287 lines
24 KiB
XML
287 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8027" ID-PMC="PMC4867693" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-4-8027" ID-PubMed="27226755" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2828-4-e8027" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" ModsDocTitle="First report of the genus Phytodietus Gravenhorst, 1829 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tryphoninae) from Thailand" checkinTime="1461903075829" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kostro-Ambroziak, Agata & Reshchikov, Alexey" docDate="2016" docId="68DE0072C48306FB12062987AC94EDE5" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 4: e8027" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8027" docTitle="Phytodietus spinipes Cameron 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="8027" masterDocId="A6201A0AFFCDFFAA707FFFD2FFE10E41" masterDocTitle="First report of the genus Phytodietus Gravenhorst, 1829 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tryphoninae) from Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="8027" masterPageNumber="8027" pageNumber="8027" updateTime="1668123655094" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>First report of the genus Phytodietus Gravenhorst, 1829 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tryphoninae) from Thailand</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kostro-Ambroziak, Agata</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Reshchikov, Alexey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>8027</mods:start>
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<mods:end>8027</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8027</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8027</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-4-8027</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68DE0072C48306FB12062987AC94EDE5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/68DE0072C48306FB12062987AC94EDE5" lastPageNumber="8027" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">
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<taxonomicName authority="Cameron, 1905" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Phytodietus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytodietus spinipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipes">Phytodietus spinipes (Cameron, 1905)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Materials</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-05-28" collectionCode="QSBG" collectorName="Wongchai, P." country="Thailand" latitude="20.017666" location="Thailand" longLatPrecision="9" longitude="99.15968" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" specimenCode="T 6109" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
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<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">T6109</specimenCode>
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; recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Wongchai, P.</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">1</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">female</specimenType>
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; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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; verbatimLocality: Chiang Mai, Doi Phahompok National Park, Doi Phaluang; verbatimElevation:
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<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">1449 m</elevation>
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; verbatimLatitude:
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="20.017666">20°1.06'N</geoCoordinate>
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; verbatimLongitude:
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="99.15968">99°9.581'E</geoCoordinate>
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; Identification: identifiedBy:
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<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Agata Kostro-Ambroziak</determinerName>
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; Event: eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" value="2008-05-28" valueMax="2008-06-07" valueMin="2008-05-28">28.v.-7.vi. 2008</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">QSBG</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-02-14" collectionCode="QSBG" collectorName="Seesom. K" country="Thailand" latitude="20.05915" location="Thailand" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.14253" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" specimenCode="T 2964" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
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<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">T2964</specimenCode>
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; recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Seesom. K</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">3</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">female</specimenType>
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; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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; verbatimLocality: Chiang Mai, Doi Pha Hom Pok National Park, Kewlom1/montane forest; verbatimElevation:
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<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">2174 m</elevation>
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; verbatimLatitude:
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="20.05915">20°3.549'N</geoCoordinate>
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; verbatimLongitude:
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="99.14253">99°8.552'E</geoCoordinate>
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; Identification: identifiedBy:
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<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Agata Kostro-Ambroziak</determinerName>
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; Event: eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" value="2008-02-14" valueMax="2008-02-21" valueMin="2008-02-14">14-21.ii.2008</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">QSBG</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-01-07" collectionCode="QSBG" collectorName="Anuchart" country="Thailand" latitude="19.313383" location="Thailand" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="98.60658" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" specimenCode="T 5587" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
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<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">T5587</specimenCode>
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; recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Anuchart</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">1</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">female</specimenType>
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; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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; verbatimLocality: Chiang Mai, Huai Nam Dang National Park, Guest house; verbatimLatitude:
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="19.313383">19°18.803'N</geoCoordinate>
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; verbatimLongitude:
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.60658">98°36.395'E</geoCoordinate>
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; Identification: identifiedBy:
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<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Agata Kostro-Ambroziak</determinerName>
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; Event: eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" value="2008-01-07" valueMax="2008-01-14" valueMin="2008-01-07">7-14.i.2008</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">QSBG</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-02-09" collectionCode="QSBG" collectorName="Anuchart & Thawatchai" country="Thailand" latitude="19.292667" location="Thailand" longLatPrecision="9" longitude="98.60049" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" specimenCode="T 5615" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
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<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">T5615</specimenCode>
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; recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Anuchart &Thawatchai</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">1</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">female</specimenType>
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; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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; verbatimLocality: Chiang Mai, Huai Nam Dang National Park, Thung Buatong View Point; verbatimLatitude:
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="19.292667">19°17.56'N</geoCoordinate>
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; verbatimLongitude:
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.60049">98°36.029'E</geoCoordinate>
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; Identification: identifiedBy:
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<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Agata Kostro-Ambroziak</determinerName>
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; Event: eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" value="2008-02-09" valueMax="2008-02-10" valueMin="2008-02-09">9-10.ii.2008</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">QSBG</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-01-28" collectionCode="QSBG" collectorName="W. Srisuka R. Sawkord S. Pilakantha C. Sulin and T. Somboonchai" country="Thailand" latitude="20.050415" location="Doi Pha Hom Pok National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.14405" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">W. Srisuka R. Sawkord S. Pilakantha C. Sulin and T.Somboonchai</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">1</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">female</specimenType>
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; otherCatalogNumbers: QSBG2014-67; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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; stateProvince: Chiangmai; county: Fang; locality:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68DE0072C48306FB12062987AC94EDE5:123E49D82C762078C3355AAAF27975AB" country="Thailand" latitude="20.050415" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.14405" name="Doi Pha Hom Pok National Park" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Doi Pha Hom Pok National Park</location>
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; verbatimLocality: Route to summit; verbatimElevation:
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<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">2036</elevation>
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; verbatimLatitude:
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="20.050415">20°03'01.5"N</geoCoordinate>
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; verbatimLongitude:
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="99.14405">99°08'38.6"E</geoCoordinate>
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; Identification: identifiedBy:
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<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Alexey Reshchikov</determinerName>
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; Event: samplingEffort: Malaise trap; verbatimEventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" value="2014-01-28" valueMax="2014-02-28" valueMin="2014-01-28">28.i-28.ii.2014</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">QSBG</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-04-01" collectionCode="QSBG" collectorName="W. Srisuka R. Sawkord T. Somboonchai and S. Suriya" country="Thailand" latitude="20.054916" location="Doi Pha Hom Pok National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.14239" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">W. Srisuka R. Sawkord T. Somboonchai and S. Suriya</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">1</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">female</specimenType>
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; otherCatalogNumbers: QSBG2014-140; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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; stateProvince: Chiangmai; county: Fang; locality:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68DE0072C48306FB12062987AC94EDE5:EBC55BD46DD9F35E42FEED096328BDC8" country="Thailand" latitude="20.054916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.14239" name="Doi Pha Hom Pok National Park" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Doi Pha Hom Pok National Park</location>
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; verbatimLocality: Route to summit; verbatimElevation:
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<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">2105 m</elevation>
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; verbatimLatitude:
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="20.054916">20°03'17.7"N</geoCoordinate>
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; verbatimLongitude:
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="99.14239">99°08'32.6"E</geoCoordinate>
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; Identification: identifiedBy:
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<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Alexey Reshchikov</determinerName>
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; Event: samplingEffort: Malaise trap; verbatimEventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" value="2014-04-01" valueMax="2014-04-30" valueMin="2014-04-01">1-30. iv. 2014</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">QSBG</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Diagnosis</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. spinipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" rank="species" species="spinipes">P. spinipes</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 7, 8) can be distinguished from other Thai species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Phytodietus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytodietus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phytodietus</taxonomicName>
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by having the dorsolateral margins of the first metasomal tergite sharp along the whole length (Fig. 3c, d) (mostly rounded in the other species (Fig. 3a, b)), and the body predominantly black (Fig. 7), with numerous yellow marks (predominantly yellow in the other two species (Figs 1, 4)). Among other Oriental species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Phytodietus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytodietus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phytodietus</taxonomicName>
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which are similar in colour pattern
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. spinipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" rank="species" species="spinipes">P. spinipes</taxonomicName>
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is relatively easy to recognize by the following combination of characters: eye orbits yellow (Fig. 8a), face completely or largely yellow (sometimes very pale yellow), hind femur orange, and hind tibia and tarsus black (sometimes tibia slightly paler basally).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. spinipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" rank="species" species="spinipes">P. spinipes</taxonomicName>
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was originally described from Sri Lanka (
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<bibRefCitation author="Cameron, P." journalOrPublisher="Spolia Zeylanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" pagination="67 - 143" title="On the phytophagous and parasitic Hymenoptera collected by Mr. E. Green in Ceylon." volume="3" year="1905">Cameron 1905</bibRefCitation>
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) but it has also been recorded in China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar and Taiwan (
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<bibRefCitation author="Yu, D. S." journalOrPublisher="Vancouver, Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" title="World Ichneumonoidea 2011. Taxapad 2012." year="2012">Yu et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">Biology</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">
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Data suggests that
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. spinipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" rank="species" species="spinipes">P. spinipes</taxonomicName>
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also has more than one generation per year. It has been recorded in: March in Myanmar, October in Java (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kaur, R." journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects Monograph" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" pagination="1 - 276" title="Ichneumonologia Orientalis, Part VIII. The tribe Phytodietini from India (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." volume="9" year="1979">Kaur and Jonathan 1979</bibRefCitation>
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), January, February, April, May and the beginning of the June in Thailand. It has been collected at an altitude of 1000 m a.s.l. in Myanmar (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kaur, R." journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects Monograph" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" pagination="1 - 276" title="Ichneumonologia Orientalis, Part VIII. The tribe Phytodietini from India (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." volume="9" year="1979">Kaur and Jonathan 1979</bibRefCitation>
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) and 1449-2174 m a.s.l. in Thailand.
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. spinipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" rank="species" species="spinipes">P. spinipes</taxonomicName>
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was collected in different types of forest in Thailand: (a) A moist evergreen montane forest with
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cinnamomum verum" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verum">Cinnamomum verum</taxonomicName>
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J. Presl.,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Prunus cerasoides" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerasoides">Prunus cerasoides</taxonomicName>
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D. Don,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Schima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schima wallichii" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wallichii">Schima wallichii</taxonomicName>
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(DC.) Korth. and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loganiaceae" genus="Strychnos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Strychnos axillaris" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="axillaris">Strychnos axillaris</taxonomicName>
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Colebr. covered with mosses, ferns, lichens, orchids and other epiphytes, (b) In hill evergreen forest with
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer oblongum" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblongum">Acer oblongum</taxonomicName>
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Wall. ex DC.,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Pentaphylacaceae" genus="Anneslea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Anneslea fragrans" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fragrans">Anneslea fragrans</taxonomicName>
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Wall.,
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|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula alnoides" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alnoides">Betula alnoides</taxonomicName>
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Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don,
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|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Litsea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Litsea cubeba" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cubeba">Litsea cubeba</taxonomicName>
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(Lour.) Pers.,
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|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Magnolia hodgsonii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hodgsonii">Magnolia hodgsonii</taxonomicName>
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(Hook. f. & Thomson) H. Keng,
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|
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus kesiya" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kesiya">Pinus kesiya</taxonomicName>
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Royle ex Gordon,
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|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus kingiana" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kingiana">Quercus kingiana</taxonomicName>
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|
Craib,
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|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus semiserrata" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semiserrata">Quercus semiserrata</taxonomicName>
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|
Roxb., (c) In a pine forest with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus kesiya" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kesiya">Pinus kesiya</taxonomicName>
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|
Royle ex Gordon and
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|
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus merkusii" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="merkusii">Pinus merkusii</taxonomicName>
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|
Jungh. et de Vriese being the dominant tree species.
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8027">
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. spinipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" rank="species" species="spinipes">P. spinipes</taxonomicName>
|
|
is known to be a parasitoid of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Homona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Homona coffearia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coffearia">Homona coffearia</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Nietner) (
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tortricidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
), the tea Tortrix in Sri Lanka, Taiwan (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Gupta, V. K." journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" pagination="1 - 597" title="The Icheumonidae of the Indo-Australian area (Hymenoptera)" volume="41" year="1987">Gupta 1987</bibRefCitation>
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|
) and India (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Muraleedharan, N." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Plantation Crops" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" pagination="26 - 32" title="Bioecology of Phytodietusspinipes (Cameron) a parasitoid of Homonacoffearia Nietner, the tea Tortrix" volume="19" year="1991">Muraleedharan and Selvasundaram 1991</bibRefCitation>
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|
). In Java this species has been reared from
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Homona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Homona" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Homona</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kaur, R." journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects Monograph" pageId="0" pageNumber="8027" pagination="1 - 276" title="Ichneumonologia Orientalis, Part VIII. The tribe Phytodietini from India (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." volume="9" year="1979">Kaur and Jonathan 1979</bibRefCitation>
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|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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|
</treatment>
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</document> |