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<document id="FFF93A13CB3E5B2FC389AEB9C2C72075" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ef290f2-f65d-4dfa-afbd-2fbb505860ab" ID-PMC="PMC5904508" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-745-1" ID-PubMed="29670448" ID-ZooBank="16F1AE595650485F9D8C6149E962D461" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-745-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 745" ModsDocTitle="Synopsis of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)" checkinTime="1521799043702" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Moore, Matthew R., Cave, Ronald D. &amp; Branham, Marc A." docDate="2018" docId="892A43C226717AA2B9E45E65AC972314" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 745: 1-99" docOrigin="ZooKeys 745" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683" docTitle="Surutu Martinez 1955" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="C24FFFFC630B3774FFCFDB4EFFAFAD27" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1701315738437" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="EE40B951212C3BCE87A36A89B66E371C">Synopsis of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CE5F198B3604F87F7E3171A96EEE8EEF">Moore, Matthew R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A73111BCBB02FB0D70EF0FA3642AA491">Cave, Ronald D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8426AADC491B9FD9455C8AB7F55FAAA8">Branham, Marc A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="892A43C226717AA2B9E45E65AC972314" ID-GBIF-Taxon="142479964" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:892A43C226717AA2B9E45E65AC972314" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/892A43C226717AA2B9E45E65AC972314" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<subSubSection id="D7D88FE8916E112A7224C29E261E1617" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D5943C4A6779348B57D69EDD5007DB26" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="87CA73375800F37BEBEBED070EF5CCBE" ID-CoL="6463J" authority="Martinez, 1955" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
Surutu
<normalizedToken id="DE7EB7AD7EC351C613964E7F1D845425" originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
, 1955
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1A1944C829C8880F0D40860592B77522" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="type species">
<paragraph id="6626203345BC1B8521B97790E155E786" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="640F89F62DD6EB8FAF59145AE0549662" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="A2888E283F4239D4091267C366253049" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu dytiscoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">Surutu dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="B0F94146F582581910FC98AFE290070F" originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
, 1955: 245-249, by monotypy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5C07AFC61C8B661517F236C1DA697789" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="valid taxa">
<paragraph id="967E612AE143F72170E9EE8B52DA1625" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Valid taxa.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2F3EC2931A48B324E0C456311001E5" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Five species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="85BCC391E02D4CC6A788CE847A31436F" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
The five species of the South American genus
<taxonomicName id="8EAD8281D09F7DDABD98679F6AA87240" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
are distributed in Colombia, Bolivia, and Brazil (
<bibRefCitation id="6F93A972A36A266A4E2160EF1348FF30" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<normalizedToken id="BC5C6F6FE5970CBED54EDC7D58597925" originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
1955
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E45EAA1C098ED892021CAFDD3DB1C020" author="D'Andretta, MAV" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="185 - 194" title="Una nueva especie del genero Surutu Martinez." volume="4" year="1956">
<normalizedToken id="D2E9BBD434753DFA2FB08D0F60580861" originalValue="D’Andretta">D'Andretta</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken id="190636C3EB6467BA2EA125D8499D5E5D" originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
1956
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FA25B627E1578C93CA14B1579480D9F9" author="Endrodi, S" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Abhandlungen des Staatlichen Museums fuer Tierkunde Dresden" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 460" title="Monographie der Dynastinae (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). I. Teil." volume="33" year="1966">
<normalizedToken id="F1E8F1D0E4B5694C7DA9DA187EEE2424" originalValue="Endrődi">Endrodi</normalizedToken>
1966
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F80185161C7F130E858ADE1891483C10" author="Endrodi, S" journalOrPublisher="Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="155 - 158" title="Zur Gattung Surutu Martinez (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae, Dynastinae)." volume="67" year="1975 a">1975a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="21B80E10E2D4ABA495BB0D934E971E98" author="Endrodi, S" journalOrPublisher="Junk Publisher, Dordrecht" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" title="The Dynastinae of the World. Dr. W." year="1985 a">1985a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4292CBE89B539B9F680640D9B7C26C4B" author="Ratcliffe, BC" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="107 - 112" title="New species and distribution records of Surutu from Amazonian Brazil (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)." volume="35" year="1981">Ratcliffe 1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D7954922A6DF08E2A83732027ACF34DE" author="Andreazze, R" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="431 - 435" title="Dinastineos (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae) do Parque Nacional do Jau, Amazonas Brasil." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43922001313435" volume="31" year="2001">Andreazze 2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="7A1BFD017DA3B221DBB7D1188D87E13C" author="Otavo, SE" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="735 - 752" title="Superfamilia Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) como elemento bioindicator de perturbacion antropogenica en un parque nacional amazonico." url="https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v61i2.11219" volume="61" year="2013">Otavo et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
) (Fig. 64). These spectacular black species are truly the monsters of the
<taxonomicName id="6BDBC294200E5D56669E178F56A7227C" lsidName="" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="tribe" tribe="Cyclocephalini">Cyclocephalini</taxonomicName>
, with some specimens of
<taxonomicName id="07636A882A89909EB81F89AC181F4E14" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu seabrai" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seabrai">Surutu seabrai</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="08BC04E1329C46F0A87E4434AF421B97" originalValue="D’Andretta">D'Andretta</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken id="C2454A31B390B1139D2BA1A2A9C902A8" originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
measuring over 4 cm in length. Nothing is known about the biology of
<taxonomicName id="E3E8AFF233683EA335E9174A7ADCA270" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
species. At least some species are attracted to lights at night (
<bibRefCitation id="7E6BB0AED071C0661588521BAC18BBE8" author="Ratcliffe, BC" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="107 - 112" title="New species and distribution records of Surutu from Amazonian Brazil (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)." volume="35" year="1981">Ratcliffe 1981</bibRefCitation>
). The immature stages are undescribed for the genus as currently circumscribed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0C44E46FA56C99C2A94F5C576F0651E8" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<paragraph id="8482B2312600029F0A58AA5E87731E02" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
Figure 64. Country-level distribution of
<taxonomicName id="6D862DCD68C9FB1BB1A01D75A9D76E53" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
species in South America. Numbers indicate taxa per country.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D4F181B3925DECF6C70EC01FC2B309A9" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="D8205C305A0AFA674B8B84D56237F0B9" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: 1) dorsal coloration dark piceous to black; 2) body dorsoventrally flattened; 3) clypeus rounded to parabolic in dorsal view; 4) frontoclypeal suture incomplete medially; 5) apex of mentum narrowly and deeply emarginated (in
<taxonomicName id="1746CB84337C1F31E3D0430371342F83" lsidName="S. dytiscoides" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">S. dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="127A33A027230FF162C8B1AD111F6CB4" lsidName="S. seabrai" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="seabrai">S. seabrai</taxonomicName>
; other species unknown); 6) anterolateral margin of mandible lacking tooth; 7) galea of maxilla dorsoventrally flattened (in
<taxonomicName id="3CC4FAE2BE3B6985D2EA6EBDD2707484" lsidName="S. dytiscoides" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">S. dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="641F5BF2B9892DBB510C4F495F9CF81A" lsidName="S. seabrai" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="seabrai">S. seabrai</taxonomicName>
; other species unknown); 8) galea on inner surface at base with large, flattened, blade-like, bifurcated tooth (in
<taxonomicName id="D994328DF16DE65D204BDC2AEDCD4B58" lsidName="S. dytiscoides" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">S. dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8A45D03C83A1F54CA4A989390F93F9E1" lsidName="S. seabrai" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="seabrai">S. seabrai</taxonomicName>
; other species unknown); 9) galea on inner surface with 7 teeth in 2-1-1-1-2 arrangement from base to apex (in
<taxonomicName id="B1452163E2005741CAFB65640521FF3D" lsidName="S. dytiscoides" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">S. dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0D2B85C35D4E6C31291206B6850D9525" lsidName="S. seabrai" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="seabrai">S. seabrai</taxonomicName>
; other species unknown); 10) apical and basal beaded margins of pronotum incomplete at middle (in
<taxonomicName id="C46AFF5207069857612BB5313892CAF3" lsidName="S. dytiscoides" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">S. dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="63749A7C0528D0DE93A617A066595931" lsidName="S. seabrai" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="seabrai">S. seabrai</taxonomicName>
; other species unknown); 11) anterior membrane of the pronotum interrupted before lateral pronotal margins (in
<taxonomicName id="9F9A32CEB3166738E9FBE53B86C16454" lsidName="S. dytiscoides" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">S. dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C9AFF6FA2A63A60885F75F38BCB22191" lsidName="S. seabrai" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="seabrai">S. seabrai</taxonomicName>
; other species unknown); 12) protibia with 3 teeth in both sexes; 13) protibial spur straight to weakly reflexed; 14) males with protibial spur articulated at base, not fused to protibia; 15) males with inner protarsal claw thickened and narrowly cleft at apex (claw apex entire in
<taxonomicName id="1B784F4A0EB912C6603F95436DED90E3" lsidName="S. fenni" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="fenni">S. fenni</taxonomicName>
Ratcliffe and
<taxonomicName id="4AD6096BB7B466F4E10EB7D175E6BF29" lsidName="S. schulzei" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="schulzei">S. schulzei</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="8FD97466BA4801C6582825579E2AF152" originalValue="Endrődi">Endrodi</normalizedToken>
); 16) mesocoxae not widely separated, nearly touching; 17), metacoxae with lateral edge perpendicular to ventral surface; 18) apices of the meso- and metatibiae with a corbel (in
<taxonomicName id="0DBBECAB13CB94033E46FB5DAE1C436C" lsidName="S. dytiscoides" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">S. dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="79DC198ADF3764D5E9B3CF8AC6FAEA4D" lsidName="S. seabrai" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="seabrai">S. seabrai</taxonomicName>
; other species unknown); 19) anterior edge of hindwing distal to apical hinge lacking membranous border; 20) anterior edge of hindwing distal to apical hinge with decumbent setae surrounding the vein and originating away from the hinge; 21) vein RA with single row of pegs proximal to apical hinge.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B31D7BF09E38FE69AA16D22AC3DC291" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
Some characters of the head, mouthparts, and elytra of
<taxonomicName id="5351C875177A448FCDF084028D028A8F" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
have been compared to
<taxonomicName id="5C2FB59567594D1BBDB0FE02EFD3FDD6" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancognatha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ancognatha</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A7A425D816AD24F0EFDA18DBA87D2817" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyclocephala</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="334295CCD23F7DD1A1EBFAE5273DD723" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mimeoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mimeoma" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mimeoma</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="053BB846B8B7D8D09A1AD30EDFD8FB37" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<normalizedToken id="44CB07A2FA67C979FB5009C411D26B56" originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
1955
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E7CC8FC14FFD417B4108486875A3A6DB" author="D'Andretta, MAV" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="185 - 194" title="Una nueva especie del genero Surutu Martinez." volume="4" year="1956">
<normalizedToken id="CF30FE9D2AC443FDD0BA4B491B789EC1" originalValue="D’Andretta">D'Andretta</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken id="F50E24BB0E564EC7FA7B3435B5B48831" originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
1956
</bibRefCitation>
). The parabolic and rounded clypeal apex in
<taxonomicName id="2A406C121497E51C3F8212D081D74E08" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
species is like the clypeal form in several
<taxonomicName id="4C6272A23F45AFD86B41892479CEEADB" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancognatha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ancognatha</taxonomicName>
species.
<taxonomicName id="62F967C62D0824E67296DE703B9B5793" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu dytiscoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">Surutu dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8FCA3A933C878B02E75AB69B7390DE1E" lsidName="S. seabrai" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="seabrai">S. seabrai</taxonomicName>
, at least, have a deeply emarginated apex of the mentum that is also shared with
<taxonomicName id="BB6A2DA31F053396599F308E437E11D7" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancognatha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ancognatha</taxonomicName>
species. The single row of RA pegs is also shared between
<taxonomicName id="DA741794D9DA44CDB162BC8A642F42F8" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancognatha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ancognatha</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="2B8969C88AB26BEFCDCEA71E1C75443F" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
, although
<taxonomicName id="5B2567C93B4B16AD39CB14241B5A91C9" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancognatha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ancognatha</taxonomicName>
species lack setae on the anterior edge of the hindwing distal to the apical hinge. Instead,
<taxonomicName id="EE331159E057F3377F5300881B00ADCD" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancognatha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ancognatha</taxonomicName>
have a hindwing membrane like that found in
<taxonomicName id="B9F322242D78F913F994C63372E5B1B2" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyclocephala</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F4DBD275924342E8601380FEF322D024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Augoderia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augoderia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Augoderia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="607BD8E2E04739598ACED4A888B2481D" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Arriguttia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arriguttia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arriguttia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0C592D051A088ECDEF5E93C42AAC4901" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aspidolea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspidolea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aspidolea</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="31DC0B2BEB078C4A5717C7AC908F47AA" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Acrobolbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrobolbia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acrobolbia</taxonomicName>
. The dramatic dilations and knobs on the elytral epipleuron of
<taxonomicName id="A925B90248C02F404E2E9973317C447B" lsidName="S. seabrai" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="seabrai">S. seabrai</taxonomicName>
are similar to those found in some
<taxonomicName id="7E65BD29AF8BFA369C2F8AAC010DA2DF" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancognatha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ancognatha</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B4CA20811347925840B5D03AF4F0B6AF" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyclocephala</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F70FD3AFF0872E393928F39A2C756918" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
The distinctive setae of the hindwings found in
<taxonomicName id="1438A2DA368BC38E60156016502DA8D1" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
are also found in
<taxonomicName id="C63983F8083A2BDD70C275E000DC7CF7" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Harposceles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harposceles" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Harposceles</taxonomicName>
and species of the &quot;
<taxonomicName id="BFDCA11F9FB15B2FB3B46D203454B5D1" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala cribrata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribrata">Cyclocephala cribrata</taxonomicName>
species group&quot; (which included species previously placed in the genera
<taxonomicName id="A78C8CDCFCDC32C3B58825D92A1489E0" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mononidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mononidia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mononidia</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="149D9D2AAE74A065B30AD3215AB73361" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutoides</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="A4997FDDF0037B0E08EEA62CCFA54B4C" author="Dechambre, R-P" journalOrPublisher="Coleopteres" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="13 - 27" title="Revision des Cyclocephala du groupe cribrata Burmeister (Coleoptera, Dynastidae)." volume="3" year="1997">Dechambre 1997</bibRefCitation>
). These groups also share corbeled meso- and metatibial apices and entirely black coloration.
<taxonomicName id="5323C7E47F3725317F363EF93374838B" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Harposceles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harposceles paradoxus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">Harposceles paradoxus</taxonomicName>
shares other interesting characters with
<taxonomicName id="F84A1D30747388363FCD633E8AF12FF4" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
species, suggestive of a close relationship between the two genera. These shared characters include: 1) body strongly dorsoventrally flattened; 2) dorsoventrally flattened maxillary galea; 3) a 7-toothed maxillary galea in a 2-1-1-1-2 arrangement from the base to apex; 4) an incomplete frontoclypeal suture; and 5) the apical pronotal membrane interrupted before the lateral pronotal margins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C482B8732AFC07BA1D0C7C08651EC18" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="AA21090E5FAF07A614FDA768427428CF" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Platyphileurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyphileurus felscheanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felscheanus">Platyphileurus felscheanus</taxonomicName>
Ohaus (
<taxonomicName id="7538867CCA4DAA7364E1CDEEB1A3BC5F" lsidName="" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Dynastinae">Dynastinae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B7D15256265C9A227217D89564DB0FCB" lsidName="" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="tribe" tribe="Oryctini">Oryctini</taxonomicName>
) warrants special discussion here. This species was described twice.
<taxonomicName id="6A7CAA89E958AC21ED53821E0C169955" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Platyphileurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyphileurus felscheanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felscheanus">Platyphileurus felscheanus</taxonomicName>
was described from specimens collected from Santa Catarina, Brazil (Ohaus 1910). This new genus was compared to
<taxonomicName id="6595B27A797A3D7F84BFC3CB33CFD74F" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phileurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phileurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phileurus</taxonomicName>
Latreille and later included in the tribe
<taxonomicName id="6F1BEC47A199F997C853261C4C0280AC" lsidName="" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="tribe" tribe="Phileurini">Phileurini</taxonomicName>
(Ohaus 1910,
<bibRefCitation id="43A13202F439D3B911786896BB2A520C" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Arrow 1937b</bibRefCitation>
).
<normalizedToken id="527D92E159620B272605BDB9FF90E07B" originalValue="Endrődi">Endrodi</normalizedToken>
(1975) later described
<taxonomicName id="F66FA8CF58028A2FB100399C2AF0EE73" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu jelineki" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jelineki">Surutu jelineki</taxonomicName>
from Rio de Janeiro based on two female specimens. Comparison of the types of these species revealed that they are conspecific, with the name
<taxonomicName id="4F83593B8A1DEB1965D612158F87CA8F" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Platyphileurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyphileurus felscheanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felscheanus">Platyphileurus felscheanus</taxonomicName>
having priority over
<taxonomicName id="7312709C5268C9CB6F66339BE27CE531" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu jelineki" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jelineki">Surutu jelineki</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="31D8775F0B5EDE7EE04968C6AD46FC69" author="Grossi, PC" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="270 - 271" title="Surutujelineki Endrodi (Cyclocephalini), a new junior synonym of Platyphileurusfelscheanus Ohaus (Phileurini) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X-64.3.270.15" volume="64" year="2010">Grossi et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8857163F8B341BCBC471049F95F68B1C" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
The immatures of
<taxonomicName id="E5FC8831ADAEA18F503E81F134BE6F65" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Platyphileurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyphileurus felscheanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felscheanus">Platyphileurus felscheanus</taxonomicName>
are associated with bromeliads (
<bibRefCitation id="5991DBE75FA5BEC13EDDE036D141B242" author="Grossi, PC" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="270 - 271" title="Surutujelineki Endrodi (Cyclocephalini), a new junior synonym of Platyphileurusfelscheanus Ohaus (Phileurini) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X-64.3.270.15" volume="64" year="2010">Grossi et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="28A2D22649B5E59376309263E5D53030" author="Albertoni, FF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="49 - 76" title="Life history and description of larva and pupa of Platyphileurusfelscheanus Ohaus, 1910, a scarabaeid feeding on bromeliad tissues in Brazil, to be excluded from Phileurini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.389.6888" volume="389" year="2014">Albertoni et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). Based on examination of larval, pupal, and adult characters,
<taxonomicName id="FC1BCE7F0287E2F418BAB4D028FF3655" lsidName="P. felscheanus" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="felscheanus">P. felscheanus</taxonomicName>
was excluded from
<taxonomicName id="E1BC14BEFE180914EC19183214EB3C35" lsidName="" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="tribe" tribe="Phileurini">Phileurini</taxonomicName>
and proposed to be a member of
<taxonomicName id="9D4BD08C446FCFA4CBF452207BCCE826" lsidName="" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="tribe" tribe="Oryctini">Oryctini</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="81E7BAB1B6551F72AF955B3AB4C3570D" author="Albertoni, FF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="49 - 76" title="Life history and description of larva and pupa of Platyphileurusfelscheanus Ohaus, 1910, a scarabaeid feeding on bromeliad tissues in Brazil, to be excluded from Phileurini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.389.6888" volume="389" year="2014">Albertoni et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). However, there are some intriguing adult character similarities between
<taxonomicName id="E3F4DBFEF076AD6F95D3769C977D4066" lsidName="P. felscheanus" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="felscheanus">P. felscheanus</taxonomicName>
and other
<taxonomicName id="F1A2310849AEAEDCF82D8AEE7E6CA8E9" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
species. For example,
<taxonomicName id="51B8C686A7B3DA9E933FBC9FC5A5D2D8" lsidName="P. felscheanus" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="felscheanus">P. felscheanus</taxonomicName>
is black, dorsoventrally flattened, and has dimorphic protarsal claw morphology (enlarged in males, simple in females) (
<normalizedToken id="285693E55A7EC4CE02B0AE8E63F48FFC" originalValue="Endrődi">Endrodi</normalizedToken>
1975,
<bibRefCitation id="E5CBC4EC0A8D99D94D2EC1B4CDA0B0F0" author="Grossi, PC" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="270 - 271" title="Surutujelineki Endrodi (Cyclocephalini), a new junior synonym of Platyphileurusfelscheanus Ohaus (Phileurini) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X-64.3.270.15" volume="64" year="2010">Grossi et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="525F9E88AB550693E0E63D2DF5425C8E" author="Albertoni, FF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="49 - 76" title="Life history and description of larva and pupa of Platyphileurusfelscheanus Ohaus, 1910, a scarabaeid feeding on bromeliad tissues in Brazil, to be excluded from Phileurini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.389.6888" volume="389" year="2014">Albertoni et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). The apices of the metatibiae in
<taxonomicName id="FF3BACE34537972BBEF0B262EBAD73BD" lsidName="P. felscheanus" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="felscheanus">P. felscheanus</taxonomicName>
are &quot;weakly dentate&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="DA351411ABE5A81CFA41552D41942523" author="Albertoni, FF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="49 - 76" title="Life history and description of larva and pupa of Platyphileurusfelscheanus Ohaus, 1910, a scarabaeid feeding on bromeliad tissues in Brazil, to be excluded from Phileurini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.389.6888" volume="389" year="2014">Albertoni et al. [2014]</bibRefCitation>
: figure 30). Alternatively, the outer edge of the metatibia figured in
<bibRefCitation id="E91D167E1A03B5D0CDA5D582156B7ECC" author="Albertoni, FF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="49 - 76" title="Life history and description of larva and pupa of Platyphileurusfelscheanus Ohaus, 1910, a scarabaeid feeding on bromeliad tissues in Brazil, to be excluded from Phileurini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.389.6888" volume="389" year="2014">Albertoni et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
could be considered not to be &quot;weakly dentate&quot;, but corbeled (outer edge produced beyond the inner edge of the tibial apex). This tibial character is found in
<taxonomicName id="3AAEDE6134E822AA69E53D65ECD1FEB4" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F1CB596A05D2AFFA75058AD06CB86C95" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Harposceles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harposceles" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Harposceles</taxonomicName>
, and in the &quot;
<taxonomicName id="080F6142C196131EFD4904842747F937" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala cribrata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribrata">Cyclocephala cribrata</taxonomicName>
species group&quot;. The venter of the meso- and metatarsi in
<taxonomicName id="36E9C8792715A4748D3F6F1087E97B49" lsidName="P. felscheanus" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="felscheanus">P. felscheanus</taxonomicName>
is covered with dense, reddish, flattened setae (
<bibRefCitation id="01BD5315284FECA2DB0994817944A3E2" author="Albertoni, FF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="49 - 76" title="Life history and description of larva and pupa of Platyphileurusfelscheanus Ohaus, 1910, a scarabaeid feeding on bromeliad tissues in Brazil, to be excluded from Phileurini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.389.6888" volume="389" year="2014">Albertoni et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). Similar flattened, scale-like setae are also found on the venter of the meso- and metatarsi of
<taxonomicName id="8A9D80AB29C6EA3E3DD4D21A99C429BD" lsidName="S. seabrai" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="seabrai">S. seabrai</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9F439518AB3F989F43E52C765909B653" lsidName="S. dytiscoides" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">S. dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
. Future analyses of the tribal placement of
<taxonomicName id="7C17E7AF55D5D5F66B3C3D24E30E1155" lsidName="P. felscheanus" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="felscheanus">P. felscheanus</taxonomicName>
should focus on adult character comparisons with
<taxonomicName id="0B10995FCFBFCC4F4A8F28B713FBEDE9" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
species and
<taxonomicName id="9820811F3C79702C0661355B0A7564EA" lsidName="H. paradoxus" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="paradoxus">H. paradoxus</taxonomicName>
, especially characters of the mandibles, maxillary galea, tibiae, tarsi, parameres, and hind wings.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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