370 lines
48 KiB
XML
370 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="C603E5454A81AC1B8324403E7510CC75" ID-CLB-Dataset="255189" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5270.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5df54694-df76-4304-8adc-c750a0c1c7eb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7850637" ID-ZooBank="203D4821-2C0D-4ECB-9298-05EE363D1F05" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1681979137333" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyron, R. Alexander & Beamer, David A." docDate="2023" docId="C8746C4AFFE40A10FF1BFE62FCEFF9B7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5270.2.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5270 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5270.2.5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Desmognathus aureatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="274" masterDocId="344D1432FFEF0A1CFF8CFF9CFFBCFFC9" masterDocTitle="A systematic revision of the Shovel-nosed Salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus marmoratus), with re-description of the related D. aureatus and D. intermedius" masterLastPageNumber="280" masterPageNumber="262" pageNumber="273" updateTime="1699514577854" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D81B19D86DD780A373ACEB6BE4CA2A66">
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<mods:title id="7877CDF4656CA83C34E0EDDE7369A446">A systematic revision of the Shovel-nosed Salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus marmoratus), with re-description of the related D. aureatus and D. intermedius</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="36BECB451C8EA38345DBEA9AFAB5B3F3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C2B0A0993CD99D9AFDE8240CF598A3AA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="52CA80248DF6523FDADFAB47E2D12362">Pyron, R. Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="76AF4B6D96A6365B86475033BDAD5F98" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2524-1794</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="52DB888867BE5B90609FD59BBACAA0F8" type="email">rpyron@colubroid.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="357F72DB90B7625C5E002D26CCF0051B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="658F8547AE0526D1CAEAB22917FEC4E4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8247B505E0F72BECF5D1E90EEC4D16A3">Beamer, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0B4ACDF8646296FD50CA704220718429" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2524-1794</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F82F2DD971E42A034F0A7031539FDC2F" type="email">rpyron@colubroid.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="53076B8E2565509A6E578CE899BE7814">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BBA30444B2951C2EE12103C9499FB062">
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<mods:title id="1A8A61F57B9226692B17057CCD47A40C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="52B5550A15D6965BF1581C9B0CFDC62F">
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<mods:date id="12207A63B628DE397B781716BC642FC7">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B0728057F6B17986162242B24CD63236">2023-04-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="099A750F9CC504C854065DB80DCA785B">5270</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AF1576C6B5EDF15570136953FFCD5E43">2</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="5E771335DC2D77B6F58309834950B6C4">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5270.2.5</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="A72682C369C808BDBCEC6C8942FDB943" type="CLB-Dataset">255189</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="61D493D272287BF4DB0F18482FB68D40" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5270.2.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3A1005A41A98A24C8690E625EF092154" type="Zenodo-Dep">7850637</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C8746C4AFFE40A10FF1BFE62FCEFF9B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7850579" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209569755" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7850579" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C8746C4AFFE40A10FF1BFE62FCEFF9B7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C8746C4AFFE40A10FF1BFE62FCEFF9B7" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="274" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">
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<subSubSection id="08C78ED7FFE40A17FF1BFE62FDC7FDD1" box="[151,635,510,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE40A17FF1BFE62FDC7FDD1" blockId="11.[151,635,510,537]" box="[151,635,510,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">
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<heading id="1B2A6A30FFE40A17FF1BFE62FDC7FDD1" bold="true" box="[151,635,510,537]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE40A17FF1BFE62FDC7FDD1" ID-CoL="6CNY6" ID-ENA="3018287" authority="(Martof, 1956)" baseAuthorityName="Martof" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[151,635,510,537]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureatus">
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<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FF1BFE62FDC7FDD1" bold="true" box="[151,635,510,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">
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<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FF1BFE62FE01FDD0" bold="true" box="[151,445,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Desmognathus aureatus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FE41FE62FDCFFDD1" author="Martof, B. S." box="[461,627,510,536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref11293" refString="Martof, B. S. (1956) Three new subspecies of Leurognathus marmorata from the southern Appalachian Mountains. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 575, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1956">Martof, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="08C78ED7FFE40A17FF1BFDDFFD39FCDA" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE40A17FF1BFDDFFDC0FD92" blockId="11.[151,1436,579,788]" box="[151,636,579,603]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">
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<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE40A17FF1BFDDFFDC0FD92" ID-CoL="5JCGN" authority="Martof, 1956" authorityName="Martof" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,636,579,603]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="marmorata" subSpecies="aureata">
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<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FF1BFDDFFE4CFD92" box="[151,496,579,603]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Leurognathus marmorata aureata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FE7AFDDFFDC0FD92" author="Martof, B. S." box="[502,636,579,603]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref11293" refString="Martof, B. S. (1956) Three new subspecies of Leurognathus marmorata from the southern Appalachian Mountains. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 575, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1956">Martof, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE40A17FF1BFDFEFD39FCDA" blockId="11.[151,1436,579,788]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">
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<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE40A17FF1BFDFEFD2FFDB3" ID-CoL="5JCGS" authority="Martof, 1956" authorityName="Martof" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,659,610,634]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="marmorata" subSpecies="roborata">
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<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FF1BFDFEFDBCFDB3" box="[151,512,610,634]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Leurognathus marmorata roborata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FD85FDFEFD2FFDB3" author="Martof, B. S." box="[521,659,610,634]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref11293" refString="Martof, B. S. (1956) Three new subspecies of Leurognathus marmorata from the southern Appalachian Mountains. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 575, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1956">Martof, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<typeStatus id="9F6663FEFFE40A17FD2CFDFEFD45FDB3" box="[672,761,610,634]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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UMMZ 111568 by original designation, collected
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<date id="3463FB9CFFE40A17FA82FDFEFF46FD51" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" value="1954-09-18">18 September 1954</date>
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by “the Bernard Martof family,” type locality “Reed Creek, along Burrell Ford Road, 0.5 of a mile from its junction with Glade School Road, about
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<quantity id="872570B9FFE40A17FD9BFD03FDCAFD7E" box="[535,630,671,695]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.632704" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" unit="mi" value="3.5">3.5 miles</quantity>
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northwest of Pine Mountain Community, Rabun County,
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<collectingCountry id="38CA9DCCFFE40A17FB58FD03FA94FD7E" box="[1236,1320,671,695]" name="Georgia" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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;
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||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE40A17FAB8FD03FA20FD7E" box="[1332,1436,671,695]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1628" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" unit="ft" value="2350.0">2,350 feet</quantity>
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||
elevation.”
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<typeStatus id="9F6663FEFFE40A17FEB2FD22FE1CFD1F" box="[318,416,702,726]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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UMMZ 111569 (lot of
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<specimenCount id="56DB16D5FFE40A17FD17FD22FC96FD1F" box="[667,810,702,726]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" type="generic">26 specimens</specimenCount>
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); same data. Informally synonymized with
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<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE40A17FB60FD23FAC7FD1F" ID-CoL="6PVCX" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1899" box="[1260,1403,703,726]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmorata">
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<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FB60FD23FAC7FD1F" box="[1260,1403,703,726]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">L. marmorata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FF4BFD40FEEAFD3D" author="Martof, B. S." box="[199,342,732,756]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref11332" refString="Martof, B. S. (1962) Some aspects of the life history and ecology of the salamander Leurognathus. American Midland Naturalist, 67, 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2422814" type="journal article" year="1962">Martof (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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and resurrected by
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<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FD96FD40FC8FFD3C" author="Dubois, A. & Raffaelli, J." box="[538,819,732,757]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="77 - 161" refId="ref10314" refString="Dubois, A. & Raffaelli, J. (2012) A new ergotaxonomy of the order Urodela Dumeril, 1805 (Amphibia, Batrachia). Alytes, 28, 77 - 161." type="journal article" year="2012">Dubois and Raffaëlli (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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based on a suggestion by
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<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FBBAFD41FB4DFD3D" author="Jones, M. T. & Voss, S. R. & Ptacek, M. B. & Weisrock, D. W. & Tonkyn, D. W." box="[1078,1265,732,756]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="280 - 287" refId="ref10913" refString="Jones, M. T., Voss, S. R., Ptacek, M. B., Weisrock, D. W. & Tonkyn, D. W. (2006) River drainages and phylogeography: an evolutionary significant lineage of shovel-nosed salamander (Desmognathus marmoratus) in the southern Appalachians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 38, 280 - 287. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2005.05.007" type="journal article" year="2006">
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Jones
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<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FBF8FD41FB1AFD3D" box="[1140,1190,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">et al.</emphasis>
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(2006)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. Here designated a junior subjective synonym of
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<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FD8BFD60FD39FCDA" box="[519,645,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">
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<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE40A17FD8BFD60FD3DFCDA" ID-CoL="6CNY6" baseAuthorityName="Martof" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[519,641,764,787]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureatus">D. aureatus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="08C78ED7FFE40A17FF1BFCDDFB95FC0E" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE40A17FF1BFCDDFCF8FC6A" blockId="11.[151,1437,833,1976]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">
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||
<materialsCitation id="F0B5D701FFE40A17FF1BFCDDFCF8FC6A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4090979301" collectingDate="1954-09-11" collectionCode="UMMZ" country="Georgia" county="Lumpkin County" elevation="472" location="Stephen" municipality="Dahlonega" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" specimenCode="UMMZ 111566" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FF1BFCDDFEB1FC92" bold="true" box="[151,269,833,859]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F6663FEFFE40A17FF1BFCDDFEB4FC92" box="[151,264,833,859]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCode id="107B7527FFE40A17FE98FCDEFE7FFC95" box="[276,451,833,860]" collectionCode="UMMZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" type="University or college">UMMZ 111566</specimenCode>
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||
by original designation, collected
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||
<date id="3463FB9CFFE40A17FCCEFCDDFBA5FC95" box="[834,1049,833,860]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" value="1954-09-11">
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||
<collectingDate id="24270274FFE40A17FCCEFCDDFBA5FC95" box="[834,1049,833,860]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" value="1954-09-11">11 September 1954</collectingDate>
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</date>
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by “
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<location id="45028B87FFE40A17FBC7FCDDFB14FC92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C8746C4AFFE40A10FF1BFE62FCEFF9B7:45028B87FFE40A17FBC7FCDDFB14FC92" box="[1099,1192,833,859]" country="Georgia" county="Lumpkin County" municipality="Dahlonega" name="Stephen" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Stephen</location>
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and
|
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<location id="45028B87FFE40A17FB57FCDDFA32FC92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C8746C4AFFE40A10FF1BFE62FCEFF9B7:45028B87FFE40A17FB57FCDDFA32FC92" box="[1243,1422,833,859]" country="Georgia" county="Lumpkin County" municipality="Dahlonega" name="Andrew Martof" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Andrew Martof</location>
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||
,” type locality “
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||
<location id="45028B87FFE40A17FEBEFCF9FE5DFCB6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C8746C4AFFE40A10FF1BFE62FCEFF9B7:45028B87FFE40A17FEBEFCF9FE5DFCB6" box="[306,481,869,895]" country="Georgia" county="Lumpkin County" municipality="Dahlonega" name="Jarrard's Creek" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Jarrard’s Creek</location>
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, 0.2 of a mile below its crossing of U.S.
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<location id="45028B87FFE40A17FC2DFCFAFC58FC49" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C8746C4AFFE40A10FF1BFE62FCEFF9B7:45028B87FFE40A17FC2DFCFAFC58FC49" box="[929,996,870,896]" country="Georgia" county="Lumpkin County" municipality="Dahlonega" name="Route" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Route</location>
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19, about 9 air miles north-northeast of
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<collectingMunicipality id="A0064726FFE40A17FF1BFC15FEAFFC6A" box="[151,275,905,931]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Dahlonega</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="A903A5D0FFE40A17FE92FC15FE5CFC6A" box="[286,480,905,931]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Lumpkin County</collectingCounty>
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, Georgia;
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||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE40A17FDDFFC15FD7FFC6A" box="[595,707,905,932]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.724399999999999" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" unit="ft" value="1550.0">
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||
<elevation id="CBF03A6FFFE40A17FDDFFC15FD7FFC6A" box="[595,707,905,932]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.724399999999999" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" unit="ft" value="1550.0">1,550 feet</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
elevation.”
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE40A17FF4BFC31FB95FC0E" blockId="11.[151,1437,833,1976]" box="[199,1065,941,968]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F0B5D701FFE40A17FF4BFC31FB95FC0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4090979303" box="[199,1065,941,968]" collectingDate="1954-09-11" collectionCode="UMMZ" country="Georgia" county="Lumpkin County" elevation="472" location="Stephen" municipality="Dahlonega" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" specimenCode="UMMZ 111567" specimenCount="20" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FF4BFC31FEF4FC0E" bold="true" box="[199,328,941,967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F6663FEFFE40A17FF4BFC31FEFFFC0E" box="[199,323,941,967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="107B7527FFE40A17FEC3FC32FE43FC01" box="[335,511,941,968]" collectionCode="UMMZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" type="University or college">UMMZ 111567</specimenCode>
|
||
(lot of
|
||
<specimenCount id="56DB16D5FFE40A17FDDFFC31FD4CFC0E" box="[595,752,941,967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); “data as for the holotype.”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="08C78ED7FFE40A17FF4BFC4DFDD4F951" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE40A17FF4BFC4DFD49FA2D" blockId="11.[151,1437,833,1976]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FF4BFC4DFEE7FC22" bold="true" box="[199,347,977,1003]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
After
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FE28FC4DFDFBFC25" author="Martof, B. S." box="[420,583,977,1004]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref11293" refString="Martof, B. S. (1956) Three new subspecies of Leurognathus marmorata from the southern Appalachian Mountains. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 575, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1956">Martof (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, adults of this species have no vomerine teeth (versus presence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE40A17FABBFC4EFED1FBC6" baseAuthorityName="Pope" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FABBFC4EFED1FBC6" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Desmognathus intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE40A17FE2EFC6AFDF1FBC6" box="[418,589,1014,1039]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FE2EFC6AFDF1FBC6" box="[418,589,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">D. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[some females]); ventral color-pattern pale or mottled (versus dark or black in other Blue Ridge lineages); and dark brown to black background of dorsum with dorsal color-pattern consisting of paired, golden, marbled or lichenous blotches (albeit less distinct in northeastern populations previously assigned to
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FE89FBFEFE15FBB2" box="[261,425,1121,1147]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">L. m. roborata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FE3CFBFDFDFAFBB5" author="Martof, B. S." box="[432,582,1121,1148]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref11293" refString="Martof, B. S. (1956) Three new subspecies of Leurognathus marmorata from the southern Appalachian Mountains. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 575, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1956">Martof, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These characters should be re-evaluated for diagnostic consistency. In our sample, this is the smallest shovel-nosed species, with metamorphosed SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE40A17FB96FB19FB33FB56" box="[1050,1167,1157,1183]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.35" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" unit="mm" value="53.5" valueMax="73.0" valueMin="34.0">34–73mm</quantity>
|
||
. Based on our size-corrected linear morphometric analyses, this species can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE40A17FC62FB36FB29FB0A" baseAuthorityName="Pope" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1006,1173,1193,1219]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FC62FB36FB29FB0A" box="[1006,1173,1193,1219]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">D. intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a shorter trunk (AG in original measurements =
|
||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE40A17FE5BFB51FDF6FB2E" box="[471,586,1229,1255]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" unit="mm" value="28.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="17.0">17–40mm</quantity>
|
||
) and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE40A17FD47FB52FCC4FB2E" box="[715,888,1230,1255]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FD47FB52FCC4FB2E" box="[715,888,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">D. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a longer head (SG in original measurements =
|
||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE40A17FF23FB6DFEFDFAC2" box="[175,321,1265,1291]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2600000000000002" metricValueMax="1.7100000000000002" metricValueMin="0.8099999999999999" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" unit="mm" value="12.6" valueMax="17.1" valueMin="8.1">8.1–17.1mm</quantity>
|
||
). From
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FE15FB6DFD87FAC2" author="Martof, B. S." box="[409,571,1265,1291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref11332" refString="Martof, B. S. (1962) Some aspects of the life history and ecology of the salamander Leurognathus. American Midland Naturalist, 67, 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2422814" type="journal article" year="1962">Martof (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, females at sites in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="38CA9DCCFFE40A17FC96FB6DFCC8FAC2" box="[794,884,1265,1291]" name="Georgia" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
develop sexual maturity around
|
||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE40A17FB6BFB6DFAE4FAC5" box="[1255,1368,1265,1292]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" metricValueMax="5.9" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" unit="mm" value="57.0" valueMax="59.0" valueMin="55.0">55–59mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, typically laying 27–
|
||
<specimenCount id="56DB16D5FFE40A17FEF4FA89FE73FAF9" box="[376,463,1301,1328]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" type="egg">54 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
from May to July, with clutch size dependent on body size. Hatchlings are as small as
|
||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE40A17FF1BFAA5FEB4FA9A" box="[151,264,1337,1363]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL and metamorphose at
|
||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE40A17FDCFFAA5FD08FA9D" box="[579,692,1337,1364]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" unit="mm" value="31.5" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="25.0">25–38mm</quantity>
|
||
(usually ~30) after 10–20 months, though up to three distinct size classes at some suggest possibly longer periods up to ~36 months. Larvae and adults are primarily insectivorous, likely preying opportunistically on available aquatic invertebrates (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FC0DFA1DFB3EFA55" author="Martof, B. S. & Scott, D. C." box="[897,1154,1409,1436]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="494 - 501" refId="ref11402" refString="Martof, B. S. & Scott, D. C. (1957) The food of the salamander Leurognathus. Ecology, 38, 494 - 501. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1929894" type="journal article" year="1957">Martof and Scott 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Adults in some
|
||
<collectingCountry id="38CA9DCCFFE40A17FACFFA1DFA21FA52" box="[1347,1437,1409,1435]" name="Georgia" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
populations are occasionally bright yellow, a characteristic that apparently shifts rapidly in frequency within populations over short timescales (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FE43FA55FD54FA2D" author="Martof, B. S. & Walton, K. G." box="[463,744,1481,1508]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="349 - 352" refId="ref11443" refString="Martof, B. S. & Walton, K. G. (1965) A study of the unusual pigmentation in the salamander Leurognathus marmoratus. Physiological Zoology, 38, 349 - 352. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / physzool. 38.4.30152412" type="journal article" year="1965">Martof and Walton 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE40A17FF4BFA71FB18F986" blockId="11.[151,1437,833,1976]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FF4BFA71FEA1F9CE" bold="true" box="[199,285,1517,1543]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Range:</emphasis>
|
||
The Blue Ridge Mountains of northeastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="821913BEFFE40A17FC9CFA71FCD1F9CE" box="[784,877,1517,1543]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Georgia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, northwestern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="821913BEFFE40A17FB9FFA71FB03F9CE" box="[1043,1215,1517,1543]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and small portions of the nearby border regions of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="821913BEFFE40A17FE78F98DFD23F9E2" box="[500,671,1553,1579]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, in headwater streams of the Chattahoochee, Chattooga, and Tallulah River drainages (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D8E6C1D9FFE40A17FEDBF9A9FE26F986" box="[343,410,1589,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[177,1422,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[165,1422,181,1785]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of genetic, specimen-vouchered, and literature localities for the three species of Shovel-nosed Salamanders, from our collections (RAP and DAB) and Martof (1956), Jackson (2005), Kozak et al. (2005), Wooten and Rissler (2011), Beamer and Lamb (2020), and Pyron et al. (2022c). Type localities are indicated with inverted triangles, and the site indicated in grey is a dubious locality reported by Wooten and Rissler (2011). Our extensive fieldwork at this and numerous other sites in the headwaters of the New (Kanawha) River yielded no specimens. State abbreviations are GA—Georgia, SC—South Carolina, NC—North Carolina, TN—Tennessee, VA—Virginia, and WV—West Virginia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7850643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7850643/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FE24F9AAFDE1F999" author="Voss, S. R. & Smith, D. G. & Beachy, C. K. & Heckel, D. G." box="[424,605,1589,1616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="493 - 497" refId="ref12601" refString="Voss, S. R., Smith, D. G., Beachy, C. K. & Heckel, D. G. (1995) Allozyme variation in neighboring isolated populations of the plethodontid salamander Leurognathus marmoratus. Journal of Herpetology, 29, 493 - 497. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1565011" type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Voss
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FE6FF9AAFDA7F986" box="[483,539,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FDE5F9AAFC96F986" author="Jones, M. T. & Voss, S. R. & Ptacek, M. B. & Weisrock, D. W. & Tonkyn, D. W." box="[617,810,1589,1616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="280 - 287" refId="ref10913" refString="Jones, M. T., Voss, S. R., Ptacek, M. B., Weisrock, D. W. & Tonkyn, D. W. (2006) River drainages and phylogeography: an evolutionary significant lineage of shovel-nosed salamander (Desmognathus marmoratus) in the southern Appalachians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 38, 280 - 287. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2005.05.007" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Jones
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FD22F9AAFD5AF986" box="[686,742,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Elevational range ~
|
||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE40A17FB9AF9A9FB1CF986" box="[1046,1184,1589,1615]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" unit="m" value="750.0" valueMax="1100.0" valueMin="400.0">400–1100m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE40A17FF4BF9C5FDD4F951" blockId="11.[151,1437,833,1976]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FF4BF9C5FE90F9BA" bold="true" box="[199,300,1625,1651]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
As with all shovel-nosed salamanders, occurs almost exclusively in the rocky riffle zones of a fast-flowing, high-gradient mountain streams.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="08C78ED7FFE40A10FF4BF93DFCEFF9B7" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="274" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE40A17FF4BF93DFD68F916" blockId="11.[151,1437,833,1976]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FF4BF93DFEEEF972" bold="true" box="[199,338,1697,1723]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet is a Latin singular adjective in the nominative case meaning “adorned with gold,” in reference to the dorsal coloration (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D8E6C1D9FFE40A17FD0EF959FD7AF916" box="[642,710,1733,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1061,1085]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1038]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[151,1436,181,1038]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. An adult Desmognathus aureatus from Pruitt Creek (GA: Lumpkin), near the type locality. Note the brighter yellow or golden lichenous dorsal blotches. Photo courtesy of MAS." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7850659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7850659/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE40A17FF4BF975FCE5F882" blockId="11.[151,1437,833,1976]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FF4BF975FE44F8CA" bold="true" box="[199,504,1769,1795]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Standard English Names:</emphasis>
|
||
For
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE40A17FDA0F975FC27F8CA" authority=": Golden" authorityName="Golden" box="[556,923,1769,1795]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FDA0F975FCFFF8CA" box="[556,835,1769,1795]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Desmognathus aureatus:</emphasis>
|
||
Golden
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shovel-nosed Salamander (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FB5FF975FAD4F8CD" author="Conant, R." box="[1235,1384,1769,1796]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" refId="ref10245" refString="Conant, R. (1958) A field guide to reptiles and amphibians. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 598 pp." type="book" year="1958">Conant 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE40A17FF1BF891FD67F8E1" authority="Martof, 1956" authorityName="Martof" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,731,1805,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="marmoratus" subSpecies="roboratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FF1BF891FD85F8EE" box="[151,569,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Leurognathus marmoratus roboratus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FDCEF891FD67F8E1" author="Martof, B. S." box="[578,731,1805,1832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref11293" refString="Martof, B. S. (1956) Three new subspecies of Leurognathus marmorata from the southern Appalachian Mountains. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 575, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1956">Martof, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Husky Shovel-nosed Salamander (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FBE3F891FABAF8E1" author="Conant, R." box="[1135,1286,1805,1832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" refId="ref10245" refString="Conant, R. (1958) A field guide to reptiles and amphibians. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 598 pp." type="book" year="1958">Conant 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We suggest that “Southern” Shovel-nosed Salamander is more appropriate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE40A17FF4BF8C9FB59F871" blockId="11.[151,1437,833,1976]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FF4BF8C9FECDF8A6" bold="true" box="[199,369,1877,1903]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Conservation:</emphasis>
|
||
This species is apparently widespread and abundant at numerous historical and recent sites across its range, a significant proportion of which is protected by state, federal, and private entities. Consequently, we suggest that it be considered “LC—Least Concern” based on available data (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE40A17FB94F801FB66F871" author="Maes, D. & Isaac, N. J. B. & Harrower, C. A. & Collen, B. & van Strien, A. J. & Roy, D. B." box="[1048,1242,1949,1976]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="690 - 706" refId="ref11125" refString="Maes, D., Isaac, N. J. B., Harrower, C. A., Collen, B., van Strien, A. J. & Roy, D. B. (2015) The use of opportunistic data for IUCN Red List assessments. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 115, 690 - 706. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / bij. 12530" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Maes
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE40A17FBD2F802FB2AF87E" box="[1118,1174,1949,1975]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="14A28DD4FFE30A10FF14FBB9FC92FBAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7850659" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7850659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7850659/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" startId="12.[152,255,1061,1085]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1038]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE30A10FF14FBB9FC92FBAB" blockId="12.[151,1436,1061,1122]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FF14FBB9FEA4FBF7" bold="true" box="[152,280,1061,1086]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
An adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE30A10FEF2FBBAFDCFFBF4" box="[382,627,1062,1086]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FEF2FBBAFDCFFBF4" box="[382,627,1062,1086]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">Desmognathus aureatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Pruitt Creek (GA: Lumpkin), near the type locality. Note the brighter yellow or golden lichenous dorsal blotches. Photo courtesy of MAS.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE30A10FF4BFB0CFDB7FA4B" blockId="12.[151,1436,1168,1410]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FF4BFB0CFEAFFB63" bold="true" box="[199,275,1168,1194]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">Notes:</emphasis>
|
||
Implicitly synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE30A10FDFCFB0CFBF1FB63" authority="(Moore, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[624,1101,1168,1194]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FDFCFB0CFC21FB63" box="[624,925,1168,1194]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">Leurognathus marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE30A10FC23FB0CFBF9FB63" author="Moore, J. P." box="[943,1093,1168,1194]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" pagination="316 - 323" refId="ref11492" refString="Moore, J. P. (1899) Leurognathus marmorata, a new genus and species of salamander of the family Desmognathidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 51, 316 - 323." type="journal article" year="1899">Moore, 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE30A10FBF0FB0CFA9EFB63" author="Martof, B. S." box="[1148,1314,1168,1194]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref11332" refString="Martof, B. S. (1962) Some aspects of the life history and ecology of the salamander Leurognathus. American Midland Naturalist, 67, 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2422814" type="journal article" year="1962">Martof (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Indirectly suggested for resurrection by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE30A10FE65FB28FD03FB07" author="Jones, M. T. & Voss, S. R. & Ptacek, M. B. & Weisrock, D. W. & Tonkyn, D. W." box="[489,703,1204,1230]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" pagination="280 - 287" refId="ref10913" refString="Jones, M. T., Voss, S. R., Ptacek, M. B., Weisrock, D. W. & Tonkyn, D. W. (2006) River drainages and phylogeography: an evolutionary significant lineage of shovel-nosed salamander (Desmognathus marmoratus) in the southern Appalachians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 38, 280 - 287. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2005.05.007" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Jones
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FDBCFB29FDD6FB07" box="[560,618,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, though this was essentially ignored. Later explicitly resurrected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE30A10FF31FB44FDBFFB3B" author="Dubois, A. & Raffaelli, J." box="[189,515,1240,1266]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" pagination="77 - 161" refId="ref10314" refString="Dubois, A. & Raffaelli, J. (2012) A new ergotaxonomy of the order Urodela Dumeril, 1805 (Amphibia, Batrachia). Alytes, 28, 77 - 161." type="journal article" year="2012">Dubois and Raffaëlli (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, though few subsequent authorities followed this arrangement. Part of the Nantahala clade (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE30A10FEA7FB60FDF0FADF" author="Jones, K. S. & Weisrock, D. W." box="[299,588,1276,1302]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" pagination="2378 - 2393" refId="ref10861" refString="Jones, K. S. & Weisrock, D. W. (2018) Genomic data reject the hypothesis of sympatric ecological speciation in a clade of Desmognathus salamanders. Evolution, 72, 2378 - 2393. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / evo. 13606" type="journal article" year="2018">Jones and Weisrock 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Pyron
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FD2EFB61FD66FADF" box="[674,730,1276,1302]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020, 2022c) and the sister lineage of the Dwarf Black-bellied Salamander
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE30A10FEAAFABCFBB0FAF3" authority="Camp, Tilley, Austin, & Marshall, 2002" authorityName="Camp, Tilley, Austin, & Marshall" authorityYear="2002" box="[294,1036,1312,1338]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="folkertsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FEAAFABCFD8EFAF3" box="[294,562,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">Desmognathus folkertsi</emphasis>
|
||
Camp, Tilley, Austin, & Marshall, 2002
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The presence of the shovel-nosed phenotype in this lineage may have been transmitted to or from the Pisgah clade via an episode of ancient adaptive introgression (Pyron
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FE08FAF5FE00FA4B" box="[388,444,1384,1410]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE30A10FF4BFA2CFCEFF9B7" blockId="12.[151,1436,1456,1662]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">
|
||
Within the Pisgah clade,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE30A10FE64FA2CFCB3FA03" author="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T." box="[488,783,1456,1482]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref9518" refString="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T. (2020) Towards rectifying limitations on species delineation in dusky salamanders (Desmognathus: Plethodontidae): an ecoregion-drainage sampling grid reveals additional cryptic clades. Zootaxa, 4734 (1), 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4734.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Beamer and Lamb (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Pyron
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FC1AFA2DFC6CFA03" box="[918,976,1456,1482]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020, 2022c) sampled specimens from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F6663FEFFE30A10FF4CFA48FF4CFA27" box="[192,240,1492,1518]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">type</typeStatus>
|
||
localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE30A10FE0DFA48FC18FA27" authority="Pope, 1928" authorityName="Pope" authorityYear="1928" box="[385,932,1492,1518]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="marmorata" subSpecies="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FE0DFA48FCA3FA27" box="[385,799,1492,1518]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">Leurognathus marmorata intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE30A10FCAAFA48FC18FA27" author="Pope, C. H." box="[806,932,1492,1518]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref11624" refString="Pope, C. H. (1928) Some plethodontid salamanders from North Carolina and Kentucky, with the description of a new race of Leurognathus. American Museum Novitates, 306, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1928">Pope, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FC56FA49FBCFFA27" box="[986,1139,1492,1518]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">L. m. melania</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE30A10FBF6FA48FAACFA26" author="Martof, B. S." box="[1146,1296,1492,1519]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref11293" refString="Martof, B. S. (1956) Three new subspecies of Leurognathus marmorata from the southern Appalachian Mountains. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 575, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1956">Martof, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which were highly similar genetically and belonged to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE30A10FD39FA65FC82F9DB" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[693,830,1529,1554]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FD39FA65FC82F9DB" box="[693,830,1529,1554]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
C lineage. Therefore, we conclude that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE30A10FA9FFA65FA20F9DB" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[1299,1436,1529,1554]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FA9FFA65FA20F9DB" box="[1299,1436,1529,1554]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
C should be referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE30A10FE4AF980FC29F9FF" authority="(Pope, 1928)" baseAuthorityName="Pope" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[454,917,1564,1590]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FE4AF980FD45F9FF" box="[454,761,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">Desmognathus intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE30A10FC85F980FC32F9FF" author="Pope, C. H." box="[777,910,1564,1590]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref11624" refString="Pope, C. H. (1928) Some plethodontid salamanders from North Carolina and Kentucky, with the description of a new race of Leurognathus. American Museum Novitates, 306, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1928">Pope, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE30A10FB98F981FAFAF9FE" authority="(Martof 1956)" baseAuthorityName="Martof" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[1044,1350,1564,1591]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanius">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FB98F981FB21F9FF" box="[1044,1181,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">D. melanius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE30A10FB20F980FA81F9FE" author="Martof, B. S." box="[1196,1341,1564,1591]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref11293" refString="Martof, B. S. (1956) Three new subspecies of Leurognathus marmorata from the southern Appalachian Mountains. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 575, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1956">Martof 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in synonymy. Consequently, the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE30A10FD91F9DDFD19F993" baseAuthorityName="Martof" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[541,677,1600,1626]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanius">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FD91F9DDFD19F993" box="[541,677,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">D. melanius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recognized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE30A10FCD9F9DCFC5DF993" author="Frost, D. R." box="[853,993,1600,1626]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" refId="ref10470" refString="Frost, D. R. (2019) Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York. Available from: https: // amphibiansoftheworld. amnh. org / (accessed 1 January 2023)" type="url" year="2019">Frost (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE30A10FBD2F9DCFA20F993" author="Dubois, A. & Raffaelli, J." box="[1118,1436,1600,1626]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" pagination="77 - 161" refId="ref10314" refString="Dubois, A. & Raffaelli, J. (2012) A new ergotaxonomy of the order Urodela Dumeril, 1805 (Amphibia, Batrachia). Alytes, 28, 77 - 161." type="journal article" year="2012">Dubois and Raffaëlli (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE30A10FF4BF9F8FEC6F9B7" author="Raffaelli, J." box="[199,378,1636,1662]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" refId="ref12261" refString="Raffaelli, J. (2013) Les urodeles du monde. Deuxieme Edition. Plumelec, Penclen, 480 pp." type="book" year="2013">Raffaëlli (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is not valid but is instead preoccupied by:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |