546833°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="15AA5048B222FF862C75FB00FE7DFB61" box="[364,508,1252,1277]" degrees="35.135533" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" precision="1" value="35.135532">35.135533°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="15AA5048B222FF862F1DFB00FD1EFB61" box="[516,671,1252,1277]" degrees="139.545783" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" precision="1" value="139.54578">139.545783°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), at
|
||
<elevation id="FBB3D1BCB222FF862FD1FB00FC0EFB61" box="[712,911,1252,1277]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.505" metricValueMax="1.7899999999999998" metricValueMin="1.22" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" unit="m" value="150.5" valueMax="179.0" valueMin="122.0">
|
||
<quantity id="B7669B6AB222FF862FD1FB00FCC2FB61" box="[712,835,1252,1277]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.505" metricValueMax="1.7899999999999998" metricValueMin="1.22" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" unit="m" value="150.5" valueMax="179.0" valueMin="122.0">122–179 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
. Tentatively identified euryleptid polyclads with a similar dorsal colour pattern have also been reported from the sublittoral zone in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0889761FB222FF862C6AFACDFE61FADE" box="[371,480,1321,1346]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB222FF862CF5FACDFD0CFADE" author="Ryanskiy A" box="[492,653,1321,1346]" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" refId="ref13792" refString="Ryanskiy A. 2021. Marine Flatworms of the Tropical Indo-Pacific Coral Reef Academy: Indo-Pacific Photo Guides. Egypt: Andrey Ryanskiy." type="book" year="2021">Ryanskiy 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="38846504B222FF862DB9FA8AFEFDF9A9" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="7021368FB222FF862DB9FA8AFF78FA14" blockId="8.[160,1155,1390,1589]" box="[160,249,1390,1416]" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB222FF862DB9FA8AFF78FA14" bold="true" box="[160,249,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7021368FB222FF862DB9FA76FEFDF9A9" blockId="8.[160,1155,1390,1589]" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">
|
||
The collected specimens were found inhabiting coarse sand and seashell substrates on the seafloor at depths ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="B7669B6AB222FF862F5CFA50FD61FA51" box="[581,736,1460,1485]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" unit="m" value="140.0" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="100.0">100 to 180 m</quantity>
|
||
by dredging. An underwater photograph of a closely related species captured by a scuba diver in shallower waters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB222FF862938FA33FF59F98F" author="Ryanskiy A" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" refId="ref13792" refString="Ryanskiy A. 2021. Marine Flatworms of the Tropical Indo-Pacific Coral Reef Academy: Indo-Pacific Photo Guides. Egypt: Andrey Ryanskiy." type="book" year="2021">Ryanskiy 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) suggests the possibility of the species occurring in shallower habitats (see Discussion section).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="38846504B222FF872DB9F985FDCEFEC9" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="7021368FB222FF862DB9F985FEBEF9E7" blockId="8.[160,1155,1633,1728]" box="[160,319,1633,1659]" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB222FF862DB9F985FEBEF9E7" bold="true" box="[160,319,1633,1659]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">COI sequence</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7021368FB222FF872DB9F961FDCEFEC9" blockId="8.[160,1155,1633,1728]" lastBlockId="9.[160,1156,142,341]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C0F63CD2B222FF862DB9F961FE8BF95C" accessionNumber="LC856622" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" specimenCode="NSMT-Pl 9505" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
The determined COI sequence (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="6FCDAB6CB222FF862F19F961FDF3F902" box="[512,626,1669,1694]" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">LC856622</accessionNumber>
|
||
) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF25882DB222FF862FFEF961FCCAF902" box="[743,843,1669,1694]" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="20389EF4B222FF862E4EF961FC76F902" box="[855,1015,1669,1694]" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">NSMT-Pl 9505</specimenCode>
|
||
) was 715 bp in length.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C0F63CD2B222FF872C09F943FEF8FF71" accessionNumber="MT896282, MT896283, MN690539, MZ273078" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">
|
||
BLASTn of the sequence returned 84.01% identity with published
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB222FF872EF3F943FF67FF3B" authorityName="Newman & Cannon" authorityYear="1994" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Pseudobiceros" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="312" order="Polycladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="311" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB222FF872EF3F943FF67FF3B" italics="true" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="8" pageNumber="311">Pseudobiceros stellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequences (GenBank accession
|
||
<accessionNumber id="6FCDAB6CB223FF872F7EFF6AFCC0FF3B" box="[615,833,142,167]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">MT896282–896283</accessionNumber>
|
||
) at maximum, followed by 83.93% of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872C00FF55FDA9FF56" authorityName="Newman & Cannon" authorityYear="1994" box="[281,552,177,202]" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Pseudobiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="damawan">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872C00FF55FDA9FF56" box="[281,552,177,202]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Pseudobiceros damawan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequence (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="6FCDAB6CB223FF872FB3FF55FCA6FF56" box="[682,807,177,202]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">MN690539</accessionNumber>
|
||
) and 83.79% of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872EF8FF55FF65FF71" authorityName="Lang, Pink" authorityYear="1884" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="roseus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872EF8FF55FF65FF71" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus roseus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<accessionNumber id="6FCDAB6CB223FF872DEBFF30FEEEFF71" box="[242,367,212,237]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">MZ273078</accessionNumber>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
The sequence of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF25882DB223FF872F69FF30FD55FF71" box="[624,724,212,237]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872FE2FF30FCEFFF71" authorityName="Tsuyuki & Kohtsuka & Okuno" authorityYear="2025" box="[763,878,212,237]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fragum" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872FE2FF30FCEFFF71" box="[763,878,212,237]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Pr. fragum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872E6FFF30FC36FF71" bold="true" box="[886,951,212,237]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59D957E6B223FF872E6FFF30FC36FF71" box="[886,951,212,237]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
did not show the most similarity to the published
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872F30FF12FD4FFE93" authorityName="Schmarda" authorityYear="1859" box="[553,718,246,271]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872F30FF12FD4FFE93" box="[553,718,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequence, but this could be due to different rates in query cover among the compared sequences (41–42% for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872DB9FED8FEF2FEC9" box="[160,371,316,341]" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Pseudobiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872DB9FED8FEB8FEC9" box="[160,313,316,341]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Pseudobiceros</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 71% for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872CC2FED8FDC3FEC9" authorityName="Lang, Pink" authorityYear="1884" box="[475,578,316,341]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="roseus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872CC2FED8FDC3FEC9" box="[475,578,316,341]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Pr. roseus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="38846504B223FF872DB9FE74FE4EF9FB" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="7021368FB223FF872DB9FE74FE87FE36" blockId="9.[160,1156,400,1639]" box="[160,262,400,426]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872DB9FE74FE87FE36" bold="true" box="[160,262,400,426]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7021368FB223FF872DB9FE50FE4EF9FB" blockId="9.[160,1156,400,1639]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">
|
||
Based on the presence of key morphological features, the collected specimens were assigned to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872C83FE32FDBDFE73" authorityName="Schmarda" authorityYear="1859" box="[410,572,470,495]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872C83FE32FDBDFE73" box="[410,572,470,495]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These features include: (1) a pair of slender, pointed pseudotentacles, (2) an intestine with a network of anastomosing branches, and (3) a pair of uteri with multiple uterine vesicles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872F54FDF8FD59FDA9" author="Faubel A" box="[589,728,540,565]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" pagination="189 - 259" refId="ref12163" refString="Faubel A. 1984. The Polycladida, Turbellaria. Proposal and establishment of a new system. Part II. The Cotylea. Mitt Hamb Zool Mus Inst. 81: 189 - 259." type="journal article" year="1984">Faubel 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872FFDFDF8FC00FDA9" author="Prudhoe S" box="[740,897,540,565]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" refId="ref13539" refString="Prudhoe S. 1985. A monograph on polyclad Turbellaria. Oxford: Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1985">Prudhoe 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). So far,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872EF8FDF8FF70FDCB" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872EF8FDF8FB02FDA9" box="[993,1155,540,565]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been distinguished from each other based on external body colour patterns (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872DBFFD85FE14FDE6" author="Cuadrado D & Rodriguez J & Moro L & Grande C & Norena C" box="[166,405,609,634]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref11824" refString="Cuadrado D, Rodriguez J, Moro L, Grande C, Norena C. 2021. Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia. Eur J Taxon. 736: 1 - 43. doi: 10.5852 / ejt. 2021.736.1249." type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Cuadrado
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872C07FD85FED1FDE6" box="[286,336,609,634]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872CBDFD85FD00FDE6" author="Soutullo P & Cuadrado D & Norena C" box="[420,641,609,634]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" pagination="363 - 381" refId="ref13945" refString="Soutullo P, Cuadrado D, Norena C. 2021. First study of the Polycladida (Rhabditophora, Platyhelminthes) from the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica. Zootaxa. 4964: 363 - 381. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4964.2.7." type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Soutullo
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872F13FD85FDBDFDE6" box="[522,572,609,634]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872F8EFD85FC13FDE6" authorityName="Tsuyuki & Kohtsuka & Okuno" authorityYear="2025" box="[663,914,609,634]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fragum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872F8EFD85FC13FDE6" box="[663,914,609,634]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus fragum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872E85FD85FC5CFDE6" bold="true" box="[924,989,609,634]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59D957E6B223FF872E85FD85FC5CFDE6" box="[924,989,609,634]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can be distinguished from its congeners,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872CFCFD60FC1AFD01" authority="Prudhoe, 1989" authorityName="Prudhoe" authorityYear="1989" box="[485,923,644,669]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="boucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872CFCFD60FD6FFD01" box="[485,750,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus boucheti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872FEFFD60FC1AFD01" author="Prudhoe S" box="[758,923,644,669]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" pagination="47 - 96" refId="ref13556" refString="Prudhoe S. 1989. Polyclad turbellarians recorded from African waters. Bull Br Mus Nat. 55: 47 - 96." type="journal article" year="1989">Prudhoe, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872EB0FD60FE2AFD23" authority="Soutullo et al., 2021" authorityName="Soutullo" authorityYear="2021" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fitae">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872EB0FD60FB05FD01" box="[937,1156,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus fitae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872DB9FD42FE2AFD23" author="Soutullo P & Cuadrado D & Norena C" box="[160,427,678,703]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" pagination="363 - 381" refId="ref13945" refString="Soutullo P, Cuadrado D, Norena C. 2021. First study of the Polycladida (Rhabditophora, Platyhelminthes) from the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica. Zootaxa. 4964: 363 - 381. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4964.2.7." type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Soutullo
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872C0CFD42FED3FD23" box="[277,338,678,703]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872CDCFD42FD09FD23" box="[453,648,678,703]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fuscolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872CDCFD42FD09FD23" box="[453,648,678,703]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Pr. fuscolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872FBAFD42FBFFFD23" authority="Lang, 1884" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[675,1150,678,703]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="giesbrechtii">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872FBAFD42FC5FFD23" box="[675,990,678,703]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus giesbrechtii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872EEAFD42FBFFFD23" author="Lang A" box="[1011,1150,678,703]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" refId="ref12721" refString="Lang A. 1884. Die Polycladen (Seeplanarien) des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Eine Monographie. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann." type="book" year="1884">Lang, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872DB9FD2DFD19FD7E" authority="(Kelaart, 1858)" baseAuthorityName="Kelaart" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[160,664,713,738]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="meleagrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872DB9FD2DFE5FFD7E" box="[160,478,713,738]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus meleagrinus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872CEBFD2DFD0EFD7E" author="Kelaart EE" box="[498,655,713,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" pagination="84 - 139" refId="ref12555" refString="Kelaart EE. 1858. Description of new and little known species of Ceylon nudibranchiate molluscs and zoophytes. J Ceylon Branch Roy Asiatic Soc. 3: 84 - 139." type="journal article" year="1858">Kelaart, 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872FB3FD2DFBFFFD7E" authority="Lang, 1884" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[682,1150,713,738]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudolimax">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872FB3FD2DFC6DFD7E" box="[682,1004,713,738]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus pseudolimax</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872EE3FD2DFBFFFD7E" author="Lang A" box="[1018,1150,713,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" refId="ref12721" refString="Lang A. 1884. Die Polycladen (Seeplanarien) des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Eine Monographie. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann." type="book" year="1884">Lang, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872DB9FD08FD9AFC99" authority="Lang, 1884" authorityName="Lang, Pink" authorityYear="1884" box="[160,539,748,773]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="roseus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872DB9FD08FE10FC99" box="[160,401,748,773]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus roseus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872C84FD08FD9AFC99" author="Lang A" box="[413,539,748,773]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" refId="ref12721" refString="Lang A. 1884. Die Polycladen (Seeplanarien) des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Eine Monographie. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann." type="book" year="1884">Lang, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872F78FD08FBA9FC99" authority="(Montagu, 1815)" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[609,1064,748,773]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="vittatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872F78FD08FCDEFC99" box="[609,863,748,773]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus vittatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872E68FD08FBA1FC99" author="Montagu G" box="[881,1056,748,773]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" pagination="25 - 26" refId="ref12850" refString="Montagu G. 1815. Description of several new or rare animals principally marine, discovered on the south coast of Devonshire. Trans. Linn. Soc. 11: 25 - 26." type="journal article" year="1815">Montagu, 1815</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by the complete absence of longitudinal lines on its dorsal surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB223FF872E5FFCEAFC33FCBB" box="[838,946,782,807]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[160,225,848,871]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetId="figure-212@6.[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., photographs of living animal (A, B, D) and fixed specimen (C). (A) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype; left) and NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype; right), dorsal view. (B) NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype), ventral view. (C) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), cleared in xylene, ventral view. (D) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), magnification of anterior body. Abbreviations: ce: cerebral eyespots; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pte: pseudotentacle; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyespots; ut: uterus. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765232/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Figure 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="3D1C0334B223FF872EA7FCEAFB8EFCBB" box="[958,1039,782,807]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[133,189,469,492]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of the dorsal body colour patterns among Prostheceraeus species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/24E16607B220FF842D9CFE31FC64FE70" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" tableUuid="24E16607B220FF842D9CFE31FC64FE70">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Our new species can further be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872F83FCD5FBCCFCD6" authority="(Hyman, 1939)" baseAuthorityName="Hyman" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[666,1101,817,842]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crozieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872F83FCD5FC18FCD6" box="[666,921,817,842]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus crozieri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872EB3FCD5FBC4FCD6" author="Hyman LH" box="[938,1093,817,842]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref12270" refString="Hyman LH. 1939. Acoel and polyclad Turbellaria from Bermuda and the Sargassum. Bull Bingham Oceanogr Collect. 7: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1939">Hyman, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872DB9FCB0FDAEFCF1" authority="Hyman, 1955 a" authorityName="Hyman, Whitish" authorityYear="1955" box="[160,559,852,877]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872DB9FCB0FE07FCF1" box="[160,390,852,877]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus zebra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872C97FCB0FDAEFCF1" author="Hyman LH" box="[398,559,852,877]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" pagination="259 - 268" refId="ref12296" refString="Hyman LH. 1955 a. A further study of the polyclad flatworms of the West Indian region. Bull Mar Sci Gulf Caribb. 5: 259 - 268." type="journal article" year="1955">Hyman, 1955a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by lacking any transversal lines on its dorsal surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB223FF872DB1FC92FE96FC13" box="[168,279,886,911]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[160,225,848,871]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetId="figure-212@6.[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., photographs of living animal (A, B, D) and fixed specimen (C). (A) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype; left) and NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype; right), dorsal view. (B) NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype), ventral view. (C) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), cleared in xylene, ventral view. (D) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), magnification of anterior body. Abbreviations: ce: cerebral eyespots; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pte: pseudotentacle; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyespots; ut: uterus. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765232/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Figure 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="3D1C0334B223FF872C3EFC92FEFCFC13" box="[295,381,886,911]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[133,189,469,492]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of the dorsal body colour patterns among Prostheceraeus species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/24E16607B220FF842D9CFE31FC64FE70" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" tableUuid="24E16607B220FF842D9CFE31FC64FE70">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872C8DFC92FCC4FC13" authority="Lang, 1884" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[404,837,886,911]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="albocinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872C8DFC92FD3DFC13" box="[404,700,886,911]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus albocinctus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872FDEFC92FCC4FC13" author="Lang A" box="[711,837,886,911]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" refId="ref12721" refString="Lang A. 1884. Die Polycladen (Seeplanarien) des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Eine Monographie. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann." type="book" year="1884">Lang, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872E4CFC92FE19FC2E" authority="Cuadrado et al., 2021" authorityName="Cuadrado" authorityYear="2021" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crisotomum">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872E4CFC92FB02FC13" box="[853,1155,886,911]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus crisotomum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872DB9FC7DFE19FC2E" author="Cuadrado D & Rodriguez J & Moro L & Grande C & Norena C" box="[160,408,921,946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref11824" refString="Cuadrado D, Rodriguez J, Moro L, Grande C, Norena C. 2021. Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia. Eur J Taxon. 736: 1 - 43. doi: 10.5852 / ejt. 2021.736.1249." type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Cuadrado
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872C01FC7DFECAFC2E" box="[280,331,921,946]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872CB1FC7DFCEBFC2E" authority="(Verrill, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[424,874,921,946]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="maculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872CB1FC7DFD49FC2E" box="[424,712,921,946]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus maculosus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872FC1FC7DFCE0FC2E" author="Verrill AE" box="[728,865,921,946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" pagination="459 - 520" refId="ref14339" refString="Verrill AE. 1892. Marine planarians of New England. Trans Conn Acad Arts Sci. 8: 459 - 520." type="journal article" year="1892">Verrill, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872E60FC7DFE9DFC49" authority="Lang, 1884" authorityName="Lang, Whitish" authorityYear="1884" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="moseleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872E60FC7DFB05FC2E" box="[889,1156,921,946]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus moseleyi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872DB9FC58FE9DFC49" author="Lang A" box="[160,284,956,981]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" refId="ref12721" refString="Lang A. 1884. Die Polycladen (Seeplanarien) des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Eine Monographie. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann." type="book" year="1884">Lang, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872C30FC58FC88FC49" authority="Schmarda, 1859" authorityName="Schmarda" authorityYear="1859" box="[297,777,956,981]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nigricornus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872C30FC58FDCCFC49" box="[297,589,956,981]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus nigricornus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872F4CFC58FC88FC49" author="Schmarda LK" box="[597,777,956,981]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" refId="ref13816" refString="Schmarda LK. 1859. Neue wirbellose Thiere beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde 1853 bis 1857. Bd I: turbellarien, Rotatorien und Anneliden. Leipzig: W. Engelmann. doi: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14426." type="journal volume" year="1859">Schmarda, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872E53FC58FEC2FC6B" authority="Lang, 1884" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rubropunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872E53FC58FF41FC6B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus rubropunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872DD1FC3AFEC2FC6B" author="Lang A" box="[200,323,990,1015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" refId="ref12721" refString="Lang A. 1884. Die Polycladen (Seeplanarien) des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Eine Monographie. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann." type="book" year="1884">Lang, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess spotted or maculated dorsal surfaces. These markings differ from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872C10FBE5FEFEFB86" authorityName="Tsuyuki & Kohtsuka & Okuno" authorityYear="2025" box="[265,383,1025,1050]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fragum" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872C10FBE5FEFEFB86" box="[265,383,1025,1050]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Pr. fragum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872C90FBE5FE4DFB86" bold="true" box="[393,460,1025,1050]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59D957E6B223FF872C90FBE5FE4DFB86" box="[393,460,1025,1050]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in several aspects: colouration (red or reddish purple in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872971FBE5FF6EFBA1" authorityName="Tsuyuki & Kohtsuka & Okuno" authorityYear="2025" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fragum" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872971FBE5FF6EFBA1" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Pr. fragum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872DECFBC0FEB5FBA1" bold="true" box="[245,308,1060,1085]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59D957E6B223FF872DECFBC0FEB5FBA1" box="[245,308,1060,1085]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; brown to black in other species) and distribution (along the body periphery and midline in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872C4DFBA2FE48FBC3" authorityName="Tsuyuki & Kohtsuka & Okuno" authorityYear="2025" box="[340,457,1094,1119]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fragum" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872C4DFBA2FE48FBC3" box="[340,457,1094,1119]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Pr. fragum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872CCCFBA2FD99FBC3" bold="true" box="[469,536,1094,1119]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59D957E6B223FF872CCCFBA2FD99FBC3" box="[469,536,1094,1119]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; scattered across the dorsal surface in other species) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8A52A0AB223FF872DB1FB8DFE8BFB1E" box="[168,266,1129,1154]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[160,225,848,871]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetId="figure-212@6.[163,1153,142,816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Prostheceraeus fragum sp. n., photographs of living animal (A, B, D) and fixed specimen (C). (A) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype; left) and NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype; right), dorsal view. (B) NSMT-Pl 9507 (paratype), ventral view. (C) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), cleared in xylene, ventral view. (D) NSMT-Pl 9505 (holotype), magnification of anterior body. Abbreviations: ce: cerebral eyespots; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pte: pseudotentacle; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyespots; ut: uterus. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14765232/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(A);
|
||
<tableCitation id="3D1C0334B223FF872C5FFB8DFE22FB1E" box="[326,419,1129,1154]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[133,189,469,492]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of the dorsal body colour patterns among Prostheceraeus species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/24E16607B220FF842D9CFE31FC64FE70" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" tableUuid="24E16607B220FF842D9CFE31FC64FE70">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872F7BFB8DFBC9FB1E" authority="Hyman, 1955 b" authorityName="Hyman" authorityYear="1955" box="[610,1096,1129,1154]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="floridanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872F7BFB8DFC08FB1E" box="[610,905,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus floridanus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872E80FB8DFBC9FB1E" author="Hyman LH" box="[921,1096,1129,1154]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" pagination="115 - 150" refId="ref12327" refString="Hyman LH. 1955 b. Some polyclad flatworms from the West Indies and Florida. Proc. US Natn Mus. 104: 115 - 150. doi: 10.5479 / si. 00963801.104 - 3341.115." type="journal article" year="1955">Hyman, 1955b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872DB9FB68FD1CFB39" authority="Woodworth, 1894" authorityName="Woodworth" authorityYear="1894" box="[160,669,1164,1189]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872DB9FB68FE4DFB39" box="[160,460,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872CCAFB68FD1CFB39" author="Woodworth WM" box="[467,669,1164,1189]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" pagination="49 - 52" refId="ref14362" refString="Woodworth WM. 1894. Report on the Turbellaria (Albatross-Report 9). Bull Mus Comp Zool Harvard College. 25 (4): 49 - 52." type="journal article" year="1894">Woodworth, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872E3DFB68FC17FB39" authorityName="Tsuyuki & Kohtsuka & Okuno" authorityYear="2025" box="[804,918,1164,1189]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fragum" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872E3DFB68FC17FB39" box="[804,918,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Pr. fragum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872E87FB68FC5EFB39" bold="true" box="[926,991,1164,1189]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59D957E6B223FF872E87FB68FC5EFB39" box="[926,991,1164,1189]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by possessing an irregular meshwork on their dorsal surfaces. Furthermore, our new species lacks marginal lines, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872CC8FB35FBBEFB76" authority="(Ehrenberg, 1831)" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[465,1087,1233,1258]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="flavomarginatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872CC8FB35FCC9FB76" box="[465,840,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus flavomarginatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872E7EFB35FBB6FB76" author="Ehrenberg CG" box="[871,1079,1233,1258]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" pagination="53 - 67" refId="ref12104" refString="Ehrenberg CG. 1831. Phytozoa Turbellaria Africana et Asiatica in phytozoorum tabula IV et V delineata. In: Hemprich FW, Ehrenberg CG, editors. Symbolae physicae. Animalia evertebrata exclusis insectis recensuit Dr. CG Ehrenberg. Series prima cum tabularum decade prima. Berlin: Officina Academica; p. 53 - 67." type="book chapter" year="1831">Ehrenberg, 1831</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872DB9FB10FD0BFA91" authority="Delle Chiaje, 1822" authorityName="Delle Chiaje" authorityYear="1822" box="[160,650,1268,1293]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="violaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872DB9FB10FE30FA91" box="[160,433,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus violaceus</emphasis>
|
||
Delle Chiaje, 1822
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="3D1C0334B223FF872F85FB10FD70FA91" box="[668,753,1268,1293]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[133,189,469,492]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of the dorsal body colour patterns among Prostheceraeus species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/24E16607B220FF842D9CFE31FC64FE70" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" tableUuid="24E16607B220FF842D9CFE31FC64FE70">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872E11FB10FB85FA91" authorityName="Tsuyuki & Kohtsuka & Okuno" authorityYear="2025" box="[776,1028,1268,1293]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fragum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872E11FB10FB85FA91" box="[776,1028,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus fragum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872916FB10FBD3FA91" bold="true" box="[1039,1106,1268,1293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59D957E6B223FF872916FB10FBD3FA91" box="[1039,1106,1268,1293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has a somewhat similar colour pattern to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872F7DFAF2FBBFFAB3" authority="(Quatrefages, 1845)" baseAuthorityName="Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[612,1086,1302,1327]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="argus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872F7DFAF2FCD1FAB3" box="[612,848,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus argus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872E78FAF2FBB4FAB3" author="Quatrefages AD" box="[865,1077,1302,1327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" pagination="129 - 184" refId="ref13579" refString="Quatrefages AD. 1845. Etudes sur les types inferieurs de l'embranchement des anneles: memoire sur quelques planairees marines appartenant aux genres Tricelis (Ehr.), Polycelis (Ehr.), Prosthiostomum (Nob.), Proceros (Nob.), Eolidiceros (Nob.), et Stylochus (Ehr). Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. 326: 129 - 184." type="journal article" year="1845">Quatrefages, 1845</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both exhibiting strings of purple dots along the body margins. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872EC2FADDFBD5FACE" authorityName="Tsuyuki & Kohtsuka & Okuno" authorityYear="2025" box="[987,1108,1337,1362]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fragum" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872EC2FADDFBD5FACE" box="[987,1108,1337,1362]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Pr. fragum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872979FADDFF37FAE9" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59D957E6B223FF872979FADDFF37FAE9" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can be distinguished by the absence of (1) white dots scattered over the dorsal surface and (2) marginal eyespots extending posteriorly, both of which are present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF87293BFA9AFB02FA0B" baseAuthorityName="Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[1058,1155,1406,1431]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="argus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF87293BFA9AFB02FA0B" box="[1058,1155,1406,1431]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Pr. argus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="3D1C0334B223FF872DB1FA45FF78FA26" box="[168,249,1441,1466]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[133,189,469,492]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of the dorsal body colour patterns among Prostheceraeus species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/24E16607B220FF842D9CFE31FC64FE70" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" tableUuid="24E16607B220FF842D9CFE31FC64FE70">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). While information on the colouration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872FD6FA45FB02FA26" authority="Haswell, 1907" authorityName="Haswell" authorityYear="1907" box="[719,1155,1441,1466]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="anomalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872FD6FA45FC65FA26" box="[719,996,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus anomalus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872EF3FA45FB02FA26" author="Haswell WA" box="[1002,1155,1441,1466]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" pagination="465 - 485" refId="ref12229" refString="Haswell WA. 1907. Observations on Australian polyclads. Trans Linn Soc London 2 Zool. 9 (9): 465 - 485. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1907. tb 00455. x." type="journal article" year="1907">Haswell, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is lacking, a distinct anatomical feature separates these species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872E77FA20FB05FA41" authorityName="Haswell" authorityYear="1907" box="[878,1156,1476,1501]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="anomalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872E77FA20FB05FA41" box="[878,1156,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Prostheceraeus anomalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses a unique vesicle, the ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872F11FA02FD71FA63" box="[520,752,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">receptacula seminalis</emphasis>
|
||
’, that connects to the vagina rather than the oviducts or uteri (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="140F4B7EB223FF872CD6F9EDFDE7F9BE" author="Haswell WA" box="[463,614,1545,1570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" pagination="465 - 485" refId="ref12229" refString="Haswell WA. 1907. Observations on Australian polyclads. Trans Linn Soc London 2 Zool. 9 (9): 465 - 485. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1907. tb 00455. x." type="journal article" year="1907">Haswell 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 482), a feature absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872EB3F9EDFB9CF9BE" authorityName="Tsuyuki & Kohtsuka & Okuno" authorityYear="2025" box="[938,1053,1545,1570]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fragum" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872EB3F9EDFB9CF9BE" box="[938,1053,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Pr. fragum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF87293CF9EDFBE7F9BE" bold="true" box="[1061,1126,1545,1570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59D957E6B223FF87293CF9EDFBE7F9BE" box="[1061,1126,1545,1570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In conclusion, our new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79E4D0CB223FF872CF8F9C8FDD3F9D9" authorityName="Tsuyuki & Kohtsuka & Okuno" authorityYear="2025" box="[481,594,1580,1605]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fragum" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872CF8F9C8FDD3F9D9" box="[481,594,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Pr. fragum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42EAEA9DB223FF872F43F9C8FD18F9D9" bold="true" box="[602,665,1580,1605]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59D957E6B223FF872F43F9C8FD18F9D9" box="[602,665,1580,1605]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can be morphologically distinguished from the 22 possible congeners.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |