262 lines
27 KiB
XML
262 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="3CF089B4515C6455B0FA6A163BE23EE0" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.12808389" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12808389" ID-ZooBank="4583EB82-8B38-4601-9608-C479D027FC70" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1721837425166" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Young, Julia Janicki Daniel K." docDate="2021" docId="039AFF58FFD9221086D9F266C4814081" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2021.0891.1-61.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2021 (891)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.4:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Haplorhynchites aeneus" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFA38720FFC922028619F73AC03E424F" masterDocTitle="Survey of the Attelabidae of Wisconsin (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1721840566399" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E75FAEE246FCE80E58E7894605B0DAAF">
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<mods:title id="0D8C1FF24C8E336ABE918DF21A4F79CB">Survey of the Attelabidae of Wisconsin (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="7E8307FDCF3CCB445F715F65BAC5283A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="973D9C7E33D5FFB95FEA388D8C55301E">Young, Julia Janicki Daniel K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F415FB2BB5C8AA85CBC88C52E6217270">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="12FE8710BBAB183826175CE57E88A859">
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<mods:date id="F5A0921C5085A74062851E59956BA84B">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3EC225446E5562BB6AA322FAF212BB52">2021-11-19</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="C5CF824798CF52B305BFF2A40ABE9916" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E1B79676B0C3B271FAC603EBEA1F86B5">2021</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="295BDE2276B5A6FA5873F08ABD9ED98C" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="BB9EE5E43F5D909255BC47004FFD2B4B">891</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C2B07E4F004A800A33579D38FF77D891">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="E7CC611E28E523D73F832A58EE883D17">61</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="8FC83C086E5D32E325D314D683711A55">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F1EEF5AB12E04C6E1DE04623D5DFEDD2" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.12808389</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A04667AA5196D40F68D03771D14D1BF7" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D6C69485633104B271C696D15292B8E9" type="Zenodo-Dep">12808389</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039AFF58FFD9221086D9F266C4814081" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12808441" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12808441" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039AFF58FFD9221086D9F266C4814081" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039AFF58FFD9221086D9F266C4814081" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="C3291DC5FFD9221286D9F266C2BD4736" box="[192,643,1372,1401]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFD9221286D9F266C2BD4736" blockId="16.[192,643,1372,1436]" box="[192,643,1372,1401]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="D0C4F922FFD9221286D9F266C2BD4736" box="[192,643,1372,1401]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD9221286D9F266C2BD4736" ID-CoL="8HZHC" authority="(Boheman)" baseAuthorityName="Boheman" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[192,643,1372,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Haplorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneus">
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD9221286D9F266C2BD4736" bold="true" box="[192,643,1372,1401]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD9221286D9F266C1D24736" bold="true" box="[192,492,1372,1401]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Haplorhynchites aeneus</emphasis>
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(Boheman)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3291DC5FFD9221286D9F2BBC17647D3" box="[192,328,1409,1436]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFD9221286D9F2BBC17647D3" blockId="16.[192,643,1372,1436]" box="[192,328,1409,1436]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130852CBFFD9221286D1F2BBC10147D3" box="[200,319,1409,1436]" captionStart="Figures 15–16" captionStartId="17.[192,279,1349,1375]" captionTargetBox="[423,1330,235,1285]" captionTargetId="figure-241@17.[295,1340,213,1316]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figures 15–16. Haplorhynchites aeneus (Boheman), teneral specimen. 15) Habitus, dorsal view. 16) Habitus, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12808405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12808405/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Fig. 15–16</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3291DC5FFD9221286D9F291C187441F" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFD9221286D9F291C187441F" blockId="16.[192,1441,1451,1927]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD9221286D9F291C102478A" bold="true" box="[192,316,1451,1477]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD92212875AF296C2784789" baseAuthorityName="Boheman" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[323,582,1452,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Haplorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneus">
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD92212875AF296C2784789" box="[323,582,1452,1478]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Haplorhynchites aeneus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be recognized by the abundant erect pubescence, by the generally larger size, and by the black integument. It can be distinguished from other
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<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD9221285D3F2F4C4EF47A7" box="[970,1233,1486,1512]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD9221285D3F2F4C44247A7" box="[970,1148,1486,1512]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Haplorhynchites</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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by the dense, random punctures on the elytra. It may also be confused with
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<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD922128570F2CBC42F4445" box="[873,1041,1521,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Auletobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ater">
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD922128570F2CBC42F4445" box="[873,1041,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Auletobius ater</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but it can be distinguished by the antennae that are inserted in or just in front of the basal 1/3 of the rostrum, which is inserted near the middle of the rostrum in
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<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD922128770F10CC18A4400" box="[361,436,1590,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Auletobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ater">
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD922128770F10CC18A4400" box="[361,436,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">A. ater</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3291DC5FFD922108719F162C2C3407A" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFD922128719F162C23C45C8" blockId="16.[192,1441,1451,1927]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD922128719F162C1AC443D" bold="true" box="[256,402,1624,1650]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Description.</emphasis>
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Length
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<quantity id="4CCBE3ABFFD9221287EBF162C24A443D" box="[498,628,1624,1650]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="6.6" valueMin="3.9">3.9–6.6mm</quantity>
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. Integument black, venter and tip of rostrum with faint greenish luster. Vestiture consisting of abundant, erect setae. Head conical, with moderate punctures; interpuncture space forming irregular longitudinal ridges. Rostrum slightly arcuate, in male only 1.3× pronotal length, in female as long as head + pronotum; sides in dorsal view expanded in apical 1⁄5, width at apex about 1.25× width of frons. Antennae inserted at or just in front of basal 1/3 of rostrum. Pronotal width about 1.2× length, widest behind middle; distinctly arcuate laterally; disc with shallow, close punctures, interpuncture space shining, smooth, with coarse, erect, brown setae. Elytral length about 1.2× width, width 2.0× pronotal width; surface randomly punctured, the punctures close and deep, bearing coarse, erect setae; straie and interstriae inconspicuous. Sexual dimorphism present in length of rostrum.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF4C1EC6FFD8221386D9F27FC17A47CE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12808405" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12808405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12808405/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" startId="17.[192,279,1349,1375]" targetBox="[423,1330,235,1285]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFD8221386D9F27FC17A47CE" blockId="17.[192,1440,1349,1409]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD8221386D9F27FC1504710" bold="true" box="[192,366,1349,1375]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Figures 15–16.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD822138761F27FC3344710" authority="(Boheman)" baseAuthorityName="Boheman" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[376,778,1349,1375]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Haplorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneus">
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD822138761F27FC2414710" box="[376,639,1349,1375]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Haplorhynchites aeneus</emphasis>
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(Boheman)
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</taxonomicName>
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, teneral specimen.
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD8221385F2F27FC42E4710" bold="true" box="[1003,1040,1349,1375]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">15)</emphasis>
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Habitus, dorsal view.
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD82213830AF27FC5064710" bold="true" box="[1299,1336,1349,1375]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">16)</emphasis>
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Habitus, lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFD8221386D9F28DC13944F2" blockId="17.[191,1443,1463,1927]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD8221386D9F28DC145479E" bold="true" box="[192,379,1463,1489]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Natural history.</emphasis>
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This species has been recorded from the eastern part of the
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<collectingCountry id="F3240EDEFFD82213822CF28DC467479E" box="[1077,1113,1463,1489]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">US</collectingCountry>
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, westward to the continental divide, but is most numerous in the Midwest. It is the most common
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<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD8221385D0F2E3C4EE47BC" box="[969,1232,1497,1523]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD8221385D0F2E3C44547BC" box="[969,1147,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Haplorhynchites</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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in North America and is associated with many species in the sunflower tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD82213855EF2C0C3EE445B" authorityName="Cassini" authorityYear="1819" box="[839,976,1530,1556]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Heliantheae">Heliantheae</taxonomicName>
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. Male and female adults are usually found together on uncut flower heads shortly after their appearance in July, copulation then occurs on these heads; after or during copulation the females would cut the stems below the flower heads incompletely so the heads are still attached. Eggs are found in the disc-flower bases of cut heads, and eclose in about a week. After reaching maturity the larvae leave the cut heads and enter the soil. The larvae overwinter and emerge the following July (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA233BFFFD822138328F1BBC0C444F2" author="Hamilton RW" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="83 - 86" refId="ref15051" refString="Hamilton RW. 1973. Observations on the biology of Haplorhynchites aeneus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Rhynchitidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 27: 83 - 86." type="journal article" year="1973">Hamilton 1973</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFD822108719F1FEC140435D" blockId="17.[191,1443,1463,1927]" lastBlockId="18.[192,1441,214,411]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
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This species is generally associated with sunflowers (
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<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD822138548F1FEC4524491" box="[849,1132,1732,1759]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD822138548F1FEC3F64491" box="[849,968,1732,1758]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Helianthus</emphasis>
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Linnaeus spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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), including woodland sunflower (
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<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD822138705F1DCC2B3454F" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[284,653,1766,1792]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divaricatus">
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD822138705F1DCC226454F" box="[284,536,1766,1792]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Helianthus divaricatus</emphasis>
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Linnaeus
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</taxonomicName>
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), sawtooth sunflower (
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<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD822138585F1DCC51F454F" authority="Martens" authorityName="Martens" box="[924,1313,1766,1792]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grosseserratus">
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD822138585F1DCC48844B0" box="[924,1206,1766,1792]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Helianthus grosseserratus</emphasis>
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Martens
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</taxonomicName>
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), common sunflower (
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<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD822138727F03DC242456E" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[318,636,1799,1825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annuus">
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD822138727F03DC233456E" box="[318,525,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Helianthus annuus</emphasis>
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Linnaeus
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</taxonomicName>
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), stiff sunflower (
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<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD822138559F03DC4B1456E" authority="Nuttall" authorityName="Nuttall" box="[832,1167,1799,1825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pauciflorus">
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD822138559F03DC409456E" box="[832,1079,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Helianthus pauciflorus</emphasis>
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Nuttall
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</taxonomicName>
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), and few-leaf sunflower (
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<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD8221386D3F013C21D450C" authority="Riddell" authorityName="Riddell" box="[202,547,1833,1859]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD8221386D3F013C1F8450C" box="[202,454,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Helianthus occidentalis</emphasis>
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Riddell
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</taxonomicName>
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). It has also been recorded from rosinweeds (
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<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD822138205F013C521450C" box="[1052,1311,1833,1859]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD822138205F013C440450C" box="[1052,1150,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Silphium</emphasis>
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Linnaeus spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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), including compassplant (
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<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD822138770F070C284452B" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[361,698,1866,1892]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laciniatum">
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<emphasis id="B947925CFFD822138770F070C276452B" box="[361,584,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Silphium laciniatum</emphasis>
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Linnaeus
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</taxonomicName>
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), wholelead rosinweed (
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<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD8221385D1F070C515452B" authority="Michaux" authorityName="Michaux" box="[968,1323,1866,1892]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="integrifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947925CFFD8221385D1F070C480452B" box="[968,1214,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Silphium integrifolium</emphasis>
|
||
Michaux
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and prairie rosinweed (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD82213877FF056C2D245C9" authority="Jacquin" authorityName="Jacquin" box="[358,748,1900,1926]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="terebinthinaceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947925CFFD82213877FF056C2B345C9" box="[358,653,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Silphium terebinthinaceum</emphasis>
|
||
Jacquin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), as well as scruf pea (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD8221385C4F056C4E445C9" box="[989,1242,1900,1927]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Psoralea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947925CFFD8221385C4F056C40445C9" box="[989,1082,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Psoralea</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), oxeye (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD822108326F056C16D42BF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Heliopsis" kingdom="Plantae" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="17" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947925CFFD822138326F056C59F45C9" box="[1343,1441,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Heliopsis</emphasis>
|
||
Persoon spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), tickseed (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFDB221087C3F7ECC2D442BF" box="[474,746,214,240]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Coreopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDB221087C3F7ECC27C42BF" box="[474,578,214,240]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Coreopsis</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and prairie goldenrod (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFDB22108209F7ECC14D435D" authority="(Torrey & A. Gray) B. Boivin" authorityName="B. Boivin" baseAuthorityName="Torrey & A. Gray" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ptarmicoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDB22108209F7ECC53D42BF" box="[1040,1283,214,240]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Solidago ptarmicoides</emphasis>
|
||
(Torrey & A. Gray) B. Boivin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFDB22108719F621C12443D4" blockId="18.[192,1441,214,411]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F780ACFFDB22108706F620C1A9437B" box="[287,407,282,308]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
, they have been found on disc flowers of stiff sunflower, few-leaf sunflower, and prairie goldenrod, as well as swept from blazing star (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFDB22108497F607C34F4319" box="[654,881,317,343]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Liatris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDB22108497F607C2EB4319" box="[654,725,317,342]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Liatris</emphasis>
|
||
Schreber spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), rosinweeds (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFDB2210820AF607C4974319" box="[1043,1193,317,343]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDB2210820AF607C44B4318" box="[1043,1141,317,343]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Silphium</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), bergamot (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFDB22108323F607C1624336" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Monarda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDB22108323F607C59F4318" box="[1338,1441,317,343]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Monarda</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and dogbane (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFDB22108409F665C3154336" box="[528,811,351,378]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Apocynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDB22108409F665C2B94336" box="[528,647,351,377]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Apocynum</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA233BFFFDB2210855BF665C3C04336" author="Hamilton RW" box="[834,1022,351,377]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="83 - 86" refId="ref15051" refString="Hamilton RW. 1973. Observations on the biology of Haplorhynchites aeneus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Rhynchitidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 27: 83 - 86." type="journal article" year="1973">Hamilton (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided detailed information on its biology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFDB221086D9F696C5404389" blockId="18.[192,1406,428,454]" box="[192,1406,428,454]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDB221086D9F696C17C4389" bold="true" box="[192,322,428,454]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Phenology.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F780ACFFDB2210877EF696C1E14389" box="[359,479,428,454]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
, adults have been collected from July to September, with a peak in July and August.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFDB221086D9F6ECC2C3407A" blockId="18.[191,1440,470,565]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDB221086D9F6ECC19243BF" bold="true" box="[192,428,470,496]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Collecting methods.</emphasis>
|
||
Thirty-two
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F780ACFFDB22108436F6ECC29B43BF" box="[559,677,470,496]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimens were examined during this study from four counties. This species can be readily collected by hand from disc flowers of sunflower species. It can also be collected by sweeping prairies where its plant associations are present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3291DC5FFDB221086D9F57FC4814081" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFDB221086D9F57FC40840CE" blockId="18.[192,1440,581,642]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDB221086D9F57FC1654010" bold="true" box="[192,347,581,607]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDB22108779F57FC1C84010" box="[352,502,581,607]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3240EDEFFDB22108779F57FC1CC4010" box="[352,498,581,607]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
AL, AR, CA, CO, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, MA, MD, MI, MN, MO, MS, MT, NC, ND, NE, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, SD, TN, TX, VA, WI, WV.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDB2210856CF55DC3EA40CE" box="[885,980,615,641]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3240EDEFFDB2210856CF55DC3F140CE" box="[885,975,615,641]" name="Canada" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MB, SK.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFDB221086D9F5ABC4814081" blockId="18.[191,1439,657,718]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDB221086D9F5ABC1CD40E3" bold="true" box="[192,499,657,684]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F780ACFFDB221086D9F5ABC10540E4" box="[192,315,657,683]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
county records.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This species has previously been recorded from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F780ACFFDB2210821FF5ABC44240E4" box="[1030,1148,657,683]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA233BFFFDB22108291F5ABC5A540E4" author="Blatchley WS & Leng CW" box="[1160,1435,657,684]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" refId="ref14423" refString="Blatchley WS, Leng CW. 1916. Rhynchophora or weevils of northeastern America. The Nature Publishing Company; Indianapolis, IN. 682 p." type="book" year="1916">Blatchley and Leng 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA233BFFFDB221086A6F58EC1D74081" author="O'Brien CW & Wibmer GJ" box="[191,489,692,718]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 382" refId="ref16000" refString="O'Brien CW, Wibmer GJ. 1982. Weevils of North America. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 34: i - ix, 1 - 382." type="journal article" year="1982">O’Brien and Wibmer 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA233BFFFDB221087EAF58EC3324081" author="Downie NM & Arnett RH" box="[499,780,692,718]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" refId="ref14663" refString="Downie NM, Arnett RH Jr. 1996. The beetles of northeastern North America. Vol II. Polyphaga: Series Bostrichiformia through Curculionoidea. The Sandhill Crane Press; Gainesville, FL. 1721 p." type="book" year="1996">Downie and Arnett 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Burnett, Grant, Kenosha, Milwaukee.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |