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<document id="5A2EDEA570A16961E8981FF7D944E904" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-ZooBank="4405014-D172-481B-B822-2C9B6479CD7" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1738886294897" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hu, Gui-Lin, Gao, Kai, Wang, Ji-Shen, Hebert, Paul D. N. &amp; Hua, Bao-Zhen" docDate="2019" docId="0382A032FFC3FFF6FF05FB90FF47FD0A" docLanguage="en" docName="zlz059.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Dicerapanorpa hualongshana Hu &amp; Gao &amp; Wang &amp; Hebert &amp; Hua 2019, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="1189" masterDocId="FFBBD84AFFCDFFE6FF97FFA8FFA1FFC8" masterDocTitle="Molecular phylogeny and species delimitation of the genus Dicerapanorpa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)" masterLastPageNumber="1195" masterPageNumber="1173" pageNumber="1187" updateTime="1738889584386" updateUser="GgImagineBatch">
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<mods:title id="2690DC3AE786A3FB82AAAE0EDDCBB8B6">Molecular phylogeny and species delimitation of the genus Dicerapanorpa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)</mods:title>
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<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFC3FFE8FEB7FB21FE23FB6A" box="[288,386,1161,1186]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[144,226,1383,1405]" captionTargetBox="[304,1266,196,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-289@6.[303,1266,195,1343]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Anal horns for 16 species of Dicerapanorpa: A, D. yijunae; B, D. kimminsi; C, D. diceras; D, D. lativalva; E, D. zhongdianensis; F, D. luojishana; G, D. tanae; H, D. macula; I, D. deqenensis; J, D. tjederi; K, D. tenuis; L, D. minshana; M, D. hualongshana; N, D. magna; O, D. shennongensis; P, D. baiyunshana." pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">
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3M
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<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFC3FFE8FE54FB21FE48FB6A" box="[451,489,1161,1186]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[147,228,1491,1513]" captionTargetBox="[304,1263,208,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-130@8.[303,1266,195,1451]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Male genitalia for 16 species of Dicerapanorpa: A, D. yijunae; B, D. kimminsi; C, D. diceras; D, D. lativalva; E, D. zhongdianensis; F, D. luojishana; G, D. tanae; H, D. macula; I, D. deqenensis; J, D. tjederi; K, D. tenuis; L, D. minshana; M, D. hualongshana; N, D. magna; O, D. shennongensis; P, D. baiyunshana." pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">5M</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFC3FFE8FE61FB21FDB6FB6A" box="[502,535,1161,1186]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[163,241,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[324,1281,198,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-57@9.[321,1284,195,1586]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Female medigynium for 16 species of Dicerapanorpa:A, D.yijunae; B,D.kimminsi;C, D.lativalva; D,D.deqenensis; E, D. macula; F, D. zhongdianensis; G, D. tenuis; H, D. tanae; I, D. luojishana; J, D. tjederi; K, D. diceras; L, M, D. minshana; N, D. hualongshana; O, P, D. magna; Q–S, D. shennongensis; T, D. baiyunshana." pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">6N</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFC3FFE8FDB3FB21FDE1FB6A" box="[548,576,1161,1186]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="15.[163,241,934,956]" captionTargetBox="[330,1280,205,884]" captionTargetId="figure-80@15.[321,1284,195,894]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 12. Dicerapanorpa hualongshana: A, male holotype, dorsal view; B, female paratype, dorsal view; C, D, male genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; E, female subgenital plate, ventral view; F, female medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ae, aedeagus; ax, axis; bb, basal branch; bp, basal process; ep, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lb, lateral branch; mb, mesal branch; mp, main plate; mt, median tooth; pa, posterior arm; sgp, subgenital plate. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E, F)." pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFC3FFE8FDD9FB21FDCBFB6A" box="[590,618,1161,1186]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="15.[163,242,1817,1839]" captionTargetBox="[322,1284,1120,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-26@15.[321,1284,1119,1778]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 13. Scanning electron micrographs of male (A–C) and female genitalia (D–G) of Dicerapanorpa hualongshana: A, male genital bulb, with hypandrium removed, ventral view; B, magnification of A to show the male aedeagus, ventral view; C, right hypovalve, ventral view; D, E, female subgenital plate; F, G, medigynium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">13</figureCitation>
)
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</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B431B79FFC3FFE8FDADF9A8FD8DF99B" collectingDate="2018-06-24" collectorName="Kai Gao &amp; Yuan Hua" county="Pingli County" location="Hualongshan Mountain" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Shaanxi" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2DDAADFFC3FFE8FDADF9A8FD28F9DD" box="[570,649,1533,1558]" count="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" type="male">
Five
<emphasis id="B95FCD36FFC3FFE8FDE1FA55FD28F9DD" box="[630,649,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">♂</emphasis>
</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2DDAADFFC3FFE8FD0FF9A8FD52F9DD" box="[664,755,1536,1558]" count="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" type="female">three ♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF447FFFFC3FFE8FF06F9B6FE0FF9FC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0382A032FFC3FFF6FF05FB90FF47FD0A:8EF447FFFFC3FFE8FF06F9B6FE0FF9FC" box="[145,430,1566,1588]" county="Pingli County" name="Hualongshan Mountain" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" stateProvince="Shaanxi">Hualongshan Mountain</location>
,
<collectingCounty id="62F569A8FFC3FFE8FE2CF9B6FDFEF9FC" box="[443,607,1566,1588]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Pingli County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="49EFDFC6FFC3FFE8FDFBF9B6FD6EF9FC" box="[620,719,1566,1588]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Shaanxi</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="FF9537E4FFC3FFE8FD4BF9B7FEADF99A" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" value="2018-06-24">
<collectingDate id="EFD1CE0CFFC3FFE8FD4BF9B7FEADF99A" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" value="2018-06-24">24 June 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26DE74F2FFC3FFE8FEDEF995FE0BF99A" box="[329,426,1597,1619]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Kai Gao</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26DE74F2FFC3FFE8FE21F996FD8DF99B" box="[438,556,1598,1619]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Yuan Hua</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
and Yu-Ru Yang;
<materialsCitation id="3B431B79FFC3FFE8FF06F9F4FD55F958" collectingDate="2018-06-26" collectorName="Yuan Hua &amp; Kai Gao" county="Langao County" location="Mount Nangongshan" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" specimenCount="22" specimenCount-female="21" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Shaanxi" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2DDAADFFC3FFE8FF06F9F4FF76F9B9" box="[145,215,1625,1649]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" type="male">
one
<emphasis id="B95FCD36FFC3FFE8FF53F9F1FF76F9B9" box="[196,215,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">♂</emphasis>
</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2DDAADFFC3FFE8FF71F9F4FEBEF9B9" box="[230,287,1628,1649]" count="21" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" type="female">21 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF447FFFFC3FFE8FEB8F9F4FD8EF9BA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0382A032FFC3FFF6FF05FB90FF47FD0A:8EF447FFFFC3FFE8FEB8F9F4FD8EF9BA" box="[303,559,1628,1650]" county="Langao County" name="Mount Nangongshan" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" stateProvince="Shaanxi">Mount Nangongshan</location>
,
<collectingCounty id="62F569A8FFC3FFE8FDABF9F4FD55F9B9" box="[572,756,1628,1649]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Langao County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="49EFDFC6FFC3FFE8FF06F9D2FF55F958" box="[145,244,1658,1680]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Shaanxi</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="FF9537E4FFC3FFE8FE96F9D2FE00F958" box="[257,417,1658,1680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" value="2018-06-26">
<collectingDate id="EFD1CE0CFFC3FFE8FE96F9D2FE00F958" box="[257,417,1658,1680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" value="2018-06-26">26 June 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26DE74F2FFC3FFE8FE49F9D3FDF4F958" box="[478,597,1659,1680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Yuan Hua</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="26DE74F2FFC3FFE8FD05F9D2FD55F958" box="[658,756,1658,1680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Kai Gao</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<specimenCount id="9D2DDAADFFC3FFE8FF06F931FF78F966" box="[145,217,1686,1711]" count="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" type="male">
four
<emphasis id="B95FCD36FFC3FFE8FF51F93EFF78F966" box="[198,217,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">♂</emphasis>
</specimenCount>
, ten
<materialsCitation id="3B431B79FFC3FFE8FE85F932FDEFF905" collectingDate="2018-06-20" collectorName="Kai Gao." county="Chengkou County" latitude="31.84" location="Chengkou County" longLatPrecision="557" longitude="109.107" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Chongqing" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2DDAADFFC3FFE8FE85F932FE84F967" box="[274,293,1690,1711]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCounty id="62F569A8FFC3FFE8FEA6F931FE5EF966" box="[305,511,1689,1711]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Chengkou County</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE1F77E3FFC3FFE8FD99F931FDCBF966" box="[526,618,1689,1710]" degrees="31.84" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" precision="555" value="31.84">31.84°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1F77E3FFC3FFE8FDE1F931FD4CF966" box="[630,749,1689,1710]" degrees="109.107" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" precision="55" value="109.107">109.107°E</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectingRegion id="49EFDFC6FFC3FFE8FF06F910FEAFF906" box="[145,270,1720,1742]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="FF9537E4FFC3FFE8FE8FF910FE13F905" box="[280,434,1720,1741]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" value="2018-06-20">
<collectingDate id="EFD1CE0CFFC3FFE8FE8FF910FE13F905" box="[280,434,1720,1741]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" value="2018-06-20">20 June 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26DE74F2FFC3FFE8FE7DF910FDEFF905" box="[490,590,1720,1742]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Kai Gao.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B941124FFC3FFE8FF06F8AEFEB3F8D6" blockId="14.[145,274,1798,1822]" box="[145,274,1798,1822]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">
<emphasis id="B95FCD36FFC3FFE8FF06F8AEFEB3F8D6" box="[145,274,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B941124FFC3FFE8FF06F886FE09F8AB" blockId="14.[145,758,1838,1891]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">
The specific epithet refers to the
<typeStatus id="5490AF86FFC3FFE8FDC5F887FD29F88C" box="[594,648,1839,1860]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">type</typeStatus>
locality, Hualongshan Mountain.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B941124FFC3FFE8FCBEFF6EFC03FF15" blockId="14.[809,930,198,221]" box="[809,930,198,221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">
<emphasis id="B95FCD36FFC3FFE8FCBEFF6EFC03FF15" box="[809,930,198,221]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B941124FFC3FFE8FCBEFF45FB01FE55" blockId="14.[809,1425,237,413]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">
This new species resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C2B6AA7FFC3FFE8FB11FF46FAF9FECA" authorityName="Zhong &amp; Hua" authorityYear="2013" box="[1158,1368,237,259]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Dicerapanorpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shennongensis">
<emphasis id="B95FCD36FFC3FFE8FB11FF46FAF9FECA" box="[1158,1368,237,259]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">D. shennongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but can be readily differentiated from the latter by the following characters: (1) mesal branches of male parameres convergent distally (cf. parallel); and (2) main plate of female medigynium broad, posterior arms short (cf. slender and long).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B941124FFC3FFE8FCBEFE73FC14FE3A" blockId="14.[809,949,475,498]" box="[809,949,475,498]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">
<emphasis id="B95FCD36FFC3FFE8FCBEFE73FC14FE3A" box="[809,949,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B941124FFC3FFE8FCBEFDABFA30FD9D" blockId="14.[809,1425,515,598]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">
<emphasis id="B95FCD36FFC3FFE8FCBEFDABFCCCFDD0" box="[809,877,515,536]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Head:</emphasis>
Head mostly yellow. Vertex yellowish. Ocellar triangle black. Rostrum yellow, without distinct black longitudinal stripes.Antenna blackish brown (
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFC3FFE8FA86FDE8FA22FD9D" box="[1297,1411,576,598]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="15.[163,241,934,956]" captionTargetBox="[330,1280,205,884]" captionTargetId="figure-80@15.[321,1284,195,894]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 12. Dicerapanorpa hualongshana: A, male holotype, dorsal view; B, female paratype, dorsal view; C, D, male genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; E, female subgenital plate, ventral view; F, female medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ae, aedeagus; ax, axis; bb, basal branch; bp, basal process; ep, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lb, lateral branch; mb, mesal branch; mp, main plate; mt, median tooth; pa, posterior arm; sgp, subgenital plate. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E, F)." pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Fig. 12A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B941124FFC3FFE8FCBEFDD7FBDFFD38" blockId="14.[809,1425,639,753]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">
<emphasis id="B95FCD36FFC3FFE8FCBEFDD7FC2AFD5C" box="[809,907,639,660]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Thorax:</emphasis>
Pro-, meso- and metanotum yellowish, bearing black stout setae anteriorly and two black longitudinal stripes laterally. Pleura pale yellow. Legs yellowish brown (
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFC3FFE8FC66FD73FBCFFD38" box="[1009,1134,731,753]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="15.[163,241,934,956]" captionTargetBox="[330,1280,205,884]" captionTargetId="figure-80@15.[321,1284,195,894]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 12. Dicerapanorpa hualongshana: A, male holotype, dorsal view; B, female paratype, dorsal view; C, D, male genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; E, female subgenital plate, ventral view; F, female medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ae, aedeagus; ax, axis; bb, basal branch; bp, basal process; ep, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lb, lateral branch; mb, mesal branch; mp, main plate; mt, median tooth; pa, posterior arm; sgp, subgenital plate. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E, F)." pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Fig. 12A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B941124FFC3FFE8FCBEFCB2FAA9FB56" blockId="14.[809,1425,793,1183]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">
<emphasis id="B95FCD36FFC3FFE8FCBEFCB2FCD4FCE7" box="[809,885,794,815]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Wings:</emphasis>
Male
<typeStatus id="5490AF86FFC3FFE8FC57FCB1FB82FCE7" box="[960,1059,793,815]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: forewing length
<quantity id="4CD3BCC1FFC3FFE8FB75FCB1FAE4FCE7" box="[1250,1349,793,815]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" unit="mm" value="15.8">15.8 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="4CD3BCC1FFC3FFE8FCBEFC90FC23FC85" box="[809,898,824,845]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
, yellowish with dark brown markings; apical band enclosing a large hyaline window; pterostigmal band with a broad basal branch and a reduced separated distal branch; basal band extremely reduced; marginal and basal spots indistinct; hindwing length
<quantity id="4CD3BCC1FFC3FFE8FAB1FC1BFA2DFC00" box="[1318,1420,947,968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" unit="mm" value="13.9">13.9 mm</quantity>
, width 4.0 mm, with more degenerated markings (
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFC3FFE8FCA5FC58FC36FBCD" box="[818,919,1008,1030]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="15.[163,241,934,956]" captionTargetBox="[330,1280,205,884]" captionTargetId="figure-80@15.[321,1284,195,894]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 12. Dicerapanorpa hualongshana: A, male holotype, dorsal view; B, female paratype, dorsal view; C, D, male genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; E, female subgenital plate, ventral view; F, female medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ae, aedeagus; ax, axis; bb, basal branch; bp, basal process; ep, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lb, lateral branch; mb, mesal branch; mp, main plate; mt, median tooth; pa, posterior arm; sgp, subgenital plate. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E, F)." pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
). Female: forewing length
<quantity id="4CD3BCC1FFC3FFE8FB77FC58FA2DFBCD" box="[1248,1420,1008,1029]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.72" metricValueMin="1.48" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="17.2" valueMin="14.8">14.8–17.2 mm</quantity>
, width 4.0–
<quantity id="4CD3BCC1FFC3FFE8FC37FBA7FC54FBEC" box="[928,1013,1039,1060]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" unit="mm" value="4.9">4.9 mm</quantity>
, basal band reduced, extending from vein R 1 to 1A; pterostigma and apical bands complete; marginal spot extending from vein R
<subScript id="17AF1361FFC3FFE8FB29FBF4FB67FBA0" attach="left" box="[1214,1222,1116,1128]" fontSize="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">1</subScript>
to R
<subScript id="17AF1361FFC3FFE8FB6FFBF4FAB7FBAF" attach="left" box="[1272,1302,1115,1128]" fontSize="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">4 + 5</subScript>
. Hindwing length
<quantity id="4CD3BCC1FFC3FFE8FCE9FBC3FB89FB48" box="[894,1064,1131,1153]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.495" metricValueMax="1.61" metricValueMin="1.38" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" unit="mm" value="14.95" valueMax="16.1" valueMin="13.8">13.8–16.1 mm</quantity>
, width 4.0–
<quantity id="4CD3BCC1FFC3FFE8FB23FBC3FAAEFB48" box="[1204,1295,1131,1152]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
, similar to forewing in general appearance (
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFC3FFE8FB0CFB21FB58FB56" box="[1179,1273,1161,1183]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="15.[163,241,934,956]" captionTargetBox="[330,1280,205,884]" captionTargetId="figure-80@15.[321,1284,195,894]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 12. Dicerapanorpa hualongshana: A, male holotype, dorsal view; B, female paratype, dorsal view; C, D, male genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; E, female subgenital plate, ventral view; F, female medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ae, aedeagus; ax, axis; bb, basal branch; bp, basal process; ep, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lb, lateral branch; mb, mesal branch; mp, main plate; mt, median tooth; pa, posterior arm; sgp, subgenital plate. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E, F)." pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B941124FFC3FFE8FCBEFB60FBCEFA39" blockId="14.[809,1426,1224,1522]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">
<emphasis id="B95FCD36FFC3FFE8FCBEFB60FC08FB16" box="[809,937,1224,1246]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Abdomen:</emphasis>
T1–T 5 pale yellow, with two black longitudinal stripes laterally (
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFC3FFE8FB30FB4FFA92FB34" box="[1191,1331,1255,1277]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="15.[163,241,934,956]" captionTargetBox="[330,1280,205,884]" captionTargetId="figure-80@15.[321,1284,195,894]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 12. Dicerapanorpa hualongshana: A, male holotype, dorsal view; B, female paratype, dorsal view; C, D, male genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; E, female subgenital plate, ventral view; F, female medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ae, aedeagus; ax, axis; bb, basal branch; bp, basal process; ep, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lb, lateral branch; mb, mesal branch; mp, main plate; mt, median tooth; pa, posterior arm; sgp, subgenital plate. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E, F)." pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Fig. 12A, B</figureCitation>
). Male: notal organ of T3 well developed, bearing thick setae on posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFC3FFE8FBBCFA8CFB27FAF1" box="[1067,1158,1316,1338]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[163,244,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[321,1284,196,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-196@7.[321,1284,195,1402]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Notal organs for 16 species of Dicerapanorpa: A, D. yijunae; B, D. kimminsi; C, D. diceras; D, D. lativalva; E, D. zhongdianensis; F, D. luojishana; G, D. tanae; H, D. macula; I, D. deqenensis; J, D. tjederi; K, D. tenuis; L, D. minshana; M, D. hualongshana; N, D. magna; O, D. shennongensis; P, D. baiyunshana." pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Fig. 4M</figureCitation>
); T6 yellowish brown, with a pair of digitate anal horns posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFC3FFE8FAF3FAEBFCEEFABE" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[144,226,1383,1405]" captionTargetBox="[304,1266,196,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-289@6.[303,1266,195,1343]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Anal horns for 16 species of Dicerapanorpa: A, D. yijunae; B, D. kimminsi; C, D. diceras; D, D. lativalva; E, D. zhongdianensis; F, D. luojishana; G, D. tanae; H, D. macula; I, D. deqenensis; J, D. tjederi; K, D. tenuis; L, D. minshana; M, D. hualongshana; N, D. magna; O, D. shennongensis; P, D. baiyunshana." pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Fig. 3M</figureCitation>
); abdominal segment VII (A7) yellowish brown, elongate, constricted basally and abruptly dilated distally; A8 similar to A7, but much thinner apically (
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFC3FFE8FCA5FA15FC39FA1A" box="[818,920,1469,1491]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="15.[163,241,934,956]" captionTargetBox="[330,1280,205,884]" captionTargetId="figure-80@15.[321,1284,195,894]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 12. Dicerapanorpa hualongshana: A, male holotype, dorsal view; B, female paratype, dorsal view; C, D, male genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; E, female subgenital plate, ventral view; F, female medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ae, aedeagus; ax, axis; bb, basal branch; bp, basal process; ep, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lb, lateral branch; mb, mesal branch; mp, main plate; mt, median tooth; pa, posterior arm; sgp, subgenital plate. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E, F)." pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
). Female: abdominal segments gradually narrowed distally (
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFC3FFE8FB96FA74FBFEFA39" box="[1025,1119,1500,1522]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="15.[163,241,934,956]" captionTargetBox="[330,1280,205,884]" captionTargetId="figure-80@15.[321,1284,195,894]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 12. Dicerapanorpa hualongshana: A, male holotype, dorsal view; B, female paratype, dorsal view; C, D, male genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; E, female subgenital plate, ventral view; F, female medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ae, aedeagus; ax, axis; bb, basal branch; bp, basal process; ep, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lb, lateral branch; mb, mesal branch; mp, main plate; mt, median tooth; pa, posterior arm; sgp, subgenital plate. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E, F)." pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B941124FFC3FFF6FCBEF9B3FDE9FED0" blockId="14.[809,1426,1563,1891]" lastBlockId="16.[145,760,197,280]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="1189" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">
<emphasis id="B95FCD36FFC3FFE8FCBEF9B3FC73F9F8" box="[809,978,1563,1584]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Male genitalia:</emphasis>
Genital bulb yellowish brown, elliptic. Epandrium broad at base, gradually narrowing toward apex, with a deep U-shaped terminal emargination (
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFC3FFE8FCA6F9DFFC31F944" box="[817,912,1655,1677]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="15.[163,241,934,956]" captionTargetBox="[330,1280,205,884]" captionTargetId="figure-80@15.[321,1284,195,894]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 12. Dicerapanorpa hualongshana: A, male holotype, dorsal view; B, female paratype, dorsal view; C, D, male genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; E, female subgenital plate, ventral view; F, female medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ae, aedeagus; ax, axis; bb, basal branch; bp, basal process; ep, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lb, lateral branch; mb, mesal branch; mp, main plate; mt, median tooth; pa, posterior arm; sgp, subgenital plate. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E, F)." pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
). Hypovalve not reaching apex of gonocoxite, with long bristles along inner margin (
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFC3FFE8FB74F93DFAE9F962" box="[1251,1352,1685,1707]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="15.[163,241,934,956]" captionTargetBox="[330,1280,205,884]" captionTargetId="figure-80@15.[321,1284,195,894]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 12. Dicerapanorpa hualongshana: A, male holotype, dorsal view; B, female paratype, dorsal view; C, D, male genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; E, female subgenital plate, ventral view; F, female medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ae, aedeagus; ax, axis; bb, basal branch; bp, basal process; ep, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lb, lateral branch; mb, mesal branch; mp, main plate; mt, median tooth; pa, posterior arm; sgp, subgenital plate. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E, F)." pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Figs 12D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFC3FFE8FAC2F93DFA23F962" box="[1365,1410,1685,1706]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="15.[163,242,1817,1839]" captionTargetBox="[322,1284,1120,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-26@15.[321,1284,1119,1778]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 13. Scanning electron micrographs of male (A–C) and female genitalia (D–G) of Dicerapanorpa hualongshana: A, male genital bulb, with hypandrium removed, ventral view; B, magnification of A to show the male aedeagus, ventral view; C, right hypovalve, ventral view; D, E, female subgenital plate; F, G, medigynium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">13C</figureCitation>
). Gonostylus shorter than gonocoxite, with a developed pentagon-shaped basal process and a small, sharp median tooth (
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFC3FFE8FC5BF959FBE6F8CF" box="[972,1095,1777,1799]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="15.[163,241,934,956]" captionTargetBox="[330,1280,205,884]" captionTargetId="figure-80@15.[321,1284,195,894]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 12. Dicerapanorpa hualongshana: A, male holotype, dorsal view; B, female paratype, dorsal view; C, D, male genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; E, female subgenital plate, ventral view; F, female medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ae, aedeagus; ax, axis; bb, basal branch; bp, basal process; ep, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lb, lateral branch; mb, mesal branch; mp, main plate; mt, median tooth; pa, posterior arm; sgp, subgenital plate. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E, F)." pageId="14" pageNumber="1187">Fig. 12C, D</figureCitation>
). Parameres trifurcate: basal branches short, nearly parallel; mesal branch elongate, curved inward at apex, reaching basal process of gonostylus; lateral branch incurved, reaching or exceeding apex of ventral valve. Ventral valves of aedeagus long, slender; dorsal valves sclerotized, not reaching apex of gonocoxite (
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFDDFFF6FE4EFEAAFD99FED0" box="[473,568,258,280]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="15.[163,241,934,956]" captionTargetBox="[330,1280,205,884]" captionTargetId="figure-80@15.[321,1284,195,894]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 12. Dicerapanorpa hualongshana: A, male holotype, dorsal view; B, female paratype, dorsal view; C, D, male genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; E, female subgenital plate, ventral view; F, female medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ae, aedeagus; ax, axis; bb, basal branch; bp, basal process; ep, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lb, lateral branch; mb, mesal branch; mp, main plate; mt, median tooth; pa, posterior arm; sgp, subgenital plate. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E, F)." pageId="16" pageNumber="1189">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5441ACFFC2FFE9FF34FC0EFD46FBF9" pageId="15" pageNumber="1188" startId="15.[163,241,934,956]" targetBox="[330,1280,205,884]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B941124FFC2FFE9FF34FC0EFD46FBF9" blockId="15.[163,1444,934,1073]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1188">
<emphasis id="B95FCD36FFC2FFE9FF34FC0EFEB6FC73" bold="true" box="[163,279,934,956]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1188">Figure 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B6AA7FFC2FFE9FEB5FC0EFDF9FC74" authorityName="Hu &amp; Gao &amp; Wang &amp; Hebert &amp; Hua" authorityYear="2019" box="[290,600,934,956]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Dicerapanorpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hualongshana">
<emphasis id="B95FCD36FFC2FFE9FEB5FC0EFDF9FC74" box="[290,600,934,956]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1188">Dicerapanorpa hualongshana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A, male holotype, dorsal view; B, female paratype, dorsal view; C, D, male genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; E, female subgenital plate, ventral view; F, female medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ae, aedeagus; ax, axis; bb, basal branch; bp, basal process; ep, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lb, lateral branch; mb, mesal branch; mp, main plate; mt, median tooth; pa, posterior arm; sgp, subgenital plate. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E, F).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5441ACFFC2FFE9FF34F8B1FB67F8A2" pageId="15" pageNumber="1188" startId="15.[163,242,1817,1839]" targetBox="[322,1284,1120,1778]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B941124FFC2FFE9FF34F8B1FB67F8A2" blockId="15.[163,1444,1817,1898]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1188">
<emphasis id="B95FCD36FFC2FFE9FF34F8B1FEB8F8E6" bold="true" box="[163,281,1817,1839]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1188">Figure 13.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of male (A–C) and female genitalia (D–G) of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B6AA7FFC2FFE9FBDFF8B1FA20F8E7" authorityName="Hu &amp; Gao &amp; Wang &amp; Hebert &amp; Hua" authorityYear="2019" box="[1096,1409,1817,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Dicerapanorpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hualongshana">
<emphasis id="B95FCD36FFC2FFE9FBDFF8B1FA20F8E7" box="[1096,1409,1817,1839]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1188">Dicerapanorpa hualongshana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A, male genital bulb, with hypandrium removed, ventral view; B, magnification of A to show the male aedeagus, ventral view; C, right hypovalve, ventral view; D, E, female subgenital plate; F, G, medigynium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B941124FFDDFFF6FF06FEE9FD05FE38" blockId="16.[145,761,321,496]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1189">
<emphasis id="B95FCD36FFDDFFF6FF06FEE9FEF4FE9E" box="[145,341,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1189">Female genitalia:</emphasis>
Subgenital plate ovoid, terminating in a ligulate process, covered with long bristles caudally (
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFDDFFF6FE96FED6FEC1FE5C" box="[257,352,382,404]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="15.[163,241,934,956]" captionTargetBox="[330,1280,205,884]" captionTargetId="figure-80@15.[321,1284,195,894]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 12. Dicerapanorpa hualongshana: A, male holotype, dorsal view; B, female paratype, dorsal view; C, D, male genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; E, female subgenital plate, ventral view; F, female medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ae, aedeagus; ax, axis; bb, basal branch; bp, basal process; ep, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lb, lateral branch; mb, mesal branch; mp, main plate; mt, median tooth; pa, posterior arm; sgp, subgenital plate. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E, F)." pageId="16" pageNumber="1189">Fig. 12E</figureCitation>
). Main plate of female medigynium broad, nearly rectangular (
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFDDFFF6FE46FE35FD93FE7A" box="[465,562,413,435]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="15.[163,241,934,956]" captionTargetBox="[330,1280,205,884]" captionTargetId="figure-80@15.[321,1284,195,894]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 12. Dicerapanorpa hualongshana: A, male holotype, dorsal view; B, female paratype, dorsal view; C, D, male genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; E, female subgenital plate, ventral view; F, female medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ae, aedeagus; ax, axis; bb, basal branch; bp, basal process; ep, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lb, lateral branch; mb, mesal branch; mp, main plate; mt, median tooth; pa, posterior arm; sgp, subgenital plate. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E, F)." pageId="16" pageNumber="1189">Fig. 12F</figureCitation>
). Posterior arms shorter than main plate. Axis concealed in main plate, slightly protruding beyond main plate at apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B941124FFDDFFF6FF06FD81FF5FFD89" blockId="16.[145,254,553,577]" box="[145,254,553,577]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1189">
<emphasis id="B95FCD36FFDDFFF6FF06FD81FF5FFD89" box="[145,254,553,577]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1189">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B941124FFDDFFF6FF06FDF9FF47FD0A" blockId="16.[145,762,593,707]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1189">
Different individuals of this species exhibit variations in male aedeagus, paramere (
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFDDFFF6FE76FDD8FD9FFD4D" box="[481,574,624,646]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[163,244,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[321,1284,196,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-196@7.[321,1284,195,1402]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Notal organs for 16 species of Dicerapanorpa: A, D. yijunae; B, D. kimminsi; C, D. diceras; D, D. lativalva; E, D. zhongdianensis; F, D. luojishana; G, D. tanae; H, D. macula; I, D. deqenensis; J, D. tjederi; K, D. tenuis; L, D. minshana; M, D. hualongshana; N, D. magna; O, D. shennongensis; P, D. baiyunshana." pageId="16" pageNumber="1189">Figs 4M</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFDDFFF6FDDCFDD8FD36FD4D" box="[587,663,624,645]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="15.[163,242,1817,1839]" captionTargetBox="[322,1284,1120,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-26@15.[321,1284,1119,1778]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 13. Scanning electron micrographs of male (A–C) and female genitalia (D–G) of Dicerapanorpa hualongshana: A, male genital bulb, with hypandrium removed, ventral view; B, magnification of A to show the male aedeagus, ventral view; C, right hypovalve, ventral view; D, E, female subgenital plate; F, G, medigynium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." pageId="16" pageNumber="1189">13A, B</figureCitation>
), female subgenital plate (
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFDDFFF6FEC7FD26FE69FD6C" box="[336,456,654,676]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="15.[163,242,1817,1839]" captionTargetBox="[322,1284,1120,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-26@15.[321,1284,1119,1778]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 13. Scanning electron micrographs of male (A–C) and female genitalia (D–G) of Dicerapanorpa hualongshana: A, male genital bulb, with hypandrium removed, ventral view; B, magnification of A to show the male aedeagus, ventral view; C, right hypovalve, ventral view; D, E, female subgenital plate; F, G, medigynium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." pageId="16" pageNumber="1189">Fig. 13D, E</figureCitation>
) and medigynium (
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFDDFFF6FD09FD26FD52FD6C" box="[670,755,654,676]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[163,241,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[324,1281,198,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-57@9.[321,1284,195,1586]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Female medigynium for 16 species of Dicerapanorpa:A, D.yijunae; B,D.kimminsi;C, D.lativalva; D,D.deqenensis; E, D. macula; F, D. zhongdianensis; G, D. tenuis; H, D. tanae; I, D. luojishana; J, D. tjederi; K, D. diceras; L, M, D. minshana; N, D. hualongshana; O, P, D. magna; Q–S, D. shennongensis; T, D. baiyunshana." pageId="16" pageNumber="1189">Figs 6N</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13100DA1FFDDFFF6FF06FD05FF76FD0A" box="[145,215,685,707]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="15.[163,242,1817,1839]" captionTargetBox="[322,1284,1120,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-26@15.[321,1284,1119,1778]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 13. Scanning electron micrographs of male (A–C) and female genitalia (D–G) of Dicerapanorpa hualongshana: A, male genital bulb, with hypandrium removed, ventral view; B, magnification of A to show the male aedeagus, ventral view; C, right hypovalve, ventral view; D, E, female subgenital plate; F, G, medigynium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." pageId="16" pageNumber="1189">13F, G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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