332 lines
37 KiB
XML
332 lines
37 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D93C8D4CF0AA8001C32A3CB370BADFB6">3212</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7FC72E3711CBE9452A6A55A63DCF5AFD">Martin, Jon H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B0F9C7C20F0577F2B3266F8B6D469C53">Bedford, Ian D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A6406241791575FA2C5D002DE4D9BA2D">Malumphy, Christopher P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8A8A5F617DE1236F349FD2B75EAAE460">Carnero, Aurelio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="88BED7694136D59A98EA35B93D2B0680">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="09C7133B66F59C8631BCCABCC9D9D622">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8E48F304933E0DAA7968C0FE1B69A681">3212</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C3751ABFFFB6FFA462CB7ED10583FB0D" box="[151,464,1179,1204]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD04934FFB6FFA462CB7ED10583FB0D" blockId="29.[151,464,1179,1239]" box="[151,464,1179,1204]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<heading id="D098FE58FFB6FFA462CB7ED10583FB0D" bold="true" box="[151,464,1179,1204]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB6FFA462CB7ED10583FB0D" ID-CoL="585BV" authority="(Misra)" authorityName="Singh" authorityYear="1931" baseAuthorityName="Misra" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[151,464,1179,1204]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Trialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ricini">
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<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA462CB7ED10583FB0D" bold="true" box="[151,464,1179,1204]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA462CB7ED1053DFB0D" bold="true" box="[151,366,1179,1204]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Trialeurodes ricini</emphasis>
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||
(Misra)
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||
</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3751ABFFFB6FFA462CB7EF505CDFB6E" box="[151,414,1215,1239]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD04934FFB6FFA462CB7EF505CDFB6E" blockId="29.[151,464,1179,1239]" box="[151,414,1215,1239]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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(
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<figureCitation id="135455B1FFB6FFA462C27EF50510FB6E" box="[158,323,1215,1239]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–37" captionStartId="63.[151,263,1900,1923]" captionTargetBox="[184,1424,222,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-47@63.[151,1436,193,1879]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 34–37. line drawings of puparia. 34, Siphoninus finitimus Silvestri; 35, Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday); 36, Trialeurodes ricini (Misra), typical Ricinus-feeding form; 37, Trialeurodes ricini (Misra), from smooth-leaved host" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figures 36, 37</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="135455B1FFB6FFA463137EF5053EFB6E" box="[335,365,1215,1239]" captionStart="FIGURES 80–85" captionStartId="73.[151,264,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,193,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-46@73.[207,1379,193,1517]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURES 80–85. habitus photographs, puparia. 80, Aleurotulus nephrolepidis (Quaintance); 81, Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead); 82, Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana); 83, Trialeurodes ricini (Misra); 84, Siphoninus finitimus Silvestri; 85, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood)" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">83</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="135455B1FFB6FFA463257EF505C5FB6E" box="[377,406,1215,1239]" captionStart="FIGURES 94–95" captionStartId="75.[151,264,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,254,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-48@75.[226,1360,254,1841]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURES 94–95. Habitus photographs. 94, Aleyrodes proletella, colony of puparia and emergent adults, with two vacated pupal cases. 95, extremely large colony of Trialeurodes ricini on Ricinus communis, Gran Canaria." pageId="29" pageNumber="30">95</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3751ABFFFB6FFA462CB7F420740FAEE" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD04934FFB6FFA462CB7F4205B2FAA5" blockId="29.[151,902,1287,1426]" box="[151,481,1287,1309]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7F6E1AFFB6FFA462CB7F4205B2FAA5" box="[151,481,1287,1309]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACE6F25FFB6FFA462CB7F42058EFAA5" author="Misra, C. S." box="[151,477,1287,1309]" page="131" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1924">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB6FFA462CB7F42058EFAA5" authority="Misra, 1924: 131" authorityName="Misra" authorityPageNumber="131" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,477,1287,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ricini">
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<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA462CB7F420563FAA4" box="[151,304,1288,1309]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Aleyrodes ricini</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE34C5FFB6FFA4636A7F4D058EFAA5" author="Misra, C. S." box="[310,477,1287,1308]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="129 - 135" refId="ref35142" refString="Misra, C. S. (1924) The citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri, and its parasite, together with the life history of Aleurodes ricini, n. sp. Report of Proceedings of Entomological Meetings at Pusa, 1923, 129 - 135." type="journal article" year="1924">Misra, 1924: 131</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD04934FFB6FFA462CB7F6F066DFA83" blockId="29.[151,902,1287,1426]" box="[151,574,1317,1338]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7F6E1AFFB6FFA462CB7F6F066DFA83" box="[151,574,1317,1338]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACE6F25FFB6FFA462CB7F6F0669FA83" author="Singh, K." box="[151,570,1317,1338]" page="46" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1931">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB6FFA462CB7F6F0669FA83" ID-CoL="585BV" authority="(Misra) Singh, 1931: 46" authorityName="Singh" authorityPageNumber="46" authorityYear="1931" baseAuthorityName="Misra" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[151,570,1317,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Trialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ricini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA462CB7F6F0519FA83" box="[151,330,1317,1338]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Trialeurodes ricini</emphasis>
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||
(Misra)
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE34C5FFB6FFA463C27F6F0669FA83" author="Singh, K." box="[414,570,1317,1338]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref36805" refString="Singh, K. (1931) A contribution towards our knowledge of the Aleyrodidae (Whiteflies) of India. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India (Entomological Series), 12, 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1931">Singh, 1931: 46</bibRefCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD04934FFB6FFA462CB7F080740FAEE" blockId="29.[151,902,1287,1426]" box="[151,787,1346,1367]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA462CB7F080491FAEE" box="[151,194,1346,1367]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">rara</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE34C5FFB6FFA4629B7F080533FAEE" author="Singh, K." box="[199,352,1346,1367]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref36805" refString="Singh, K. (1931) A contribution towards our knowledge of the Aleyrodidae (Whiteflies) of India. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India (Entomological Series), 12, 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1931">Singh, 1931: 47</bibRefCitation>
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||
[Synonymised by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE34C5FFB6FFA460487F080759FAEE" author="Bink-Moenen, R. M." box="[532,778,1346,1367]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 211" refId="ref30564" refString="Bink-Moenen, R. M. (1983) Revision of the African whiteflies (Aleyrodidae), mainly based on a collection from Tchad. Monografieen van de Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. Amsterdam, 10, 1 - 211, 1 table, 352 figures." type="book chapter" year="1983">Bink-Moenen, 1983: 185</bibRefCitation>
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||
.]
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3751ABFFFB6FFA462CB7F2A073EFA2B" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD04934FFB6FFA462CB7F2A07D5FACD" blockId="29.[151,902,1287,1426]" box="[151,902,1375,1397]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA462CB7F2A04BDFACC" box="[151,238,1376,1397]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">desmodii</emphasis>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE34C5FFB6FFA462AF7F1505E1FACD" author="Corbett, G. H." box="[243,434,1375,1396]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="240 - 252" refId="ref31347" refString="Corbett, G. H. (1935 a) On new Aleurodidae (Hem.) Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 16, 240 - 252." type="journal article" year="1935">Corbett, 1935a: 243</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[Synonymised by
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE34C5FFB6FFA4603B7F15072EFACD" author="Mound, L. A. & Halsey, S. H." box="[615,893,1375,1396]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref35419" refString="Mound, L. A. & Halsey, S. H. (1978) Whitefly of the world. A systematic catalogue of the Aleyrodidae (Homoptera) with host plant and natural enemy data. British Museum (Natural History) and John Wiley and Sons, Chichester. 340 pp." type="book" year="1978">Mound & Halsey, 1978: 217</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD04934FFB6FFA462CB7F37073EFA2B" blockId="29.[151,902,1287,1426]" box="[151,877,1405,1426]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA462CB7F37049BFA2B" box="[151,200,1405,1426]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">lubia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE34C5FFB6FFA462927F3705BCFA2B" author="El Khidir, E. & Khalifa, A." box="[206,495,1405,1426]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="47 - 51" refId="ref32080" refString="El Khidir, E. & Khalifa, A. (1962) A new aleyrodid from the Sudan. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B), 31, 47 - 51." type="journal article" year="1962">El Khidir & Khalifa, 1962: 47</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[Synonymised by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE34C5FFB6FFA460FF7F370737FA2B" author="Mound, L. A." box="[675,868,1405,1426]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="113 - 160" refId="ref35303" refString="Mound, L. A. (1965 a) An introduction to the Aleyrodidae of Western Africa (Homoptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 17, 113 - 160." type="journal article" year="1965">Mound, 1965a: 157</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3751ABFFFB6FFA462CB7FFD0585F9E6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD04934FFB6FFA462CB7FFD0585F9E6" blockId="29.[151,1436,1463,1631]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA462CB7FFD066CFA69" bold="true" box="[151,575,1463,1488]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Distribution in the Canary Islands:</emphasis>
|
||
GRAN CANARIA: Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Marzagán. TEN- ERIFE: Punta del Hidalgo, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Taganana. LA GOMERA: Playa Santiago, Valle Gran Rey.
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||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA462CB7C4A0548F9A1" bold="true" box="[151,283,1536,1560]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Elsewhere:</emphasis>
|
||
Palaeartic Region:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37809A4FFB6FFA463A27C4A0617F9A1" box="[510,580,1536,1560]" name="Egypt" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37809A4FFB6FFA4600E7C4A06D1F9AE" box="[594,642,1536,1559]" name="Iran" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37809A4FFB6FFA460CC7C4A0693F9AE" box="[656,704,1536,1559]" name="Iraq" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F37809A4FFB6FFA460927FB5073BF9AE" box="[718,872,1535,1559]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Ethiopian Region:
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||
<collectingCountry id="F37809A4FFB6FFA466127C4A008BF9AE" box="[1102,1240,1535,1560]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37809A4FFB6FFA466B97C4A0162F9A1" box="[1253,1329,1536,1560]" name="Kenya" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37809A4FFB6FFA467637FB501C4F9AE" box="[1343,1431,1535,1559]" name="Malawi" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37809A4FFB6FFA462CB7C6E04BDF985" box="[151,238,1572,1596]" name="Nigeria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37809A4FFB6FFA462A07C6E05C1F982" box="[252,402,1572,1596]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37809A4FFB6FFA463FC7C6E05BAF985" box="[416,489,1572,1596]" name="Sudan" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37809A4FFB6FFA463AB7C6E0601F985" box="[503,594,1572,1596]" name="Uganda" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Oriental Region:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37809A4FFB6FFA461757C6E07E1F985" box="[809,946,1572,1596]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37809A4FFB6FFA4619D7C6E07AEF985" box="[961,1021,1572,1596]" name="India" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37809A4FFB6FFA466577C6E003EF985" box="[1035,1133,1572,1596]" name="Pakistan" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37809A4FFB6FFA466277C6E00B1F985" box="[1147,1250,1572,1596]" name="Thailand" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Austro-oriental Region:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37809A4FFB6FFA462AA7C0D0516F9E6" box="[246,325,1607,1631]" name="Brunei" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Brunei</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37809A4FFB6FFA4630D7C0D0580F9E6" box="[337,467,1607,1631]" name="Philippines" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3751ABFFFB6FFA462CB7CDA063EF956" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD04934FFB6FFA462CB7CDA063EF956" blockId="29.[151,1436,1679,1775]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA462CB7CDA0667F911" bold="true" box="[151,564,1679,1704]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Host plants in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AB87D6FFB6FFA463287CC50663F911" box="[372,560,1679,1704]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB6FFA460607CDA0685F91E" box="[572,726,1680,1704]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Milioliporidae" genus="Cucurbita" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA460607CDA06FDF911" box="[572,686,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cucurbita</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB6FFA460B87CDA07E2F91E" baseAuthorityName="Bink-Moenen" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[740,945,1680,1703]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Ricinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA460B87CDA07E2F91E" box="[740,945,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ricinus communis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA4619C7CC500B0F911" bold="true" box="[960,1251,1679,1704]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Other host plants listed:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB6FFA466B77CDA0492F975" class="Tubothalamea" family="Milioliporidae" genus="Cucurbita" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="maxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA466B77CDA0492F975" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cucurbita maxima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB6FFA4628C7CFE05EBF975" box="[208,440,1716,1740]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA4628C7CFE05EBF975" box="[208,440,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Gossypium hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB6FFA463947CFE06E0F975" box="[456,691,1716,1740]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cannabinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA463947CFE06E0F975" box="[456,691,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hibiscus cannabinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Eight plant families were listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE34C5FFB6FFA4660F7CFE0138F975" author="Mound, L. A. & Halsey, S. H." box="[1107,1387,1716,1740]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref35419" refString="Mound, L. A. & Halsey, S. H. (1978) Whitefly of the world. A systematic catalogue of the Aleyrodidae (Homoptera) with host plant and natural enemy data. British Museum (Natural History) and John Wiley and Sons, Chichester. 340 pp." type="book" year="1978">Mound & Halsey (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and another fourteen by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE34C5FFB6FFA463257C9D0639F956" author="Bink-Moenen, R. M." box="[377,618,1751,1775]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 211" refId="ref30564" refString="Bink-Moenen, R. M. (1983) Revision of the African whiteflies (Aleyrodidae), mainly based on a collection from Tchad. Monografieen van de Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. Amsterdam, 10, 1 - 211, 1 table, 352 figures." type="book chapter" year="1983">Bink-Moenen (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3751ABFFFB6FFA762CB7D55057EFE4D" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD04934FFB6FFA462CB7D550626F81D" blockId="29.[151,1436,1823,2028]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA462CB7D550572F881" bold="true" box="[151,289,1823,1848]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Comments:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB6FFA463777D6A05ACF88E" authorityName="Singh" authorityYear="1931" baseAuthorityName="Misra" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[299,511,1824,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Trialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ricini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA463777D6A05ACF88E" box="[299,511,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Trialeurodes ricini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a polyphagous species but it is most commonly associated with the castor oil plant,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB6FFA462817D0F06FAF8E5" authority="(Bink-Moenen, 1983)" baseAuthorityName="Bink-Moenen" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[221,681,1860,1884]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Ricinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA462817D0F05F8F8E5" box="[221,427,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ricinus communis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE34C5FFB6FFA463E67D0E06F2F8E5" author="Bink-Moenen, R. M." box="[442,673,1860,1884]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 211" refId="ref30564" refString="Bink-Moenen, R. M. (1983) Revision of the African whiteflies (Aleyrodidae), mainly based on a collection from Tchad. Monografieen van de Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. Amsterdam, 10, 1 - 211, 1 table, 352 figures." type="book chapter" year="1983">Bink-Moenen, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on which host it may occur in extremely dense colonies (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135455B1FFB6FFA467667D0E01DCF8E5" box="[1338,1423,1860,1884]" captionStart="FIGURES 94–95" captionStartId="75.[151,264,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,254,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-48@75.[226,1360,254,1841]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURES 94–95. Habitus photographs. 94, Aleyrodes proletella, colony of puparia and emergent adults, with two vacated pupal cases. 95, extremely large colony of Trialeurodes ricini on Ricinus communis, Gran Canaria." pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 95</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB6FFA462CB7D22053BF8C6" authorityName="Singh" authorityYear="1931" baseAuthorityName="Misra" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[151,360,1896,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Trialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ricini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA462CB7D22053BF8C6" box="[151,360,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Trialeurodes ricini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also occurs frequently on
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA460D27D22075AF839" box="[654,777,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Curcurbita</emphasis>
|
||
in Margazan (Gran Canaria), near heavily infested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB6FFA467147D2201CFF8C6" box="[1352,1436,1896,1919]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Ricinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA467147D2201CFF8C6" box="[1352,1436,1896,1919]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ricinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants (Malumphy, personal observations).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD04934FFB6FFA7629B7DFA071FFEA5" blockId="29.[151,1436,1823,2028]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1436,151,500]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB6FFA4629B7DFA05CAF871" authorityName="Singh" authorityYear="1931" baseAuthorityName="Misra" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[199,409,1968,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Trialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ricini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA4629B7DFA05CAF871" box="[199,409,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Trialeurodes ricini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB6FFA460957DFB07D1F871" authorityName="Quaintance & Baker" authorityYear="1915" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[713,898,1969,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Trialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaporariorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA460957DFB07D1F871" box="[713,898,1969,1992]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">T. vaporariorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also present in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AB87D6FFB6FFA4663F7DFA015EF871" box="[1123,1293,1968,1992]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
, by the large basal spines on the middle and hind legs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135455B1FFB6FFA460307D9E06ECF855" box="[620,703,2004,2028]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–37" captionStartId="63.[151,263,1900,1923]" captionTargetBox="[184,1424,222,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-47@63.[151,1436,193,1879]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 34–37. line drawings of puparia. 34, Siphoninus finitimus Silvestri; 35, Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday); 36, Trialeurodes ricini (Misra), typical Ricinus-feeding form; 37, Trialeurodes ricini (Misra), from smooth-leaved host" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
), which are not present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB6FFA461B57D9F00F1F855" authorityName="Quaintance & Baker" authorityYear="1915" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1001,1186,2005,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Trialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaporariorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB6FFA461B57D9F00F1F855" box="[1001,1186,2005,2028]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">T. vaporariorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135455B1FFB6FFA466ED7D9E0156F855" box="[1201,1285,2004,2028]" captionStart="FIGURES 38" captionStartId="64.[151,264,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[269,1331,224,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-36@64.[233,1367,201,1910]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURES 38. line drawings of puparia, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), original plate and captions after Russell (1948), showing variation" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the field,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB5FFA762CB7AD304A1FF16" authorityName="Singh" authorityYear="1931" baseAuthorityName="Misra" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[151,242,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Trialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ricini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB5FFA762CB7AD304A1FF16" box="[151,242,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">T. ricini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by the presence of long and flat translucent wax-filaments forming a broad fringe around the margin of the puparium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135455B1FFB5FFA760737AF606D0FF6D" box="[559,643,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 80–85" captionStartId="73.[151,264,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,193,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-46@73.[207,1379,193,1517]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURES 80–85. habitus photographs, puparia. 80, Aleurotulus nephrolepidis (Quaintance); 81, Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead); 82, Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana); 83, Trialeurodes ricini (Misra); 84, Siphoninus finitimus Silvestri; 85, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood)" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 83</figureCitation>
|
||
). Occasionally, most or all of these filaments may be almost vertically directed. Also, nymphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB5FFA763E37AAB064BFF4E" authorityName="Singh" authorityYear="1931" baseAuthorityName="Misra" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[447,536,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Trialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ricini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB5FFA763E37AAB064BFF4E" box="[447,536,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">T. ricini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are gregarious and usually yellowish in colour (in contrast to the more sparselydistributed and creamy-coloured puparia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB5FFA760DF7B4F0768FEA5" authorityName="Quaintance & Baker" authorityYear="1915" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[643,827,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Trialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaporariorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB5FFA760DF7B4F0768FEA5" box="[643,827,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">T. vaporariorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD04934FFB5FFA7629B7B6D057EFE4D" blockId="30.[151,1436,151,500]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
The taxonomic separation of this species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB5FFA760B87B6307F3FE86" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" box="[740,928,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Trialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lauri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB5FFA760B87B630764FEF9" box="[740,823,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">T. lauri</emphasis>
|
||
Signoret
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE34C5FFB5FFA766247B6D010DFE86" author="Martin, J. H. & Mifsud, D. & Rapisarda, C." box="[1144,1374,295,320]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="407 - 448" refId="ref34829" refString="Martin, J. H., Mifsud, D. & Rapisarda, C. (2000) The whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) of Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. Bulletin of Entomological Research 90, 407 - 448." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Martin
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB5FFA766917B630152FEF9" box="[1229,1281,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB5FFA7631D7B0705C7FEDD" box="[321,404,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Trialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lauri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB5FFA7631D7B0705C7FEDD" box="[321,404,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">T. lauri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be a variant form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB5FFA7608F7B07077FFEDD" authorityName="Singh" authorityYear="1931" baseAuthorityName="Misra" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[723,812,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Trialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ricini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB5FFA7608F7B07077FFEDD" box="[723,812,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">T. ricini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Recently, both morphological and molecular data has supported their retention as two distinct species that can be separated by the absence (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB5FFA766027B3A00C7FE31" box="[1118,1172,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Trialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lauri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB5FFA766027B3A00C7FE31" box="[1118,1172,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">lauri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or presence (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB5FFA7676B7B3A0127FE3E" authorityName="Singh" authorityYear="1931" baseAuthorityName="Misra" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1335,1396,368,391]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Trialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ricini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB5FFA7676B7B3A0127FE3E" box="[1335,1396,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">ricini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) of a pair of cephalic setae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE34C5FFB5FFA763957BDE068EFE15" author="Malumphy, C. & Suarez, M. B. & Glover, R. & Boonham, N. & Collins, D. W." box="[457,733,404,428]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="295 - 301" refId="ref34212" refString="Malumphy, C., Suarez, M. B., Glover, R., Boonham, N. & Collins, D. W. (2007) Morphological and molecular evidence supporting the validity of Trialeurodes lauri and T. ricini (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae). European Journal of Entomology, 104, 295 - 301." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Malumphy
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB5FFA7600F7BDF06D8FE15" box="[595,651,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37809A4FFB5FFA761477BDE0733FE15" box="[795,864,404,428]" name="Egypt" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F32B7FFB5FFA7612F7BDF0787FE15" authorityName="Singh" authorityYear="1931" baseAuthorityName="Misra" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[883,980,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Trialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ricini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB5FFA7612F7BDF0787FE15" box="[883,980,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">T. ricini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported as a vector of the begomovirus
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB5FFA7636D7BF3062DFE76" box="[305,638,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Tomato yellow leaf curl virus</emphasis>
|
||
(TYLCV) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE34C5FFB5FFA761597BFD0799FE76" author="Idriss, M. & Abdallah N. & Madkour, M." box="[773,970,439,464]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref33669" refString="Idriss, M., Abdallah N. & Madkour, M. (1998) Does the castor bean whitefly (CBW) Trialeurodes ricini (Misra) transmit geminiviral diseases?. International Workshop on Bemisia and Geminiviruses. San Juan, Puerto Rico, June 7 - 12, 1998. 14 pp." type="book" year="1998">
|
||
Idriss
|
||
<emphasis id="B91B9526FFB5FFA761117BF307D3FE69" box="[845,896,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but these results were not supported by other studies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |