241 lines
27 KiB
XML
241 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="CF2D6E0D4758C732851EFFA6B06BA638" ID-CLB-Dataset="29001" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaXa.4460.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="84973bd6-9d66-4172-8f50-2a482edccf2a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1459506" ID-ZooBank="DB841017-698F-4D44-A633-461D350DC984" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539326878349" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Choi, Jinyeong, Soysouvanh, Pheophanh, Lee, Seunghwan & Hong, Ki-Jeong" docDate="2018" docId="0974884CB642FFE3FF6CFD6B03A7FF2E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4460.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4460 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Parasaissetia nigra" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="F54DF034B673FFD1FFFBFFA5024BFFD6" masterDocTitle="Review of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Laos" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1698579179695" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="4DD9BBA2E4903B10799B0B3E56215AFC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CBF341FB51553618B2F8EADD0335132C">
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<mods:title id="8A0BC96FF7373706E13CB90E2E171E06">Review of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Laos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E21EED763ECDEBC06CC25CD3F589C3A5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AE6DE35BAE9699FE68D5A59F85917235">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="36346B441CAC3F1BA38DF0CBD8050ADB">Choi, Jinyeong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="88EAD994C2183F4C6CC0832CC58004CD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A37F53D5F63FE29248FBB07F8FEF475D">Soysouvanh, Pheophanh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1B66B3D6E716E38978ECDD98E23FF450">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5B7F2B027B07440FD7223EDF62DFA07D">Lee, Seunghwan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="A1DC1ED8DB0A4BD026558286A84D4BF3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EFF6FC67E8CBA2ED8C1F52574E6F2C1D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8F09BA741E3DA84814FB3738C951EA5D">Hong, Ki-Jeong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F1637E95DF81F60C1B42A793B9BE7ACA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A0D7B3FB52F8A83FD62713EC6C92E39B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0AF7F4F64185DA5700533935CCAACEDA">
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<mods:date id="DA515DC8B0379C4125A19A1CEA9663E5">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4D3350F274E2646CB33521F6A11429AA">2018-08-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1C6AAC323DA6B42C9DF88DCD793F9BE7">4460</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0974884CB642FFE3FF6CFD6B03A7FF2E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5966479" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148695355" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5966479" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0974884CB642FFE3FF6CFD6B03A7FF2E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0974884CB642FFE3FF6CFD6B03A7FF2E" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B642FFE0FF6CFD6B036CFCDC" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8162395AB642FFE0FF6CFD6B0075FD3E" blockId="49.[151,574,718,778]" box="[151,574,718,744]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<heading id="DA2A8E36B642FFE0FF6CFD6B0075FD3E" bold="true" box="[151,574,718,744]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B642FFE0FF6CFD6B0075FD3E" ID-CoL="4DB6G" authority="(Nietner, 1861)" baseAuthorityName="Nietner" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[151,574,718,744]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parasaissetia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
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<emphasis id="B3A9E548B642FFE0FF6CFD6B0075FD3E" bold="true" box="[151,574,718,744]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B3A9E548B642FFE0FF6CFD6B0334FD3E" bold="true" box="[151,383,718,744]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Parasaissetia nigra</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB642FFE0FE75FD6B007DFD3E" box="[398,566,718,744]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref27283" refString="Nietner, J. (1861) Observations on the Enemies of the Coffee Tree in Ceylon. Ceylon Times, Ceylon, 31 pp." type="book">Nietner, 1861</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8162395AB642FFE0FF6CFD54036CFCDC" blockId="49.[151,574,718,778]" box="[151,295,753,778]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B3A9E548B642FFE0FF6CFD5402EBFCDC" bold="true" box="[151,160,753,778]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">(</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="19E625DFB642FFE0FF5BFD5402BEFCDC" box="[160,245,753,778]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1435,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,1435,1891]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 45. Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861). A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, polygonal reticulations; D, anal plates. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459596/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 45</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="19E625DFB642FFE0FEFAFD540354FCDC" box="[257,287,753,778]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[331,1294,318,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[289,1298,301,1772]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 46. Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861), adult female, from Williams & Watson (1990). A, dorsal tubercle; B, dorsal microduct; C, dorsal seta; D, preopercular pore; E, anal plates; F, multilocular disc-pore; G, ventral tubular duct; H, leg; I, ventral microduct; J, spiracular disc-pore; K, stigmatic spines and marginal setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459598/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">46</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B642FFE0FF6CFC9F03B0FC99" box="[151,507,825,847]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8162395AB642FFE0FF6CFC9F03B0FC99" blockId="49.[151,507,825,847]" box="[151,507,825,847]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="A1CD1E74B642FFE0FF6CFC9F03B0FC99" box="[151,507,825,847]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B642FFE0FF6CFC9F03BCFC99" authority="Nietner, 1861: 9" authorityName="Nietner" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,503,825,847]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Lecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrum">
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<emphasis id="B3A9E548B642FFE0FF6CFC9F0301FC99" box="[151,330,826,847]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Lecanium nigrum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="007C1F4BB642FFE0FEABFC9C03BCFC99" author="" box="[336,503,825,847]" page="9" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB642FFE0FEABFC9C0395FC99" box="[336,478,825,847]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref27283" refString="Nietner, J. (1861) Observations on the Enemies of the Coffee Tree in Ceylon. Ceylon Times, Ceylon, 31 pp." type="book">Nietner, 1861</bibRefCitation>
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: 9
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B642FFE0FF6CFCD90723FBD6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8162395AB642FFE0FF6CFCD90723FBD6" blockId="49.[151,1436,892,1384]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B3A9E548B642FFE0FF6CFCD9035AFC43" bold="true" box="[151,273,892,917]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Dorsum with anal plates each with 4 apical setae (
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<figureCitation id="19E625DFB642FFE0FC8BFCD90194FC43" box="[880,991,892,917]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1435,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,1435,1891]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 45. Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861). A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, polygonal reticulations; D, anal plates. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459596/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 45D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="19E625DFB642FFE0FC14FCD9066AFC43" box="[1007,1057,892,917]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[331,1294,318,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[289,1298,301,1772]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 46. Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861), adult female, from Williams & Watson (1990). A, dorsal tubercle; B, dorsal microduct; C, dorsal seta; D, preopercular pore; E, anal plates; F, multilocular disc-pore; G, ventral tubular duct; H, leg; I, ventral microduct; J, spiracular disc-pore; K, stigmatic spines and marginal setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459598/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">46E</figureCitation>
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); and preopercular pores present anterior to anal plates (
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<figureCitation id="19E625DFB642FFE0FE6DFC3A03B5FC6E" box="[406,510,927,952]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[331,1294,318,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[289,1298,301,1772]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 46. Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861), adult female, from Williams & Watson (1990). A, dorsal tubercle; B, dorsal microduct; C, dorsal seta; D, preopercular pore; E, anal plates; F, multilocular disc-pore; G, ventral tubular duct; H, leg; I, ventral microduct; J, spiracular disc-pore; K, stigmatic spines and marginal setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459598/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 46D</figureCitation>
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). Marginal setae with broadly fimbriate apices (
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<figureCitation id="19E625DFB642FFE0FBEAFC3A0632FC6E" box="[1041,1145,927,952]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[331,1294,318,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[289,1298,301,1772]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 46. Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861), adult female, from Williams & Watson (1990). A, dorsal tubercle; B, dorsal microduct; C, dorsal seta; D, preopercular pore; E, anal plates; F, multilocular disc-pore; G, ventral tubular duct; H, leg; I, ventral microduct; J, spiracular disc-pore; K, stigmatic spines and marginal setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459598/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 46K</figureCitation>
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). Venter with multilocular disc-pores usually each with 10 loculi, mainly present around vulvar area (
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<figureCitation id="19E625DFB642FFE0FC00FC610629FC0B" box="[1019,1122,964,989]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[331,1294,318,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[289,1298,301,1772]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 46. Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861), adult female, from Williams & Watson (1990). A, dorsal tubercle; B, dorsal microduct; C, dorsal seta; D, preopercular pore; E, anal plates; F, multilocular disc-pore; G, ventral tubular duct; H, leg; I, ventral microduct; J, spiracular disc-pore; K, stigmatic spines and marginal setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459598/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 46F</figureCitation>
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); tubular ducts each with a narrow inner ductule (
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<figureCitation id="19E625DFB642FFE0FE74FC4203B2FBD6" box="[399,505,999,1024]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[331,1294,318,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[289,1298,301,1772]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 46. Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861), adult female, from Williams & Watson (1990). A, dorsal tubercle; B, dorsal microduct; C, dorsal seta; D, preopercular pore; E, anal plates; F, multilocular disc-pore; G, ventral tubular duct; H, leg; I, ventral microduct; J, spiracular disc-pore; K, stigmatic spines and marginal setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459598/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 46G</figureCitation>
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); antenna 7 or 8 segmented (partially adopted from
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<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB642FFE0FBC7FC420717FBD6" box="[1084,1372,999,1024]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref29081" refString="Williams, D. J. & Watson, G. W. (1990) The scale insects of the tropical South Pacific Region. Pt. 3: The soft scales (Coccidae) and other families. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, 267 pp." type="book">Williams & Watson 1990</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B642FFE0FF3CFBA90111FB9E" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8162395AB642FFE0FF3CFBA90111FB9E" blockId="49.[151,1436,892,1384]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B3A9E548B642FFE0FF3CFBA903FAFBF3" bold="true" box="[199,433,1036,1061]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Material examined.</emphasis>
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2 ♀♀, LAOS, Hadsayfong Dist., Vientiane Capital,
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<date id="F5631F9AB642FFE0FBF9FBA9063DFBF3" box="[1026,1142,1036,1061]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2017-02-16">16.ii.2017</date>
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, coll. P.P. Soysouvanh, on
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<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B642FFE0FF6CFB95011DFB9E" authority="(Mill.) I. M. Johnst." authorityName="(Mill.) I.M. Johnst." box="[151,854,1071,1096]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Cnidoscolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="aconitifolius">
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<emphasis id="B3A9E548B642FFE0FF6CFB9503FFFB9E" box="[151,436,1072,1096]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cnidoscolus aconitifolius</emphasis>
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(Mill.) I.M. Johnst. (Euphorbiaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B642FFE0FF3CFBF10395FB62" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8162395AB642FFE0FF3CFBF10395FB62" blockId="49.[151,1436,892,1384]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B3A9E548B642FFE0FF3CFBF1035AFBBB" bold="true" box="[199,273,1108,1133]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Hosts.</emphasis>
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Polyphagous. According to
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<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB642FFE0FD9EFBF101F0FBBB" box="[613,955,1108,1133]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref24883" refString="Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. & Hardy, N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 3 July 2018) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url">
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García Morales
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<emphasis id="B3A9E548B642FFE0FCDFFBF00110FBBA" box="[804,859,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
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. (2016)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B642FFE0FC37FBF00663FBBA" baseAuthorityName="Nietner" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[972,1064,1109,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parasaissetia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
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<emphasis id="B3A9E548B642FFE0FC37FBF00663FBBA" box="[972,1064,1109,1132]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P. nigra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been recorded from plants belonging to 242 genera in 92 families. In
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<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB642FFE0FD8FFBDD00E6FB59" box="[628,685,1144,1167]" name="Laos" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Laos</collectingCountry>
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, it has been found on
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<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B642FFE0FC59FBDD0651FB46" box="[930,1050,1144,1168]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B642FFE0FC59FBDD0651FB46" box="[930,1050,1144,1168]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Euphorbia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B642FFE0FBB5FBD206B3FB46" authorityName="" authorityYear="1789" box="[1102,1272,1143,1168]" family="Euphorbiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B642FFE0FACCFBDC073DFB46" box="[1335,1398,1145,1168]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B642FFE0FACCFBDC073DFB46" box="[1335,1398,1145,1168]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Musa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B642FFE0FF65FB39035AFB62" box="[158,273,1180,1204]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Musaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Musaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB642FFE0FED3FB390399FB62" box="[296,466,1180,1205]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref25777" refString="Hodgson, C. J. (1994) The scale insect family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, 639 pp." type="book">Hodgson 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B642FFE0FF3CFB1A001BFABE" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="8162395AB642FFE0FF3CFB1A01EBFB2B" blockId="49.[151,1436,892,1384]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B642FFE0FF3CFB1A032BFB0E" bold="true" box="[199,352,1215,1240]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
|
All zoogeographical regions;
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4319F7B8B642FFE0FD49FB1A012EFB0E" box="[690,869,1215,1240]" country="Morocco" name="Oriental" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4319F7B8B642FFE0FD49FB1A0145FB0E" box="[690,782,1215,1240]" country="Egypt" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
|
Region
|
|
</collectingRegion>
|
|
(
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB642FFE0FC8FFB1A01F9FB0E" box="[884,946,1215,1240]" name="India" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">India</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB642FFE0FC46FB1A0666FB0E" box="[957,1069,1215,1240]" name="Indonesia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB642FFE0FBCCFB65063BFB01" box="[1079,1136,1216,1239]" name="Laos" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB642FFE0FB80FB1A06AFFB0E" box="[1147,1252,1215,1240]" name="Malaysia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB642FFE0FB0BFB1A073AFB0E" box="[1264,1393,1215,1240]" name="Philippines" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB642FFE0FA80FB1A02ABFB2B" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4319F7B8B642FFE0FA80FB1A07D7FB0E" box="[1403,1436,1215,1240]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Sri</collectingRegion>
|
|
Lanka
|
|
</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB642FFE0FF10FB41030BFB2B" box="[235,320,1252,1277]" name="Taiwan" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB642FFE0FEB0FB4103FAFB2B" box="[331,433,1252,1277]" name="Thailand" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB642FFE0FE17FB410006FB2B" box="[492,589,1252,1277]" name="Vietnam" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
|
) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB642FFE0FD99FB4101DFFB2B" box="[610,916,1252,1277]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref24883" refString="Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. & Hardy, N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 3 July 2018) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url">
|
|
García Morales
|
|
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B642FFE0FCE3FB400101FB2A" box="[792,842,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2016
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8162395AB642FFE0FF3CFAA2001BFABE" blockId="49.[151,1436,892,1384]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B642FFE0FF3CFAA2039DFAF6" bold="true" box="[199,470,1287,1312]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Economic importance.</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB642FFE0FE24FAAD0159FAF6" box="[479,786,1287,1312]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref25720" refString="Hamon, A. B. & Williams, M. L. (1984) The soft scale insects of Florida (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas. Florida Department of Agricultural & Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, Florida, 194 pp." type="book">Hamon & Williams (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB642FFE0FCB7FAA2064EFAF6" box="[844,1029,1287,1312]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref25875" refString="Hodgson, C. J. & Henderson, R. C. (2000) Coccidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Fauna of New Zealand, 41, 1 - 259." type="journal article">Hodgson (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
considered
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B642FFE0FB6BFAAC06A2FAC9" baseAuthorityName="Nietner" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[1168,1257,1288,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parasaissetia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B642FFE0FB6BFAAC06A2FAC9" box="[1168,1257,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to be a pest on diverse ornamental plants in tropical regions; it was also regarded as a potential pest of citrus and avocado (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B642FFE0FAB5FA880344FAB1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Persea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="americana">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B642FFE0FAB5FA880344FAB1" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Persea americana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) in
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4319F7B8B642FFE0FEC7FAEA03E5FABE" box="[316,430,1359,1384]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">California</collectingRegion>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB642FFE0FE47FAEA0008FABE" box="[444,579,1359,1384]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref28220" refString="Smith, R. H. (1944) Bionomics and control of the nigra scale, Saissetia nigra. Hilgardia, 16 (5), 225 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.3733 / hilg. v 16 n 05 p 225" type="journal article">Smith 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<caption id="D5A269D2B642FFE0FF6CF8D30676F87D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459596/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" startId="49.[151,250,1910,1932]" targetBox="[151,1436,1435,1891]" targetPageId="49">
|
|
<paragraph id="8162395AB642FFE0FF6CF8D30676F87D" blockId="49.[151,1435,1910,1963]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B642FFE0FF6CF8D3036EF85A" bold="true" box="[151,293,1910,1932]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 45.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B642FFE0FECAF8DD00E4F85A" authority="(Nietner, 1861)" authorityName="Nietner" authorityYear="1861" baseAuthorityName="Nietner" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[305,687,1910,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parasaissetia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B642FFE0FECAF8DD03F0F85B" box="[305,443,1912,1933]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Parasaissetia</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B642FFE0FE3CF8DD03B5F85B" box="[455,510,1912,1933]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">nigra</emphasis>
|
|
(Nietner, 1861)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, polygonal reticulations; D, anal plates. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D = 100 µm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B641FFE3FF3CFF3203A7FF2E" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8162395AB641FFE3FF3CFF3203A7FF2E" blockId="50.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B641FFE3FF3CFF320370FF66" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B641FFE3FEBFFF3D0069FF79" baseAuthorityName="Nietner" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[324,546,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parasaissetia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B641FFE3FEBFFF3D0069FF79" box="[324,546,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Parasaissetia nigra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is easily recognized by the following morphological combination: (i) dorsum with reticulated pattern; (ii) having 3 stigmatic spines; and (iii) lacking ventral tubular ducts in the medial area of the abdomen (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB641FFE3FECEFF7A0394FF2E" box="[309,479,223,248]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref25777" refString="Hodgson, C. J. (1994) The scale insect family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, 639 pp." type="book">Hodgson 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |