293 lines
36 KiB
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293 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="A9502EB901015F46AE147B0996A556A7" ID-DOI="10.12651/JSR.2020.9.4.492" ID-ISSN="2713-8615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13139285" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722386349428" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Podenas, Sigitas, Park, Sun-Jae, Byun, Hye-Woo, Kim, A-Young, Klein, Terry A. & Aukštikalnienė, Heung-Chul Kim and Rasa" docDate="2020" docId="B327879E5305A62CFC897496FAA8FA41" docLanguage="en" docName="JSpeciesRes.9.4.492-531.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Species Research 9 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372.2:JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372" docStyleName="JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Austrolimnophila Alexander 1920" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="499" masterDocId="4F1EFFE65303A62BFFA0721DFFF5FFA6" masterDocTitle="New data on Limoniinae and Limnophilinae crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea" masterLastPageNumber="531" masterPageNumber="492" pageNumber="498" updateTime="1722386947790" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="E1CC70CFD62E08AE506133F16645F1A0">New data on Limoniinae and Limnophilinae crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="79B6A10C8FF7288D64B0212D921015F6">Podenas, Sigitas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2815A558A3D6A1AA6957A71A4A39FA2F">Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT- 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania & Life Sciences Center of Vilnius University, Sauletekio str. 7, LT- 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4136F39172EC66821F44D453A7D485D0" type="email">sigitas.podenas@gamtc.lt</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F20E683872357E7F0D5B4D2B72EE62DE">Park, Sun-Jae</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B2B0D6397648AFDC475DA44C3723E428">Animal Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F4BF3E2104CBAF34EF2B731A9446BAE2">Byun, Hye-Woo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="28825AF9032DA1205D58145476E85A20">Animal Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="938AE88DF3336180C0CEA1041C91D693">Kim, A-Young</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0CEE2A3925F20CF38F32713C347FECEB">Animal Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="468025118D4A7B6EE0FC78BB946384FD">Klein, Terry A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BA40E232B5DFEDEACE818546AA18E55E">Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea (MEDDAC-K) / 65 th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, APO AP 96271</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5419BAF3984669630A24ADA52D589669">Aukštikalnienė, Heung-Chul Kim and Rasa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9138F1EB4945274B428949C8CA7CEC9A">Journal of Species Research</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="06357C7C88526B787E271B15FB10E9FC">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9ED7BA6369C47C19C3A0367D7D7FE323">9</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName id="FC8E4D0B5305A62DFC897496FB41F905" ID-CoL="87DK7" authority="Alexander, 1920 a" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1920" box="[809,1204,1675,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Austrolimnophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5305A62DFC897496FB41F905" bold="true" box="[809,1204,1675,1699]" pageId="6" pageNumber="498">
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<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5305A62DFC897496FC1EF905" bold="true" box="[809,1003,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="498">Austrolimnophila</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795305A62DFC507496FB41F905" author="Alexander, C. P." box="[1008,1204,1675,1699]" pageId="6" pageNumber="498" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref38176" refString="Alexander, C. P. 1920 a. The crane-flies collected by the Swed- ish expedition (1895 - 1896) to southern Chile and Tierra del Fuego (Tipulidae, Diptera). Arkiv for Zoologi 13 (6): 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1920">Alexander, 1920a</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="FC8E4D0B5305A62DFC8974B6FA97F965" authority="Alexander, 1920 a: 4 - 5" authorityName="Alexander" authorityPageNumber="4 - 5" authorityYear="1920" box="[809,1378,1707,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limnophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Austrolimnophila">
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<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5305A62DFC8974B6FC57F965" box="[809,930,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="498">Limnophila</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5305A62DFC0E74B6FB96F965" box="[942,1123,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="498">Austrolimnophila</emphasis>
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795305A62DFBD174B6FA97F965" author="Alexander, C. P." box="[1137,1378,1707,1732]" pageId="6" pageNumber="498" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref38176" refString="Alexander, C. P. 1920 a. The crane-flies collected by the Swed- ish expedition (1895 - 1896) to southern Chile and Tierra del Fuego (Tipulidae, Diptera). Arkiv for Zoologi 13 (6): 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1920">Alexander, 1920a: 4-5</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B3136885305A62DFC8974D6FC7CF8E2" blockId="6.[809,1414,1675,1925]" pageId="6" pageNumber="498">
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<treatmentCitation id="BA2F10995305A62DFC8974D6FB25F942" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[809,1232,1739,1764]" page="63" pageId="6" pageNumber="498" year="1938">
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<taxonomicName id="FC8E4D0B5305A62DFC8974D6FB25F942" ID-CoL="87DK7" authority="Edwards, 1938: 63" authorityName="Edwards" authorityPageNumber="63" authorityYear="1938" box="[809,1232,1739,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Austrolimnophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5305A62DFC8974D6FC19F945" box="[809,1004,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="498">Austrolimnophila</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795305A62DFC5674D1FB25F942" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[1014,1232,1740,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="498" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref39440" refString="Edwards, F. W. 1938. British short-palped craneflies. Taxonomy of adults. Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 5: 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1938">Edwards, 1938: 63</bibRefCitation>
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, 67;
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<treatmentCitation id="BA2F10995305A62DFAAB74D1FC58F8A2" author="Alexander, C. P." page="153" pageId="6" pageNumber="498" year="1948">
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<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795305A62DFAAB74D1FC58F8A2" author="Alexander, C. P." pageId="6" pageNumber="498" pagination="149 - 190" refId="ref38800" refString="Alexander, C. P. 1948. Notes on the tropical American species of Tipulidae (Diptera). IV. The primitive Hexatomini: Paradelphomyia, Austrolimnophila, Epiphragma, Lecteria, Polymera, and allies. Revista de Entomologia 19: 149 - 190." type="journal article" year="1948">Alexander, 1948: 153</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="BA2F10995305A62DFC1A74F1FBA8F8A2" author="Ishida, H." box="[954,1117,1772,1796]" page="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="498" year="1959">
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<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795305A62DFC1A74F1FBA8F8A2" author="Ishida, H." box="[954,1117,1772,1796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="498" pagination="3 - 11" refId="ref39548" refString="Ishida, H. 1959. The catalogue of the Japanese Tipulidae, with the keys to the genera and subgenera (Diptera). V. Limoniinae, Tribe Hexatomini. Science Report of the Hyogo University of Agriculture, Serie Natural Sciences 4 (1): 3 - 11." type="journal article" year="1959">Ishida, 1959: 2</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="BA2F10995305A62DFBCA74F1FC55F882" author="Savchenko, E. N. & G. O. Krivolutskaya" page="53" pageId="6" pageNumber="498" year="1976">
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<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795305A62DFBCA74F1FC55F882" author="Savchenko, E. N. & G. O. Krivolutskaya" pageId="6" pageNumber="498" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref40715" refString="Savchenko, E. N. and G. O. Krivolutskaya. 1976. Limoniidae of the south Kuril Islands and south Sakhalin. Akad. Nauk. Ukr. SSR, Kiev: 1 - 160 (in Russian)." type="book chapter" year="1976">Savchenko, Krivolutskaya, 1976: 53</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="BA2F10995305A62DFC0C7511FB7BF882" author="Savchenko, E. N." box="[940,1166,1804,1828]" page="48" pageId="6" pageNumber="498" year="1983">
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<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795305A62DFC0C7511FB7BF882" author="Savchenko, E. N." box="[940,1166,1804,1828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="498" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref40568" refString="Savchenko, E. N. 1983. Limoniidae of South Primorye. Akademiy Nauk Ukrainskoy SSR, I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Naukova Dumka, Kiev: 1 - 156 (in Russian)." type="book chapter" year="1983">Savchenko, 1983: 48</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="BA2F10995305A62DFB3A7511FAC8F882" author="Savchenko, E. N." box="[1178,1341,1804,1828]" page="227" pageId="6" pageNumber="498" year="1986">
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<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795305A62DFB3A7511FAC8F882" author="Savchenko, E. N." box="[1178,1341,1804,1828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="498" pagination="1 - 380" refId="ref40614" refString="Savchenko, E. N. 1986. Komary-limoniidy [limoniid-flies]. (General description, subfamilies Pediciinae and Hexatominae). Fauna Ukrainy 14 (2): 1 - 380 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1986">1986: 227-229</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="BA2F10995305A62DFAEA7511FC70F8E2" author="Savchenko, E. N." page="62" pageId="6" pageNumber="498" year="1989">
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<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795305A62DFAEA7511FC70F8E2" author="Savchenko, E. N." pageId="6" pageNumber="498" pagination="1 - 377" refId="ref40652" refString="Savchenko, E. N. 1989. Komary-limoniidy fauna SSSR [Limoniidae fauna of the USSR]. Determination tables of superspecies taxa with catalogue survey of species. Akadimiya Nauk Ukrainian SSR, I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Naukova Dumka, Kiev: 1 - 377 (in Russian)." type="book chapter" year="1989">1989: 62-64</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="3B3136885305A62DFC897550FC5FF823" blockId="6.[809,1414,1675,1925]" pageId="6" pageNumber="498">
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<materialsCitation id="8BE63CD55305A62DFC897550FC53F823" location="South America" pageId="6" pageNumber="498" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="E435882A5305A62DFC897550FCA8F8C3" box="[809,861,1869,1893]" pageId="6" pageNumber="498">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="FC8E4D0B5305A62DFC627550FACFF8C3" authority="Bigot, 1888" authorityName="Bigot" authorityYear="1888" box="[962,1338,1869,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limnophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eutaeniata">
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<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5305A62DFC627550FB46F8C2" box="[962,1203,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="498">Limnophila eutaeniata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795305A62DFB1B7550FACFF8C3" author="Bigot, J. M. F." box="[1211,1338,1869,1893]" pageId="6" pageNumber="498" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref39292" refString="Bigot, J. M. F. 1888. Dipteres. Ministeres de la Marine et de l Instruction Publique: Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn, 1882 - 1883, VI. Zoologie, 2. Insectes. Gauthier-Villars et Fils, Paris: 1 - 45." type="book chapter" year="1888">Bigot, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<location id="3E5160535305A62DFAE67550FC6BF823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B327879E5305A62CFC897496FAA8FA41:3E5160535305A62DFAE67550FC6BF823" name="South America" pageId="6" pageNumber="498">South America</location>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B3136885305A62DFC9F75B6FC77F865" blockId="6.[831,898,1963,1987]" box="[831,898,1963,1987]" pageId="6" pageNumber="498">Adult.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B3136885304A62CFF657318FE48FEFB" blockId="7.[174,779,261,1995]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">
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Medium-sized crane flies with body length
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<quantity id="FC769B6D5304A62CFD0C7318FF22FE9B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" metricValueMax="11.1" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" unit="mm" value="8.8" valueMax="11.1" valueMin="6.5">6.5-11.1 mm</quantity>
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and wing length
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<quantity id="FC769B6D5304A62CFE347338FDD7FE9B" box="[404,546,293,317]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="7.5">7.5-10.5 mm</quantity>
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. Body coloration varies from yellow to brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B3136885304A62CFF65737BFD3AFDE6" blockId="7.[174,779,261,1995]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">Head: Rounded posteriorly without neck-like extension. Vertex wide without tubercle, or with very small and indistinct tubercle. Antenna with 14-segmented flagellum, usually longer in males, reaching wing base or base of abdomen, if bent backwards. Flagellomeres elongate, apical segment subequal in length to preceding. Verticils long and distinct, usually longer than respective segment.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3B3136885304A62CFF657055FE70FB63" blockId="7.[174,779,261,1995]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">
|
|
Thorax: Prothorax elongate. Mesonotal prescutum without or with indistinct small tubercular pits, pseudosutural fovea small and indistinct, longitudinal stripes present, but number varies, one, two or four. Pleuron with bare katepisternum and small reduced meron, thus middle and posterior coxae close to each other. Wing long and narrow, patternless or with dark spots surrounding cross-veins, stigma present.
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFE0F7134FDF1FCE7" box="[431,516,809,833]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">Arculus</emphasis>
|
|
missing, vein
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFD0F7137FD3CFCE7" box="[687,713,810,833]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">Sc</emphasis>
|
|
long, reaching wing margin close to the branching point of
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFF0E7176FF3DFC24" box="[174,200,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">Rs</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFF767176FF0AFC24" box="[214,255,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">sc-r</emphasis>
|
|
slightly before tip of
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFE497177FDF7FC27" box="[489,514,874,897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">Sc</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFDB07176FDDCFC25" box="[528,553,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">
|
|
<collectionCode id="5D9FAE4D5304A62CFDB07176FDD5FC24" box="[528,544,875,898]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">R</collectionCode>
|
|
<subScript id="A70A34CD5304A62CFD80716FFDDCFC25" attach="left" box="[544,553,882,899]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">1</subScript>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
short and transverse, or elongate,
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFE957196FEBBFC05" box="[309,334,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">
|
|
<collectionCode id="5D9FAE4D5304A62CFE957196FEB0FC04" box="[309,325,907,930]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">R</collectionCode>
|
|
<subScript id="A70A34CD5304A62CFEE5718FFEBBFC05" attach="left" box="[325,334,914,931]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">3</subScript>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFE267196FE6AFC05" box="[390,415,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">
|
|
<collectionCode id="5D9FAE4D5304A62CFE267196FE63FC04" box="[390,406,907,930]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">R</collectionCode>
|
|
<subScript id="A70A34CD5304A62CFE36718FFE6AFC05" attach="left" box="[406,415,914,931]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">4</subScript>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
nearly parallel to each other, just slightly diverging at wing margin. Cell
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFDEA71B6FD93FC65" box="[586,614,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">
|
|
m
|
|
<subScript id="A70A34CD5304A62CFDFD71AFFD93FC65" attach="left" box="[605,614,946,963]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">1</subScript>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
long with short stem, sometimes stem missing. Discal cell always present, elongate. Cross-vein
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFE2C71F1FE34FBA5" box="[396,449,1004,1027]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">m-cu</emphasis>
|
|
distinctly beyond base, usually close to the middle of discal cell. Anal vein long, slightly sinuous, reaching wing margin close to the level of
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFD507631FCFFFBE5" box="[752,778,1068,1091]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">Rs</emphasis>
|
|
base. Anal angle distinct. Wing cells without macrotrichiae. Wing squama setoseless. All legs with tibial spurs, usually foreleg with single spur, middle and posterior legs with two spurs each.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3B3136885304A62CFF6576D0FECBF9CE" blockId="7.[174,779,261,1995]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">Abdomen: Tergites with paired transverse sutures close to the anterior margin of sclerite. Male terminalia approximately as wide as the rest abdominal segments, slightly elongate. Sclerites of ninth abdominal segment connected into genital ring in male. Ninth tergite wider than longer, posterior margin modified, with additional lobes or indentations. Gonocoxite with interbase, elongate, with or without ventro-mesal lobe, two pairs of terminal gonostyli, shape of which is species-specific. Aedeagus species-specific, could be short and straight, but elongate in some species. Ovipositor with long and narrow cerci and hypovalvae, distal part of cercus slightly raised upwards, point-apexed.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3B3136885304A62CFF65746CFEFCF92E" blockId="7.[174,779,261,1995]" box="[197,265,1649,1672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">Larva.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3B3136885304A62CFF65748CFA63FD67" blockId="7.[174,779,261,1995]" lastBlockId="7.[839,1445,261,1511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">
|
|
Body white. Head capsule oval, depressed dorsoventrally and slightly reduced (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795304A62CFE7774ACFDAAF96F" author="Wood, H. G." box="[471,607,1713,1737]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" pagination="1 - 327" refId="ref40968" refString="Wood, H. G. 1952. The crane-flies of the South-West Cape (Diptera, Tipuloidea). Annals of the South African Museum, 39, 1 - 327." type="journal article" year="1952">Wood, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795304A62CFDCC74ACFCF3F96F" author="Lindner, E." box="[620,774,1713,1737]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" pagination="209 - 319" refId="ref39804" refString="Lindner, E. 1959. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Larven der Limoniidae (Diptera). Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Okolo- gie der Tiere 48: 209 - 319." type="journal article" year="1959">Lindner, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795304A62CFF0E74CCFE80F94F" author="Krivosheina, N. P." box="[174,373,1745,1769]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" pagination="125 - 133" refId="ref39677" refString="Krivosheina, N. P. 2009. Xylophilous complex of limoniid flies (Diptera, Limoniidae) in Russia. Evraziatskii Ento- mologicheskii Zhurnal 8: 125 - 133 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="2009">Krivosheina, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795304A62CFE2174CCFCF5F94F" author="Krivosheina, N. P. & M. G. Krivosheina" box="[385,768,1745,1769]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref39712" refString="Krivosheina, N. P. and M. G. Krivosheina. 2011. Key to terrestrial crane-fly larvae (Diptera, Limoniidae, Pediciidae) of Russia. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow: 1 - 294." type="book chapter" year="2011">Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Frons triangular, separated from internolateralia by frontal sutures. Coronal suture wide, dorsal sutures reaching one-third of head capsule length. Clypeus separated from frons, fused with labrum. Labrum consists of two membranous areas with sensory structures which are separated by elongated outgroove. Antenna cylindrical, three times as long as wide at base. Apical papilla button-shaped. Mandible large, heavily sclerotized, with two well developed apical teeth. Ventral and dorsal margins with several smaller teeth. Maxilla well developed, sclerotized at the base and setose at the apex, cardo large. Hypostoma with five teeth. Hypopharynx shaped as a hemispherical cushion with numerous short spines, laterally supported by H-shaped hypopharyngeal bar. Prementum reduced. Abdominal segments II- VII with ventral and dorsal creeping welts. Spiracular lobes reduced. Spiracular field surrounded by five sclerites: dorsal and two pairs of lateral. Spiracle oval. Anal field with two pairs of white fleshy anal papillae. Larvae are terrestrial, developing in decomposing fungi and decaying wood (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795304A62CFAA27095FA6AFD06" author="Lindner, E." box="[1282,1439,648,672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" pagination="209 - 319" refId="ref39804" refString="Lindner, E. 1959. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Larven der Limoniidae (Diptera). Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Okolo- gie der Tiere 48: 209 - 319." type="journal article" year="1959">Lindner, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795304A62CFCE770B5FBFEFD67" author="Krivosheina, N. P." box="[839,1035,680,705]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" pagination="125 - 133" refId="ref39677" refString="Krivosheina, N. P. 2009. Xylophilous complex of limoniid flies (Diptera, Limoniidae) in Russia. Evraziatskii Ento- mologicheskii Zhurnal 8: 125 - 133 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="2009">Krivosheina, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795304A62CFBB570B5FA7EFD67" author="Krivosheina, N. P. & M. G. Krivosheina" box="[1045,1419,680,705]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref39712" refString="Krivosheina, N. P. and M. G. Krivosheina. 2011. Key to terrestrial crane-fly larvae (Diptera, Limoniidae, Pediciidae) of Russia. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow: 1 - 294." type="book chapter" year="2011">Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3B3136885304A62CFCFE70D4FC6FFD46" blockId="7.[839,1445,261,1511]" box="[862,922,713,736]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">Pupa.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3B3136885304A62CFCFE70F4FC2AFBA5" blockId="7.[839,1445,261,1511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">
|
|
Body yellowish brown. Head: Cephalic crest consists of two pairs of short outgrooves. Mesonotal spines absent. Antenna short, reaching base of wing. Thorax: Pronotal horns elongated, with acute apices directed ventrally. Sheaths of legs reaching middle of fifth abdominal segment. Abdomen: Abdominal segments divided by fissures into short anterior and long posterior parts. Segments III- VII with dorsal and ventral transversal rows of spines (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795304A62CFCEE71F6FC27FBA5" author="Wood, H. G." box="[846,978,1003,1027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" pagination="1 - 327" refId="ref40968" refString="Wood, H. G. 1952. The crane-flies of the South-West Cape (Diptera, Tipuloidea). Annals of the South African Museum, 39, 1 - 327." type="journal article" year="1952">Wood, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3B3136885304A62CFCFE7611FAA8FA41" blockId="7.[839,1445,261,1511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">
|
|
A total of 190 species belong to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FC8E4D0B5304A62CFB7F7616FA51FB85" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1938" box="[1247,1444,1035,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Austrolimnophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFB7F7616FA51FB85" box="[1247,1444,1035,1059]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">Austrolimnophila</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
worldwide (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795304A62CFC697631FB6BFBE2" author="Oosterbroek, P." box="[969,1182,1068,1092]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" refId="ref40019" refString="Oosterbroek, P. 2020. Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (CCW) [Available from: https: // ccw. naturalis. nl / litresults. php]." type="url" year="2020">Oosterbroek, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). They are divided into five subgenera
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFC477651FC02FBC5" box="[999,1015,1100,1123]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">A</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FC8E4D0B5304A62CFBAB7651FB40FBC2" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1934" box="[1035,1205,1100,1124]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Archilimnophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFBAB7651FB40FBC2" box="[1035,1205,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">Archilimnophila</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
)
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795304A62CFB647651FA77FBC2" author="Alexander, C. P." box="[1220,1410,1100,1124]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" pagination="28 - 60" refId="ref38480" refString="Alexander, C. P. 1934 b. Superfamily Tipuloidea. In: Curran, C. H., The families and genera of North American Diptera: 28 - 60." type="book chapter" year="1934">Alexander, 1934b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFA2D7651FA68FBC5" box="[1421,1437,1100,1123]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">A</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FC8E4D0B5304A62CFCF07671FBF0FB22" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1938" box="[848,1029,1132,1156]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Austrolimnophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFCF07671FBF0FB22" box="[848,1029,1132,1156]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">Austrolimnophila</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
)
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795304A62CFBB27671FB38FB22" author="Alexander, C. P." box="[1042,1229,1132,1156]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref38176" refString="Alexander, C. P. 1920 a. The crane-flies collected by the Swed- ish expedition (1895 - 1896) to southern Chile and Tierra del Fuego (Tipulidae, Diptera). Arkiv for Zoologi 13 (6): 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1920">Alexander, 1920a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFB777671FB12FB25" box="[1239,1255,1132,1155]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">A</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FC8E4D0B5304A62CFB5A7671FA6EFB22" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1950" box="[1274,1435,1132,1156]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Limnophilaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFB5A7671FA6EFB22" box="[1274,1435,1132,1156]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">Limnophilaspis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
)
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795304A62CFCE77691FBF2FB02" author="Alexander, C. P." box="[839,1031,1164,1188]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" pagination="672 - 695" refId="ref38848" refString="Alexander, C. P. 1950 a. New or little-known Tipulidae (Diptera). LXXXVII. Oriental-Australasian species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (12) 3: 672 - 695." type="journal article" year="1950">Alexander, 1950a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFBB37690FBD6FB02" box="[1043,1059,1165,1188]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">A</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FC8E4D0B5304A62CFB997691FB29FB02" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1954" box="[1081,1244,1164,1188]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Mediophragma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFB997691FB29FB02" box="[1081,1244,1164,1188]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">Mediophragma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
)
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795304A62CFB4C7691FA6AFB02" author="Alexander, C. P." box="[1260,1439,1164,1188]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" pagination="31 - 46" refId="ref38957" refString="Alexander, C. P. 1954. Records and descriptions of Brazilian crane-flies (Diptera, Tipulidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 1: 31 - 46." type="journal article" year="1954">Alexander, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, and
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFCD876B0FC7DFB62" box="[888,904,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">A</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FC8E4D0B5304A62CFC3F76B0FBBFFB63" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1956" box="[927,1098,1197,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Phragmocrypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFC3F76B0FBBFFB63" box="[927,1098,1197,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">Phragmocrypta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
)
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795304A62CFBFB76B0FAE3FB63" author="Alexander, C. P." box="[1115,1302,1197,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" pagination="129 - 380" refId="ref39024" refString="Alexander, C. P. 1956. Tipulidae. Ruwenzori Expedition 1934 - 35, 1: 129 - 380." type="journal article" year="1956">Alexander, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. Nominative subgenus with 175 species has worldwide distribution,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FC8E4D0B5304A62CFCE776F0FC04FAA3" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1934" box="[839,1009,1261,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Archilimnophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFCE776F0FC04FAA3" box="[839,1009,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">Archilimnophila</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 6 species with only a Holarctic distribution,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FC8E4D0B5304A62CFCDD7710FBEBFA83" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1950" box="[893,1054,1293,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Limnophilaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFCDD7710FBEBFA83" box="[893,1054,1293,1317]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">Limnophilaspis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with only two species recorded from the Oriental Region,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FC8E4D0B5304A62CFB8B7733FB3BFAE0" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1954" box="[1067,1230,1326,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Mediophragma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFB8B7733FB3BFAE0" box="[1067,1230,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">Mediophragma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with only two species recorded from the Neotropics,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FC8E4D0B5304A62CFB667753FA99FAC0" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1956" box="[1222,1388,1358,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Phragmocrypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="09FAEA9A5304A62CFB667753FA99FAC0" box="[1222,1388,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="499">Phragmocrypta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with five species that only have a Afrotropic distribution (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795304A62CFAC87773FC28FA01" author="Oosterbroek, P." pageId="7" pageNumber="499" refId="ref40019" refString="Oosterbroek, P. 2020. Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (CCW) [Available from: https: // ccw. naturalis. nl / litresults. php]." type="url" year="2020">Oosterbroek, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). One fossil species is described from Low- er Cretaceous Burmese amber and one species is recorded from Dominican Miocene amber (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5F1F4B795304A62CFB0977D2FAA7FA41" author="Evenhuis, N. L." box="[1193,1362,1487,1511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="499" refId="ref39469" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. 2014. Family Limoniidae. In: Catalog of the fossil flies of the world (Insecta: Diptera) website [Available from: http: // hbs. bishopmuseum. org / fossilcat / fosslimoniidae. html Version 16 Feb 2014]." type="url" year="2014">Evenhuis, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |