plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/89/2A/43/892A43C226717AA2B9E45E65AC972314.xml
maintenance a7efb03b47 added 89
2024-06-21 12:43:03 +02:00

315 lines
38 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="FFF93A13CB3E5B2FC389AEB9C2C72075" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ef290f2-f65d-4dfa-afbd-2fbb505860ab" ID-PMC="PMC5904508" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-745-1" ID-PubMed="29670448" ID-ZooBank="16F1AE595650485F9D8C6149E962D461" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-745-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 745" ModsDocTitle="Synopsis of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)" checkinTime="1521799043702" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Moore, Matthew R., Cave, Ronald D. &amp; Branham, Marc A." docDate="2018" docId="892A43C226717AA2B9E45E65AC972314" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 745: 1-99" docOrigin="ZooKeys 745" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683" docTitle="Surutu Martinez 1955" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="C24FFFFC630B3774FFCFDB4EFFAFAD27" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1701315738437" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="C36CBA376E598AE39ACD08DEF645E9CF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="5463054243602CBA6C6497A8EFAC5CD5">
<mods:title id="EE40B951212C3BCE87A36A89B66E371C">Synopsis of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="6AB3A42C8D33FDA5F6176CE5B1D802CA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8E1276CE288BAF639F54EED819A5DBEE">
<mods:roleTerm id="EE4043733777F086A4641EC6970B0456">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CE5F198B3604F87F7E3171A96EEE8EEF">Moore, Matthew R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9DB072087A6C35C6C26F0B3F4019D0E3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="646225E67C4D6E3B92E872831AA213EC">
<mods:roleTerm id="4D3557E375E9DA00A328421977CE3A9B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A73111BCBB02FB0D70EF0FA3642AA491">Cave, Ronald D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2ECF54784F042530C3EF7815FFACA5D4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2A60028CFA89C344C9AA1A80520951CA">
<mods:roleTerm id="E98B59D95E7167BA2A844E0353962F92">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8426AADC491B9FD9455C8AB7F55FAAA8">Branham, Marc A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="48CE998EE076523F5738D0D5E557B820">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="28027BC509F12A8EB4DBD477C5BD35E3" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="8C9E5821D78D354E645B579A9117FEB5">
<mods:title id="7EF29FC0A791586B5501E75AEE6E8AEF">ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A3F3FC6012A3C5E32C0024794BA83B37">
<mods:date id="A61D7399BA45DF811CECDAB9AE1817A3">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="DA0DAF51880043BB8CEC6D964BBFE309" type="volume">
<mods:number id="7D0872A4F3B3E5104FFD8C6729C3DF73">745</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="BFC721D975D21E7F27E4B2F02F1385F0" unit="page">
<mods:start id="EC58CB1B6095B0F3CC95B6F0544CC142">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="59F44D18F95676BD2E268636DC55F013">99</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="8E040FB5D19F636ED0A04442CB3210C6">
<mods:url id="DDC1427C0DB217BE1A3B29872319FE01">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="2022BB737C80EA432CE0E1C9C9C9907F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="841560832363C7266BFBAA2F5A9ACFD8" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6B227C9B2608B2231FF71B0793DA1941" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-745-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3CFB8133C15D0772C0E65C5380674879" type="ZooBank">16F1AE595650485F9D8C6149E962D461</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="892A43C226717AA2B9E45E65AC972314" ID-GBIF-Taxon="142479964" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:892A43C226717AA2B9E45E65AC972314" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/892A43C226717AA2B9E45E65AC972314" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<subSubSection id="D7D88FE8916E112A7224C29E261E1617" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D5943C4A6779348B57D69EDD5007DB26" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="87CA73375800F37BEBEBED070EF5CCBE" ID-CoL="6463J" authority="Martinez, 1955" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
Surutu
<normalizedToken id="DE7EB7AD7EC351C613964E7F1D845425" originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
, 1955
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1A1944C829C8880F0D40860592B77522" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="type species">
<paragraph id="6626203345BC1B8521B97790E155E786" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="640F89F62DD6EB8FAF59145AE0549662" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="A2888E283F4239D4091267C366253049" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu dytiscoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">Surutu dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="B0F94146F582581910FC98AFE290070F" originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
, 1955: 245-249, by monotypy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5C07AFC61C8B661517F236C1DA697789" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="valid taxa">
<paragraph id="967E612AE143F72170E9EE8B52DA1625" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Valid taxa.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2F3EC2931A48B324E0C456311001E5" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Five species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="85BCC391E02D4CC6A788CE847A31436F" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
The five species of the South American genus
<taxonomicName id="8EAD8281D09F7DDABD98679F6AA87240" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
are distributed in Colombia, Bolivia, and Brazil (
<bibRefCitation id="6F93A972A36A266A4E2160EF1348FF30" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<normalizedToken id="BC5C6F6FE5970CBED54EDC7D58597925" originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
1955
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E45EAA1C098ED892021CAFDD3DB1C020" author="D'Andretta, MAV" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="185 - 194" title="Una nueva especie del genero Surutu Martinez." volume="4" year="1956">
<normalizedToken id="D2E9BBD434753DFA2FB08D0F60580861" originalValue="D’Andretta">D'Andretta</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken id="190636C3EB6467BA2EA125D8499D5E5D" originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
1956
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FA25B627E1578C93CA14B1579480D9F9" author="Endrodi, S" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Abhandlungen des Staatlichen Museums fuer Tierkunde Dresden" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 460" title="Monographie der Dynastinae (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). I. Teil." volume="33" year="1966">
<normalizedToken id="F1E8F1D0E4B5694C7DA9DA187EEE2424" originalValue="Endrődi">Endrodi</normalizedToken>
1966
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F80185161C7F130E858ADE1891483C10" author="Endrodi, S" journalOrPublisher="Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="155 - 158" title="Zur Gattung Surutu Martinez (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae, Dynastinae)." volume="67" year="1975 a">1975a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="21B80E10E2D4ABA495BB0D934E971E98" author="Endrodi, S" journalOrPublisher="Junk Publisher, Dordrecht" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" title="The Dynastinae of the World. Dr. W." year="1985 a">1985a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4292CBE89B539B9F680640D9B7C26C4B" author="Ratcliffe, BC" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="107 - 112" title="New species and distribution records of Surutu from Amazonian Brazil (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)." volume="35" year="1981">Ratcliffe 1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D7954922A6DF08E2A83732027ACF34DE" author="Andreazze, R" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="431 - 435" title="Dinastineos (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae) do Parque Nacional do Jau, Amazonas Brasil." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43922001313435" volume="31" year="2001">Andreazze 2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="7A1BFD017DA3B221DBB7D1188D87E13C" author="Otavo, SE" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="735 - 752" title="Superfamilia Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) como elemento bioindicator de perturbacion antropogenica en un parque nacional amazonico." url="https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v61i2.11219" volume="61" year="2013">Otavo et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
) (Fig. 64). These spectacular black species are truly the monsters of the
<taxonomicName id="6BDBC294200E5D56669E178F56A7227C" lsidName="" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="tribe" tribe="Cyclocephalini">Cyclocephalini</taxonomicName>
, with some specimens of
<taxonomicName id="07636A882A89909EB81F89AC181F4E14" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu seabrai" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seabrai">Surutu seabrai</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="08BC04E1329C46F0A87E4434AF421B97" originalValue="D’Andretta">D'Andretta</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken id="C2454A31B390B1139D2BA1A2A9C902A8" originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
measuring over 4 cm in length. Nothing is known about the biology of
<taxonomicName id="E3E8AFF233683EA335E9174A7ADCA270" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
species. At least some species are attracted to lights at night (
<bibRefCitation id="7E6BB0AED071C0661588521BAC18BBE8" author="Ratcliffe, BC" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="107 - 112" title="New species and distribution records of Surutu from Amazonian Brazil (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)." volume="35" year="1981">Ratcliffe 1981</bibRefCitation>
). The immature stages are undescribed for the genus as currently circumscribed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0C44E46FA56C99C2A94F5C576F0651E8" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<paragraph id="8482B2312600029F0A58AA5E87731E02" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
Figure 64. Country-level distribution of
<taxonomicName id="6D862DCD68C9FB1BB1A01D75A9D76E53" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
species in South America. Numbers indicate taxa per country.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D4F181B3925DECF6C70EC01FC2B309A9" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="D8205C305A0AFA674B8B84D56237F0B9" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: 1) dorsal coloration dark piceous to black; 2) body dorsoventrally flattened; 3) clypeus rounded to parabolic in dorsal view; 4) frontoclypeal suture incomplete medially; 5) apex of mentum narrowly and deeply emarginated (in
<taxonomicName id="1746CB84337C1F31E3D0430371342F83" lsidName="S. dytiscoides" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">S. dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="127A33A027230FF162C8B1AD111F6CB4" lsidName="S. seabrai" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="seabrai">S. seabrai</taxonomicName>
; other species unknown); 6) anterolateral margin of mandible lacking tooth; 7) galea of maxilla dorsoventrally flattened (in
<taxonomicName id="3CC4FAE2BE3B6985D2EA6EBDD2707484" lsidName="S. dytiscoides" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">S. dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="641F5BF2B9892DBB510C4F495F9CF81A" lsidName="S. seabrai" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="seabrai">S. seabrai</taxonomicName>
; other species unknown); 8) galea on inner surface at base with large, flattened, blade-like, bifurcated tooth (in
<taxonomicName id="D994328DF16DE65D204BDC2AEDCD4B58" lsidName="S. dytiscoides" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">S. dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8A45D03C83A1F54CA4A989390F93F9E1" lsidName="S. seabrai" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="seabrai">S. seabrai</taxonomicName>
; other species unknown); 9) galea on inner surface with 7 teeth in 2-1-1-1-2 arrangement from base to apex (in
<taxonomicName id="B1452163E2005741CAFB65640521FF3D" lsidName="S. dytiscoides" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">S. dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0D2B85C35D4E6C31291206B6850D9525" lsidName="S. seabrai" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="seabrai">S. seabrai</taxonomicName>
; other species unknown); 10) apical and basal beaded margins of pronotum incomplete at middle (in
<taxonomicName id="C46AFF5207069857612BB5313892CAF3" lsidName="S. dytiscoides" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">S. dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="63749A7C0528D0DE93A617A066595931" lsidName="S. seabrai" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="seabrai">S. seabrai</taxonomicName>
; other species unknown); 11) anterior membrane of the pronotum interrupted before lateral pronotal margins (in
<taxonomicName id="9F9A32CEB3166738E9FBE53B86C16454" lsidName="S. dytiscoides" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">S. dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C9AFF6FA2A63A60885F75F38BCB22191" lsidName="S. seabrai" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="seabrai">S. seabrai</taxonomicName>
; other species unknown); 12) protibia with 3 teeth in both sexes; 13) protibial spur straight to weakly reflexed; 14) males with protibial spur articulated at base, not fused to protibia; 15) males with inner protarsal claw thickened and narrowly cleft at apex (claw apex entire in
<taxonomicName id="1B784F4A0EB912C6603F95436DED90E3" lsidName="S. fenni" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="fenni">S. fenni</taxonomicName>
Ratcliffe and
<taxonomicName id="4AD6096BB7B466F4E10EB7D175E6BF29" lsidName="S. schulzei" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="schulzei">S. schulzei</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="8FD97466BA4801C6582825579E2AF152" originalValue="Endrődi">Endrodi</normalizedToken>
); 16) mesocoxae not widely separated, nearly touching; 17), metacoxae with lateral edge perpendicular to ventral surface; 18) apices of the meso- and metatibiae with a corbel (in
<taxonomicName id="0DBBECAB13CB94033E46FB5DAE1C436C" lsidName="S. dytiscoides" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">S. dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="79DC198ADF3764D5E9B3CF8AC6FAEA4D" lsidName="S. seabrai" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="seabrai">S. seabrai</taxonomicName>
; other species unknown); 19) anterior edge of hindwing distal to apical hinge lacking membranous border; 20) anterior edge of hindwing distal to apical hinge with decumbent setae surrounding the vein and originating away from the hinge; 21) vein RA with single row of pegs proximal to apical hinge.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B31D7BF09E38FE69AA16D22AC3DC291" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
Some characters of the head, mouthparts, and elytra of
<taxonomicName id="5351C875177A448FCDF084028D028A8F" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
have been compared to
<taxonomicName id="5C2FB59567594D1BBDB0FE02EFD3FDD6" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancognatha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ancognatha</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A7A425D816AD24F0EFDA18DBA87D2817" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyclocephala</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="334295CCD23F7DD1A1EBFAE5273DD723" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mimeoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mimeoma" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mimeoma</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="053BB846B8B7D8D09A1AD30EDFD8FB37" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<normalizedToken id="44CB07A2FA67C979FB5009C411D26B56" originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
1955
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E7CC8FC14FFD417B4108486875A3A6DB" author="D'Andretta, MAV" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="185 - 194" title="Una nueva especie del genero Surutu Martinez." volume="4" year="1956">
<normalizedToken id="CF30FE9D2AC443FDD0BA4B491B789EC1" originalValue="D’Andretta">D'Andretta</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken id="F50E24BB0E564EC7FA7B3435B5B48831" originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
1956
</bibRefCitation>
). The parabolic and rounded clypeal apex in
<taxonomicName id="2A406C121497E51C3F8212D081D74E08" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
species is like the clypeal form in several
<taxonomicName id="4C6272A23F45AFD86B41892479CEEADB" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancognatha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ancognatha</taxonomicName>
species.
<taxonomicName id="62F967C62D0824E67296DE703B9B5793" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu dytiscoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">Surutu dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8FCA3A933C878B02E75AB69B7390DE1E" lsidName="S. seabrai" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="seabrai">S. seabrai</taxonomicName>
, at least, have a deeply emarginated apex of the mentum that is also shared with
<taxonomicName id="BB6A2DA31F053396599F308E437E11D7" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancognatha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ancognatha</taxonomicName>
species. The single row of RA pegs is also shared between
<taxonomicName id="DA741794D9DA44CDB162BC8A642F42F8" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancognatha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ancognatha</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="2B8969C88AB26BEFCDCEA71E1C75443F" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
, although
<taxonomicName id="5B2567C93B4B16AD39CB14241B5A91C9" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancognatha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ancognatha</taxonomicName>
species lack setae on the anterior edge of the hindwing distal to the apical hinge. Instead,
<taxonomicName id="EE331159E057F3377F5300881B00ADCD" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancognatha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ancognatha</taxonomicName>
have a hindwing membrane like that found in
<taxonomicName id="B9F322242D78F913F994C63372E5B1B2" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyclocephala</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F4DBD275924342E8601380FEF322D024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Augoderia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augoderia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Augoderia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="607BD8E2E04739598ACED4A888B2481D" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Arriguttia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arriguttia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arriguttia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0C592D051A088ECDEF5E93C42AAC4901" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aspidolea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspidolea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aspidolea</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="31DC0B2BEB078C4A5717C7AC908F47AA" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Acrobolbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrobolbia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acrobolbia</taxonomicName>
. The dramatic dilations and knobs on the elytral epipleuron of
<taxonomicName id="A925B90248C02F404E2E9973317C447B" lsidName="S. seabrai" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="seabrai">S. seabrai</taxonomicName>
are similar to those found in some
<taxonomicName id="7E65BD29AF8BFA369C2F8AAC010DA2DF" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancognatha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ancognatha</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B4CA20811347925840B5D03AF4F0B6AF" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyclocephala</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F70FD3AFF0872E393928F39A2C756918" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
The distinctive setae of the hindwings found in
<taxonomicName id="1438A2DA368BC38E60156016502DA8D1" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
are also found in
<taxonomicName id="C63983F8083A2BDD70C275E000DC7CF7" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Harposceles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harposceles" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Harposceles</taxonomicName>
and species of the &quot;
<taxonomicName id="BFDCA11F9FB15B2FB3B46D203454B5D1" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala cribrata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribrata">Cyclocephala cribrata</taxonomicName>
species group&quot; (which included species previously placed in the genera
<taxonomicName id="A78C8CDCFCDC32C3B58825D92A1489E0" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mononidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mononidia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mononidia</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="149D9D2AAE74A065B30AD3215AB73361" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutoides</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="A4997FDDF0037B0E08EEA62CCFA54B4C" author="Dechambre, R-P" journalOrPublisher="Coleopteres" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="13 - 27" title="Revision des Cyclocephala du groupe cribrata Burmeister (Coleoptera, Dynastidae)." volume="3" year="1997">Dechambre 1997</bibRefCitation>
). These groups also share corbeled meso- and metatibial apices and entirely black coloration.
<taxonomicName id="5323C7E47F3725317F363EF93374838B" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Harposceles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harposceles paradoxus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">Harposceles paradoxus</taxonomicName>
shares other interesting characters with
<taxonomicName id="F84A1D30747388363FCD633E8AF12FF4" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
species, suggestive of a close relationship between the two genera. These shared characters include: 1) body strongly dorsoventrally flattened; 2) dorsoventrally flattened maxillary galea; 3) a 7-toothed maxillary galea in a 2-1-1-1-2 arrangement from the base to apex; 4) an incomplete frontoclypeal suture; and 5) the apical pronotal membrane interrupted before the lateral pronotal margins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C482B8732AFC07BA1D0C7C08651EC18" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="AA21090E5FAF07A614FDA768427428CF" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Platyphileurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyphileurus felscheanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felscheanus">Platyphileurus felscheanus</taxonomicName>
Ohaus (
<taxonomicName id="7538867CCA4DAA7364E1CDEEB1A3BC5F" lsidName="" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Dynastinae">Dynastinae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B7D15256265C9A227217D89564DB0FCB" lsidName="" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="tribe" tribe="Oryctini">Oryctini</taxonomicName>
) warrants special discussion here. This species was described twice.
<taxonomicName id="6A7CAA89E958AC21ED53821E0C169955" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Platyphileurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyphileurus felscheanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felscheanus">Platyphileurus felscheanus</taxonomicName>
was described from specimens collected from Santa Catarina, Brazil (Ohaus 1910). This new genus was compared to
<taxonomicName id="6595B27A797A3D7F84BFC3CB33CFD74F" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phileurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phileurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phileurus</taxonomicName>
Latreille and later included in the tribe
<taxonomicName id="6F1BEC47A199F997C853261C4C0280AC" lsidName="" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="tribe" tribe="Phileurini">Phileurini</taxonomicName>
(Ohaus 1910,
<bibRefCitation id="43A13202F439D3B911786896BB2A520C" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Arrow 1937b</bibRefCitation>
).
<normalizedToken id="527D92E159620B272605BDB9FF90E07B" originalValue="Endrődi">Endrodi</normalizedToken>
(1975) later described
<taxonomicName id="F66FA8CF58028A2FB100399C2AF0EE73" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu jelineki" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jelineki">Surutu jelineki</taxonomicName>
from Rio de Janeiro based on two female specimens. Comparison of the types of these species revealed that they are conspecific, with the name
<taxonomicName id="4F83593B8A1DEB1965D612158F87CA8F" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Platyphileurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyphileurus felscheanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felscheanus">Platyphileurus felscheanus</taxonomicName>
having priority over
<taxonomicName id="7312709C5268C9CB6F66339BE27CE531" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu jelineki" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jelineki">Surutu jelineki</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="31D8775F0B5EDE7EE04968C6AD46FC69" author="Grossi, PC" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="270 - 271" title="Surutujelineki Endrodi (Cyclocephalini), a new junior synonym of Platyphileurusfelscheanus Ohaus (Phileurini) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X-64.3.270.15" volume="64" year="2010">Grossi et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8857163F8B341BCBC471049F95F68B1C" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
The immatures of
<taxonomicName id="E5FC8831ADAEA18F503E81F134BE6F65" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Platyphileurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyphileurus felscheanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felscheanus">Platyphileurus felscheanus</taxonomicName>
are associated with bromeliads (
<bibRefCitation id="5991DBE75FA5BEC13EDDE036D141B242" author="Grossi, PC" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="270 - 271" title="Surutujelineki Endrodi (Cyclocephalini), a new junior synonym of Platyphileurusfelscheanus Ohaus (Phileurini) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X-64.3.270.15" volume="64" year="2010">Grossi et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="28A2D22649B5E59376309263E5D53030" author="Albertoni, FF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="49 - 76" title="Life history and description of larva and pupa of Platyphileurusfelscheanus Ohaus, 1910, a scarabaeid feeding on bromeliad tissues in Brazil, to be excluded from Phileurini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.389.6888" volume="389" year="2014">Albertoni et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). Based on examination of larval, pupal, and adult characters,
<taxonomicName id="FC1BCE7F0287E2F418BAB4D028FF3655" lsidName="P. felscheanus" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="felscheanus">P. felscheanus</taxonomicName>
was excluded from
<taxonomicName id="E1BC14BEFE180914EC19183214EB3C35" lsidName="" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="tribe" tribe="Phileurini">Phileurini</taxonomicName>
and proposed to be a member of
<taxonomicName id="9D4BD08C446FCFA4CBF452207BCCE826" lsidName="" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="tribe" tribe="Oryctini">Oryctini</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="81E7BAB1B6551F72AF955B3AB4C3570D" author="Albertoni, FF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="49 - 76" title="Life history and description of larva and pupa of Platyphileurusfelscheanus Ohaus, 1910, a scarabaeid feeding on bromeliad tissues in Brazil, to be excluded from Phileurini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.389.6888" volume="389" year="2014">Albertoni et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). However, there are some intriguing adult character similarities between
<taxonomicName id="E3F4DBFEF076AD6F95D3769C977D4066" lsidName="P. felscheanus" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="felscheanus">P. felscheanus</taxonomicName>
and other
<taxonomicName id="F1A2310849AEAEDCF82D8AEE7E6CA8E9" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
species. For example,
<taxonomicName id="51B8C686A7B3DA9E933FBC9FC5A5D2D8" lsidName="P. felscheanus" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="felscheanus">P. felscheanus</taxonomicName>
is black, dorsoventrally flattened, and has dimorphic protarsal claw morphology (enlarged in males, simple in females) (
<normalizedToken id="285693E55A7EC4CE02B0AE8E63F48FFC" originalValue="Endrődi">Endrodi</normalizedToken>
1975,
<bibRefCitation id="E5CBC4EC0A8D99D94D2EC1B4CDA0B0F0" author="Grossi, PC" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="270 - 271" title="Surutujelineki Endrodi (Cyclocephalini), a new junior synonym of Platyphileurusfelscheanus Ohaus (Phileurini) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X-64.3.270.15" volume="64" year="2010">Grossi et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="525F9E88AB550693E0E63D2DF5425C8E" author="Albertoni, FF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="49 - 76" title="Life history and description of larva and pupa of Platyphileurusfelscheanus Ohaus, 1910, a scarabaeid feeding on bromeliad tissues in Brazil, to be excluded from Phileurini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.389.6888" volume="389" year="2014">Albertoni et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). The apices of the metatibiae in
<taxonomicName id="FF3BACE34537972BBEF0B262EBAD73BD" lsidName="P. felscheanus" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="felscheanus">P. felscheanus</taxonomicName>
are &quot;weakly dentate&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="DA351411ABE5A81CFA41552D41942523" author="Albertoni, FF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="49 - 76" title="Life history and description of larva and pupa of Platyphileurusfelscheanus Ohaus, 1910, a scarabaeid feeding on bromeliad tissues in Brazil, to be excluded from Phileurini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.389.6888" volume="389" year="2014">Albertoni et al. [2014]</bibRefCitation>
: figure 30). Alternatively, the outer edge of the metatibia figured in
<bibRefCitation id="E91D167E1A03B5D0CDA5D582156B7ECC" author="Albertoni, FF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="49 - 76" title="Life history and description of larva and pupa of Platyphileurusfelscheanus Ohaus, 1910, a scarabaeid feeding on bromeliad tissues in Brazil, to be excluded from Phileurini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.389.6888" volume="389" year="2014">Albertoni et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
could be considered not to be &quot;weakly dentate&quot;, but corbeled (outer edge produced beyond the inner edge of the tibial apex). This tibial character is found in
<taxonomicName id="3AAEDE6134E822AA69E53D65ECD1FEB4" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F1CB596A05D2AFFA75058AD06CB86C95" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Harposceles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harposceles" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Harposceles</taxonomicName>
, and in the &quot;
<taxonomicName id="080F6142C196131EFD4904842747F937" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala cribrata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribrata">Cyclocephala cribrata</taxonomicName>
species group&quot;. The venter of the meso- and metatarsi in
<taxonomicName id="36E9C8792715A4748D3F6F1087E97B49" lsidName="P. felscheanus" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="felscheanus">P. felscheanus</taxonomicName>
is covered with dense, reddish, flattened setae (
<bibRefCitation id="01BD5315284FECA2DB0994817944A3E2" author="Albertoni, FF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="49 - 76" title="Life history and description of larva and pupa of Platyphileurusfelscheanus Ohaus, 1910, a scarabaeid feeding on bromeliad tissues in Brazil, to be excluded from Phileurini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.389.6888" volume="389" year="2014">Albertoni et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). Similar flattened, scale-like setae are also found on the venter of the meso- and metatarsi of
<taxonomicName id="8A9D80AB29C6EA3E3DD4D21A99C429BD" lsidName="S. seabrai" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="seabrai">S. seabrai</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9F439518AB3F989F43E52C765909B653" lsidName="S. dytiscoides" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">S. dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
. Future analyses of the tribal placement of
<taxonomicName id="7C17E7AF55D5D5F66B3C3D24E30E1155" lsidName="P. felscheanus" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="felscheanus">P. felscheanus</taxonomicName>
should focus on adult character comparisons with
<taxonomicName id="0B10995FCFBFCC4F4A8F28B713FBEDE9" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
species and
<taxonomicName id="9820811F3C79702C0661355B0A7564EA" lsidName="H. paradoxus" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="paradoxus">H. paradoxus</taxonomicName>
, especially characters of the mandibles, maxillary galea, tibiae, tarsi, parameres, and hind wings.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink