385 lines
52 KiB
XML
385 lines
52 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F040B46C45A5B68CBFE9B4C62A45BC07">A systematic revision of the Shovel-nosed Salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus marmoratus), with re-description of the related D. aureatus and D. intermedius</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A89426AEE8367E3AC1BC57EC4C94C257">Pyron, R. Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D9B67B152B1D567CE8A0070E3751143B">Beamer, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1453B8DDC9AD33C8B2B280ECE17CB0C9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6C6ADFB0DCDB5C9B54B4870C483F9100">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="C8746C4AFFE70A17FF1BF979FECBFE64" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864747" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209569753" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864747" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C8746C4AFFE70A17FF1BF979FECBFE64" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C8746C4AFFE70A17FF1BF979FECBFE64" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="8" pageNumber="270">
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<subSubSection id="08C78ED7FFE70A14FF1BF979FD22F936" box="[151,670,1765,1792]" pageId="8" pageNumber="270" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE70A14FF1BF979FD22F936" blockId="8.[151,670,1765,1792]" box="[151,670,1765,1792]" pageId="8" pageNumber="270">
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<heading id="1B2A6A30FFE70A14FF1BF979FD22F936" bold="true" box="[151,670,1765,1792]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="270" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE70A14FF1BF979FD22F936" ID-CoL="353MN" ID-ENA="52102" authority="(Moore, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[151,670,1765,1792]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
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<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE70A14FF1BF979FD22F936" bold="true" box="[151,670,1765,1792]" pageId="8" pageNumber="270">
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<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE70A14FF1BF979FE5BF936" bold="true" box="[151,487,1765,1792]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="270">Desmognathus marmoratus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE70A14FE7BF979FD2AF936" author="Moore, J. P." box="[503,662,1765,1791]" pageId="8" pageNumber="270" pagination="316 - 323" refId="ref11492" refString="Moore, J. P. (1899) Leurognathus marmorata, a new genus and species of salamander of the family Desmognathidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 51, 316 - 323." type="journal article" year="1899">Moore, 1899</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08C78ED7FFE70A15FF1BF8B5FC15FE3C" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="271" pageId="8" pageNumber="270" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE70A14FF1BF8B5FD99F88B" blockId="8.[151,549,1833,1858]" box="[151,549,1833,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="270">
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<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE70A14FF1BF8B5FD99F88B" ID-CoL="6PVCX" authority="Moore, 1899" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,549,1833,1858]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmorata">
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<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE70A14FF1BF8B5FE27F888" box="[151,411,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="270">Leurognathus marmorata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE70A14FE2EF8B6FD99F88B" author="Moore, J. P." box="[418,549,1834,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="270" pagination="316 - 323" refId="ref11492" refString="Moore, J. P. (1899) Leurognathus marmorata, a new genus and species of salamander of the family Desmognathidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 51, 316 - 323." type="journal article" year="1899">Moore, 1899</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE70A15FF1BF8F3FC15FE3C" blockId="8.[151,1436,1903,2039]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,2041]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="271" pageId="8" pageNumber="270">
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<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE70A14FF1BF8F3FE56F840" bold="true" box="[151,490,1903,1930]" pageId="8" pageNumber="270">
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<typeStatus id="9F6663FEFFE70A14FF1BF8F3FEBEF840" box="[151,258,1903,1929]" pageId="8" pageNumber="270" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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and Type Locality:
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</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE70A14FE7DF8ECFD2EF843" author="Moore, J. P." box="[497,658,1904,1930]" pageId="8" pageNumber="270" pagination="316 - 323" refId="ref11492" refString="Moore, J. P. (1899) Leurognathus marmorata, a new genus and species of salamander of the family Desmognathidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 51, 316 - 323." type="journal article" year="1899">Moore (1899)</bibRefCitation>
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’s description was explicitly based on both a male and female
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<typeStatus id="9F6663FEFFE70A14FAC9F8ECFA20F843" box="[1349,1436,1904,1930]" pageId="8" pageNumber="270" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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along with an additional female specimen which was skeletonized for illustration. These were taken from “a large clear rocky pool beneath a waterfall of a stream on the south flank of Grandfather Mt., N. C., and at an elevation of about
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<quantity id="872570B9FFE70A14FF50F840FEEDF83F" box="[220,337,2012,2039]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0668" pageId="8" pageNumber="270" unit="ft" value="3500.0">3,500 feet</quantity>
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.” A site matching this description is found at Green Mountain Creek Falls (
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<geoCoordinate id="25E9BB9BFFE70A14FB03F840FAB6F83F" box="[1167,1290,2012,2038]" degrees="36.114308" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="270" precision="1" value="36.114307">36.114308</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="25E9BB9BFFE70A14FA98F840FA24F83F" box="[1300,1432,2012,2038]" degrees="81.778430" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="270" precision="1" value="-81.77843">-81.778430</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<quantity id="872570B9FFE60A15FF1BFF0BFF5AFF78" box="[151,230,151,177]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.182" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" unit="m" value="1182.0">1182m</quantity>
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) on
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<collectingCountry id="38CA9DCCFFE60A15FE91FF0BFEF3FF78" box="[285,335,151,177]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">U.S.</collectingCountry>
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Hwy 221 near Blowing Rock (NC: Watauga), which we suggest is the type locality. The male
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<typeStatus id="9F6663FEFFE60A15FF1BFF27FF52FF1C" box="[151,238,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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was deposited by Moore in 1916 at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia as ANSP 19610. The
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<specimenCount id="56DB16D5FFE60A15FF1BFF43FE9CFF30" box="[151,288,223,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
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(the alcoholic
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<typeStatus id="9F6663FEFFE60A15FE44FF43FDA3FF30" box="[456,543,223,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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and the skeleton) were said by
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||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FC0FFF43FBAFFF30" author="Dunn, E. R." box="[899,1043,223,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" pagination="393 - 433" refId="ref10350" refString="Dunn, E. R. (1917) The salamanders of the genera Desmognathus and Leurognathus. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 53, 393 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.53 - 2211.393" type="journal article" year="1917">Dunn (1917)</bibRefCitation>
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to have been examined by himself at the University of
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<collectingRegion id="821913BEFFE60A15FEFAFE9FFDB2FED4" box="[374,526,259,285]" country="United States of America" name="Pennsylvania" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">Pennsylvania</collectingRegion>
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, presumably still in the collection of Moore, who was still a professor there at the time.
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<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FF54FEBBFE4CFE88" author="Fowler, H. W. & Dunn, E. R." box="[216,496,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" pagination="7 - 28" refId="ref10434" refString="Fowler, H. W. & Dunn, E. R. (1917) Notes on salamanders. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 69, 7 - 28." type="journal article" year="1917">Fowler and Dunn (1917)</bibRefCitation>
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listed ANSP 19610 as a
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<typeStatus id="9F6663FEFFE60A15FC86FEBBFCD1FE88" box="[778,877,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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, while
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<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FC33FEBBFBD1FE88" author="Malnate, E. V." box="[959,1133,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" pagination="345 - 375" refId="ref11247" refString="Malnate, E. V. (1971) A catalog of primary types in the herpetological collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 123, 345 - 375." type="journal article" year="1971">Malnate (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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listed it as the
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<typeStatus id="9F6663FEFFE60A15FA96FEBBFA3CFE88" box="[1306,1408,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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. It is neither, but rather a
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<typeStatus id="9F6663FEFFE60A15FE1CFED7FE5BFEAC" box="[400,487,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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as per the original publication. We here designate it as the
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<typeStatus id="9F6663FEFFE60A15FBFAFED7FB61FEAC" box="[1142,1245,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE60A15FA8EFED7FE13FE40" ID-CoL="6PVCX" authority="Moore, 1899" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1899" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmorata">
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<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE60A15FA8EFED7FEA9FE41" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">Leurognathus marmorata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FE91FEF3FE13FE40" author="Moore, J. P." box="[285,431,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" pagination="316 - 323" refId="ref11492" refString="Moore, J. P. (1899) Leurognathus marmorata, a new genus and species of salamander of the family Desmognathidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 51, 316 - 323." type="journal article" year="1899">Moore, 1899</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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to remove any ambiguity. This renders the second, female
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<typeStatus id="9F6663FEFFE60A15FBDDFEF3FB14FE40" box="[1105,1192,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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a
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<typeStatus id="9F6663FEFFE60A15FB49FEF3FADCFE40" box="[1221,1376,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
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||
. This specimen is of unknown disposition; it was originally in the P.J. Moore collection at the University of
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<collectingRegion id="821913BEFFE60A15FA8CFE0FFA24FE64" box="[1280,1432,403,429]" country="United States of America" name="Pennsylvania" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">Pennsylvania</collectingRegion>
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, but inquiries to the university and the ANSP yielded no information. The female skeleton is also not known to exist but is not part of the type series and carries no name-bearing function.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="08C78ED7FFE60A15FF4BFE62FEC6FA28" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE60A15FF4BFE62FC34FBFD" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">
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<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE60A15FF4BFE62FEE7FDD1" bold="true" box="[199,347,510,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">Description:</emphasis>
|
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After
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<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FE24FE63FDFBFDD0" author="Moore, J. P." box="[424,583,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" pagination="316 - 323" refId="ref11492" refString="Moore, J. P. (1899) Leurognathus marmorata, a new genus and species of salamander of the family Desmognathidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 51, 316 - 323." type="journal article" year="1899">Moore (1899)</bibRefCitation>
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||
and
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<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FD0EFE63FC9AFDD0" author="Martof, B. S." box="[642,806,510,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref11293" refString="Martof, B. S. (1956) Three new subspecies of Leurognathus marmorata from the southern Appalachian Mountains. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 575, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1956">Martof (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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, a large (SVL = ~
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<quantity id="872570B9FFE60A15FC74FE63FBD3FDD0" box="[1016,1135,510,537]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="52.5" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="30.0">30–75mm</quantity>
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), highly aquatic, fin-tailed salamander with slit-like internal nares; an indistinct dorsal color pattern consisting of a dark-brown background color and numerous mottled markings lacking light-colored centers; darker or grey venter; adult males lacking vomerine teeth, females with very few; large, prominent eyes; and snout usually not darker than the remainder of body (
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<figureCitation id="D8E6C1D9FFE60A15FF13FD13FF59FD60" box="[159,229,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1011,1035]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,987]" captionTargetId="figure-19@10.[189,1398,181,987]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. An adult Desmognathus marmoratus from Laurel Creek (VA: Smyth). Note the indistinctiveness of the dorsal color pattern. Photo courtesy of T.W. Pierson (KSU)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7850651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7850651/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D8E6C1D9FFE60A15FF7EFD13FEBEFD60" box="[242,258,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,1095,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-49@10.[190,1397,1095,1899]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. An adult Desmognathus marmoratus from Hickory Creek (NC: Henderson), from the isolated population (marmoratus G) in Hickory Nut Gorge. This phylogeographic sublineage of D. marmoratus contains significant genomic ancestry from D. intermedius and potentially other Pisgah-clade species (Pyron et al. 2022c). Photo courtesy of M.A. Seldes (UGA)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7850657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7850657/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Can putatively be differentiated from the other two described shovel-nosed species based on the original characters given in the other accounts below, though these have not been re-assessed based on modern understandings of species limits and are of unknown diagnostic utility. Based on our size-corrected linear morphometric analyses, this species can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE60A15FD39FD67FC78FCDD" baseAuthorityName="Martof" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[693,964,763,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE60A15FD39FD67FC78FCDD" box="[693,964,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">Desmognathus aureatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE60A15FC76FD67FB1CFCDC" baseAuthorityName="Pope" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1018,1184,763,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE60A15FC76FD67FB1CFCDC" box="[1018,1184,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">D. intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a shorter head (SG in original measurements =
|
||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE60A15FE41FC83FDE0FCF0" box="[461,604,799,825]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.035" metricValueMax="1.64" metricValueMin="0.43" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="10.35" valueMax="16.4" valueMin="4.3">4.3–16.4mm</quantity>
|
||
) and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE60A15FD59FC83FCC6FCF0" baseAuthorityName="Pope" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[725,890,799,825]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE60A15FD59FC83FCC6FCF0" box="[725,890,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">D. intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a shorter trunk (AG in original measurements =
|
||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE60A15FF21FCDFFEFCFC94" box="[173,320,835,861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="4.17" metricValueMin="0.93" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="25.5" valueMax="41.7" valueMin="9.3">9.3–41.7mm</quantity>
|
||
). Of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="56DB16D5FFE60A15FE12FCDFFD8AFC94" box="[414,566,835,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
observed in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="821913BEFFE60A15FD4FFCDFFCE2FC94" box="[707,862,835,861]" country="United States of America" name="West Virginia" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">West Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 8 were adults and the largest (a gravid female) was only ~
|
||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE60A15FF53FCFBFE94FC48" box="[223,296,871,897]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="60.0">60mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, suggesting that this population may represent a dwarf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE60A15FC52FCFBFBF3FC48" box="[990,1103,871,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="since">race since</taxonomicName>
|
||
the median SVL of 45 metamorphosed individuals sampled from southern populations is ~
|
||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE60A15FCEDFC17FC11FC6C" box="[865,941,907,933]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="62.0">62mm</quantity>
|
||
. Ironically, little is known about the natural history of this species despite it being the earliest-described species as most studies have focused on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE60A15FA9BFC33FA20FC01" baseAuthorityName="Martof" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[1303,1436,943,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE60A15FA9BFC33FA20FC01" box="[1303,1436,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">D. aureatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE60A15FF49FC4FFECEFC25" box="[197,370,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE60A15FF49FC4FFED3FC25" baseAuthorityName="Pope" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[197,367,978,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">D. intermedius</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FEF4FC4FFDBCFC25" author="Pope, C. H." box="[376,512,978,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref11588" refString="Pope, C. H. (1924) Notes on North Carolina salamanders with especial reference to the egg-laying habits of Leurognathus and Desmognathus. American Museum Novitates, 153, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1924">Pope (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found a clutch of
|
||
<specimenCount id="56DB16D5FFE60A15FD4BFC4EFCA0FC24" box="[711,796,978,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" type="egg">28 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="3463FB9CFFE60A15FCC8FC4EFC54FC25" box="[836,1000,978,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" value="1924-08-06">6 August 1924</date>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FBACFC4EFB7CFC25" author="Bishop, S. C." box="[1056,1216,978,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" pagination="87 - 102" refId="ref9695" refString="Bishop, S. C. (1924) Notes on salamanders. New York State Museum Bulletin, 253, 87 - 102." type="journal article" year="1924">Bishop (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
sampled females in October with 26–34 ovarian eggs. Previous reports suggest that larvae typically metamorphose between
|
||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE60A15FAA7FC6AFA20FBD9" box="[1323,1436,1014,1040]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="29.5" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="26.0">26–33mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL (see Camp and Tilley
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE60A15FE44FB87FE62FBFD" box="[456,478,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">in</emphasis>
|
||
Lannoo 2005 and references therein).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE60A15FF4BFBA2FAB6FABC" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE60A15FF4BFBA2FEA1FB91" bold="true" box="[199,285,1086,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">Range:</emphasis>
|
||
In high-gradient mountain streams of the Appalachians, on the Blue Ridge northeast of the Pigeon River to southwestern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="821913BEFFE60A15FE17FBFDFE46FBB2" box="[411,506,1121,1147]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Populations are known from the South Fork Holston, Watauga, and Nolichucky (Upper
|
||
<collectingRegion id="821913BEFFE60A15FF62FB19FEDFFB56" box="[238,355,1157,1183]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and Upper Broad and Upper Catawba (Santee) River drainages. Also known from a handful of riffle zones along a
|
||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE60A15FEFBFB35FE79FB0A" box="[375,453,1193,1219]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" unit="km" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3km</quantity>
|
||
stretch of Glade Creek near Beckley, Raleigh County,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="821913BEFFE60A15FBA3FB35FB74FB0A" box="[1071,1224,1193,1219]" country="United States of America" name="West Virginia" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">West Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
in the Lower New (Kanawha) River drainage. We are confident that this species is absent from several other similar creeks in the New River Gorge in which we exerted similar sampling effort (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D8E6C1D9FFE60A15FCACFB6CFCD9FAC3" box="[800,869,1264,1290]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1754,1778]" captionTargetBox="[168,1409,209,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[159,1429,181,1730]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map of the Lower New River drainage (HUC8:05050004) in West Virginia (WV) showing surveyed localities from our recent fieldwork (2020–2022), highlighting sites containing Desmognathus kanawha, D. marmoratus, no aquatic Desmognathus, and likely candidates for future surveys. Each area was searched for at least 1 person/hour, netting the effluent of disturbed riffle zones adequate to detect Shovel-nosed Salamanders.The New (Kanawha) River is indicated in dark blue, with tributaries in gray. In addition to Piney Creek which we consider a likely site (?), numerous additional creeks and streams in the region remain to be evaluated. Watershed data are projected at 1:24,000 from the National Hydrography Dataset (https://www. usgs.gov/national-hydrography/national-hydrography-dataset), accessed 7 November 2022. Literature record (lit.) from Wooten and Rissler (2011)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7850645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7850645/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, other nearby streams with apparently similar geological and hydrological characteristics may harbor populations of this species. This population is widely (~120 airline km) disjunct from the nearest known populations in the Upper
|
||
<collectingRegion id="821913BEFFE60A15FB89FAA4FBC4FA9B" box="[1029,1144,1336,1362]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
drainage in southwestern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="821913BEFFE60A15FF1BFAC7FF4EFABC" box="[151,242,1371,1397]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Smyth and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="821913BEFFE60A15FE0EFAC7FDBBFABC" box="[386,519,1371,1397]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
Counties). Elevational range ~
|
||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE60A15FCEEFAC7FC55FABF" box="[866,1001,1371,1398]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.45" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" unit="m" value="1025.0" valueMax="1600.0" valueMin="450.0">450–1600m</quantity>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation id="D8E6C1D9FFE60A15FBA8FAC7FBDAFABF" box="[1060,1126,1371,1398]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[177,1422,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[165,1422,181,1785]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of genetic, specimen-vouchered, and literature localities for the three species of Shovel-nosed Salamanders, from our collections (RAP and DAB) and Martof (1956), Jackson (2005), Kozak et al. (2005), Wooten and Rissler (2011), Beamer and Lamb (2020), and Pyron et al. (2022c). Type localities are indicated with inverted triangles, and the site indicated in grey is a dubious locality reported by Wooten and Rissler (2011). Our extensive fieldwork at this and numerous other sites in the headwaters of the New (Kanawha) River yielded no specimens. State abbreviations are GA—Georgia, SC—South Carolina, NC—North Carolina, TN—Tennessee, VA—Virginia, and WV—West Virginia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7850643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7850643/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
for localities).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE60A15FF4BFAE3FEC6FA28" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE60A15FF4BFAE3FE90FA50" bold="true" box="[199,300,1407,1433]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">Habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
Occurs almost exclusively in the rocky riffle zones of a fast-flowing, high-gradient mountain stream of the “typical” character associated with other Shovel-nosed Salamanders farther south in the Appalachian Mountains (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FF56FA5BFED1FA28" author="Martof, B. S." box="[218,365,1479,1505]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref11332" refString="Martof, B. S. (1962) Some aspects of the life history and ecology of the salamander Leurognathus. American Midland Naturalist, 67, 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2422814" type="journal article" year="1962">Martof 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="08C78ED7FFE60A17FF4BFA76FECBFE64" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE60A15FF4BFA76FD8CF9E1" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE60A15FF4BFA76FEEEF9CD" bold="true" box="[199,338,1514,1540]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet is a Latin singular adjective in the nominative case meaning “marbled,” in reference to the dorsal color-pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE60A15FF4BF9ADFD11F95A" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE60A15FF4BF9ADFDBEF985" bold="true" box="[199,514,1585,1612]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">Standard English Names:</emphasis>
|
||
Moore’s Triton (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FD40F9AEFCCDF985" author="Brimley, C. S." box="[716,881,1586,1612]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" pagination="150 - 156" refId="ref9780" refString="Brimley, C. S. (1907) The salamanders of North Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 23, 150 - 156." type="journal article" year="1907">Brimley 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Moore’s Salamander (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FB04F9AEFAA3F985" author="Bishop, S. C." box="[1160,1311,1586,1612]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" refId="ref9757" refString="Bishop, S. C. (1943) Handbook of Salamanders. Comstock, Ithaca, New York, 555 pp." type="book" year="1943">Bishop 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Northern Shovel-nosed Salamander (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FE4BF9C9FDDBF9B9" author="Schmidt, K. P." box="[455,615,1621,1648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" refId="ref12439" refString="Schmidt, K. P. (1953) A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. 6 th Edition. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 280 pp." type="book" year="1953">Schmidt 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Shovelnose Salamander (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FC1FF9C9FBD9F9B9" author="Collins, J. T. & Huheey, J. E. & Knight, J. L. & Smith, H. M." box="[915,1125,1621,1648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref10192" refString="Collins, J. T., Huheey, J. E., Knight, J. L. & Smith, H. M. (1978) Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles. SSAR Herpetological Circular, 7, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1978">
|
||
Collins
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE60A15FC60F9CAFB9FF9A6" box="[1004,1059,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1978
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We suggest that “Northern Shovel-nosed Salamander” is most appropriate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE60A15FF4BF901FA3BF8EB" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE60A15FF4BF901FECDF97E" bold="true" box="[199,369,1693,1719]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">Conservation:</emphasis>
|
||
The re-described concept of this species occupies a smaller range than the previous, more inclusive definition but is nevertheless widespread and abundant at numerous historical localities. Consequently, we suggest that it retain its “LC—Least Concern” status on the IUCN Red List based on the known information (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FAECF979FEAFF8EA" author="Maes, D. & Isaac, N. J. B. & Harrower, C. A. & Collen, B. & van Strien, A. J. & Roy, D. B." pageId="9" pageNumber="271" pagination="690 - 706" refId="ref11125" refString="Maes, D., Isaac, N. J. B., Harrower, C. A., Collen, B., van Strien, A. J. & Roy, D. B. (2015) The use of opportunistic data for IUCN Red List assessments. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 115, 690 - 706. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / bij. 12530" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Maes
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE60A15FF1BF895FF73F8EB" box="[151,207,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Special attention should be paid to the isolated population in the New River Gorge of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="821913BEFFE60A15FB6AF895FA3FF8EB" box="[1254,1411,1800,1827]" country="United States of America" name="West Virginia" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">West Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE60A15FF4BF8B0FCE8F830" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE60A15FF4BF8B0FEAFF88F" bold="true" box="[199,275,1836,1862]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">Notes:</emphasis>
|
||
First assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE60A15FE5AF8B0FDC0F88F" authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1850" box="[470,636,1836,1862]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE60A15FE5AF8B0FDC0F88F" box="[470,636,1836,1862]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">Desmognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FD28F8B0FC0CF88F" author="Titus, T. A. & Larson, A." box="[676,944,1836,1863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" pagination="451 - 472" refId="ref12517" refString="Titus, T. A. & Larson, A. (1996) Molecular phylogenetics of desmognathine salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae): a reevaluation of evolution in ecology, life history, and morphology. Systematic Biology, 45, 451 - 472. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / 45.4.451" type="journal article" year="1996">Titus and Larson (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
after the unpublished results of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FA9FF8B0FA20F88F" author="Titus, T. A." box="[1299,1436,1836,1862]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" refId="ref12474" refString="Titus, T. A. (1992) A phylogenetic analysis of the Desmognathinae (Caudata: Plethodontidae): evolutionary patterns inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. PhD Thesis, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 119 pp." type="book" year="1992">Titus (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the informal suggestion of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FE71F8CCFD00F8A3" author="Bernardo, J." box="[509,700,1872,1898]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" pagination="14 - 38" refId="ref9579" refString="Bernardo, J. (1994) Experimental analysis of allocation in two divergent, natural salamander populations. The American Naturalist, 143, 14 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 285594" type="journal article" year="1994">Bernardo (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Genetic variation in the widespread former concept of this species was first reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FE35F8E8FDC3F847" author="Voss, S. R. & Smith, D. G. & Beachy, C. K. & Heckel, D. G." box="[441,639,1907,1934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" pagination="493 - 497" refId="ref12601" refString="Voss, S. R., Smith, D. G., Beachy, C. K. & Heckel, D. G. (1995) Allozyme variation in neighboring isolated populations of the plethodontid salamander Leurognathus marmoratus. Journal of Herpetology, 29, 493 - 497. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1565011" type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Voss
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE60A15FE79F8E8FD91F844" box="[501,557,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1995)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and expanded by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FCC0F8EFFC45F847" author="Jackson, N. D." box="[844,1017,1907,1934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" refId="ref10730" refString="Jackson, N. D. (2005) Phylogenetic history, morphological parallelism, and speciation in a complex of Appalachian salamanders (genus: Desmognathus). M. S. Thesis, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 64 pp." type="book" year="2005">Jackson (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FB89F8EFFB5FF847" author="Kozak, K. H. & Larson, A. & Bonett, R. M. & Harmon, L. J." box="[1029,1251,1907,1934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" pagination="2000 - 2016" refId="ref10996" refString="Kozak, K. H., Larson, A., Bonett, R. M. & Harmon, L. J. (2005) Phylogenetic analysis of ecomorphological divergence, community structure, and diversification rates in dusky salamanders (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus). Evolution, 59, 2000 - 2016. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 0014 - 3820.2005. tb 01069. x" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Kozak
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE60A15FBDAF8E8FB32F844" box="[1110,1166,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FA92F8E8FF58F878" author="Jones, M. T. & Voss, S. R. & Ptacek, M. B. & Weisrock, D. W. & Tonkyn, D. W." pageId="9" pageNumber="271" pagination="280 - 287" refId="ref10913" refString="Jones, M. T., Voss, S. R., Ptacek, M. B., Weisrock, D. W. & Tonkyn, D. W. (2006) River drainages and phylogeography: an evolutionary significant lineage of shovel-nosed salamander (Desmognathus marmoratus) in the southern Appalachians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 38, 280 - 287. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2005.05.007" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Jones
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE60A15FAE8F8E8FA21F844" box="[1380,1437,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="271">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who confirmed the existence of multiple species-level taxa based on phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. This echoed earlier morphological work (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FCC8F820FC7DF81F" author="Pope, C. H." box="[836,961,1980,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref11624" refString="Pope, C. H. (1928) Some plethodontid salamanders from North Carolina and Kentucky, with the description of a new race of Leurognathus. American Museum Novitates, 306, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1928">Pope 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FC42F827FBDCF81F" author="Martof, B. S." box="[974,1120,1979,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref11293" refString="Martof, B. S. (1956) Three new subspecies of Leurognathus marmorata from the southern Appalachian Mountains. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 575, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1956">Martof 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), though
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE60A15FB47F827FAD7F81C" author="Martof, B. S." box="[1227,1387,1979,2005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="271" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref11332" refString="Martof, B. S. (1962) Some aspects of the life history and ecology of the salamander Leurognathus. American Midland Naturalist, 67, 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2422814" type="journal article" year="1962">Martof (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had later downplayed the significance of this phenotypic variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="14A28DD4FFE50A16FF14FC6FFD0CFBE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7850651" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7850651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7850651/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="272" startId="10.[152,255,1011,1035]" targetBox="[189,1398,181,987]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE50A16FF14FC6FFD0CFBE6" blockId="10.[151,1436,1011,1072]" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE50A16FF14FC6FFEA6FBC2" bold="true" box="[152,282,1011,1035]" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
An adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE50A16FE0AFC6FFD1DFBC2" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[390,673,1011,1035]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE50A16FE0AFC6FFD1DFBC2" box="[390,673,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">Desmognathus marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Laurel Creek (VA: Smyth). Note the indistinctiveness of the dorsal color pattern. Photo courtesy of T.W. Pierson (KSU).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="14A28DD4FFE50A16FF14F81FFAC2F82D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7850657" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7850657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7850657/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="272" startId="10.[152,255,1923,1947]" targetBox="[190,1397,1095,1899]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE50A16FF14F81FFAC2F82D" blockId="10.[151,1436,1923,2020]" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE50A16FF14F81FFEA5F855" bold="true" box="[152,281,1923,1948]" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
An adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE50A16FE0EF818FD20F852" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[386,668,1924,1948]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE50A16FE0EF818FD20F852" box="[386,668,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">Desmognathus marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Hickory Creek (NC: Henderson), from the isolated population (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE50A16FAE7F818FF56F876" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE50A16FAE7F818FF56F876" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
G) in Hickory Nut Gorge. This phylogeographic sublineage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE50A16FCF4F834FBA8F876" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[888,1044,1960,1983]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE50A16FCF4F834FBA8F876" box="[888,1044,1960,1983]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">D. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains significant genomic ancestry from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE50A16FF43F850FEDAF82D" baseAuthorityName="Pope" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[207,358,1996,2020]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE50A16FF43F850FEDAF82D" box="[207,358,1996,2020]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">D. intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and potentially other Pisgah-clade species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE50A16FCAEF850FC5DF82D" author="Pyron, R. A. & O'Connell, K. A. & Lemmon, E. M. & Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A." box="[802,993,1996,2020]" pageId="10" pageNumber="272" pagination="8574" refId="ref12150" refString="Pyron, R. A., O'Connell, K. A., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A. (2022 c) Candidate-species delimitation in Desmognathus salamanders reveals gene flow across lineage boundaries, confounding phylogenetic estimation and clarifying hybrid zones. Ecology and Evolution, 12, e 8574. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.8574" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Pyron
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE50A16FCEAF850FC26F82D" box="[870,922,1996,2020]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022c
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Photo courtesy of M.A. Seldes (UGA).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE40A17FF4BFF0BFECBFE64" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">
|
||
Accordingly, we offer revised accounts of the other known species of shovel-nosed salamander. These occur in two distantly related clades, Nantahala (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE40A17FDD2FF27FCD1FF1D" baseAuthorityName="Martof" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[606,877,187,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FDD2FF27FCD1FF1D" box="[606,877,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Desmognathus aureatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Pisgah (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE40A17FB87FF27FB0FFF1C" baseAuthorityName="Pope" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1035,1203,187,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FB87FF27FB0FFF1C" box="[1035,1203,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">D. intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FB47FF27FF5EFF30" author="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T." pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref9518" refString="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T. (2020) Towards rectifying limitations on species delineation in dusky salamanders (Desmognathus: Plethodontidae): an ecoregion-drainage sampling grid reveals additional cryptic clades. Zootaxa, 4734 (1), 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4734.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Beamer and Lamb (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Pyron
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FEE0FF43FE1BFF30" box="[364,423,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020, 2022c) sampled the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F6663FEFFE40A17FD63FF43FCA3FF30" box="[751,799,223,249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FC25FF43FB75FF31" box="[937,1225,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE40A17FC25FF43FBF8FF30" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1899" box="[937,1092,223,249]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leurognathus</taxonomicName>
|
||
m. aureata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FB5FFF43FAD6FF30" author="Martof, B. S." box="[1235,1386,222,249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref11293" refString="Martof, B. S. (1956) Three new subspecies of Leurognathus marmorata from the southern Appalachian Mountains. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 575, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1956">Martof, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and populations geographically proximate (5.5 airline km) to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F6663FEFFE40A17FCCDFE9FFCCDFED4" box="[833,881,259,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FC7CFE9FFB2FFED4" box="[1008,1171,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">L. m. roborata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FB15FE9FFA8CFED4" author="Martof, B. S." box="[1177,1328,258,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref11293" refString="Martof, B. S. (1956) Three new subspecies of Leurognathus marmorata from the southern Appalachian Mountains. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 575, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1956">Martof, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, confirming their inclusion in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE40A17FE01FEBBFD37FE88" authority="B. Acting" authorityName="B. Acting" box="[397,651,295,321]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FE01FEBBFDAAFE89" box="[397,534,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
B. Acting
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the First Reviser (Article 24.2.1),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FBB4FEBBFB50FE88" author="Raffaelli, J." box="[1080,1260,295,321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" refId="ref12261" refString="Raffaelli, J. (2013) Les urodeles du monde. Deuxieme Edition. Plumelec, Penclen, 480 pp." type="book" year="2013">Raffaëlli (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had previously selected the former as the senior subjective synonym when the two taxa are considered conspecific. Consequently, this lineage should be referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE40A17FDCEFEF3FBB4FE40" authority="(Martof, 1956)" baseAuthorityName="Martof" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[578,1032,366,393]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FDCEFEF3FCE8FE41" box="[578,852,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Desmognathus aureatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FCEAFEF3FC43FE40" author="Martof, B. S." box="[870,1023,366,393]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref11293" refString="Martof, B. S. (1956) Three new subspecies of Leurognathus marmorata from the southern Appalachian Mountains. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 575, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1956">Martof, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE40A17FB2DFEF3FF65FE64" authority="(Martof, 1956)" baseAuthorityName="Martof" baseAuthorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roboratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FB2DFEF3FA88FE40" box="[1185,1332,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">D. roboratus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FACAFEF3FF6CFE64" author="Martof, B. S." pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref11293" refString="Martof, B. S. (1956) Three new subspecies of Leurognathus marmorata from the southern Appalachian Mountains. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 575, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1956">Martof, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in synonymy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |